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北京市西城区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市西城区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了5 分)，5 分，共 6 分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷
高一英语
本试卷共16页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(共75分)
Ⅰ.听力理解(共三节，22.5 分)
第一节: (共 4 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，共 6 分)
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. How much will the woman lend the man?
A. 100 yuan. B. 200 yuan. C. 300 yuan.
2. Why doesn’t the woman eat dessert?
A. Because she can’t get any.
B. Because she doesn’t like it.
C. Because she has a stomachache.
3. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Workmates. B. Relatives. C. Classmates.
4 Which club will the man probably join?
A. The Basketball Club. B. The Painting Club. C. The Robot Club.
第二节:(共 6 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 9 分)
听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第 5 段材料，回答第 5 至第 6 小题。
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. An email. B. A project. C. A college.
6. What do we know about the man?
A. He has made some new friends.
B. He has already finished the video project.
C. He wants to know other students in the college.
听第6段材料，回答第 7 至第 8 小题。
7. What does the man prefer?
A. Reading real books.
B. Reading on his phone.
C. Reading on computers.
8. What will be the topic of their speech?
A. New ways of reading.
B. Disadvantages of digital reading.
C. Changes of people’s reading habits.
听第7 段材料，回答第 9 至第 10 小题。
9. What is the man doing?
A. Offering help. B. Asking for advice. C. Making an apology.
10. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The man is working full time.
B. The man has decided to quit his job.
C. The man has seen the course introduction.
第三节：(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分)
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第 11 题至第 15 题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。
Introduction to Ecolife Agricultural Park
Aim
to give educational opportunities to the 11
to awaken interest in plant life
to provide visitors enjoyment
Areas
Green Ranch
We 12 different animals.
Fish 13
Many of the fish are for 14 .
Angel Garden
A wide variety of 15 are grown.
II.完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 22.5 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nixon, 59 years old, was born and grew up in St. Petersburg. Each morning, he sits on a bench, watches the sunrise, and connects with___1___from all walks of life.
Eight years ago, he decided to begin each day from a bench with an impressive view of the St. Petersburg waterfront (圣彼得堡海滨), because it made him feel calm and___2___before starting his day.
About a year later, a woman stopped to say hello, and she said something that___3___Nixon’s view on his daily visit. She said, “Every morning when I see you sitting here, I know everything is going to be OK.” That’s when Nixon___4___he needed to pay attention to the people walking past.
Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started___5___at people and talking to them. And pretty soon, some early risers began___6___him on the bench, sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems.
No matter what problem a person wants to___7___, Nixon lends an ear. One day, a couple came by to talk about their problems. The husband was always working. It was ruining their___8___. Nixon told him, “You have to know what’s really important.” The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his___9___for many years instead of focusing on his family. “He started to cry and agreed that he needed to____10____,” Nixon says, “We hugged each other and became friends after that.”
Nixon was always happy to listen, and he listens without____11____and without any kind of return expected. “You have to listen with an open heart, because you never know who’s going to walk up,” Nixon says. He is a loving and loyal____12____to many. For those who walked past the bench, they were always____13____with a smile and asked how they were doing.
No topic is off limits, but some people don’t want to talk. They simply want to sit next to someone and share the ____14____. Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour; then she said thanks and walked away. She just wanted a moment of peace and to know she wasn’t____15____. And at that moment, she truly wasn’t.
1. A. teenagers B. relatives C. strangers D. neighbors
2. A. peaceful B. excited C. proud D. surprised
3. A. formed B. changed C. developed D. supported
4. A. agreed B. realized C. imagined D. remembered
5. A. pointing B. laughing C. shouting D. smiling
6. A. joining B. noticing C. leaving D. praising
7. A. air B. face C. hear D. create
8. A. fame B. success C. marriage D. privacy
9. A. health B. hobbies C. kids D. job
10. A. give up B. calm down C. speak up D. slow down
11. A. emotion B. consideration C. judgment D. interest
12. A. guide B. teacher C. friend D. workmate
13. A. hugged B. greeted C. competed D. satisfied
14. A. secrets B. worries C. happiness D. silence
15. A. sad B. alone C. stressed D. hopeless
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了59岁的Nixon每天早上坐在长椅上和路过的行人打招呼，聊天，带给了大家快乐，然后成为朋友的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，他坐在长椅上，看日出，与各行各业的陌生人交流。A. teenagers青少年；B. relatives亲戚；C. strangers陌生人；D. neighbors邻居。根据下文“from all walks of life (来自各行各业的)”可知，这些来自各行各业的人应该只是他坐在长椅上见到的陌生人。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：八年前，他决定每天从一张可以看到圣彼得堡海滨美景的长椅开始，因为这让他在开始一天的工作之前感到平静和安宁。A. peaceful平和的；B. excited兴奋的；C. proud自豪的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据上文“calm”可知，Nixon在开始一天的工作前坐在长椅上感受平静和安宁。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一年后，一位女士停下来打招呼，她说了些事情，这改变了尼克松对自己的每日例行访问的看法。A. formed构成；B. changed改变；C. developed发展；D. supported支持。根据下文“That’s when Nixon realized he needed to pay attention to the people walking past.(那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。)”可知，这位女士和他的互动使得他的长椅例行访问注意点发生改变，由感受这座城市转为关注行人。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. imagined想象；D. remembered记起。根据下文“Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started smiling at people and talking to them. (尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。)”可知，他之所以改变自己的行为，是因为他意识到了什么。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。A. pointing指出；B. laughing大笑；C. shouting大喊；D. smiling微笑。根据下文“And pretty soon, some early risers began joining him on the bench, sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems.(很快，一些早起的人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。)”可知，尼克斯逐渐和这些人建立起了良好关系，这说明他对他们很友好，因此可推测他朝着人们微笑。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，一些早起人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。A. joining加入；B. noticing注意；C. leaving离开；D. praising表扬。根据下文最后一段的“They simply want to sit next to someone (他们只是想要坐在某个人的旁边)”可知，这些人加入他的行列，坐在长椅上和他聊天。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管一个人想要公开的是什么问题，尼克松都会倾听。A. air使通风，使公开；B. face面对；C. hear听到；D. create创造。根据下文“Nixon was always happy to listen (尼克松总是很喜欢倾听)”可知，文章反复提及他愿意倾听人们诉说的各种问题，而这个前提是人们愿意向他公开。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这正在毁掉他们的婚姻。A. fame名声；B. success成功；C. marriage婚姻；D. privacy隐私。根据下文“The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his job for many years instead of focusing on his family. (这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。)”可知，只顾工作，不管家庭，可能毁掉的应该是家庭。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。A. health健康；B. hobbies爱好；C. kids孩子；D. job工作；根据上文“The husband was always working. (丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人把精力都投入在工作上了。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：“他开始哭，而且也赞同他需要放缓速度，”尼克松说：“我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。” A. give up放弃；B. calm down冷静下来；C. speak up明确表态；D. slow down放缓。根据上文“The husband was always working. (丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人太忙于工作了，得放缓速度，抽出时间来关注家人。故选D项。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼克松总是乐于倾听，他没有评价，也没有任何预期的回应。A. emotion情绪；B. consideration考虑；C. judgment评价；D. interest兴趣；根据下文“without any kind of return expected (没有任何预期的回应)”可知，尼克松做的只是单纯的倾听，不评价，不从自身出发回应。故选C项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对很多人而言，他都是一个有爱的，忠诚的朋友。A. guide导游；B. teacher老师；C. friend朋友；D. workmate同事。根据上文“we hugged each other and became friends after that. (我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。)”可知，尼克松和这些陌生人成为了朋友。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于那些走过长椅的人，他们总是面带微笑地打招呼，并问他们过得怎么样。A. hugged拥抱；B. greeted打招呼；C. competed竞争；D. satisfied使满意。根据下文“with a smile and asked how they were doing (面带微笑，并问他们过得怎么样)”可知，这是尼克松和路过的行人之间的互动，打招呼和交谈。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想坐在某人旁边，并且共享这寂静。A. secrets秘密；B. worries担忧；C. happiness幸福；D. silence寂静。根据下文“Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour; then she said thanks and walked away. (有一次，一个女人停下来，和尼克松坐了一个小时；然后她说了声谢谢就走了。)”可知，类似的情况下，两个人不说话保持沉默，那么可想而知很安静。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她只是想要片刻的平和，并且想知道她自己并不孤单。A. sad悲伤的；B. alone孤独的；C. stressed紧张的；D. hopeless不抱希望的。根据下文“And at that moment, she truly wasn’t. (那一刻，她确实不孤独。)”可知，她只是想知道自己并不孤单。故选B项。
III.阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Recreational Sports Membership
Ohio State University has some of the best recreation facilities (设施) in the country. Our Recreation and Physical Activity Center (RPAC) has opened in the past 10 years, whose facilities and programs are designed to fit all your needs and schedule.
RPAC Membership Rights
A membership is your ticket to take advantage of all the facilities and programs.
