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北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市朝阳区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高一英语
(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Steph Clemence had good grades and always intended to go to college. But her poor family couldn’t ___1___ it. Steph had to find a job and tried to figure out what to do with a life that was greatly different from her plan.
The answer came one afternoon when she was cleaning her bookshelf. Inside a box she ___2___ two pages titled “Mrs, Clark’s Book List” from the English teacher in her high school, Dorothy Clark. “She’d spent months creating a list of 153 books,” says Steph. “She knew most of us would not go to college, but we could continue to learn. She was ___3___ about that.”
Steph was ___4___ and determined to improve herself. So it began in 1970. Starting at the top she read every book in the order they appeared. People around her didn’t find much ___5___ in her journey, as some of the books were hard going. But she felt ___6___. Each of those books inspired her to learn more about the world.
Now Steph is 70 and she never did get to college. But she has only four books left to read from the list. She expects to ___7___ them sometime in 2023. “I don’t race through a book, as I want to fully ___8___ it. Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world,” she says. “I’m no expert, but I am working for my own ___9___. I now have the background to see how the world works.
In Steph’s eye, Mrs. Clark felt it was her particular _____10_____ to offer young students a road map in a changing world. Thanks to a book list, at least one young woman who couldn’t pay for college was the better for it.
1. A. avoid B. afford C. change D. refuse
2. A. collected B. packed C. selected D. noticed
3. A. wrong B. upset C. right D. angry
4. A. surprised B. hopeful C. calm D. nervous
5. A. value B. time C. support D. trouble
6. A. exactly B. badly C. differently D. similarly
7. A. copy B. forget C. check D. finish
8. A. describe B. enjoy C. share D. protect
9. A. safety B. convenience C. protection D. improvement
10. A. duty B. pressure C. situation D. requirement
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了斯蒂芬·克莱门斯受到家境的影响无法继续读书学习，但是老师多萝西·克拉克列的书目让她燃起了继续读书学习的热情。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她贫穷的家庭负担不起。A. avoid避免；B. afford付得起；C. change改变；D. refuse拒绝。根据空前“her poor family”及下文“Steph had to find a job and tried to figure out what to do with a life that was greatly different from her plan.”可知，斯蒂芬付不起学费，所以辍学了。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她注意到在一个盒子里有两页纸，标题是她高中英语老师多萝西·克拉克写的“克拉克夫人的书单”。 A. collected收集；B. packed包装；C. selected选择；D. noticed注意到。根据上文“The answer came one afternoon when she was cleaning her bookshelf.”可知，斯蒂芬清理书架时注意到在一个盒子里有两页纸。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说得对。A. wrong错误的；B. upset沮丧的；C. right正确的；D. angry生气的。根据上文“She knew most of us would not go to college, but we could continue to learn.”可知，斯蒂芬认为老师的观点是正确的。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬满怀希望，决心提高自己。A. surprised惊讶的；B. hopeful怀有希望的；C. calm镇静的；D. nervous紧张的。根据“and determined to improve herself.”可知，斯蒂芬满怀希望提升自己。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她周围的人并没有发现她的旅程有什么价值，因为有些书很难读。A. value价值；B. time时间；C. support支持；D. trouble麻烦。根据下文“as some of the books were hard going.”可知，因为有些书很难读，所以斯蒂芬周围的人并没有发现她的旅程有什么价值。故选A。
6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但她的感觉不一样。A. exactly确切地；B. badly严重地；C. differently不同地；D. similarly相似地。根据“Each of those books inspired her to learn more about the world.”可知，斯蒂芬通过看书使她更多地了解这个世界，所以感觉不一样。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她预计在2023年的某个时候完成这些任务。A. copy复制；B. forget忘记；C. check检查；D. finish完成。根据上文“But she has only four books left to read from the list.”可知，斯蒂芬预计在2023年的某个时候完成全部的读书任务。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会匆匆读完一本书，因为我想充分享受它。A. describe描绘；B. enjoy享受；C. share分享；D. protect保护。根据上文“I don’t race through a book,”可知，斯蒂芬想充分享受每一本书。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是专家，但我正在努力提高自己。A. safety安全；B. convenience方便；C. protection保护；D. improvement改善。根据上文“Steph was 4 and determined to improve herself.”可知，斯蒂芬在努力提高自己。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在斯蒂芬看来，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生在这个变化的世界中提供一份路线图。A. duty责任；B. pressure压力；C. situation状况；D. requirement要求。根据空后“offer young students a road map in a changing world.”可知，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生提供一份路线图。故选A。
第二节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并使用其正确形式填空。
calm down tend to apply for be fed up with put up
keep up with on the basis of in person suffer from let off
11. In a team, many things need to be done ________ trust.
12. I ________ the way she leaves her rubbish on the floor!
13. Look! The students ________ a poster on the noticeboard.
14. When the price of a product falls, people ________ buy more of it.
15. A successful company must ________ the development of technology.
16. After graduation last July, she ________ a job with the local newspaper.
17. He felt nervous before giving his speech, but then he managed to ________.
18. It is not allowed to ________ fireworks during the Spring Festival in our city.
19. Stress is a normal human reaction and almost everyone ________ it sometimes.
20. If you want more advice on English, you’d better go and talk to Mr. Vincent ________.
【答案】11. on the basis of
12. am fed up with
13. are putting up
14. will tend to
15. keep up with
16. applied for
17. calm down
18. let off
19. suffers from
20. in person
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查短语。句意：在一个团队中，很多事情都需要建立在信任的基础上。短语on the basis of为“在……的基础上”之意。结合句意，故填on the basis of。
【12题详解】
考查时态和短语。句意：我受够了她把垃圾扔在地上的样子！短语be fed up with为“感到厌烦”之意。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。结合句意，故填am fed up with。
【13题详解】
考查短语和时态。句意：看！学生们正在布告栏上贴海报。短语put up为“张贴”之意。根据句意，用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填are putting up。
【14题详解】
考查短语。句意：当一种产品的价格下降时，人们会倾向于购买更多的产品。短语tend to为“倾向于”之意。when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。结合句意，故填will tend to。
【15题详解】
考查短语。句意：一个成功的公司必须跟上技术的发展。短语keep up with为“跟上”之意。情态动词must后接动词原形。结合句意，故填keep up with。
【16题详解】
考查短语。句意：去年7月毕业后，她申请了一份当地报纸的工作。短语apply for为“申请”之意。根据时间状语last July可知，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填applied for。
【17题详解】
考查短语。句意：演讲前他感到紧张，但后来他设法平静了下来。短语calm down“平静”之意。manage to do sth.设法做某事。结合句意，故填calm down。
【18题详解】
考查短语。句意：在我们城市，春节期间是不允许放烟花的。短语let off为“使爆炸，点燃”之意。be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。结合句意，故填let off。
19题详解】
考查短语。句意：压力是一种正常的人类反应，几乎每个人都会有压力的时候。短语suffer from为“遭受”之意。根据sometimes可知，用一般现在时。主语是everyone，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合句意，故填suffers from。
【20题详解】
考查短语。句意：如果你想要更多关于英语的建议，你最好亲自去找文森特先生。短语in person为“亲自”之意。结合句意，故填in person。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. They said they ________ (visit) the Great Wall the next day.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were visiting##would visit
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们说他们第二天要去参观长城。根据时间状语the next day可知，用将来时态或用进行时态表示将要发生的事情。由said可知，句子应使用过去将来时。故填were visiting或would visit。
22. Many trees here ________ (plant) by the graduates last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were planted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这里的许多树是毕业生去年种的。根据时间状语last year可知，用一般过去时。主语Many trees与plant之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是复数。根据句意，故填were planted。
23. Football is a game ________ is popular with many young people.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】which##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：足球是一项深受年轻人喜爱的运动。空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行词为game，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
24. Tom’s goal is ________ (go) to Tsinghua University in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to go
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆的目标是将来上清华大学。此处表示目的，用不定式作表语。根据句意，故填to go。
25. —Hi, Steve, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry, it ________ (repair) now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is being repaired
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嗨，史蒂夫，今天下午我能用一下你的电脑吗？——对不起，现在正在修理它。根据时间状语now可知，用现在进行时。主语it与repair之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is。故填is being repaired。
26. Do you know who was the first person________ (land) on the moon? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to land
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你知道谁是第一个登陆月球的人吗？分析句意可知，此处动词land“着陆”需要改为不定式形式充当the first person的定语，因为被序数词修饰的名词后面往往接动词不定式作定语。故填to land。
27. Jay decided to go to England ________ (continue) his further education. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to continue
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰伊决定去英国继续深造。句中用不定式作目的状语。根据句意，故填to continue。
28. The old couple ________ we met in France last year have sent us a card. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who##whom##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我们在法国遇到的那对老夫妇给我们寄了一张卡片。句中先行词为The old couple，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词who、whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。
29. The volunteer teacher ________ story I read yesterday has won prizes for his work. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我昨天读到他的故事的那个志愿者老师因他的工作而获奖。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为The volunteer teacher，指人，关系词在从句中作名词story的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
30. Lots of visitors ________ (attract) to enjoy the Lantern Show during the festival every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are attracted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：每年节日期间，许多游客被吸引欣赏灯展。分析句意可知，此处动词attract“吸引”和主语复数名词visitors“游客”构成被动关系，且时间状语every year表明本句谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are attracted。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Pet owners are always concerned about the well-being of their cute friends. But once you’re away from home, there isn’t much you can do. Wouldn’t it be great to have something that could take care of your pet and allow you to interact (互动) with it while you’re out? Petcube Bites is a good choice.
