中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---形容词、副词

这是一份中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---形容词、副词，共12页。试卷主要包含了 形容词的句法功能，副词的句法功能，形容词和副词混合辨析， Mrs等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考一轮复习语法必考点---形容词、副词
精讲
一．形容词和副词的句法功能
1. 形容词的句法功能
1）做表语:连系动词（be/become/get/feel/sound/seem. . . )+形容词

2）做定语：
①限定词＋形容词＋名词
②名词＋表示年龄、长、宽、高、深等的形容词
③ somebody/something/anyone. . . +形容词

3） 做宾补：find/think/keep/make/leave. . . +宾语＋形容词

4）做状语：用在句末，前面用逗号隔开

拓展：
限定词：是用来限定名词的一类词，初中阶段的限定词主要涉及冠词、代词，数词及名词所有格

2.副词的句法功能
1）做状语：
①通常用在动词后
②用在形容词或副词前
③用在句首修饰整个句子
④少数表示地点（here/there/in/up/down. . . )、时间（now/today/yesterday. . . )的副词多用在句末；用在句首时表强调
⑤疑问副词常用在句首

2）做表语/做定语/做宾语/做宾补:
某些表示地点方位（here/in/out/above/outside. . . )、时间（tonight/today. . . )的副词用在句末

二．形容词和副词（词组）辨析
1.形容词词义辨析
1）同类形容词词义辨析
情感与情绪

afraid 害怕
upset 失望
lonely 孤独的
awful 难受的
crazy疯狂的
angry生气的


性格与品质

active 活跃的
quiet安静的
confident 自信的
patient有耐心的
brave 勇敢的
honest 诚实的


天气与气候

wet湿的；
foggy有雾的
sunny 晴朗的
rainy 多雨的
cloudy多云的
snowy 下雪的


健康与疾病

deaf聋的
sick 生病的
blind 瞎的
alive 活着
weak 虚弱的
strong强壮的


判断与评价

true 真的
strange 奇怪的
certain 确信
sure 确信
special特别的
necessary 必要的


2）反义形容词词义辨析

asleep 睡着→awake 醒着
beautiful 美丽的→ugly 丑陋的
big大的→small小的
busy 忙碌的→free空闲的
careful 细致的→careless粗心的
cheap 便宜的→expensive昂贵的
clean 干净的→dirty 脏的
early早的→late迟的
empty空的→full满的
fat肥胖的→thin瘦的
heavy重的→light轻的
high高的→low低的
poor贫穷的→rich富有的
safe安全的→dangerous有危险的


2. 副词（词组）辨析
1）疑问副词（词组）
when：意为“什么时候”，询问时间
where：意为“在哪里”，询问地点
why：意为“为什么”，询问原因
how：意为“怎么样”，询问方式或状态
how many：意为“多少”，询问数量，且后跟可数名词复数
how much：意为“多少；多少钱”，询问数量时后跟不可数名词；
还可询问物品的价格
how long：意为“多长”，询问时间多久或物体多长；
答语一般为时间段或长度，如for three days,about one metre等
how often：意为“多久一次”，询问频率，
答语常为 twice a year,three times a week等
how far：意为“多远”，询问距离
how soon：意为“多久”，询问将来的一段时间，
答语一般为in+时间段，如in two days,in five years等
how old：意为“几岁”，询问年龄

拓展：疑问代词与疑问副词的区别：
疑问代词是对句子的主语、宾语、表语或定语进行提问，在句中做主语、宾语、表语或定语
疑问副词（词组）是对时间、地点、原因、方式等状语进行提问，在句中做状语

3.形容词和副词混合辨析
polite有礼貌的 politely有礼貌地
angry 生气的 angrily 生气地
good 好的 well 好地
bad 不好的 badly 严重地：非常
careful 仔细的 carefully 仔细地
possible 可能的 possibly 可能地
serious 严肃的 seriously 严肃地
main 主要的 mainly 主要地
wide广泛的 widely 广泛地
simple 简单的 simply 简单地
lonely 孤独的 alone 独自

三．形容词和副词的适当形式
1. 形容词的构成
形容词可分为简单形容词，派生形容词和复合形容词，
简单形容词由单个形容词构成：
派生形容词由词根＋词缀构成；
而复合形容词由两个或多个词构成，多数会用连字符连接

1） 简单形容词：单个词 hot热的 shy 羞怯的

2） 派生形容词：
名词＋ful help→helpful有帮助的 care→careful 小心的
名词＋less care→careless粗心的 hope→hopeless没希望的
名词＋y luck→lucky 幸运的 noise→noisy 吵闹的
名词＋ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
名词＋able/ible comfort→comfortable 舒适的 sense→sensible 明智的
名词＋ish fool→foolish 愚蠢的 self→selfish 自私的
名词＋ous danger→dangerous危险的 fame→famous著名的
名词＋al person→personal个人的 form→formal正式的
名词＋ic/ical base→basic 基本的 practice→practical实用的
动词＋ant/ent please→pleasant 愉快的 differ→different 不同的
动词＋ive act→active 活跃的
动词＋able change→changeable 可变的 move→movable 可移动的
动词＋ite favor→favorite最喜爱的