Classes and programs
Group fitness, sport clubs and outdoor adventure programs are only available to current RPAC members. You can attend unlimited free group fitness classes as part of your membership. An extra payment will be required if you prefer personal training classes.
Guests and Family Participation
Members may sponsor up to two guests during a visit. A daily guest pass is required for each guest to enter RPAC, and members must be present at the time of buying a pass. The pass is accepted at all facilities for unlimited re-entries in a one-day period.
RPAC aims to offer a family-friendly environment. Members are able to enjoy quality time with their families free of charge in a variety of family-friendly accommodations, including family changing rooms, the Lounge game room, and Leisure pool.
Locker and Towel Rental
RPAC offers full-service men’s and women’s locker rooms featuring large and medium size lockers, which can be rented either monthly or yearly. RPAC towel service is available in addition to day lockers at various locations throughout the facility.
RPAC Membership Responsibilities
In an effort to create a welcoming and safe environment for all members, you have the responsibility to follow the following policies:
Filming and photography in the facilities must be approved in advance.
Cell phone photography and video are not permitted in locker rooms.
Fighting and rough play are not permitted in all facilities.
Shoes are required in all public areas of all indoor facilities, except for locker rooms and swimming pools.
All equipment checked-out from RPAC must be returned at the required check-in time. You may be charged for the equipment returned late or damaged.
Please contact member services if you have any other questions about your RPAC membership.
16. What can a RPAC member do for free?
A. Enjoy family time in Leisure pool.
B. Attend personal training classes.
C. Use a locker for a whole year.
D. Take a guest to all facilities.
17. Which is one of the member’s responsibilities?
A. Wearing shoes in all public areas.
B. No cell phone use in locker rooms.
C. No filming and photography in all areas.
D. Returning checked-out equipment on time.
18. The passage is probably taken from ______.
A. a university website B. a research paper
C. a science magazine D. a government report
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的娱乐健身中心及其会员权利。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Guests and Family Participation ”中第二段第二句“Members are able to enjoy quality time with their families free of charge in a variety of family-friendly accommodations, including family changing rooms, the Lounge game room, and Leisure pool. ”（在我们提供的多种服务设施中，会员可以免费享受和家人的黄金时光，包括家庭更衣室，休息游戏室，休闲池。）可知，会员及家人使用休闲池是免费的。故选A项。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据“RPAC Membership Responsibilities ”中第六段第一句“All equipment checked-out from RPAC must be returned at the required check-in time. ”（所有的RPAC的退房设备必须在规定时间内归还。）可知，必须准时归还所有的设备。故选D项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句 “Ohio State University has some of the best recreation facilities (设施) in the country. ”（俄亥俄州立大学拥有一些美国最好的消遣娱乐设施）并结合文章对RPAC的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了大学的娱乐健身中心，最可能出现在大学网站上。故选A项。
B
A child science genius(天才)has wowed his professors and classmates by becoming a college graduate at the age of 13. Elliott Tanner recently graduated from the University of Minnesota with a bachelor’s (学士) degree in physics, with a minor in mathematics.
Elliott’s parents are very proud of the hard work and devotion he showed to get his degree at such a young age and are pleased that he has become an inspiration to lots of people. Elliott’s mom said, “He also inspires us to be better people every day.”
Elliott’s parents first realized their son was gifted at the age 3, when he displayed amazing language and math skills. It became clear that a traditional education experience would not be a good fit for him. Elliott was then homeschooled by his parents. “Elliott ended up learning and using information quicker than we could provide it,” his mother added.
By age 9, Elliott had already completed most of the normal high school courses, and his parents were struggling to keep up with him. So they sent him to the local community college, where Elliott really developed his passion (热爱) for physics. “For a long time, I wanted to be a mathematician,” Elliott said. “Then I was introduced to a physics class, and that really inspired me to learn more about the secrets of the world.”
When he was 11 years old, Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota to start studying physics and math. Although his college experience is a little different from that of his classmates, Elliott still hangs out with his peers in the student lounge, discussing homework, debating physics topics or watching movies. Being with people that are just as passionate about physics as he is has been pleasing enough for him.
One of the biggest challenges Elliott and his family have faced is criticism online from people who make judgments about what his life must be like. Many people believe he can’t have many social skills. However, Elliott has always enjoyed interacting with kids his own age. He loves playing with other neighborhood children, and just like the other kids, Elliott goes trick-or-treating on Halloween, but in an academic way: He dresses up as Albert Einstein, his favorite scientist.
Elliott has been accepted into the University of Minnesota’s PhD program and will start his study next year. In the future, Elliott aims to be a professor at the University of Minnesota and become an expert in physics. “I can’t wait to get started,” he said.
19. What did Elliott’s parents do when they realized he was gifted?
A. They sent him to a normal high school.
B. They asked for advice from universities.
C. They taught him by themselves at home.
D. They helped him fit into traditional education.
20. When Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota, he ______.
A. discovered his passion for physics
B. enjoyed staying with his classmates
C. dressed up as Albert Einstein in class
D. refused to play with kids his own age
21. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Elliott has few social skills.
B. Elliott loves exploring the world.
C. Elliott has no talent for language.
D. Elliott hopes to be a mathematician.
22. From Elliott’s story, we know that ______.
A. physics is the most important subject
B. children should be educated at home
C. geniuses need support just as we do
D. the earlier kids start school, the better
【答案】19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介讲述美国神童9岁上大学，13岁被博士班录取，梦想成为理论物理学家。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It became clear that a traditional education experience would not be a good fit for him. Elliott was then homeschooled by his parents. (很明显，传统的教育经历并不适合他。埃利奥特在家里接受父母的教育。)”可知，埃利奥特的父母发现他有天赋后，他们在家自己教他。故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“When he was 11 years old, Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota to start studying physics and math. Although his college experience is a little different from that of his classmates, Elliott still hangs out with his peers in the student lounge, discussing homework, debating physics topics or watching movies. Being with people that are just as passionate about physics as he is has been pleasing enough for him. (11岁时，埃利奥特搬到明尼苏达大学开始学习物理和数学。尽管他的大学经历与他的同学们有些不同，但埃利奥特仍然和他的同学们在学生休息室闲逛，讨论作业，辩论物理话题或看电影。和他一样对物理充满热情的人在一起对他来说已经足够愉快了。)”可知，当埃利奥特搬到明尼苏达大学时，他喜欢和同学呆在一起。故选B。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Then I was introduced to a physics class, and that really inspired me to learn more about the secrets of the world. (后来我被介绍上了一门物理课，这真的激励了我去了解更多关于世界的秘密。)”可知，埃利奥特喜欢探索世界。故选B。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Elliott was then homeschooled by his parents. (埃利奥特在家里接受父母的教育。)” 和第六段“One of the biggest challenges Elliott and his family have faced is criticism online from people who make judgments about what his life must be like.(埃利奥特和他的家人面临的最大挑战之一是网上那些对他的生活做出判断的人的批评。)”可推断，从艾略特的故事中，我们知道天才和我们一样需要家人和社会的支持。故选C。
C
If you’re tired of your phone, you’re not alone. People receive between around 60 and 80 daily notifications (通知) on average, and some of us may get as many as 200. These seemingly endless dings and buzzes can really affect our wellbeing. Research has linked them to depression and anxiety, and they may even cause problems associated with ADHD (多动症).
These outcomes may result from the fact that frequent phone interruptions increase our cognitive load (认知负荷), or the amount of information processed by the working memory. We only have so much mental capacity, and the extra effort it takes to switch between tasks can make us tired, less focused and disrupt (扰乱) emotional regulation. Additionally, in this state, we even experience a less accurate perception of time—we feel time is passing faster than in reality, which would eventually lead us to overlook results and cause hurried decisions, for example, buying a pricey dress without thinking it through.
With the fact that cell phone notifications can mess with our brains, scientists have sought out ways to counteract these effects. One possible solution: Scheduling notifications into batches (批次) that arrive at certain times of the day with the help of certain apps. For example, you could choose to keep things quiet except for at 7 am, noon and 5 pm to go with waking up, taking a lunch break and heading home from school. In a 2019 study, researchers assigned 237 participants (参与者) into three groups, including those who received all their notifications three times a day, hourly, or none at all. The three-times-a-day group said they felt more productive, attentive, in a better mood and in greater control of their phones than the other two groups, while the notification-free group experienced more anxiety and fear of missing out.
Besides, some researchers have argued that more personalized user design is possible. Developers should pay attention to how people interact with their devices. With the help of a machine learning model, our phone can automatically learn from our past behavior what types of notification we want to receive first, such as messages from relatives. Thus, certain notifications can be delivered at suitable times.
This highly individualized method could be beneficial, but more individuality means more phone monitoring, which introduces yet another problem: In the struggle to free ourselves from tech addiction, it isn’t clear whether more monitoring is the solution, or just adding more fuel to the fire.