Petcube Bites comes in two parts. The lower half is equipped with a camera and a feeding opening, while the upper half is used to store nearly half a kilo of food. It looks beautiful in any setting. You just have to decide on the most convenient place to fix it.
Besides being a home video camera that shows live HD (高清) views of the house, it supports two-way voice delivery, meaning that you can hear your pet moving around the house, call to your pet from your phone and have a “heart-to-heart” talk with it from anywhere in the world. Using the Petcube app, you can catch your pet’s images and share them on social media.
Petcube Bites offers a more fun way for you to interact with your pet wherever you are. When you want to feed your dog, simply call him over and click the bone on the screen. Then the Petcube Bites will let out food through the feeding opening. You can control the amount and distance.
For dog and cat lovers alike, this is the best tool on the market for playing and spending time with your pet. Find more information at: https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites.
31. With Petcube Bites, people can ________.
A. care for their pets while away B. show concern for their children
C. interact with other pet owners D. get away from home with their pets
32. Petcube Bites can be used to ________.
A. store pet food at the bottom B. feed pets by throwing food
C. print images from social media D. record pet owner’s voice messages
33. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A book review. B. A research report.
C. A travel brochure. D. A lifestyle magazine.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一款宠物主人在离开家期间可用来照顾宠物和宠物互动的设备。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段二三句“Wouldn’t it be great to have something that could take care of your pet and allow you to interact (互动) with it while you’re out? Petcube Bites is a good choice.(如果有一些东西可以照顾你的宠物，让你在外出时与它互动，这不是很好吗？Petcube Bites是一个不错的选择。)”可知，Petcube Bites可以在主人外出的时候用于照顾家里的宠物。故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Petcube Bites comes in two parts. The lower half is equipped with a camera and a feeding opening, while the upper half is used to store nearly half a kilo of food (Petcube Bites分为两部分。下半部分配有摄像头和喂食口，而上半部分用于储存近半公斤的食物。)”可知，A选项：store pet food at the bottom（将宠物食物存放在底部饲料宠物）错误；B选项：feed pets by throwing food（通过投掷食物喂宠物）正确；通过第三段最后一句话“ Using the Petcube app, you can catch your pet’s images and share them on social media.（使用Petcube应用程序，您可以捕捉宠物的图像并在社交媒体上分享。）可知，是上传到社交媒体，而不是从社交媒体上打印图片。C选项：print images from social media（从社交媒体上打印图片）错误；通过第三段“Besides being a home video camera that shows live HD (高清) views of the house, it supports two-way voice delivery, meaning that you can hear your pet moving around the house, call to your pet from your phone and have a “heart-to-heart” talk with it from anywhere in the world.（除了作为一个家庭摄像机，显示实时高清(高清)， 它支持双向语音传输，这意味着你可以听到你的宠物在家里走动，用手机给你的宠物打电话，并在世界任何地方与它进行“心与心”的交谈。）可知，支持语音的传输，但是无法推断出记录语音信息”。故D选项：record pet owner’s voice messages（记录宠物主人的语音信息）错误。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“Find more information at: https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites. (请在https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites.网站上搜寻更多信息)”可推测，这个网址和生活方式相关，因为网址中包含lifewire这一个由life“生活”和wire“电线”组成的合成词，故可推测这篇文章出自于生活方式相关的杂志。故选D项。
B
The Day Lisa Lost
Don’t get me wrong. I’m not talking about the many professional athletes of today who have developed a me-first attitude. I am talking about high school sports, where lessons of life are still being learned. Here, athletes still compete for the love of the game and their teammates. Lisa Kincaid is one of them.
I first met Lisa on the volleyball court. If anyone had a right to be cocky (自大的) or proud of herself, it was Lisa. Besides being one of the best volleyball players in the USA, she became a track legend (传奇人物). She went sixty-four national games without losing any event.
However, she felt uncomfortable talking about her achievements and would usually change the conversation to others’ performances. She often lent her shoes to someone who’d forgotten her own, or sincerely sent best wishes to competitors from different teams.
Soon after, Lisa’s impossible failure in one game impressed me a lot. Lisa’s coach told her he needed her to run the mile. She had never done so, but agreed to do what was best for the team. Lisa easily outdistanced the competition, but on the last lap she seemed to grow tired. Jane, Lisa’s teammate, passed her. Lisa managed to stay just behind Jane and followed her across the finish line. Lisa lost an event for the first time in her track career.
Athletes in Lisa’s track program needed to earn a set amount of points to gain a varsity letter (校队标志徽章). Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having “lost” for the first time ever. Jane finally received her first varsity letter. And Lisa? On that day, the day she lost, she earned my respect and admiration.
34. Why did the author list Lisa’s achievements?
A. To prove Lisa was proud of herself.
B. To present Lisa had great athleticism.
C. To show that athletes have a right to be cocky.
D. To remind athletes to have all-round development.
35. From the passage, we can learn that Lisa ________.
A. valued the importance of respect B. intended to prove herself in the race
C. won every race she had ever entered D. cared less about what she had achieved
36. Why did Lisa wear a smile on her face after the race?
A. Because she did a deal with Jane.
B. Because she lent her shoes to others.
C. Because she carried out her secret plan.
D. Because she already earned her varsity letter.
37. Which of the following word can best describe Lisa according to the passage?
A. Selfless. B. Brave. C. Patient. D. Independent.
【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述运动员丽莎的故事，作者表达了自己对丽莎的尊重和崇拜。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“If anyone had a right to be cocky (自大的) or proud of herself, it was Lisa. Besides being one of the best volleyball players in the USA, she became a track legend (传奇人物). She went sixty-four national games without losing any event. (如果说有人有权利骄傲自大，那就是丽莎。除了是美国最好的排球运动员之一之外，她还成为了田径界的传奇人物。她参加了64届全国运动会，没有输掉任何一场比赛。)”可知，之所以要提及丽莎的成就，是为了证明她的运动才能足以让她有权感到自豪。故选B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, she felt uncomfortable talking about her achievements and would usually change the conversation to others’ performances. (然而，她对谈论自己的成就感到不舒服，通常会把话题转到别人的表演上。)”可知，丽莎并不看重自己所取得的成就。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having “lost” for the first time ever. (丽莎知道，简需要赢得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志徽章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。)”可推测，丽莎输了比赛却还能开心地微笑是因为她想让简获得荣誉故意输了比赛，这是她的秘密计划。故选C项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having “lost” for the first time ever. (丽莎知道，简需要赢得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志徽章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。)”可知，丽莎为了队友的利益故意输掉比赛，无疑她是一个很无私的人。故选A项。
C
A handful of stencils (模板) and three pens sound like materials for a child’s art project. But researchers have now used these tools to draw functional health monitors directly on human skin.