3）复合形容词：
基数词-名词-形容词／名词 seven-year-old 七岁的 5-minute-walk 五分钟的路程

2. 副词的构成
副词大多是由形容词变化而来的，且由此而来的副词常译为“. . . 地”。
此外，还有一些词本身就是副词。
1）.形容词变副词
一般情况：+ly clear→clearly 清晰地 sweet→sweetly 甜美地
以y结尾的单音节词: dry→dryly 干燥地 shy→shyly 羞怯地
以y结尾的双音节词:变y为i+ly easy→easily 容易地 happy→happily 幸福地
以不发音的e结尾:＋1y wide→widely广泛地 polite→politely有礼貌地
以le结尾:去e+y possible→possibly 可能地 simple→simply 简单地
以ue结尾:去e+ly true→truly 真诚地
以ll结尾:＋y full→fully 完全地

拓展：
（1） 单音节词是由一个音节组成的词；双音节词是由两个音节组成的词
（2） 划分音节的方法：元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线，一个单词有几个发音的元音，该单词就有几个音节

2）.本身是副词
频度副词：
always 总是 usually 通常地 often 常常 sometimes 有时
seldom 很少 hardly 几乎不 never 从不

程度副词：
very 非常 much 非常 so这么 too太
quite 相当 pretty 相当 even 甚至 especially 尤其

时间副词:
ago 以前 before 以前 now 现在 later 以后
yesterday 在昨天 today 在今天 tonight在今晚 tomorrow 在明天

地点副词:
abroad 在国外 home 在家 here 在这里 there 在那里
outside 在外面 inside 在里面 anywhere在任何地方 everywhere 到处

疑问副词:
where 在哪里 when什么时候 why 为什么 how 怎样

其他副词:
only 只 however 然而 instead 代替 yet 仍然

3）形、副同形的单词
英语中，将兼有两种词性的单词称为双性词

形容词词义
副词词义
well
健康的；身体好的
好，令人满意地
pretty
漂亮的
相当：十分：很
enough
足够的；充足的
足够地：充足地
early
早的
早
far
远的
远
fast
快的
快地
outside
外面的
在外面
weekly
每周的
每周地
hard
困难的：坚硬的：辛苦的
努力地：艰难地：猛烈地
west
西方的：西部的
向西：朝西
east
东方的：东部的
向东：朝东
deep
深的
在深处：深深地
best
最好的
最好地：最
high
高的
高：在／向高处
most
最多：大多数
最多：大多数
near
距离近
在附近
late
迟到
迟：晚
free
空闲的：免费的：自由的
免费：脱离束缚

拓展：
以上部分单词，除了本身具有的副词含义外，还可以在其后直接＋1y变成另一个副词，依次是：
hardly几乎不 deeply深刻地（表示感情上的深度）
highly高度地（表程度，相当于much) mostly 主要地
nealy几乎，将近 lately近来
freely无限制地

如：It's raining so hard that we can hardly go out.
雨下得很大，我们几乎不能出去。
由此可看出，两种形式的副词词义是截然不同的，所以，须根据具体语境判断空格所填词的词义，确定副词的正确形式，选出正确答案。

3.形容词和副词比较等级的变化
1）规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词： ＋er或＋est
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

不发音的e结尾: ＋r或＋st
nice→nicer→nicest large→larger→largest

以y结尾的双音节词: 变y为i+er或＋est
happy→happier→happiest easy→easier→easiest

以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节: 双写辅音字母，再＋er或＋est
big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest

部分双音节和多音节词:原级前＋more或＋most
careful→more careful→most careful
important→more important→most important

拓展：
重读闭音节是以辅音字母（除r外）结尾，且读得清晰、响亮的音节，体现形式：
以“辅＋元＋辅”结尾

2）不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
ill/bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest

拓展：farther/farthest 与 further /furthest的区别
①指距离时，均意为“远”，可互换。
如：I'm so tired that I can't go any farther/further.
我太疲倦了，不能再走了。

②指抽象概念时，只能用further/furthest,意为“进一步；更多的”，
如：She went abroad for further study.
她出国进修了。

四． 形容词和副词比较等级句型

1. 原级比较句型

1）A+动词＋as+形容词／副词原级＋as+B： A=B,A和B一样

2）A+动词＋not+as/so+形容词／副词原级＋as+B： A≠B,A不如B

3）A+动词＋倍数＋as+形容词／副词原级＋as+B： A是B的几倍

4）as+many/much. . . +as：表前后数量一样

5）as+形容词／副词原级＋as possible：尽可能. . . .