23. What is the possible result of frequent phone notifications?
A. The working memory processes less information.
B. Time passes faster than what we are usually used to.
C. We tend to have distraction and emotional disruptions.
D. We weigh the possible results before making decisions.
24. What do we know about the 2019 study?
A. The study lasted three years.
B. The comparative method was used.
C. The none-at-all group felt more productive.
D. Participants were addicted to their mobile phones.
25. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Depression and anxiety lead us to rely on our phones.
B. Adding extra phone monitoring can free us from tech addiction.
C. The fewer phone notifications received, the better we control our phones.
D. Personalized user design helps phones decide what notifications come first.
26. What is the purpose of writing this passage?
A. To warn us against the phone overuse.
B To draw our attention to the problems of ADHD.
C. To stress the importance of controlling our phones.
D. To discuss ways to handle frequent phone notifications.
【答案】23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了电话通知过多给人体造成了不良影响，并探讨了产生的原因和解决措施。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一二句“These outcomes may result from the fact that frequent phone interruptions increase our cognitive load (认知负荷), or the amount of information processed by the working memory. We only have so much mental capacity, and the extra effort it takes to switch between tasks can make us tired, less focused and disrupt (扰乱) emotional regulation. (这些结果可能是由于频繁的电话中断增加了我们的认知负荷，或由工作记忆处理的信息量。我们只有这么多的脑力，在不同任务之间转换所需的额外努力会使我们感到疲惫、注意力不集中，并且扰乱情绪调节。)”可知，频繁的电话通知会增加工作记忆需要处理的信息量，因此脑力有限的我们会感到疲惫、注意力不集中，并且扰乱情绪调节。故选C项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“In a 2019 study, researchers assigned 237 participants (参与者) into three groups, including those who received all their notifications three times a day, hourly, or none at all. (在2019年的一项研究中，研究人员将237名参与者分为三组，包括那些一天三次收到通知、每小时收到通知或根本没有收到通知的人。)”可知，参与者被分为三组，即对比分析法在这个研究中被使用。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides, some researchers have argued that more personalized user design is possible. Developers should pay attention to how people interact with their devices. With the help of a machine learning model, our phone can automatically learn from our past behavior what types of notification we want to receive first, such as messages from relatives. Thus, certain notifications can be delivered at suitable times. (此外，一些研究人员认为，更个性化的用户设计是可能的。开发人员应该注意人们如何与他们的设备互动。在机器学习模型的帮助下，我们的手机可以自动从我们过去的行为中了解我们希望首先收到什么类型的通知，例如来自亲戚的消息。因此，可以在适当的时间发送某些通知。)”可知，一些研究人员的观点表明个性化的用户设计可能能够帮助手机设定什么样的通知先发送。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“People receive between around 60 and 80 daily notifications (通知) on average, and some of us may get as many as 200. (平均而言，人们每天收到大约60到80条通知，我们中的一些人可能会得到200条之多。)”可知，本文第一段指出手机通知过多这一问题现状；根据第二段第一句“These outcomes may result from the fact that frequent phone interruptions increase our cognitive load (认知负荷), or the amount of information processed by the working memory. (这些结果可能是由于频繁的电话中断增加了我们的认知负荷, 或由工作记忆处理的信息量。)”可知，第二段探讨这一问题出现的原因；根据第三段第一句“With the fact that cell phone notifications can mess with our brains, scientists have sought out ways to counteract these effects. (由于手机通知会干扰我们的大脑，科学家们已经找到了抵消这些影响的方法。)”可知，后三段则探讨解决这一问题的办法，即解决问题的办法才是本文的重中之重，即写作目的。故选D项。
D
Students meet at the university campus for classes during their 20s. This classical model of time, action and place has traditionally produced famous universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalization of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the Internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with fast development of technology. Universities must realize that learning in the 20s won’t be enough.
By teaching foundational knowledge and up-to-date skills, universities need to provide students with the future-proof skills of lifelong learning, not just get them ‘job-ready’. Some universities already play an important role in lifelong learning as they want to keep the value of their diplomas (文凭). This new role comes with a huge set of challenges and needs largely to be invented. One way to start this transformation process could be to go beyond the ‘diploma model’ to adapt university education to lifelong learning. We call this model the lifelong learning passport.
The Bachelor’s degree could be students’ passport to lifelong learning. For the first few years, students would ‘learn to learn’ and get endowed with reasoning skills that remain with them for the rest of their lives. For instance, physics allows students to observe and integrate (融合) observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. Mathematics is the language used to develop the laws of physics or economy. These two subjects naturally form the basic pillars (支柱) of education in technical universities.
Recent advances in computational methods and data science push us into rethinking science and engineering. Computers increasingly become the most important actors in processing data and formulating questions, which requires completely new ways of reasoning. Therefore, a new subject integrating computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning technical subjects all your life.
According to this new model, the Master of Science (MSc) would become the first stamp in the lifelong learning journey. The new MSc diploma becomes a set of accomplished projects and a list of technical skills. It is open-ended and must be updated throughout life, as technologies and their applications change faster than ever.
Universities have a fundamental role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change. The old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not supporting its abolition (废除) but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today.
27. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. Technological development challenges the university model.
B. The classical model serves famous universities well.
C. Students don’t meet at campus due to digitalization.
D. Universities continue to improve worker skills.
28. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. The students get a lifelong passport with a Bachelor’s degree.
B. The three pillars help with continuous learning in technology.
C. Physics and mathematics are enough for learning technology.
D. MSc programmes are the most important for lifelong learning.
29. What does the underlined phrase “get endowed with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Be concerned with. B. Make room for.
C. Be equipped with. D. Make preparations for.
30. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Changes to university projects
B. Importance of Lifelong Learning
C Development of Further Education
D. Necessity to Adapt University Model
【答案】27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为何大学应采用终身学习的新模式以适应时代需要。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“This classical model of time, action and place has traditionally produced famous universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalization of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the Internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with fast development of technology. (这种时间、行为和地点的经典模式传统上造就了著名的大学，但现在它受到了社会数字化的挑战——它允许每个连接到互联网的人都能获得学习的机会——以及需要获得与技术快速发展同步的技能。)”可知，本段主要介绍技术发展对大学模式的挑战。故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Therefore, a new subject integrating computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning technical subjects all your life. (因此，在传统的数学和物理基础学科之外，应该增加一门集计算机科学、编程、统计学和机器学习于一体的新学科。这三大支柱将使你一生都能不断学习技术科目。)”可知，三大支柱有助于技术的持续学习。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文举例“For instance, physics allows students to observe and integrate (融合) observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. (例如，物理学允许学生观察并将观察结果整合到模型中，有时，将模型整合到可以用于预测的理论或定律中。)”可知，学生们将“学会学习”，并被赋予了推理技能。所以get endowed with为“赋予；具备”之意。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Universities have a fundamental role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change. The old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not supporting its abolition (废除) but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today.(在这一过程中，大学扮演着重要角色，高等教育也将迎来变革。旧的大学模式为社会培养人才和价值。我们不支持废除它，而是呼吁调整它的特点以满足今天的需要。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍为何大学应采用终身学习的新模式以适应时代需要。所以“Necessity to Adapt University Model(调整大学模式的必要性)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷(共 65 分)
Ⅰ.选词填空(共 7 小题;每小题 2 分，共 14 分)