Wearable sensor technology, which helps doctors check a variety of health indicators, has in recent years advanced from heavy equipment to flexible patches (贴片). These sensors can be expensive, however. They also tend to follow skin imperfectly, making them sensitive to the wearer’s move. Researchers say that a new drawn-on-skin electronics system could offer a solution to both problems.
A team led by biomedical engineer Faheem Ershad of the University of Houston first developed a conductive ink that is safe to use on human skin. The researchers loaded the ink into ballpoint pens, then placed a stencil made of tape and film on a volunteer and followed within it to draw the simple circuit (电路) diagram. Within five minutes the ink dried to create a working sensor. The researchers then taped on a standard electrical line to provide power and send data to a computer.
Using just this type of ink, the team measured skin hydration (含水量) and the electrical activity of heart and skeletal muscles. Because the sensor stuck perfectly to the skin, wearers could walk around without jarring it and thus reducing data quality. The ink didn’t take in sweat and was easily removed with a wet paper towel and soap.
For more advanced equipment, Ershad’s team used two additional inks: one served as a semiconductor, and the other acted as an object to prevent electricity. Drawing different layers (层) with each ink, the researchers made temperature and strain (应变) sensors on a sheet of skin-like object, “The authors already presented many very attractive applications,” says Zheng Yan, a biomedical engineer at the University of Missouri. Yan and his colleagues have developed similar technology using pencils and paper, but their method is limited to passive conductors that cannot introduce energy into a circuit. Ershad says that he hopes to create high-tech sensors to discover health indicators ranging from elements in sweat to the brain’s electrical activity.
The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining more advanced ink-based circuits. After that achievement, they say, people could use affordable sets of stencils and pens to carefully watch their own health at home.
38. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. How a safe ink is developed. B. How data is sent to a computer.
C. How the drawn-on-skin system works. D. How the circuit diagram is drawn with ink.
39. What does the underlined word “jarring” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Hiding. B. Carrying. C. Clicking. D. Shaking.
40. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Hospitals will increase the cost of testing health indicators.
B. Researchers aim to make advanced wireless ink-based sensors.
C. A safe sensor will be applied to make human skin more sensitive.
D. Yan’s team has developed a technology to lead energy into a circuit.
41. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. A child’s art project has helped doctors check health indicators.
B. A wireless sensor made of conductive ink sends data to a computer.
C. An electronics system checks skin hydration and the electrical activity.
D. A pen-and-ink method could produce cheap wearable health equipment.
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. B 41. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“A team led by biomedical engineer Faheem Ershad of the University of Houston first developed a conductive ink that is safe to use on human skin. The researchers loaded the ink into ballpoint pens, then placed a stencil made of tape and film on a volunteer and followed within it to draw the simple circuit (电路) diagram. Within five minutes the ink dried to create a working sensor. The researchers then taped on a standard electrical line to provide power and send data to a computer. (由休斯顿大学生物医学工程师Faheem Erhad领导的团队首次开发出一种可安全地用于人体皮肤的导电墨水。研究人员将墨水装入圆珠笔中，然后将一个由胶带和胶片制成的模板放在志愿者身上，然后在上面画出简单的电路图。五分钟内，墨水就干了，就能制造出一个可工作的传感器。然后，研究人员将一根标准电线绑在一起，以提供电力并将数据发送到计算机。)”可知，本段主要介绍皮肤绘制系统的原理。故选C。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Because the sensor stuck perfectly to the skin, (由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，)”可知，由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，佩戴者可以在走动时不碰撞到它。所以jarring为“碰撞；震动”之意，与动词shake意思相近。故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining more advanced ink-based circuits. (研究人员计划通过结合更先进的墨水电路，最终使他们的传感器成为真正的无线。)”可推断，研究人员的目标是制造先进的无线墨水传感器。故选B。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A handful of stencils (模板) and three pens sound like materials for a child’s art project. But researchers have now used these tools to draw functional health monitors directly on human skin.(少量模板绘制图案和三只笔，这些听起来像是儿童美工的材料。但是研究人员现已利用这些工具直接在人类皮肤上绘制功能性健康监测器。)”和最后一段“After that achievement, they say, people could use affordable sets of stencils and pens to carefully watch their own health at home.(他们说，在取得这一成就之后，人们可以使用负担得起的模板和笔在家里仔细观察自己的健康状况。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。所以“A pen-and-ink method could produce cheap wearable health equipment.(一种笔墨法可以生产出廉价的可穿戴健康设备。)概括文章大意最为合适。故选D。
D
Would you turn down the chance to become a smart cookie? We’ve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence (智力). Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”. The more you play, the smarter you will get—or so some apps tell us. But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be?
The use of games for serious purposes has become widespread with the development of the Internet and smartphones. Brain training apps are typical, frequently featured by Apple and Google’s app stores. Many of such apps say that they are backed by “science”. Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning.
Several major studies, surveying users across a wide variety of apps, have found that they have little to no effect on users’ performance. A 2021 study by researchers discovered brain training has no significant effect on cognitive (认知的) functioning in the “real world”. The positive effects reported are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks, such as memorizing lists of words or numbers, or performing mental calculation (心算). So, if your job or your calling in life needs summing quickly or remembering all your friends’ phone numbers, these apps will do. But if you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or form a complex (复杂的) spreadsheet, you have to look elsewhere. Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun.
As a co-creator of one of the most popular forms of gamification (游戏化) noted, what is especially disappointing about these apps is that they just aren’t that fun—at least, not compared with the various thoughtful board games and video games coming out every day. Puzzle video games, such as Baba Is You and detective games like Return of the Obra Dinn, see players apply their skill at reasoning, memory and concentration in a far more challenging and engaging (吸引人的) way.
If you aren’t into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. These activities might not lead to an increased IQ, but they are sure to engage your brain deeply while having fun—something I can by no means say of brain training apps.
42. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?
A. Brain training apps are backed by science.
B. Creativity can be improved with brain training apps.
C. Gamification has little to do with increasing intelligence.
D. Increasing IQ is as simple as practising a few mini-games every day.
43. According to the passage, brain training apps are still popular because ________.
A. they turn mental exercises into quick games
B. they are considered both scientific and interesting
C. they are more effective in shaping our minds than other games
D. they have significant effects on the cognitive functioning in the “real world”
44. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Smart Cookie or Not? B. There’s No App for That
C. What will Games Lead Us to? D. A Digital Pill for Intelligence
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章提出观点称许多人认为借助一些游戏程序能够提高智力，但作者不这样认为，他通过呈现一些研究结果等信息佐证他的观点。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning. (即使人们对一般智力的形成达成了一致，但增加一般智力只需每天练习几个小游戏就可以了，这一想法与我们目前关于思考和学习的发现背道而驰。)”可知，作者认为称每天练习小游戏能够提升智力是不准确的，即可推测，作者不赞同通过游戏化能够增加智力这一说法。故选C项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun. (然而，尽管大脑训练应用程序几乎不起作用，但它们发挥着主导作用，部分原因是因为它们被认为是科学的，部分原因在于用户认为它们很有趣。)”可知，这些程序流行的原因是用户认为它们有趣且科学。故选B项。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段二三句“We’ve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence (智力). Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”. (我们一直渴望快速解决问题，以提高我们的智力。今天，人们的希望寄托于作为一种快速的“数字药丸”的大脑训练应用程序们上。)”可推测，本文探讨的核心在于这些“数字药丸”；根据用于引出下文的第一段最后一句“But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be? (但是，这条数字捷径看起来就是这样吗？)”可知，作者对这些“数字药丸”有没有效果表示存疑；而最后一段一二句“If you aren’t into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. (如果你不喜欢游戏，那就去散步或学习跳舞。它们可能能比大脑训练应用程序更有效地磨砺你的头脑。)”指出作者最终得出结论，没有app类的“数字药丸”对提升智力有效，这是本文的标题。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learn to Be Accountable
How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships.
