2023年中考语法一点通 语法专题16 主谓一致【考点精讲精练】

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中考英语总复习方法指导为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过一轮复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。 语法专题十六、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。有三条原则：1. 语法一致原则  2. 意义一致的原则   3. 就近原则考点一、语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词也采用复数形式。1、主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等，谓语动词用单数。          Coffee is more popular in western countries. 2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式。 如：         Some boys are playing in the park. 3、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：         Swimming and walking are good exercises.   [注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：         Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a , more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：         In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.         Many a student is having practice in that factory. 4、如果主语后面跟有 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than, in addition to等时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。         An English teacher together with some students has climbed the mountain.         Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.  5、“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：         A large number of buildings were burnt down.         The number of students in our school is 2500.6、one of+复数名词+谓语动词单数“表示“......之一”。          One of my pen friends is from Beijing. 7、none of后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 如;         None of those books is/ are good. 8、由one, each other, every one, each...and...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。          Each of us has a math book. 9、由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词和不定代词either/ neither+of+n.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。         Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.              Neither of the two computers is cheap. 10、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：         It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.11、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：         Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.           30 percent of the students in our class are girls.12、 glasses, pants, trousers, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, shoes, gloves等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果前有“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of, a pair of等+名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：         This kind of men is dangerous.      考点二、意义一致原则，是指谓语动词形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式一致。 1、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team, crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：         Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school.          Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow.   2、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等，作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。而有些名词如news, politics等以-s结尾，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。[注意]population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：         Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。         The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.3、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。    如：         Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。         One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。4、如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。         The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。         The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。5、“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。6、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：         Your trousers need washing.  你的裤子该洗了。         My glasses are new.          我的眼镜是新的。         A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。1、当or，either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。         Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper.          Not only the mother but also the children were there.2、在there be或here be句型，主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。         There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room.  中考语法—主谓一致专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）1. Each of us ________ WeChat(微信) nowadays, even the old people.A. plays B. play C. playing D. played2. Here are some _______ for you to read.A. milk           B. tea             C. books3. —Tom, what's your dad doing？—He ______ my bike．A. repair B. repairs C. is repairing D. will repair4. After the boy's homework ________, he went out to play.A. finished B. finishes C. was finished D. is finished5. Everyone _______ here. Let's go.A. am          B. are            C. is6. Not only Sam but also his parents___________ coming to China soon.A. is          B. are             C. were7.The survey on the children        that more than five sixths of them        interested in science books because they seems a little boring.A. show; is B. shows; are C. shows; is D. show; are8. With the introduction of the "double reduction" policy （双减政策），one of the_____ _____ that the students have less homework. A. changes；is   B. change；is     C. changes；are9. -Using public chopsticks______necessary when eating with others.-That's right.A. is B. are C. was D. were10. -Hurry up, Jason! We're going to the cinema, but the clothes still need       .-Don't worry. I think thirty minutes        enough.A. washing；are B. to wash；are C. to wash；is D. washing；is11. Some people think one of the most useful inventions      the smartphone.A. are B. is C. were D. be12. There ______ two people waiting for you outside now.A. is B. are C. was D. were13. I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars ______ enough.A. was B. are C. is D. were14. The zebra eats grass, but it ______ eat meat.A. doesn't      B. didn't        C. don't15. The number of the whales ______ smaller and smaller because of human activities now.A. were B. was C. is D. are16. Look! Julia as well as her sisters ______ a kite on the playground.A. fly B. flies C. is flying D. are flying17. Fresh water ______ more important than anything else.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Volunteering our time to help people ______ a good way to learn new things.A. am      B. is        C. are19. —Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school?—In our school, ______ of the teachers ______ women teachers.third fourth；are B. third fourth；isC. three fourths；is D. three fourths；are20. One thousand kilometers ______ quite a long way to the ancient, but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air.A. was B. had C. were D. have21. He _______ like his brother.A. look          B. looks        C. looking22. Mid-Autumn Day usually ______ on August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.A. come B. comes C. is coming D. will come23. In the past people didn't know that light            faster than sound.A. travels      B. travelled        C. travel24. Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match.A. am B. is C. are D. be25. This pair of socks ______ soft. I'll take ______.A. feel; it         B. feels; it        C. feels; them26. She will fly to Haikou as soon as she ______ the task.A. finish         B. finishes        C. finished27. It's reported that the students in some schools of our city    a PE class every day.A. takes B. take C. took D. are taking28. —Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou?—Of course. Not only I but also my parents ______ his fans.A. am B. are C. was D. were29. Some of the apples are bad, but I believe the rest        sweet.A. taste B. tastes C. are tasted D. is tasted30. Not only Jack but also I ______ crazy about the football match.A. am B. is C. are D. be31. —Listen! There ______ someone ______ at the door.—It must be your sister.A. is; knocking B. is; knock C. are; knocking D. are; knock32. — What _____ the number of the students in your school?​​— About two thousand. A number of them _____ from the countryside.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are33. —What would you like to have for your birthday？—Either noodles or bread ______ OK．I don't mind．A. am B. is C. are D. be34. Everybody except Mike and Linda _______ there when the meeting began.A. is B. are C. was D. were35. —What do you think of the environment here?—Wonderful! ________ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; is C. Two fifths; are D. Two fifth; are36. _________ Lucy________Lily like singing．A. Either，or B. Neither，norC. Not only，but also D. Both，and37. My friend and I are interested in drawing，but ________ of us is good at it．A. neither B. both C. none D. all38. Doing eye exercises ______ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.A. is      B. are       C. were39. The twins      fond of the new idea in the magazine article．A. be B. am C. is D. are40. Look，the set of keys      on the teacher's desk．A. are B. were C. is D. was41. —What's in the picture on the wall?—There ______ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.A. has B. are C. is D. have42. Both Kate and I ______ ready for the new high school life.A. am B. is C. are D. be43.In our school library there      a number of books and the number of them      growing larger and larger．A. is；are B. has；is C. are；is D. have；are44. — The number of tourists ______ over 33 million this year.— Yes. A large number of tourists ______ so far because of the new look of city.A. is; have come B. is; has come C. are; has come D. are; have come45.            my father            my mother take good care of me. I love them so much.A. Either; or B. Both; andC. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also46. Either the students or the teacher ______ him very well.A. knows B. to know C. know D. knew47. The girl with two cats __________ in the yard when the earthquake happened.A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing48. —What's in the picture?—There ______ a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.A. is B. are C. has D. have49. How time flies! Several years ______ since we started our middle school life. We will keep the pleasant experiences in our minds.A. have pass       B. has passed     C. will pass50. —We ordered beef noodles, but ______ any beef in the noodles.—Put on your glasses and you can see the beef.A. there isn't B. there is C. there aren't D. there are