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
able, care, cheer, annual, challenge, benefit, kind
31. She told me to be ______ and look on the bright side.
32. Growing up in a big city, he found living in the village was ______.
33. The music festival is held ______ in Shanghai. I go there to enjoy music every year.
34. There are many ______ of doing sports. For example, it can reduce stress.
35. The accident was due to ______ driving.
36. Listening to music ______ us to feel relaxed.
37. You should not take advantage of his ______ by demanding too much.
【答案】31. cheerful
32. challenging
33. annually
34. benefits
35. careless
36. enables
37. kindness
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她告诉我要乐观，要往好的方面看。句中be动词后用形容词作表语。形容词cheerful为“高兴的；快乐的”之意。结合句意，故填cheerful。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在大城市长大的他发现在农村生活很有挑战性。句中was后用形容词作表语。形容词challenging为“具有挑战性的”之意。结合句意，故填challenging。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：这个音乐节每年在上海举行一次。我每年都去那里欣赏音乐。句中用副词作状语。副词annually为“每年”之意。结合句意，故填annually。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：做运动有很多好处。例如，它可以减轻压力。名词benefit为“好处”之意。形容词many后接可数名词的复数形式。结合句意，故填benefits。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这起事故是由于粗心驾驶造成的。名词driving前用形容词修饰。形容词careless为“粗心的”之意。结合句意，故填careless。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：听音乐能使我们感到放松。动词enable为“使能够”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合句意，故填enables。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：你不应该利用他的善良而要求太多。形容词物主代词his后接名词形式。不可数名词kindness为“好意、善良”之意。结合句意，故填kindness。
II.语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
在未给提示词的空白处填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38. Tony ______ (travel) to the village school with an eager heart in 2010. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】travelled
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：2010年，托尼怀着一颗渴望的心去了乡村学校。分析句意可知，谓语动词travel“到...旅行”需要使用一般过去时，因为时间状语2010为过去的时间。故填travelled。
39. Is it possible that human workers ______ (replace) by robots in the near future? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be replaced
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：有没有可能在不久的将来人类工人将会被机器人取代？分析句意可知此处主语human workers “人类工人”和谓语动词replace“取代”构成被动关系，且时间状语in the near future表明谓语动词使用一般将来时，故谓语动词需要使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be replaced。
40. As a tradition, all the family members gather together ______ (celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to celebrate
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为传统，所有的家庭成员聚在一起庆祝中秋节。用不定式在句中作目的状语。根据句意，故填to celebrate。
41. The park ______is in the center of town has beautiful, big trees. （用适当的单词填空）
【答案】which/ that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：位于镇中心的公园有美丽的大树。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the park，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/ that引导定语从句。故填which/ that。
42. Last year, hundreds of companies ______ (attract) to the International Import Expo. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were attracted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：去年，数百家公司被吸引去参加国际进口博览会。根据句意可知，此处需要谓语动词，时间状语是“Last year”，要用一般过去时。主语“hundreds of companies ”和“attract”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done, 主语是复数,所以be动词用were。故填were attracted。
43. This project can offer valuable help to students ______ have difficulties in getting certain knowledge. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个项目可以为学习某些知识有困难的学生提供有价值的帮助。句中先行词为students ，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。根据句意，故填who/that。
44. Although they were ______ (disappoint) at the result of the game, they knew the experience was worth more than any prize. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】disappointed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管他们对比赛的结果感到失望，但他们知道这一经历比任何奖品都更有价值。分析句意可知，此处动词disappoint“使失望”需要改为形容词形式disappointed作表语，表示“他们”的心情是感到失望的。故填disappointed。
45. If you’d like some inspiration, we have a lot of speakers ______ lectures can give you some awesome ideas. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果你想要一些灵感，我们有很多演讲者，他们的讲座可以给你一些很棒的想法。f分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行词为speakers，且从句中缺少名词lectures的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
46. Scientists all over the world are seeking a good way ______ (prevent) depression. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to prevent
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：全世界的科学家都在寻找一种预防抑郁症的好方法。way to do sth.做某事的方法。根据句意，故填to prevent。
47. Before moving to London, I thought city life must be ______ (excite) and full of surprises. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exciting
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在搬到伦敦之前，我以为城市生活一定令人兴奋，充满惊喜。空处应用形容词作表语，修饰主语city life，所以用-ing形式形容词修饰物，exciting表示“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。
III.完成句子(共 5 小题; 第 63、64 题每题 2 分, 第 65、66、67 题每题 3 分,共 13 分)
根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 他们在湖边搭起了一个帐篷。(put up) (汉译英)
【答案】They put up a tent by the lake.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。 put up搭建；by the lake在湖边。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为They put up a tent by the lake.
49. 我将努力准时到达。(make an effort) (汉译英)
【答案】I will make an effort to arrive on time.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“我”译作人称代词主格I；“努力”译作词组make an effort，因表示将来的动作，故使用一般将来时；“准时”译作词组on time；“到达”译作不及物动词arrive。故答案为I will make an effort to arrive on time。
50. 我们要关注自己身边发生的变化。(focus on) (汉译英)
【答案】We should focus on the changes that/which are taking place around us.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。“我们要关注变化”为主句，“自己身边发生的变化”写成定语从句，focus on关注；take place发生。句中先行词为the changes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。从句表示正在发生的事情，所以用现在进行时。主句用情态动词should，表示“应该，应当”。根据句意，故翻译为We should focus on the changes that/which are taking place around us.
51. 一进博物馆，那漂亮的海报就吸引了我的目光。(catch one’s eye) (汉译英)
【答案】That new poster caught my eye as soon as I entered the museum.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词词组和从句。“一进博物馆”，其实就是主句主语“我”发出的动作，因此可译作用连词as soon as “一...就”引导时间状语从句“I entered the museum”放在主句之后；“那漂亮的海报”可译作名词短语that new poster，做主句主语；“就吸引了我的目光”可译作动词词组catch my eye，因动作已发生，谓语动词catch使用一般过去时需要使用的过去式形式，caught。故答案为That new poster caught my eye as soon as I entered the museum。
52. 如果你对这个活动感兴趣，请下周一之前来报名。(sign up) (汉译英)
【答案】If you’re interested in this activity, please come to sign up for it before next Monday.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和状语从句。be interested in对……感兴趣；come to来到；sign up for登记报名；next Monday下周一。根据句意，用if引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。根据句意，故翻译为If you’re interested in this activity, please come to sign up for it before next Monday.
IV.阅读表达(共 4 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 8 分)
阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. Take going to the toilet in a restaurant, for example. I can find my way there easily enough because there are signs pointing me in the right direction. But getting back to my table is another story. After all, there are no helpful signs saying, “This is where you were sitting less than five minutes ago”.
However, rather than accept the situation of myself frequently walking into cupboards and backtracking down dead ends, I’m determined to give my sense of direction a much-needed improvement.
Nowadays, of course, it’s easy to rely on GPS (全球卫星定位系统)to find your way. But if you really want to improve your sense of direction, it’s a good idea to count on yourself.
Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits—not least because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at electronic maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together.
Paying full attention is key, too. It’s important to notice what’s around you—in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant.
Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. It’s all too easy to be anxious and afraid if you imagine you may be lost—but this sudden feeling of anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term.
Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So now’s the time to start exploring!
53. Why is the writer interested in the topic of how to improve your sense of direction? (不多于9个单词)
_________________________________________________________________
54. When is it particularly useful to notice what’s around you? (不多于6个单词)
_________________________________________________________________
55. What is the benefit of getting lost? (不多于12个单词)
_________________________________________________________________
56. Nowadays people are increasingly relying on GPS to find their way. What do you think of that? (单词数不限)
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】53. Because his/her own sense of direction is absolutely terrible.
54. When you’re on the return journey.
55. To discover new places. / To add more detail to that ever-growing mental map.
56. While GPS makes it easy for us to find our way around, it can fail, break and leave us high and dry. So we can’t rely too much on GPS to find our way.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们如何培养自己的方向感。
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. (我对研究如何提高方向感这个话题非常感兴趣，因为我自己的方向感非常糟糕。)”可知，作者对如何提高方向感这个话题感兴趣，是因为他/她自己的方向感非常糟糕。故答案为Because his/her own sense of direction is absolutely terrible.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. (这在你回程的时候尤其有用——即使只是从餐馆的厕所里找路回来。)”可知，当你在回程的时候注意周围的事物特别有用。故答案为When you’re on the return journey.
【55题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第六段“Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. (此外，迷路是发现新地方的最好方法之一，也能给不断扩大的大脑地图增添更多细节——从长远来看，这两种方法都能帮助你变得“方向感更聪明”。)”可知，迷路可以帮助我们去发现新的地方，也能够为不断扩大的大脑地图增添更多细节。故答案为To discover new places. / To add more detail to that ever-growing mental map.
【56题详解】
开放题。要求考生评价现在人们越来越依赖GPS来找路的现象，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为While GPS makes it easy for us to find our way around, it can fail, break and leave us high and dry. So we can’t rely too much on GPS to find our way.
V.书面表达(20分)
57. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他们学校的国际文化周要开始了，他们班将要举办一次中国文化展。因此，他向你询求建议，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐展示的内容及形式；
2. 陈述推荐理由。
注意：1.词数不少于 50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s a great delight to hear that your class is going to promote Chinese Culture! Chinese culture is splendid with many unique elements, and I’m glad to recommend some of them to you.
I think you can hold a small exhibition with both traditional and modern Chinese culture elements on display. For example, different Huawei phones and models of bullet trains can be shown on shelves, while a hands-on area can also be provided, where students can try to make their own paper cuts and dumplings. In this way, the advanced technology of modern China, together with its long-lasting traditional culture, can definitely attract students and meet different needs.
Above are some of my ideas that I hope can be helpful. I wish this activity great success and please let me know how it goes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友 Jim 回复一封邮件，向他推荐中国文化展展示的内容及形式，并陈述推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴：delight →pleasure
极好的：splendid→ magnificent
例如：for example→for instance
同……一起：together with →along with
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Chinese culture is splendid with many unique elements, and I’m glad to recommend some of them to you.
拓展句：Chinese culture is splendid with many unique elements, some of which I’m glad to recommend to you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, different Huawei phones and models of bullet trains can be shown on shelves, while a hands-on area can also be provided, where students can try to make their own paper cuts and dumplings.（运用了while引导状语从句和where引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Above are some of my ideas that I hope can be helpful.（运用了倒装句和that引导的限制性定语从句）
北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷
高一英语
本试卷共16页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(共75分)
Ⅰ.听力理解(共三节，22.5 分)
第一节: (共 4 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，共 6 分)
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. How much will the woman lend the man?