What does being accountable mean?
It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. ____45____ You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. However, being accountable doesn’t mean taking the blame for things you can’t change. You’re only accountable for things that you can control.
____46____
According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. ____47____ For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.
How can you be accountable?
____48____ One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can’t. We can’t always control what happens to us. ____49____ We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens.
A. What makes you accountable?
B. How is being accountable good for you?
C. But we do have a say in how we respond to it.
D. Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.
E. Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.
F. Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.
G. This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more.
【答案】45. F 46. B 47. E 48. D 49. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎么才能做一个负责的人。
【45题详解】
上文“It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. (责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易的，但承担责任意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。)”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。下文“You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. (你可以说公共汽车晚点了，但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接受准时到达是你的责任。)”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做的。选项F“Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.(想象一下，安排与朋友见面，然后迟到。)”也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F项。
46题详解】
下文“According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. (根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充满希望。)”以及“Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.( 负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助于你更加信任自己。)”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助于你更加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B“How is being accountable good for you? (做一个负责的人对你有什么好处？)”提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。
【47题详解】
下文“But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought.(但在我告诉她真相后，我并没有像我想象的那样陷入麻烦。)”举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作者的好处。选项E“Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.( 承担责任也能让别人更加信任你。)指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文这一段的小标题“How can you be accountable?(如何成为负责的人？)”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文“One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out.(方法之一是画一个控制圈来帮助你解决这个问题。)”指出了如何成为负责的人一个方法。选项D“Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.(首先要了解什么是你所能控制的，什么是你无法控制的。)”提出建议，告诉读者该怎么做才能成为负责的人，这既回答了小标题提出的问题，也作为介绍，引出了下文。故选D项。
【49题详解】
上文“We can’t always control what happens to us.(我们不能总是控制发生在我们身上的事情。)”指出有一些事情我们不能控制。下文“We can still choose our attitude. (我们仍然可以选择自己的态度。)”选项C“But we do have a say in how we respond to it.(但我们确实对如何应对它有发言权。)”则通过but“但是”提出转折，转而指出我们可以做的是什么事，这与上文转折，与下文递进，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Dad’s Perfect Package
A few years ago, my father arranged to send me a mail-order fruitcake at Christmas time. Although I had a good job and owned an apartment in Manhattan, he feared my refrigerator might be empty.
He ordered me a particular brand of fruitcake made in Texas. “It reminds me of my mother’s,” he told me, which I later learned was a cake typical of the Great Depression (大萧条), made without milk, sugar, butter, or eggs. On most Christmases, he received two gifts from granny: a pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges.
Born in 1932, Dad grew up during the Great Depression, and he believed everyone was always hungry and needed to eat. Even when we visited him in the hospital, he would ask whether we had eaten and remind us the café would be closing soon. “At least get a cup of coffee,” he’d say. “Don’t worry about me.”
Ordering the fruitcake was his way of trying to take care of me from a long distance away. Although I was 44, I was still his son. A fruitcake, in his mind, was a perfect Christmas gift: the fruitcake can fill my belly (肚子) and has a long shelf life.
The first week of December passed with no sign of his fruitcake. Delayed (耽搁) by holiday mail, I guessed. My father remained hopeful the fruitcake would come by New Year’s Eve. Yet, January, February, and March came and went with no fruitcake.
Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. Instead I said, “That cake is orbiting (沿轨道运行) earth, and sooner or later it will land and taste even better.”
Early last December, nearly a year after my father died, I got a call from the front desk of my apartment building., “You have a package.” I went downstairs to pick it up. The brown box had a FedEx label (标签) with a return address in Texas.
50. What gifts did Dad get on most Christmases?
______________________________________________________
51. Why did Dad think the best Christmas present was a fruitcake?
______________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>When my father kept asking about the delayed fruitcake, I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.
______________________________________________________
53. Among the gifts you’ve ever received, which is the most memorable one? Why? (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________
【答案】50. A pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges.
51. Because it can fill his son’s belly and has a long shelf life.
52. When my father kept asking about the delayed fruitcake, I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. According to the passage, ‘Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.’, which suggests the author never lied to his father that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.
53. The novel Journey to the West is the most memorable gift for me, which was sent by my aunt for my 10th birthday. Because it is the first novel I have received and I am a big fan of Sun Wukong at that time.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。记录了作者的父亲因为自身经历喜欢给儿子送一种水果蛋糕做圣诞礼物的故事，但有一次父亲给作者寄的蛋糕一直未到，直到父亲去世一年之后，才收到一个蛋糕包裹。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“On most Christmases, he received two gifts from granny: a pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges. (在大多数圣诞节，他都会收到奶奶的两份礼物：一双自制袜子和一小包橙子。)”可知，作者的父亲在多数圣诞节都会收到一双自制袜子和一小包橙子。故答案为A pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges。
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“A fruitcake, in his mind, was a perfect Christmas gift: the fruitcake can fill my belly (肚子) and has a long shelf life. (在他看来，水果蛋糕是一份完美的圣诞礼物：水果蛋糕可以填饱我的肚子，保质期很长。)”可知，作者的父亲认为水果蛋糕能填饱肚子，能存放很久，是一份完美的圣诞礼物。故答案为Because it can fill his son’s belly and has a long shelf life。
【52题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第六段第一句“Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. (尽管我父亲一直在问，但我从未想过撒谎，告诉他水果蛋糕终于到了，而且很好吃。)”可知，作者并没跟父亲说谎称蛋糕收到了，还很美味。故可推测题干所提供观点后半部分“I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious(我告诉他水果蛋糕终于到了，很好吃)”是错误的。故答案为：When my father kept asking about the delayed fruitcake, I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. According to the passage, ‘Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.’, which suggests the author never lied to his father that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.
【53题详解】
开放题。言之有理即可。本题要求提供答题人自己最记忆深刻的礼物，并说明原因，需要根据自身经历推理得出答案。故答案为The novel Journey to the West is the most memorable gift for me, which was sent by my aunt for my 10th birthday. Because it is the first novel I have received and I am a big fan of Sun Wukong at that time。
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信询问你的校园学习生活。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 学校情况；
2. 你最喜欢的课程及原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I’m glad to share with you my new senior school life.
I have adapted well to the new school, which is twice bigger than my previous one. There is a big gym, where we can enjoy all sorts of ball games. Besides, we don’t have fixed classrooms. Instead, we go to different classes for different subjects.
What I like most is chemistry class because we can do a lot of experiments, which bring us a lot of fun. What’s more, there are many kinds of clubs, and I joined the English Drama Club. We can meet every Monday and rehearse various English plays.
How’s your school life in the UK?
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回一封邮件，告诉他你的校园学习生活。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad →happy
此外：besides → what’s more
适应：adapt to →adjust to
各种各样的：various → a variety of
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Besides, we don’t have fixed classrooms. Instead, we go to different classes for different subjects.
拓展句：Besides, we don’t have fixed classrooms because we go to different classes for different subjects.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I have adapted well to the new school, which is twice bigger than my previous one.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】What I like most is chemistry class because we can do a lot of experiments, which bring us a lot of fun.（运用了what引导的主语从句、because引导原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
北京市朝阳区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高一英语
(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Steph Clemence had good grades and always intended to go to college. But her poor family couldn’t ___1___ it. Steph had to find a job and tried to figure out what to do with a life that was greatly different from her plan.