拓展：
（1）倍数其他的表达结构：
①“倍数＋比较级＋than+比较对象”
如：Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light.
日光可以比室内光亮数百倍。
②“倍数＋the size(amount,length. . . )of. . ”
如：This river is twice the depth of that one.
这条河是那条河的二倍深。

需注意的是，一半倍数用half,一倍用once,两倍用twice或double,当倍数大于等于3时，用“基数词＋times”来表示

（2）as. . .as结构：
为避免重复，第二个as后只保留比较对象B,其他成分均可省略

2.比较级句型
1）A+动词＋比较级＋than+B： A比B更. . . . . .

2）the+比较级... ,the+比较级...: 越····就越·. . . . .

3）比较级＋and+比较级：
more and more+多音节形容词／副词原级： 越来越·. . . . . .

4）A+动词＋the+比较级＋of the two： A是两者中较·······的一个

5）Which/Who+动词＋比较级，A or B?： A和B,哪个／谁更. . . . . ?

拓展：
much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, even,a few,still,rather,any. . 可修饰形容词或副词的比较级，最常用的词为前6个，即“3多（much,far,a lot)、2少（a little,a bit)、1甚至（even)”，
如：Annie decides to work much harder and get better grades next year.
安妮决定更努力地学习，在明年获得更好的成绩。

3.最高级句型
1）A+动词（+the）+最高级+可数名词单数+in/of/among+比较范围：A是·······中最......

2）A+be+one of +the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of/among+比较范围：A是·······中最......之一

3）A+be+the+序数词＋形容词最高级（＋可数名词单数）＋in/of/among+比较范围：A是·······中第几·. . . . .

4）A+be+the+形容词最高级＋of the three：A是三者中最.. .

5）Which/Who+动词（＋the)+最高级，A,BorC?：A、B和C,哪个／谁最······？

6） 比较级＋than any other+可数名词单数＋in/of/among+比较范围：
比较级＋than the other+可数名词复数＋in/of/among+比较范围：
否定词＋比较级＋in/of/among+比较范围： ······中最······(比较级表最高级意义）

拓展：
（1） 形容词最高级前须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用：形容词最高级做表语，也可不用定冠词the.
如：We are busiest on Mondays. 周一我们最忙。
（2） 最高级前如果有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格、序数词等修饰时，不加定冠词the,
如：Anna is my best friend. 安娜是我最好的朋友。





精练

一．完成句子
1.It's p________(礼貌的）to offer seats to the old on the bus.
2. It rained so________ (heavy) that many streets were covered with water.
3. The father was________ (pride) of his son's efforts at school.
4. Mrs. Chen told us to write as________ (care) as we could.
5. Does Gold Theatre have___________________（comfort) seats of the five in your city?