A. 100 yuan. B. 200 yuan. C. 300 yuan.
2. Why doesn’t the woman eat dessert?
A. Because she can’t get any.
B. Because she doesn’t like it.
C. Because she has a stomachache.
3. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Workmates. B. Relatives. C. Classmates.
4 Which club will the man probably join?
A. The Basketball Club. B. The Painting Club. C. The Robot Club.
第二节:(共 6 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 9 分)
听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第 5 段材料，回答第 5 至第 6 小题。
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. An email. B. A project. C. A college.
6. What do we know about the man?
A. He has made some new friends.
B. He has already finished the video project.
C. He wants to know other students in the college.
听第6段材料，回答第 7 至第 8 小题。
7. What does the man prefer?
A. Reading real books.
B. Reading on his phone.
C. Reading on computers.
8. What will be the topic of their speech?
A. New ways of reading.
B. Disadvantages of digital reading.
C. Changes of people’s reading habits.
听第7 段材料，回答第 9 至第 10 小题。
9. What is the man doing?
A. Offering help. B. Asking for advice. C. Making an apology.
10. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The man is working full time.
B. The man has decided to quit his job.
C. The man has seen the course introduction.
第三节：(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分)
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第 11 题至第 15 题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。
Introduction to Ecolife Agricultural Park
Aim
to give educational opportunities to the 11
to awaken interest in plant life
to provide visitors enjoyment
Areas
Green Ranch
We 12 different animals.
Fish 13
Many of the fish are for 14 .
Angel Garden
A wide variety of 15 are grown.
II.完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 22.5 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nixon, 59 years old, was born and grew up in St. Petersburg. Each morning, he sits on a bench, watches the sunrise, and connects with___1___from all walks of life.
Eight years ago, he decided to begin each day from a bench with an impressive view of the St. Petersburg waterfront (圣彼得堡海滨), because it made him feel calm and___2___before starting his day.
About a year later, a woman stopped to say hello, and she said something that___3___Nixon’s view on his daily visit. She said, “Every morning when I see you sitting here, I know everything is going to be OK.” That’s when Nixon___4___he needed to pay attention to the people walking past.
Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started___5___at people and talking to them. And pretty soon, some early risers began___6___him on the bench, sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems.
No matter what problem a person wants to___7___, Nixon lends an ear. One day, a couple came by to talk about their problems. The husband was always working. It was ruining their___8___. Nixon told him, “You have to know what’s really important.” The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his___9___for many years instead of focusing on his family. “He started to cry and agreed that he needed to____10____,” Nixon says, “We hugged each other and became friends after that.”
Nixon was always happy to listen, and he listens without____11____and without any kind of return expected. “You have to listen with an open heart, because you never know who’s going to walk up,” Nixon says. He is a loving and loyal____12____to many. For those who walked past the bench, they were always____13____with a smile and asked how they were doing.
No topic is off limits, but some people don’t want to talk. They simply want to sit next to someone and share the ____14____. Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour; then she said thanks and walked away. She just wanted a moment of peace and to know she wasn’t____15____. And at that moment, she truly wasn’t.
1. A. teenagers B. relatives C. strangers D. neighbors
2. A. peaceful B. excited C. proud D. surprised
3. A. formed B. changed C. developed D. supported
4. A. agreed B. realized C. imagined D. remembered
5. A. pointing B. laughing C. shouting D. smiling
6. A. joining B. noticing C. leaving D. praising
7. A. air B. face C. hear D. create
8. A. fame B. success C. marriage D. privacy
9. A. health B. hobbies C. kids D. job
10. A. give up B. calm down C. speak up D. slow down
11. A. emotion B. consideration C. judgment D. interest
12. A. guide B. teacher C. friend D. workmate
13. A. hugged B. greeted C. competed D. satisfied
14. A. secrets B. worries C. happiness D. silence
15. A. sad B. alone C. stressed D. hopeless
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了59岁的Nixon每天早上坐在长椅上和路过的行人打招呼，聊天，带给了大家快乐，然后成为朋友的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，他坐在长椅上，看日出，与各行各业的陌生人交流。A. teenagers青少年；B. relatives亲戚；C. strangers陌生人；D. neighbors邻居。根据下文“from all walks of life (来自各行各业的)”可知，这些来自各行各业的人应该只是他坐在长椅上见到的陌生人。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：八年前，他决定每天从一张可以看到圣彼得堡海滨美景的长椅开始，因为这让他在开始一天的工作之前感到平静和安宁。A. peaceful平和的；B. excited兴奋的；C. proud自豪的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据上文“calm”可知，Nixon在开始一天的工作前坐在长椅上感受平静和安宁。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一年后，一位女士停下来打招呼，她说了些事情，这改变了尼克松对自己的每日例行访问的看法。A. formed构成；B. changed改变；C. developed发展；D. supported支持。根据下文“That’s when Nixon realized he needed to pay attention to the people walking past.(那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。)”可知，这位女士和他的互动使得他的长椅例行访问注意点发生改变，由感受这座城市转为关注行人。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. imagined想象；D. remembered记起。根据下文“Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started smiling at people and talking to them. (尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。)”可知，他之所以改变自己的行为，是因为他意识到了什么。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。A. pointing指出；B. laughing大笑；C. shouting大喊；D. smiling微笑。根据下文“And pretty soon, some early risers began joining him on the bench, sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems.(很快，一些早起的人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。)”可知，尼克斯逐渐和这些人建立起了良好关系，这说明他对他们很友好，因此可推测他朝着人们微笑。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，一些早起人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。A. joining加入；B. noticing注意；C. leaving离开；D. praising表扬。根据下文最后一段的“They simply want to sit next to someone (他们只是想要坐在某个人的旁边)”可知，这些人加入他的行列，坐在长椅上和他聊天。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管一个人想要公开的是什么问题，尼克松都会倾听。A. air使通风，使公开；B. face面对；C. hear听到；D. create创造。根据下文“Nixon was always happy to listen (尼克松总是很喜欢倾听)”可知，文章反复提及他愿意倾听人们诉说的各种问题，而这个前提是人们愿意向他公开。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这正在毁掉他们的婚姻。A. fame名声；B. success成功；C. marriage婚姻；D. privacy隐私。根据下文“The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his job for many years instead of focusing on his family. (这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。)”可知，只顾工作，不管家庭，可能毁掉的应该是家庭。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。A. health健康；B. hobbies爱好；C. kids孩子；D. job工作；根据上文“The husband was always working. (丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人把精力都投入在工作上了。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：“他开始哭，而且也赞同他需要放缓速度，”尼克松说：“我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。” A. give up放弃；B. calm down冷静下来；C. speak up明确表态；D. slow down放缓。根据上文“The husband was always working. (丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人太忙于工作了，得放缓速度，抽出时间来关注家人。故选D项。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼克松总是乐于倾听，他没有评价，也没有任何预期的回应。A. emotion情绪；B. consideration考虑；C. judgment评价；D. interest兴趣；根据下文“without any kind of return expected (没有任何预期的回应)”可知，尼克松做的只是单纯的倾听，不评价，不从自身出发回应。故选C项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对很多人而言，他都是一个有爱的，忠诚的朋友。A. guide导游；B. teacher老师；C. friend朋友；D. workmate同事。根据上文“we hugged each other and became friends after that. (我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。)”可知，尼克松和这些陌生人成为了朋友。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于那些走过长椅的人，他们总是面带微笑地打招呼，并问他们过得怎么样。A. hugged拥抱；B. greeted打招呼；C. competed竞争；D. satisfied使满意。根据下文“with a smile and asked how they were doing (面带微笑，并问他们过得怎么样)”可知，这是尼克松和路过的行人之间的互动，打招呼和交谈。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想坐在某人旁边，并且共享这寂静。A. secrets秘密；B. worries担忧；C. happiness幸福；D. silence寂静。根据下文“Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour; then she said thanks and walked away. (有一次，一个女人停下来，和尼克松坐了一个小时；然后她说了声谢谢就走了。)”可知，类似的情况下，两个人不说话保持沉默，那么可想而知很安静。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她只是想要片刻的平和，并且想知道她自己并不孤单。A. sad悲伤的；B. alone孤独的；C. stressed紧张的；D. hopeless不抱希望的。根据下文“And at that moment, she truly wasn’t. (那一刻，她确实不孤独。)”可知，她只是想知道自己并不孤单。故选B项。
III.阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Recreational Sports Membership
Ohio State University has some of the best recreation facilities (设施) in the country. Our Recreation and Physical Activity Center (RPAC) has opened in the past 10 years, whose facilities and programs are designed to fit all your needs and schedule.
RPAC Membership Rights
A membership is your ticket to take advantage of all the facilities and programs.