The answer came one afternoon when she was cleaning her bookshelf. Inside a box she ___2___ two pages titled “Mrs, Clark’s Book List” from the English teacher in her high school, Dorothy Clark. “She’d spent months creating a list of 153 books,” says Steph. “She knew most of us would not go to college, but we could continue to learn. She was ___3___ about that.”
Steph was ___4___ and determined to improve herself. So it began in 1970. Starting at the top she read every book in the order they appeared. People around her didn’t find much ___5___ in her journey, as some of the books were hard going. But she felt ___6___. Each of those books inspired her to learn more about the world.
Now Steph is 70 and she never did get to college. But she has only four books left to read from the list. She expects to ___7___ them sometime in 2023. “I don’t race through a book, as I want to fully ___8___ it. Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world,” she says. “I’m no expert, but I am working for my own ___9___. I now have the background to see how the world works.
In Steph’s eye, Mrs. Clark felt it was her particular _____10_____ to offer young students a road map in a changing world. Thanks to a book list, at least one young woman who couldn’t pay for college was the better for it.
1. A. avoid B. afford C. change D. refuse
2. A. collected B. packed C. selected D. noticed
3. A. wrong B. upset C. right D. angry
4. A. surprised B. hopeful C. calm D. nervous
5. A. value B. time C. support D. trouble
6. A. exactly B. badly C. differently D. similarly
7. A. copy B. forget C. check D. finish
8. A. describe B. enjoy C. share D. protect
9. A. safety B. convenience C. protection D. improvement
10. A. duty B. pressure C. situation D. requirement
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了斯蒂芬·克莱门斯受到家境的影响无法继续读书学习，但是老师多萝西·克拉克列的书目让她燃起了继续读书学习的热情。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她贫穷的家庭负担不起。A. avoid避免；B. afford付得起；C. change改变；D. refuse拒绝。根据空前“her poor family”及下文“Steph had to find a job and tried to figure out what to do with a life that was greatly different from her plan.”可知，斯蒂芬付不起学费，所以辍学了。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她注意到在一个盒子里有两页纸，标题是她高中英语老师多萝西·克拉克写的“克拉克夫人的书单”。 A. collected收集；B. packed包装；C. selected选择；D. noticed注意到。根据上文“The answer came one afternoon when she was cleaning her bookshelf.”可知，斯蒂芬清理书架时注意到在一个盒子里有两页纸。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说得对。A. wrong错误的；B. upset沮丧的；C. right正确的；D. angry生气的。根据上文“She knew most of us would not go to college, but we could continue to learn.”可知，斯蒂芬认为老师的观点是正确的。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬满怀希望，决心提高自己。A. surprised惊讶的；B. hopeful怀有希望的；C. calm镇静的；D. nervous紧张的。根据“and determined to improve herself.”可知，斯蒂芬满怀希望提升自己。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她周围的人并没有发现她的旅程有什么价值，因为有些书很难读。A. value价值；B. time时间；C. support支持；D. trouble麻烦。根据下文“as some of the books were hard going.”可知，因为有些书很难读，所以斯蒂芬周围的人并没有发现她的旅程有什么价值。故选A。
6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但她的感觉不一样。A. exactly确切地；B. badly严重地；C. differently不同地；D. similarly相似地。根据“Each of those books inspired her to learn more about the world.”可知，斯蒂芬通过看书使她更多地了解这个世界，所以感觉不一样。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她预计在2023年的某个时候完成这些任务。A. copy复制；B. forget忘记；C. check检查；D. finish完成。根据上文“But she has only four books left to read from the list.”可知，斯蒂芬预计在2023年的某个时候完成全部的读书任务。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会匆匆读完一本书，因为我想充分享受它。A. describe描绘；B. enjoy享受；C. share分享；D. protect保护。根据上文“I don’t race through a book,”可知，斯蒂芬想充分享受每一本书。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是专家，但我正在努力提高自己。A. safety安全；B. convenience方便；C. protection保护；D. improvement改善。根据上文“Steph was 4 and determined to improve herself.”可知，斯蒂芬在努力提高自己。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在斯蒂芬看来，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生在这个变化的世界中提供一份路线图。A. duty责任；B. pressure压力；C. situation状况；D. requirement要求。根据空后“offer young students a road map in a changing world.”可知，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生提供一份路线图。故选A。
第二节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并使用其正确形式填空。
calm down tend to apply for be fed up with put up
keep up with on the basis of in person suffer from let off
11. In a team, many things need to be done ________ trust.
12. I ________ the way she leaves her rubbish on the floor!
13. Look! The students ________ a poster on the noticeboard.
14. When the price of a product falls, people ________ buy more of it.
15. A successful company must ________ the development of technology.
16. After graduation last July, she ________ a job with the local newspaper.
17. He felt nervous before giving his speech, but then he managed to ________.
18. It is not allowed to ________ fireworks during the Spring Festival in our city.
19. Stress is a normal human reaction and almost everyone ________ it sometimes.
20. If you want more advice on English, you’d better go and talk to Mr. Vincent ________.
【答案】11. on the basis of
12. am fed up with
13. are putting up
14. will tend to
15. keep up with
16. applied for
17. calm down
18. let off
19. suffers from
20. in person
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查短语。句意：在一个团队中，很多事情都需要建立在信任的基础上。短语on the basis of为“在……的基础上”之意。结合句意，故填on the basis of。
【12题详解】
考查时态和短语。句意：我受够了她把垃圾扔在地上的样子！短语be fed up with为“感到厌烦”之意。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。结合句意，故填am fed up with。
【13题详解】
考查短语和时态。句意：看！学生们正在布告栏上贴海报。短语put up为“张贴”之意。根据句意，用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填are putting up。
【14题详解】
考查短语。句意：当一种产品的价格下降时，人们会倾向于购买更多的产品。短语tend to为“倾向于”之意。when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。结合句意，故填will tend to。
【15题详解】
考查短语。句意：一个成功的公司必须跟上技术的发展。短语keep up with为“跟上”之意。情态动词must后接动词原形。结合句意，故填keep up with。
【16题详解】
考查短语。句意：去年7月毕业后，她申请了一份当地报纸的工作。短语apply for为“申请”之意。根据时间状语last July可知，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填applied for。
【17题详解】
考查短语。句意：演讲前他感到紧张，但后来他设法平静了下来。短语calm down“平静”之意。manage to do sth.设法做某事。结合句意，故填calm down。
【18题详解】
考查短语。句意：在我们城市，春节期间是不允许放烟花的。短语let off为“使爆炸，点燃”之意。be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。结合句意，故填let off。
19题详解】
考查短语。句意：压力是一种正常的人类反应，几乎每个人都会有压力的时候。短语suffer from为“遭受”之意。根据sometimes可知，用一般现在时。主语是everyone，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合句意，故填suffers from。
【20题详解】
考查短语。句意：如果你想要更多关于英语的建议，你最好亲自去找文森特先生。短语in person为“亲自”之意。结合句意，故填in person。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. They said they ________ (visit) the Great Wall the next day.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were visiting##would visit
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们说他们第二天要去参观长城。根据时间状语the next day可知，用将来时态或用进行时态表示将要发生的事情。由said可知，句子应使用过去将来时。故填were visiting或would visit。
22. Many trees here ________ (plant) by the graduates last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were planted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这里的许多树是毕业生去年种的。根据时间状语last year可知，用一般过去时。主语Many trees与plant之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是复数。根据句意，故填were planted。
23. Football is a game ________ is popular with many young people.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】which##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：足球是一项深受年轻人喜爱的运动。空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行词为game，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
24. Tom’s goal is ________ (go) to Tsinghua University in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to go
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆的目标是将来上清华大学。此处表示目的，用不定式作表语。根据句意，故填to go。
25. —Hi, Steve, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry, it ________ (repair) now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is being repaired
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嗨，史蒂夫，今天下午我能用一下你的电脑吗？——对不起，现在正在修理它。根据时间状语now可知，用现在进行时。主语it与repair之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is。故填is being repaired。
26. Do you know who was the first person________ (land) on the moon? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to land
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你知道谁是第一个登陆月球的人吗？分析句意可知，此处动词land“着陆”需要改为不定式形式充当the first person的定语，因为被序数词修饰的名词后面往往接动词不定式作定语。故填to land。
27. Jay decided to go to England ________ (continue) his further education. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to continue
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰伊决定去英国继续深造。句中用不定式作目的状语。根据句意，故填to continue。
28. The old couple ________ we met in France last year have sent us a card. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who##whom##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我们在法国遇到的那对老夫妇给我们寄了一张卡片。句中先行词为The old couple，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词who、whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。
29. The volunteer teacher ________ story I read yesterday has won prizes for his work. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我昨天读到他的故事的那个志愿者老师因他的工作而获奖。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为The volunteer teacher，指人，关系词在从句中作名词story的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
30. Lots of visitors ________ (attract) to enjoy the Lantern Show during the festival every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are attracted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：每年节日期间，许多游客被吸引欣赏灯展。分析句意可知，此处动词attract“吸引”和主语复数名词visitors“游客”构成被动关系，且时间状语every year表明本句谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are attracted。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Pet owners are always concerned about the well-being of their cute friends. But once you’re away from home, there isn’t much you can do. Wouldn’t it be great to have something that could take care of your pet and allow you to interact (互动) with it while you’re out? Petcube Bites is a good choice.