二．单项选择
1. Let's open the windows to have some ______air here.
A.cheap B.nervous C.careful D.fresh
2. -It's_______ to stick your chopsticks into your food while people are having dinner.
－I'm sorry. I won't do that again.
A. kind B.polite C.rude D.proud
3. Seeing a bird resting by the window, the boy moved_____to have a look at it.
A.politely B.quietly C.easily D.safely
4. We had a football match yesterday. Our fans cheered us on____＿and we felt more confident.
A.slowly B.loudly C.nearly D.carelessly
5. Those toys for children look_______and sell_______.
A.good;lovely B.lovely;good C.well;lovely D.lovely;well
6. Oxford University is_______with tourists for its beautiful old buildings.
A.different B.famous C.special D. popular
7. There are many beautiful places to visit in Anhui,_______Mount Huang in autumn.
A.simply B.finally C.luckily D.especially
8. We've got no coffee.Let's have tea______.
A.either B.however C.yet D.instead
9. -Emily,here's a dictionary. I hope it will help you.
－Thank you. It's______what I need.
A. just B.still C.only D.almost
10. -Bob is_______late for school.
－Me neither.
A.always B.almost C.ever D.never
11. -How often do you exercise?
--_____ever. Because I am very busy with my work.
A. Hardly B. Nearly C. Always D. Almost
12. Jenny is afraid to travel by plane.She always feels______when getting on it.
A.nervous B.interested C.relaxed D.happy
13. -What a clear blue sky it is!
－Yes. I have never seen______sky.
A. a more beautiful B.a most beautiful C.the more beautiful D.the most beautiful
14. -How amazing the noodle is!
－Yes,it is_______,and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle.
A. 1, 704-metre-long B. 1, 704-metres-long
B. 1, 704 metre long D. 1, 704 metres long
15. My host family tried to cook______for me when I studied in New Zealand.
A. different something B.different anything
C.something different D.anything different
16. -I'll be away for a long time.
－Don't worry. She can look after your pet_____.
A. careful enough B.enough careful C.carefully enough D.enough carefully
17. -Why do students love Mr. Brown?
－Because he is very______.He always explains problems over and over again.
A.serious B.patient C.clever D.creative
18. -I know Old Joe lives______.
－We are supposed to visit him from time to time. Then he won't feel_____.
A. alone;alone B.lonely;lonely C.lonely;alone D.alone; lonely
19. -Have you ever seen the movie called Los Angles 2011?
－Yes, but I think it's ______. I fell asleep when I saw it.
A.exciting B.boring C.bored D.excited
20. -My spoken English is poor,what shall I do?
－Join an English language club to practice,and you'll______it.
A.be good at B.drop in C.deal with
21. It is necessary______us to help our friends out when they meet difficulties.
A.to B.of C.with D.for
22. I was told to meet Mr. Green at the airport. But I don't know______he will arrive.
A.where B.why C.how D.when
23. -______are you going to Shanghai?
－I'm taking the plane.
A.When B. Why C. What D. How
24. -___ do you have an Art Festival in your school?
－Once a year.
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon
25. -How______will the boss be back?
－In these days,
A.far B.soon C.long D.often
26. -_____is it from your home to the school?
－About ten minutes'walk.
A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon
27. -_____will she stay here?
－For______.
A. How soon;one hour and a half
B. How long;one and a half hours
C. How soon;one and half hours
D. How long; one hour and half
28. My cousin is______heavy because he often eats_____fast food.
A. much too;too many B.too much;too much C.much too;too much
29. Some rules are almost the same______in the world, but rules of etiquette can be different from place to place.
A.somewhere .B.anywhere C.nowhere D.everywhere
30. He said he would come to see us______the next aftemoon.
A.sometime B.some time C.sometimes D.some times
31. -I am not sure which tie to wear for the party.
－God! I have no idea,______.
A.too B.neither C.either D.also
32. Don't just believe the advertisement. That medicine is_____it says.
A.as good as B.not as good as C.as well as
33. You are too quiet. How I hope you can be ______outgoing!
A.a little more B.too much C.much too D.much less
34. -Is Lucy or Lily the______of the twins?
－Lucy. She was born half an hour earlier.
A.younger B.youngest C.elder D.eldest
35. The actress is already 50, but she looks_____than she really is.
A.young B.more young C.more younger D.much younger
36. Please read every sentence______.The more_____you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
A.carefully;careful B.careful;careful C.careful;carefully
37. He has ______ arms now and is able to pick the table up with one hand.
A.weakest B.weaker C.strongest D.stronger
38. People complain that the price of the apartment is getting_______ .
A.lower and lower B.higher and higher
C.cheaper and cheaper D.more and more expensive
39. We're happy that our country has developed______these years than before.
A.quickly B.less quickly C.more quickly D.most quickly
40. -Do you know that China is one of_____countries in the world?
－Yes, I do. It's much______than the US.
A. oldest;elder B.the oldest;older C.the oldest;elder D. the older;elder
41. Mr. Smith said his son was as_______as his daughter.
A. hardworking B.more hardworking C.the most hardworking
42. In the piano contest,my brother didn't play well and I did______.
A.very well B.much better C.very good D.even worse
43. With the development of modern industry,there will be______living space for wild animals.
A.fewer and fewer B.less and less C.more and more D.bigger and bigger
44.______we work at English,the better grades we will get.
A. Harder B. The hardest C. Hardest D. The harder
45-Which is the longest river in China,the Changjiang River or the Yellow River?
－The Changjiang River. The Yellow River is______river in China.
A. the second longest B.the second longer
C.a second longest D.the second long
46. -How tall he is!
－Yes,he is______than any other student in his class.
A.tall B.taller C.tallest
47. -Who has_______marks in English, Wang Lin, Zhang Fang mor Li Hong?
－Li Hong.
A.good B.better C.best D.the best
48. -Which is the______season of a year?
－Summer.
A.hot B.hotter C.hottest
49. -Which month has _____days in a year?
－February.
A. few B.little C.the least D.the fewest
50. -Which city is your favorite?
－Hangzhou,of course. It's the_____place that I want to visit.
A.worse B.worst C.better D.best






参考答案：
一．1.polite 2.heavily 3.proud 4.carefully 5.the most comfortable

二.1-5DCBBD 6-10DDDAD 11-15AAADC 16-20CBDBA 21-25DDDBB
26-30ABCDA 31-35CBACD 36-40ADBCB 41-45ADBDA 46-50BDCDD