Classes and programs
Group fitness, sport clubs and outdoor adventure programs are only available to current RPAC members. You can attend unlimited free group fitness classes as part of your membership. An extra payment will be required if you prefer personal training classes.
Guests and Family Participation
Members may sponsor up to two guests during a visit. A daily guest pass is required for each guest to enter RPAC, and members must be present at the time of buying a pass. The pass is accepted at all facilities for unlimited re-entries in a one-day period.
RPAC aims to offer a family-friendly environment. Members are able to enjoy quality time with their families free of charge in a variety of family-friendly accommodations, including family changing rooms, the Lounge game room, and Leisure pool.
Locker and Towel Rental
RPAC offers full-service men’s and women’s locker rooms featuring large and medium size lockers, which can be rented either monthly or yearly. RPAC towel service is available in addition to day lockers at various locations throughout the facility.
RPAC Membership Responsibilities
In an effort to create a welcoming and safe environment for all members, you have the responsibility to follow the following policies:
Filming and photography in the facilities must be approved in advance.
Cell phone photography and video are not permitted in locker rooms.
Fighting and rough play are not permitted in all facilities.
Shoes are required in all public areas of all indoor facilities, except for locker rooms and swimming pools.
All equipment checked-out from RPAC must be returned at the required check-in time. You may be charged for the equipment returned late or damaged.
Please contact member services if you have any other questions about your RPAC membership.
16. What can a RPAC member do for free?
A. Enjoy family time in Leisure pool.
B. Attend personal training classes.
C. Use a locker for a whole year.
D. Take a guest to all facilities.
17. Which is one of the member’s responsibilities?
A. Wearing shoes in all public areas.
B. No cell phone use in locker rooms.
C. No filming and photography in all areas.
D. Returning checked-out equipment on time.
18. The passage is probably taken from ______.
A. a university website B. a research paper
C. a science magazine D. a government report
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的娱乐健身中心及其会员权利。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Guests and Family Participation ”中第二段第二句“Members are able to enjoy quality time with their families free of charge in a variety of family-friendly accommodations, including family changing rooms, the Lounge game room, and Leisure pool. ”（在我们提供的多种服务设施中，会员可以免费享受和家人的黄金时光，包括家庭更衣室，休息游戏室，休闲池。）可知，会员及家人使用休闲池是免费的。故选A项。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据“RPAC Membership Responsibilities ”中第六段第一句“All equipment checked-out from RPAC must be returned at the required check-in time. ”（所有的RPAC的退房设备必须在规定时间内归还。）可知，必须准时归还所有的设备。故选D项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句 “Ohio State University has some of the best recreation facilities (设施) in the country. ”（俄亥俄州立大学拥有一些美国最好的消遣娱乐设施）并结合文章对RPAC的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了大学的娱乐健身中心，最可能出现在大学网站上。故选A项。
B
A child science genius(天才)has wowed his professors and classmates by becoming a college graduate at the age of 13. Elliott Tanner recently graduated from the University of Minnesota with a bachelor’s (学士) degree in physics, with a minor in mathematics.
Elliott’s parents are very proud of the hard work and devotion he showed to get his degree at such a young age and are pleased that he has become an inspiration to lots of people. Elliott’s mom said, “He also inspires us to be better people every day.”
Elliott’s parents first realized their son was gifted at the age 3, when he displayed amazing language and math skills. It became clear that a traditional education experience would not be a good fit for him. Elliott was then homeschooled by his parents. “Elliott ended up learning and using information quicker than we could provide it,” his mother added.
By age 9, Elliott had already completed most of the normal high school courses, and his parents were struggling to keep up with him. So they sent him to the local community college, where Elliott really developed his passion (热爱) for physics. “For a long time, I wanted to be a mathematician,” Elliott said. “Then I was introduced to a physics class, and that really inspired me to learn more about the secrets of the world.”
When he was 11 years old, Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota to start studying physics and math. Although his college experience is a little different from that of his classmates, Elliott still hangs out with his peers in the student lounge, discussing homework, debating physics topics or watching movies. Being with people that are just as passionate about physics as he is has been pleasing enough for him.
One of the biggest challenges Elliott and his family have faced is criticism online from people who make judgments about what his life must be like. Many people believe he can’t have many social skills. However, Elliott has always enjoyed interacting with kids his own age. He loves playing with other neighborhood children, and just like the other kids, Elliott goes trick-or-treating on Halloween, but in an academic way: He dresses up as Albert Einstein, his favorite scientist.
Elliott has been accepted into the University of Minnesota’s PhD program and will start his study next year. In the future, Elliott aims to be a professor at the University of Minnesota and become an expert in physics. “I can’t wait to get started,” he said.
19. What did Elliott’s parents do when they realized he was gifted?
A. They sent him to a normal high school.
B. They asked for advice from universities.
C. They taught him by themselves at home.
D. They helped him fit into traditional education.
20. When Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota, he ______.
A. discovered his passion for physics
B. enjoyed staying with his classmates
C. dressed up as Albert Einstein in class
D. refused to play with kids his own age
21. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Elliott has few social skills.
B. Elliott loves exploring the world.
C. Elliott has no talent for language.
D. Elliott hopes to be a mathematician.
22. From Elliott’s story, we know that ______.
A. physics is the most important subject
B. children should be educated at home
C. geniuses need support just as we do
D. the earlier kids start school, the better
【答案】19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介讲述美国神童9岁上大学，13岁被博士班录取，梦想成为理论物理学家。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It became clear that a traditional education experience would not be a good fit for him. Elliott was then homeschooled by his parents. (很明显，传统的教育经历并不适合他。埃利奥特在家里接受父母的教育。)”可知，埃利奥特的父母发现他有天赋后，他们在家自己教他。故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“When he was 11 years old, Elliott moved to the University of Minnesota to start studying physics and math. Although his college experience is a little different from that of his classmates, Elliott still hangs out with his peers in the student lounge, discussing homework, debating physics topics or watching movies. Being with people that are just as passionate about physics as he is has been pleasing enough for him. (11岁时，埃利奥特搬到明尼苏达大学开始学习物理和数学。尽管他的大学经历与他的同学们有些不同，但埃利奥特仍然和他的同学们在学生休息室闲逛，讨论作业，辩论物理话题或看电影。和他一样对物理充满热情的人在一起对他来说已经足够愉快了。)”可知，当埃利奥特搬到明尼苏达大学时，他喜欢和同学呆在一起。故选B。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Then I was introduced to a physics class, and that really inspired me to learn more about the secrets of the world. (后来我被介绍上了一门物理课，这真的激励了我去了解更多关于世界的秘密。)”可知，埃利奥特喜欢探索世界。故选B。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Elliott was then homeschooled by his parents. (埃利奥特在家里接受父母的教育。)” 和第六段“One of the biggest challenges Elliott and his family have faced is criticism online from people who make judgments about what his life must be like.(埃利奥特和他的家人面临的最大挑战之一是网上那些对他的生活做出判断的人的批评。)”可推断，从艾略特的故事中，我们知道天才和我们一样需要家人和社会的支持。故选C。
C
If you’re tired of your phone, you’re not alone. People receive between around 60 and 80 daily notifications (通知) on average, and some of us may get as many as 200. These seemingly endless dings and buzzes can really affect our wellbeing. Research has linked them to depression and anxiety, and they may even cause problems associated with ADHD (多动症).
These outcomes may result from the fact that frequent phone interruptions increase our cognitive load (认知负荷), or the amount of information processed by the working memory. We only have so much mental capacity, and the extra effort it takes to switch between tasks can make us tired, less focused and disrupt (扰乱) emotional regulation. Additionally, in this state, we even experience a less accurate perception of time—we feel time is passing faster than in reality, which would eventually lead us to overlook results and cause hurried decisions, for example, buying a pricey dress without thinking it through.
With the fact that cell phone notifications can mess with our brains, scientists have sought out ways to counteract these effects. One possible solution: Scheduling notifications into batches (批次) that arrive at certain times of the day with the help of certain apps. For example, you could choose to keep things quiet except for at 7 am, noon and 5 pm to go with waking up, taking a lunch break and heading home from school. In a 2019 study, researchers assigned 237 participants (参与者) into three groups, including those who received all their notifications three times a day, hourly, or none at all. The three-times-a-day group said they felt more productive, attentive, in a better mood and in greater control of their phones than the other two groups, while the notification-free group experienced more anxiety and fear of missing out.
Besides, some researchers have argued that more personalized user design is possible. Developers should pay attention to how people interact with their devices. With the help of a machine learning model, our phone can automatically learn from our past behavior what types of notification we want to receive first, such as messages from relatives. Thus, certain notifications can be delivered at suitable times.
This highly individualized method could be beneficial, but more individuality means more phone monitoring, which introduces yet another problem: In the struggle to free ourselves from tech addiction, it isn’t clear whether more monitoring is the solution, or just adding more fuel to the fire.