Petcube Bites comes in two parts. The lower half is equipped with a camera and a feeding opening, while the upper half is used to store nearly half a kilo of food. It looks beautiful in any setting. You just have to decide on the most convenient place to fix it.
Besides being a home video camera that shows live HD (高清) views of the house, it supports two-way voice delivery, meaning that you can hear your pet moving around the house, call to your pet from your phone and have a “heart-to-heart” talk with it from anywhere in the world. Using the Petcube app, you can catch your pet’s images and share them on social media.
Petcube Bites offers a more fun way for you to interact with your pet wherever you are. When you want to feed your dog, simply call him over and click the bone on the screen. Then the Petcube Bites will let out food through the feeding opening. You can control the amount and distance.
For dog and cat lovers alike, this is the best tool on the market for playing and spending time with your pet. Find more information at: https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites.
31. With Petcube Bites, people can ________.
A. care for their pets while away B. show concern for their children
C. interact with other pet owners D. get away from home with their pets
32. Petcube Bites can be used to ________.
A. store pet food at the bottom B. feed pets by throwing food
C. print images from social media D. record pet owner’s voice messages
33. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A book review. B. A research report.
C. A travel brochure. D. A lifestyle magazine.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一款宠物主人在离开家期间可用来照顾宠物和宠物互动的设备。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段二三句“Wouldn’t it be great to have something that could take care of your pet and allow you to interact (互动) with it while you’re out? Petcube Bites is a good choice.(如果有一些东西可以照顾你的宠物，让你在外出时与它互动，这不是很好吗？Petcube Bites是一个不错的选择。)”可知，Petcube Bites可以在主人外出的时候用于照顾家里的宠物。故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Petcube Bites comes in two parts. The lower half is equipped with a camera and a feeding opening, while the upper half is used to store nearly half a kilo of food (Petcube Bites分为两部分。下半部分配有摄像头和喂食口，而上半部分用于储存近半公斤的食物。)”可知，A选项：store pet food at the bottom（将宠物食物存放在底部饲料宠物）错误；B选项：feed pets by throwing food（通过投掷食物喂宠物）正确；通过第三段最后一句话“ Using the Petcube app, you can catch your pet’s images and share them on social media.（使用Petcube应用程序，您可以捕捉宠物的图像并在社交媒体上分享。）可知，是上传到社交媒体，而不是从社交媒体上打印图片。C选项：print images from social media（从社交媒体上打印图片）错误；通过第三段“Besides being a home video camera that shows live HD (高清) views of the house, it supports two-way voice delivery, meaning that you can hear your pet moving around the house, call to your pet from your phone and have a “heart-to-heart” talk with it from anywhere in the world.（除了作为一个家庭摄像机，显示实时高清(高清)， 它支持双向语音传输，这意味着你可以听到你的宠物在家里走动，用手机给你的宠物打电话，并在世界任何地方与它进行“心与心”的交谈。）可知，支持语音的传输，但是无法推断出记录语音信息”。故D选项：record pet owner’s voice messages（记录宠物主人的语音信息）错误。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“Find more information at: https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites. (请在https://www.lifewire.com/petcube-bites.网站上搜寻更多信息)”可推测，这个网址和生活方式相关，因为网址中包含lifewire这一个由life“生活”和wire“电线”组成的合成词，故可推测这篇文章出自于生活方式相关的杂志。故选D项。
B
The Day Lisa Lost
Don’t get me wrong. I’m not talking about the many professional athletes of today who have developed a me-first attitude. I am talking about high school sports, where lessons of life are still being learned. Here, athletes still compete for the love of the game and their teammates. Lisa Kincaid is one of them.
I first met Lisa on the volleyball court. If anyone had a right to be cocky (自大的) or proud of herself, it was Lisa. Besides being one of the best volleyball players in the USA, she became a track legend (传奇人物). She went sixty-four national games without losing any event.
However, she felt uncomfortable talking about her achievements and would usually change the conversation to others’ performances. She often lent her shoes to someone who’d forgotten her own, or sincerely sent best wishes to competitors from different teams.
Soon after, Lisa’s impossible failure in one game impressed me a lot. Lisa’s coach told her he needed her to run the mile. She had never done so, but agreed to do what was best for the team. Lisa easily outdistanced the competition, but on the last lap she seemed to grow tired. Jane, Lisa’s teammate, passed her. Lisa managed to stay just behind Jane and followed her across the finish line. Lisa lost an event for the first time in her track career.
Athletes in Lisa’s track program needed to earn a set amount of points to gain a varsity letter (校队标志徽章). Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having “lost” for the first time ever. Jane finally received her first varsity letter. And Lisa? On that day, the day she lost, she earned my respect and admiration.
34. Why did the author list Lisa’s achievements?
A. To prove Lisa was proud of herself.
B. To present Lisa had great athleticism.
C. To show that athletes have a right to be cocky.
D. To remind athletes to have all-round development.
35. From the passage, we can learn that Lisa ________.
A. valued the importance of respect B. intended to prove herself in the race
C. won every race she had ever entered D. cared less about what she had achieved
36. Why did Lisa wear a smile on her face after the race?
A. Because she did a deal with Jane.
B. Because she lent her shoes to others.
C. Because she carried out her secret plan.
D. Because she already earned her varsity letter.
37. Which of the following word can best describe Lisa according to the passage?
A. Selfless. B. Brave. C. Patient. D. Independent.
【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述运动员丽莎的故事，作者表达了自己对丽莎的尊重和崇拜。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“If anyone had a right to be cocky (自大的) or proud of herself, it was Lisa. Besides being one of the best volleyball players in the USA, she became a track legend (传奇人物). She went sixty-four national games without losing any event. (如果说有人有权利骄傲自大，那就是丽莎。除了是美国最好的排球运动员之一之外，她还成为了田径界的传奇人物。她参加了64届全国运动会，没有输掉任何一场比赛。)”可知，之所以要提及丽莎的成就，是为了证明她的运动才能足以让她有权感到自豪。故选B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, she felt uncomfortable talking about her achievements and would usually change the conversation to others’ performances. (然而，她对谈论自己的成就感到不舒服，通常会把话题转到别人的表演上。)”可知，丽莎并不看重自己所取得的成就。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having “lost” for the first time ever. (丽莎知道，简需要赢得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志徽章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。)”可推测，丽莎输了比赛却还能开心地微笑是因为她想让简获得荣誉故意输了比赛，这是她的秘密计划。故选C项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having “lost” for the first time ever. (丽莎知道，简需要赢得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志徽章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。)”可知，丽莎为了队友的利益故意输掉比赛，无疑她是一个很无私的人。故选A项。
C
A handful of stencils (模板) and three pens sound like materials for a child’s art project. But researchers have now used these tools to draw functional health monitors directly on human skin.
Wearable sensor technology, which helps doctors check a variety of health indicators, has in recent years advanced from heavy equipment to flexible patches (贴片). These sensors can be expensive, however. They also tend to follow skin imperfectly, making them sensitive to the wearer’s move. Researchers say that a new drawn-on-skin electronics system could offer a solution to both problems.
A team led by biomedical engineer Faheem Ershad of the University of Houston first developed a conductive ink that is safe to use on human skin. The researchers loaded the ink into ballpoint pens, then placed a stencil made of tape and film on a volunteer and followed within it to draw the simple circuit (电路) diagram. Within five minutes the ink dried to create a working sensor. The researchers then taped on a standard electrical line to provide power and send data to a computer.
Using just this type of ink, the team measured skin hydration (含水量) and the electrical activity of heart and skeletal muscles. Because the sensor stuck perfectly to the skin, wearers could walk around without jarring it and thus reducing data quality. The ink didn’t take in sweat and was easily removed with a wet paper towel and soap.
For more advanced equipment, Ershad’s team used two additional inks: one served as a semiconductor, and the other acted as an object to prevent electricity. Drawing different layers (层) with each ink, the researchers made temperature and strain (应变) sensors on a sheet of skin-like object, “The authors already presented many very attractive applications,” says Zheng Yan, a biomedical engineer at the University of Missouri. Yan and his colleagues have developed similar technology using pencils and paper, but their method is limited to passive conductors that cannot introduce energy into a circuit. Ershad says that he hopes to create high-tech sensors to discover health indicators ranging from elements in sweat to the brain’s electrical activity.
The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining more advanced ink-based circuits. After that achievement, they say, people could use affordable sets of stencils and pens to carefully watch their own health at home.
38. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. How a safe ink is developed. B. How data is sent to a computer.
C. How the drawn-on-skin system works. D. How the circuit diagram is drawn with ink.
39. What does the underlined word “jarring” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Hiding. B. Carrying. C. Clicking. D. Shaking.
40. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Hospitals will increase the cost of testing health indicators.
B. Researchers aim to make advanced wireless ink-based sensors.
C. A safe sensor will be applied to make human skin more sensitive.
D. Yan’s team has developed a technology to lead energy into a circuit.
41. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. A child’s art project has helped doctors check health indicators.
B. A wireless sensor made of conductive ink sends data to a computer.
C. An electronics system checks skin hydration and the electrical activity.
D. A pen-and-ink method could produce cheap wearable health equipment.
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. B 41. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“A team led by biomedical engineer Faheem Ershad of the University of Houston first developed a conductive ink that is safe to use on human skin. The researchers loaded the ink into ballpoint pens, then placed a stencil made of tape and film on a volunteer and followed within it to draw the simple circuit (电路) diagram. Within five minutes the ink dried to create a working sensor. The researchers then taped on a standard electrical line to provide power and send data to a computer. (由休斯顿大学生物医学工程师Faheem Erhad领导的团队首次开发出一种可安全地用于人体皮肤的导电墨水。研究人员将墨水装入圆珠笔中，然后将一个由胶带和胶片制成的模板放在志愿者身上，然后在上面画出简单的电路图。五分钟内，墨水就干了，就能制造出一个可工作的传感器。然后，研究人员将一根标准电线绑在一起，以提供电力并将数据发送到计算机。)”可知，本段主要介绍皮肤绘制系统的原理。故选C。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Because the sensor stuck perfectly to the skin, (由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，)”可知，由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，佩戴者可以在走动时不碰撞到它。所以jarring为“碰撞；震动”之意，与动词shake意思相近。故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining more advanced ink-based circuits. (研究人员计划通过结合更先进的墨水电路，最终使他们的传感器成为真正的无线。)”可推断，研究人员的目标是制造先进的无线墨水传感器。故选B。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A handful of stencils (模板) and three pens sound like materials for a child’s art project. But researchers have now used these tools to draw functional health monitors directly on human skin.(少量模板绘制图案和三只笔，这些听起来像是儿童美工的材料。但是研究人员现已利用这些工具直接在人类皮肤上绘制功能性健康监测器。)”和最后一段“After that achievement, they say, people could use affordable sets of stencils and pens to carefully watch their own health at home.(他们说，在取得这一成就之后，人们可以使用负担得起的模板和笔在家里仔细观察自己的健康状况。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。所以“A pen-and-ink method could produce cheap wearable health equipment.(一种笔墨法可以生产出廉价的可穿戴健康设备。)概括文章大意最为合适。故选D。
D
Would you turn down the chance to become a smart cookie? We’ve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence (智力). Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”. The more you play, the smarter you will get—or so some apps tell us. But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be?
The use of games for serious purposes has become widespread with the development of the Internet and smartphones. Brain training apps are typical, frequently featured by Apple and Google’s app stores. Many of such apps say that they are backed by “science”. Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning.
Several major studies, surveying users across a wide variety of apps, have found that they have little to no effect on users’ performance. A 2021 study by researchers discovered brain training has no significant effect on cognitive (认知的) functioning in the “real world”. The positive effects reported are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks, such as memorizing lists of words or numbers, or performing mental calculation (心算). So, if your job or your calling in life needs summing quickly or remembering all your friends’ phone numbers, these apps will do. But if you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or form a complex (复杂的) spreadsheet, you have to look elsewhere. Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun.
As a co-creator of one of the most popular forms of gamification (游戏化) noted, what is especially disappointing about these apps is that they just aren’t that fun—at least, not compared with the various thoughtful board games and video games coming out every day. Puzzle video games, such as Baba Is You and detective games like Return of the Obra Dinn, see players apply their skill at reasoning, memory and concentration in a far more challenging and engaging (吸引人的) way.
If you aren’t into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. These activities might not lead to an increased IQ, but they are sure to engage your brain deeply while having fun—something I can by no means say of brain training apps.
42. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?
A. Brain training apps are backed by science.
B. Creativity can be improved with brain training apps.
C. Gamification has little to do with increasing intelligence.
D. Increasing IQ is as simple as practising a few mini-games every day.
43. According to the passage, brain training apps are still popular because ________.
A. they turn mental exercises into quick games
B. they are considered both scientific and interesting
C. they are more effective in shaping our minds than other games
D. they have significant effects on the cognitive functioning in the “real world”
44. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Smart Cookie or Not? B. There’s No App for That
C. What will Games Lead Us to? D. A Digital Pill for Intelligence
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章提出观点称许多人认为借助一些游戏程序能够提高智力，但作者不这样认为，他通过呈现一些研究结果等信息佐证他的观点。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning. (即使人们对一般智力的形成达成了一致，但增加一般智力只需每天练习几个小游戏就可以了，这一想法与我们目前关于思考和学习的发现背道而驰。)”可知，作者认为称每天练习小游戏能够提升智力是不准确的，即可推测，作者不赞同通过游戏化能够增加智力这一说法。故选C项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun. (然而，尽管大脑训练应用程序几乎不起作用，但它们发挥着主导作用，部分原因是因为它们被认为是科学的，部分原因在于用户认为它们很有趣。)”可知，这些程序流行的原因是用户认为它们有趣且科学。故选B项。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段二三句“We’ve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence (智力). Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”. (我们一直渴望快速解决问题，以提高我们的智力。今天，人们的希望寄托于作为一种快速的“数字药丸”的大脑训练应用程序们上。)”可推测，本文探讨的核心在于这些“数字药丸”；根据用于引出下文的第一段最后一句“But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be? (但是，这条数字捷径看起来就是这样吗？)”可知，作者对这些“数字药丸”有没有效果表示存疑；而最后一段一二句“If you aren’t into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. (如果你不喜欢游戏，那就去散步或学习跳舞。它们可能能比大脑训练应用程序更有效地磨砺你的头脑。)”指出作者最终得出结论，没有app类的“数字药丸”对提升智力有效，这是本文的标题。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learn to Be Accountable
How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships.