23. What is the possible result of frequent phone notifications?
A. The working memory processes less information.
B. Time passes faster than what we are usually used to.
C. We tend to have distraction and emotional disruptions.
D. We weigh the possible results before making decisions.
24. What do we know about the 2019 study?
A. The study lasted three years.
B. The comparative method was used.
C. The none-at-all group felt more productive.
D. Participants were addicted to their mobile phones.
25. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Depression and anxiety lead us to rely on our phones.
B. Adding extra phone monitoring can free us from tech addiction.
C. The fewer phone notifications received, the better we control our phones.
D. Personalized user design helps phones decide what notifications come first.
26. What is the purpose of writing this passage?
A. To warn us against the phone overuse.
B To draw our attention to the problems of ADHD.
C. To stress the importance of controlling our phones.
D. To discuss ways to handle frequent phone notifications.
【答案】23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了电话通知过多给人体造成了不良影响，并探讨了产生的原因和解决措施。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一二句“These outcomes may result from the fact that frequent phone interruptions increase our cognitive load (认知负荷), or the amount of information processed by the working memory. We only have so much mental capacity, and the extra effort it takes to switch between tasks can make us tired, less focused and disrupt (扰乱) emotional regulation. (这些结果可能是由于频繁的电话中断增加了我们的认知负荷，或由工作记忆处理的信息量。我们只有这么多的脑力，在不同任务之间转换所需的额外努力会使我们感到疲惫、注意力不集中，并且扰乱情绪调节。)”可知，频繁的电话通知会增加工作记忆需要处理的信息量，因此脑力有限的我们会感到疲惫、注意力不集中，并且扰乱情绪调节。故选C项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“In a 2019 study, researchers assigned 237 participants (参与者) into three groups, including those who received all their notifications three times a day, hourly, or none at all. (在2019年的一项研究中，研究人员将237名参与者分为三组，包括那些一天三次收到通知、每小时收到通知或根本没有收到通知的人。)”可知，参与者被分为三组，即对比分析法在这个研究中被使用。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides, some researchers have argued that more personalized user design is possible. Developers should pay attention to how people interact with their devices. With the help of a machine learning model, our phone can automatically learn from our past behavior what types of notification we want to receive first, such as messages from relatives. Thus, certain notifications can be delivered at suitable times. (此外，一些研究人员认为，更个性化的用户设计是可能的。开发人员应该注意人们如何与他们的设备互动。在机器学习模型的帮助下，我们的手机可以自动从我们过去的行为中了解我们希望首先收到什么类型的通知，例如来自亲戚的消息。因此，可以在适当的时间发送某些通知。)”可知，一些研究人员的观点表明个性化的用户设计可能能够帮助手机设定什么样的通知先发送。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“People receive between around 60 and 80 daily notifications (通知) on average, and some of us may get as many as 200. (平均而言，人们每天收到大约60到80条通知，我们中的一些人可能会得到200条之多。)”可知，本文第一段指出手机通知过多这一问题现状；根据第二段第一句“These outcomes may result from the fact that frequent phone interruptions increase our cognitive load (认知负荷), or the amount of information processed by the working memory. (这些结果可能是由于频繁的电话中断增加了我们的认知负荷, 或由工作记忆处理的信息量。)”可知，第二段探讨这一问题出现的原因；根据第三段第一句“With the fact that cell phone notifications can mess with our brains, scientists have sought out ways to counteract these effects. (由于手机通知会干扰我们的大脑，科学家们已经找到了抵消这些影响的方法。)”可知，后三段则探讨解决这一问题的办法，即解决问题的办法才是本文的重中之重，即写作目的。故选D项。
D
Students meet at the university campus for classes during their 20s. This classical model of time, action and place has traditionally produced famous universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalization of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the Internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with fast development of technology. Universities must realize that learning in the 20s won’t be enough.
By teaching foundational knowledge and up-to-date skills, universities need to provide students with the future-proof skills of lifelong learning, not just get them ‘job-ready’. Some universities already play an important role in lifelong learning as they want to keep the value of their diplomas (文凭). This new role comes with a huge set of challenges and needs largely to be invented. One way to start this transformation process could be to go beyond the ‘diploma model’ to adapt university education to lifelong learning. We call this model the lifelong learning passport.
The Bachelor’s degree could be students’ passport to lifelong learning. For the first few years, students would ‘learn to learn’ and get endowed with reasoning skills that remain with them for the rest of their lives. For instance, physics allows students to observe and integrate (融合) observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. Mathematics is the language used to develop the laws of physics or economy. These two subjects naturally form the basic pillars (支柱) of education in technical universities.
Recent advances in computational methods and data science push us into rethinking science and engineering. Computers increasingly become the most important actors in processing data and formulating questions, which requires completely new ways of reasoning. Therefore, a new subject integrating computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning technical subjects all your life.
According to this new model, the Master of Science (MSc) would become the first stamp in the lifelong learning journey. The new MSc diploma becomes a set of accomplished projects and a list of technical skills. It is open-ended and must be updated throughout life, as technologies and their applications change faster than ever.
Universities have a fundamental role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change. The old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not supporting its abolition (废除) but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today.
27. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. Technological development challenges the university model.
B. The classical model serves famous universities well.
C. Students don’t meet at campus due to digitalization.
D. Universities continue to improve worker skills.
28. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. The students get a lifelong passport with a Bachelor’s degree.
B. The three pillars help with continuous learning in technology.
C. Physics and mathematics are enough for learning technology.
D. MSc programmes are the most important for lifelong learning.
29. What does the underlined phrase “get endowed with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Be concerned with. B. Make room for.
C. Be equipped with. D. Make preparations for.
30. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Changes to university projects
B. Importance of Lifelong Learning
C Development of Further Education
D. Necessity to Adapt University Model
【答案】27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为何大学应采用终身学习的新模式以适应时代需要。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“This classical model of time, action and place has traditionally produced famous universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalization of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the Internet to access learning—and by the need to acquire skills in step with fast development of technology. (这种时间、行为和地点的经典模式传统上造就了著名的大学，但现在它受到了社会数字化的挑战——它允许每个连接到互联网的人都能获得学习的机会——以及需要获得与技术快速发展同步的技能。)”可知，本段主要介绍技术发展对大学模式的挑战。故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Therefore, a new subject integrating computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning technical subjects all your life. (因此，在传统的数学和物理基础学科之外，应该增加一门集计算机科学、编程、统计学和机器学习于一体的新学科。这三大支柱将使你一生都能不断学习技术科目。)”可知，三大支柱有助于技术的持续学习。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文举例“For instance, physics allows students to observe and integrate (融合) observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. (例如，物理学允许学生观察并将观察结果整合到模型中，有时，将模型整合到可以用于预测的理论或定律中。)”可知，学生们将“学会学习”，并被赋予了推理技能。所以get endowed with为“赋予；具备”之意。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Universities have a fundamental role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change. The old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not supporting its abolition (废除) but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today.(在这一过程中，大学扮演着重要角色，高等教育也将迎来变革。旧的大学模式为社会培养人才和价值。我们不支持废除它，而是呼吁调整它的特点以满足今天的需要。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍为何大学应采用终身学习的新模式以适应时代需要。所以“Necessity to Adapt University Model(调整大学模式的必要性)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷(共 65 分)
Ⅰ.选词填空(共 7 小题;每小题 2 分，共 14 分)