What does being accountable mean?
It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. ____45____ You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. However, being accountable doesn’t mean taking the blame for things you can’t change. You’re only accountable for things that you can control.
____46____
According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. ____47____ For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.
How can you be accountable?
____48____ One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can’t. We can’t always control what happens to us. ____49____ We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens.
A. What makes you accountable?
B. How is being accountable good for you?
C. But we do have a say in how we respond to it.
D. Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.
E. Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.
F. Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.
G. This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more.
【答案】45. F 46. B 47. E 48. D 49. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎么才能做一个负责的人。
【45题详解】
上文“It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. (责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易的，但承担责任意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。)”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。下文“You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. (你可以说公共汽车晚点了，但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接受准时到达是你的责任。)”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做的。选项F“Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.(想象一下，安排与朋友见面，然后迟到。)”也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F项。
46题详解】
下文“According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. (根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充满希望。)”以及“Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.( 负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助于你更加信任自己。)”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助于你更加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B“How is being accountable good for you? (做一个负责的人对你有什么好处？)”提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。
【47题详解】
下文“But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought.(但在我告诉她真相后，我并没有像我想象的那样陷入麻烦。)”举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作者的好处。选项E“Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.( 承担责任也能让别人更加信任你。)指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文这一段的小标题“How can you be accountable?(如何成为负责的人？)”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文“One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out.(方法之一是画一个控制圈来帮助你解决这个问题。)”指出了如何成为负责的人一个方法。选项D“Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.(首先要了解什么是你所能控制的，什么是你无法控制的。)”提出建议，告诉读者该怎么做才能成为负责的人，这既回答了小标题提出的问题，也作为介绍，引出了下文。故选D项。
【49题详解】
上文“We can’t always control what happens to us.(我们不能总是控制发生在我们身上的事情。)”指出有一些事情我们不能控制。下文“We can still choose our attitude. (我们仍然可以选择自己的态度。)”选项C“But we do have a say in how we respond to it.(但我们确实对如何应对它有发言权。)”则通过but“但是”提出转折，转而指出我们可以做的是什么事，这与上文转折，与下文递进，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Dad’s Perfect Package
A few years ago, my father arranged to send me a mail-order fruitcake at Christmas time. Although I had a good job and owned an apartment in Manhattan, he feared my refrigerator might be empty.
He ordered me a particular brand of fruitcake made in Texas. “It reminds me of my mother’s,” he told me, which I later learned was a cake typical of the Great Depression (大萧条), made without milk, sugar, butter, or eggs. On most Christmases, he received two gifts from granny: a pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges.
Born in 1932, Dad grew up during the Great Depression, and he believed everyone was always hungry and needed to eat. Even when we visited him in the hospital, he would ask whether we had eaten and remind us the café would be closing soon. “At least get a cup of coffee,” he’d say. “Don’t worry about me.”
Ordering the fruitcake was his way of trying to take care of me from a long distance away. Although I was 44, I was still his son. A fruitcake, in his mind, was a perfect Christmas gift: the fruitcake can fill my belly (肚子) and has a long shelf life.
The first week of December passed with no sign of his fruitcake. Delayed (耽搁) by holiday mail, I guessed. My father remained hopeful the fruitcake would come by New Year’s Eve. Yet, January, February, and March came and went with no fruitcake.
Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. Instead I said, “That cake is orbiting (沿轨道运行) earth, and sooner or later it will land and taste even better.”
Early last December, nearly a year after my father died, I got a call from the front desk of my apartment building., “You have a package.” I went downstairs to pick it up. The brown box had a FedEx label (标签) with a return address in Texas.
50. What gifts did Dad get on most Christmases?
______________________________________________________
51. Why did Dad think the best Christmas present was a fruitcake?
______________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>When my father kept asking about the delayed fruitcake, I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.
______________________________________________________
53. Among the gifts you’ve ever received, which is the most memorable one? Why? (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________
【答案】50. A pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges.
51. Because it can fill his son’s belly and has a long shelf life.
52. When my father kept asking about the delayed fruitcake, I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. According to the passage, ‘Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.’, which suggests the author never lied to his father that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.
53. The novel Journey to the West is the most memorable gift for me, which was sent by my aunt for my 10th birthday. Because it is the first novel I have received and I am a big fan of Sun Wukong at that time.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。记录了作者的父亲因为自身经历喜欢给儿子送一种水果蛋糕做圣诞礼物的故事，但有一次父亲给作者寄的蛋糕一直未到，直到父亲去世一年之后，才收到一个蛋糕包裹。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“On most Christmases, he received two gifts from granny: a pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges. (在大多数圣诞节，他都会收到奶奶的两份礼物：一双自制袜子和一小包橙子。)”可知，作者的父亲在多数圣诞节都会收到一双自制袜子和一小包橙子。故答案为A pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges。
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“A fruitcake, in his mind, was a perfect Christmas gift: the fruitcake can fill my belly (肚子) and has a long shelf life. (在他看来，水果蛋糕是一份完美的圣诞礼物：水果蛋糕可以填饱我的肚子，保质期很长。)”可知，作者的父亲认为水果蛋糕能填饱肚子，能存放很久，是一份完美的圣诞礼物。故答案为Because it can fill his son’s belly and has a long shelf life。
【52题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第六段第一句“Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. (尽管我父亲一直在问，但我从未想过撒谎，告诉他水果蛋糕终于到了，而且很好吃。)”可知，作者并没跟父亲说谎称蛋糕收到了，还很美味。故可推测题干所提供观点后半部分“I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious(我告诉他水果蛋糕终于到了，很好吃)”是错误的。故答案为：When my father kept asking about the delayed fruitcake, I told him that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious. According to the passage, ‘Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.’, which suggests the author never lied to his father that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.
【53题详解】
开放题。言之有理即可。本题要求提供答题人自己最记忆深刻的礼物，并说明原因，需要根据自身经历推理得出答案。故答案为The novel Journey to the West is the most memorable gift for me, which was sent by my aunt for my 10th birthday. Because it is the first novel I have received and I am a big fan of Sun Wukong at that time。
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信询问你的校园学习生活。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 学校情况；
2. 你最喜欢的课程及原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I’m glad to share with you my new senior school life.
I have adapted well to the new school, which is twice bigger than my previous one. There is a big gym, where we can enjoy all sorts of ball games. Besides, we don’t have fixed classrooms. Instead, we go to different classes for different subjects.
What I like most is chemistry class because we can do a lot of experiments, which bring us a lot of fun. What’s more, there are many kinds of clubs, and I joined the English Drama Club. We can meet every Monday and rehearse various English plays.
How’s your school life in the UK?
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回一封邮件，告诉他你的校园学习生活。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad →happy
此外：besides → what’s more
适应：adapt to →adjust to
各种各样的：various → a variety of
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Besides, we don’t have fixed classrooms. Instead, we go to different classes for different subjects.
拓展句：Besides, we don’t have fixed classrooms because we go to different classes for different subjects.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I have adapted well to the new school, which is twice bigger than my previous one.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】What I like most is chemistry class because we can do a lot of experiments, which bring us a lot of fun.（运用了what引导的主语从句、because引导原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
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