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
able, care, cheer, annual, challenge, benefit, kind
31. She told me to be ______ and look on the bright side.
32. Growing up in a big city, he found living in the village was ______.
33. The music festival is held ______ in Shanghai. I go there to enjoy music every year.
34. There are many ______ of doing sports. For example, it can reduce stress.
35. The accident was due to ______ driving.
36. Listening to music ______ us to feel relaxed.
37. You should not take advantage of his ______ by demanding too much.
【答案】31. cheerful
32. challenging
33. annually
34. benefits
35. careless
36. enables
37. kindness
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她告诉我要乐观，要往好的方面看。句中be动词后用形容词作表语。形容词cheerful为“高兴的；快乐的”之意。结合句意，故填cheerful。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在大城市长大的他发现在农村生活很有挑战性。句中was后用形容词作表语。形容词challenging为“具有挑战性的”之意。结合句意，故填challenging。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：这个音乐节每年在上海举行一次。我每年都去那里欣赏音乐。句中用副词作状语。副词annually为“每年”之意。结合句意，故填annually。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：做运动有很多好处。例如，它可以减轻压力。名词benefit为“好处”之意。形容词many后接可数名词的复数形式。结合句意，故填benefits。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这起事故是由于粗心驾驶造成的。名词driving前用形容词修饰。形容词careless为“粗心的”之意。结合句意，故填careless。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：听音乐能使我们感到放松。动词enable为“使能够”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合句意，故填enables。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：你不应该利用他的善良而要求太多。形容词物主代词his后接名词形式。不可数名词kindness为“好意、善良”之意。结合句意，故填kindness。
II.语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
在未给提示词的空白处填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38. Tony ______ (travel) to the village school with an eager heart in 2010. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】travelled
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：2010年，托尼怀着一颗渴望的心去了乡村学校。分析句意可知，谓语动词travel“到...旅行”需要使用一般过去时，因为时间状语2010为过去的时间。故填travelled。
39. Is it possible that human workers ______ (replace) by robots in the near future? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be replaced
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：有没有可能在不久的将来人类工人将会被机器人取代？分析句意可知此处主语human workers “人类工人”和谓语动词replace“取代”构成被动关系，且时间状语in the near future表明谓语动词使用一般将来时，故谓语动词需要使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be replaced。
40. As a tradition, all the family members gather together ______ (celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to celebrate
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为传统，所有的家庭成员聚在一起庆祝中秋节。用不定式在句中作目的状语。根据句意，故填to celebrate。
41. The park ______is in the center of town has beautiful, big trees. （用适当的单词填空）
【答案】which/ that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：位于镇中心的公园有美丽的大树。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the park，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/ that引导定语从句。故填which/ that。
42. Last year, hundreds of companies ______ (attract) to the International Import Expo. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were attracted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：去年，数百家公司被吸引去参加国际进口博览会。根据句意可知，此处需要谓语动词，时间状语是“Last year”，要用一般过去时。主语“hundreds of companies ”和“attract”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done, 主语是复数,所以be动词用were。故填were attracted。
43. This project can offer valuable help to students ______ have difficulties in getting certain knowledge. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个项目可以为学习某些知识有困难的学生提供有价值的帮助。句中先行词为students ，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。根据句意，故填who/that。
44. Although they were ______ (disappoint) at the result of the game, they knew the experience was worth more than any prize. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】disappointed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管他们对比赛的结果感到失望，但他们知道这一经历比任何奖品都更有价值。分析句意可知，此处动词disappoint“使失望”需要改为形容词形式disappointed作表语，表示“他们”的心情是感到失望的。故填disappointed。
45. If you’d like some inspiration, we have a lot of speakers ______ lectures can give you some awesome ideas. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果你想要一些灵感，我们有很多演讲者，他们的讲座可以给你一些很棒的想法。f分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行词为speakers，且从句中缺少名词lectures的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
46. Scientists all over the world are seeking a good way ______ (prevent) depression. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to prevent
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：全世界的科学家都在寻找一种预防抑郁症的好方法。way to do sth.做某事的方法。根据句意，故填to prevent。
47. Before moving to London, I thought city life must be ______ (excite) and full of surprises. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exciting
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在搬到伦敦之前，我以为城市生活一定令人兴奋，充满惊喜。空处应用形容词作表语，修饰主语city life，所以用-ing形式形容词修饰物，exciting表示“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。
III.完成句子(共 5 小题; 第 63、64 题每题 2 分, 第 65、66、67 题每题 3 分,共 13 分)
根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 他们在湖边搭起了一个帐篷。(put up) (汉译英)
【答案】They put up a tent by the lake.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。 put up搭建；by the lake在湖边。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为They put up a tent by the lake.
49. 我将努力准时到达。(make an effort) (汉译英)
【答案】I will make an effort to arrive on time.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“我”译作人称代词主格I；“努力”译作词组make an effort，因表示将来的动作，故使用一般将来时；“准时”译作词组on time；“到达”译作不及物动词arrive。故答案为I will make an effort to arrive on time。
50. 我们要关注自己身边发生的变化。(focus on) (汉译英)
【答案】We should focus on the changes that/which are taking place around us.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。“我们要关注变化”为主句，“自己身边发生的变化”写成定语从句，focus on关注；take place发生。句中先行词为the changes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。从句表示正在发生的事情，所以用现在进行时。主句用情态动词should，表示“应该，应当”。根据句意，故翻译为We should focus on the changes that/which are taking place around us.
51. 一进博物馆，那漂亮的海报就吸引了我的目光。(catch one’s eye) (汉译英)
【答案】That new poster caught my eye as soon as I entered the museum.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词词组和从句。“一进博物馆”，其实就是主句主语“我”发出的动作，因此可译作用连词as soon as “一...就”引导时间状语从句“I entered the museum”放在主句之后；“那漂亮的海报”可译作名词短语that new poster，做主句主语；“就吸引了我的目光”可译作动词词组catch my eye，因动作已发生，谓语动词catch使用一般过去时需要使用的过去式形式，caught。故答案为That new poster caught my eye as soon as I entered the museum。
52. 如果你对这个活动感兴趣，请下周一之前来报名。(sign up) (汉译英)
【答案】If you’re interested in this activity, please come to sign up for it before next Monday.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和状语从句。be interested in对……感兴趣；come to来到；sign up for登记报名；next Monday下周一。根据句意，用if引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。根据句意，故翻译为If you’re interested in this activity, please come to sign up for it before next Monday.
IV.阅读表达(共 4 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 8 分)
阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. Take going to the toilet in a restaurant, for example. I can find my way there easily enough because there are signs pointing me in the right direction. But getting back to my table is another story. After all, there are no helpful signs saying, “This is where you were sitting less than five minutes ago”.
However, rather than accept the situation of myself frequently walking into cupboards and backtracking down dead ends, I’m determined to give my sense of direction a much-needed improvement.
Nowadays, of course, it’s easy to rely on GPS (全球卫星定位系统)to find your way. But if you really want to improve your sense of direction, it’s a good idea to count on yourself.
Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits—not least because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at electronic maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together.
Paying full attention is key, too. It’s important to notice what’s around you—in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant.
Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. It’s all too easy to be anxious and afraid if you imagine you may be lost—but this sudden feeling of anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term.
Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So now’s the time to start exploring!
53. Why is the writer interested in the topic of how to improve your sense of direction? (不多于9个单词)
_________________________________________________________________
54. When is it particularly useful to notice what’s around you? (不多于6个单词)
_________________________________________________________________
55. What is the benefit of getting lost? (不多于12个单词)
_________________________________________________________________
56. Nowadays people are increasingly relying on GPS to find their way. What do you think of that? (单词数不限)
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】53. Because his/her own sense of direction is absolutely terrible.
54. When you’re on the return journey.
55. To discover new places. / To add more detail to that ever-growing mental map.
56. While GPS makes it easy for us to find our way around, it can fail, break and leave us high and dry. So we can’t rely too much on GPS to find our way.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们如何培养自己的方向感。
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. (我对研究如何提高方向感这个话题非常感兴趣，因为我自己的方向感非常糟糕。)”可知，作者对如何提高方向感这个话题感兴趣，是因为他/她自己的方向感非常糟糕。故答案为Because his/her own sense of direction is absolutely terrible.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. (这在你回程的时候尤其有用——即使只是从餐馆的厕所里找路回来。)”可知，当你在回程的时候注意周围的事物特别有用。故答案为When you’re on the return journey.
【55题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第六段“Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. (此外，迷路是发现新地方的最好方法之一，也能给不断扩大的大脑地图增添更多细节——从长远来看，这两种方法都能帮助你变得“方向感更聪明”。)”可知，迷路可以帮助我们去发现新的地方，也能够为不断扩大的大脑地图增添更多细节。故答案为To discover new places. / To add more detail to that ever-growing mental map.
【56题详解】
开放题。要求考生评价现在人们越来越依赖GPS来找路的现象，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为While GPS makes it easy for us to find our way around, it can fail, break and leave us high and dry. So we can’t rely too much on GPS to find our way.
V.书面表达(20分)
57. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他们学校的国际文化周要开始了，他们班将要举办一次中国文化展。因此，他向你询求建议，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐展示的内容及形式；
2. 陈述推荐理由。
注意：1.词数不少于 50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s a great delight to hear that your class is going to promote Chinese Culture! Chinese culture is splendid with many unique elements, and I’m glad to recommend some of them to you.
I think you can hold a small exhibition with both traditional and modern Chinese culture elements on display. For example, different Huawei phones and models of bullet trains can be shown on shelves, while a hands-on area can also be provided, where students can try to make their own paper cuts and dumplings. In this way, the advanced technology of modern China, together with its long-lasting traditional culture, can definitely attract students and meet different needs.
Above are some of my ideas that I hope can be helpful. I wish this activity great success and please let me know how it goes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友 Jim 回复一封邮件，向他推荐中国文化展展示的内容及形式，并陈述推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴：delight →pleasure
极好的：splendid→ magnificent
例如：for example→for instance
同……一起：together with →along with
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Chinese culture is splendid with many unique elements, and I’m glad to recommend some of them to you.
拓展句：Chinese culture is splendid with many unique elements, some of which I’m glad to recommend to you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, different Huawei phones and models of bullet trains can be shown on shelves, while a hands-on area can also be provided, where students can try to make their own paper cuts and dumplings.（运用了while引导状语从句和where引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Above are some of my ideas that I hope can be helpful.（运用了倒装句和that引导的限制性定语从句）
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