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2022-2023学年浙江省绍兴市奉化区高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年浙江省绍兴市奉化区高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年浙江省绍兴市奉化区高一（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Different cultures have their unique celebrations of the calendar New Year's traditions.Now let's learn some of famous New Year's traditions around the world.
The Netherlands
Amsterdam hosts one of the world's largest street parties on New Year's Eve.If you attend,buy some oliebollen to eat at mid-night.It is usually believed that eating these deep fried oily balls will drive away evil spirits in the New Year.Dam Square （the craziest），Nieuwmarkt,and Leidseplein host unofficial street parties with music,fireworks and beer tents.Amsterdam's celebration is not for the casual partier：Some attendants have compared it to a war zone!
Scotland
Celebrating Hogmanay,which stands for the last day of the year,is a big deal in Scotland.It is so grand that it often overshadows Christmas.Christmas was outlawed by the Church of Scotland for nearly four centuries,and it didn't make a comeback until 1958.Though the holiday has regained its popularity,the New Year Festival of Hogmanay still holds a sacred place in Scottish hearts.
Australia
Sydney Harbor hosts one of the biggest New Year's Eve celebrations in the world.It's mid-summer in the southern part of globe,and thousands of people gather around the Opera House in advance.An air-plane show and a water display open the celebration at 6：00 pm.A family-friendly fireworks show starts at 9：00 pm,while the main attraction-the Harbor Light Parade is at midnight.
The United States
Each year,hundreds of thousands of people flock to New York City to see the Big Apple drop at midnight.This New Year's Eve tradition actually began as a replacement for fireworks,which had been forbidden in New York.In addition to watching balls drop,in other US cities you can watch peaches,giant walleye,and other locally relevant symbols lowered as the clock strikes midnight.
1. What is eating oliebollen mainly related to？ ______
A. History. B. Custom. C. Literature. D. Location.
2. Travelers who like to see the show on the water may go to ______ .
A. Australia B. Scotland
C. The Netherland D. The United States
3. The passage may be taken from ______ .
A. a geographic book B. a travelling research
C. an advertisement D. a tourist brochure
B
Last Monday，I visited Jalan Besar to find a new fan blade for a standing fan that my daughters had broken.
I'd worked in the Jalan Besar area 30 years ago and remembered that there were lots of small hardware shops selling unusual things so I thought that I would have no problem finding a fan blade.However，after walking around for almost an hour，I found out that these shops were no longer around.
When I was ready to give up and go home，I spotted an old-fashioned hardware store.After being greeted by a woman，I explained my predicament.She immediately asked me to show her the broken blade.Out of nowhere，a man who looked to be in his 60s came out.
He asked to see the blade and then disappeared into the shop.He came back with a blade but it did not look the same as what I had in my hand.We compared the two blades and he said that it might work.
I asked him how much it was.He told me that he had taken the blade off an old fan that someone had brought in for repair.He said： "It didn't cost me anything，so why should I charge you for it？" That really touched me.I took the blade home and it work perfectly!My daughters got a "new" fan for nothing.
When I told them this story，they were shocked as they are used to patronizing big modern shops where everything is transactional and the employees go strictly by the book.Not so much my wife.She is almost in her 60s，and said this reminded her of the kind aunties and uncles who used to run small shops and were always ready to help others when she was growing up.
4. Why did the author go to Jalan Besar？ ______
A. To visit old friends. B. To fix the broken fan.
C. To apply for a job. D. To buy a new fan.
5. What does the underlined word "predicament" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Nervous mood. B. Anxious waiting.
C. Difficult situation. D. Embarrassing moments.
6. Which of the following can best describe the old man？ ______
A. Honest and helpful. B. Kind and brave.
C. Determined and curious. D. Open-minded and humorous.
7. How did the author's wife react to his experience？ ______
A. She thought little of it. B. She was greatly surprised.
C. She couldn't believe it. D. She remembered the old days.
C
There is a saying about the south-western Chinese province of Guizhou： "Not three feet of flat land，not three days without rain，not a family with three silver coins." But，with the help of a spicy sauce，Tao Huabi，also known as China's "hottest woman"，has well and truly opposed this rule.
Born in 1947，the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou，Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write.She spent her childhood hungry，and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots，according to a biography on Weibo.When her husband died，she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself.She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s.When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang，she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.In 1996，she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang，and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born.
Miranda Brown，professor of Chinese studies at the University of Michigan，who is writing a book on the history of Chinese food，says that in China，Lao Gan Ma's popularity is mainly because her products are natural.Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions.And today Lao Gan Ma is also increasingly popular overseas，especially in the US.
According to its website，the company produces 1.3 million bottles daily，helping the historically poor Guizhou achieve 10.5% growth-the second fastest of every Chinese province that year，and ahead of the national rate of 6.7%.
As for the godmother herself，an article in Yicai Global describes her as the Queen of a "red kingdom" of chilli fields.
8. Why is the saying mentioned in paragraph 1？ ______
A. To introduce the topic of the passage.
B. To serve as background information.
C. To attract the interest of the readers.
D. To describe the present Guizhou.
9. What does the second paragraph focus on？ ______
A. Tao's growth process. B. Tao's living conditions.
C. The hardships faced by Tao. D. The development of the company.
10. According to Miranda Brown，what is the reason for Lao Gan Ma's popularity？ ______
A. Low price. B. Spicy taste.
C. Local ingredients. D. Positive comments.
11. What can we learn from Tao's story？ ______
A. God helps those who help themselves.
B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Well begun，half done.
D. Many hands make light work.
D
A new research led by University of Pittsburgh psychologists shows that older adults may be able to prevent declines (衰退) in a certain kind of memory by sticking to regular exercise.
From the study, exercising about three times a week for at least four months is how much people need to obtain the benefits in episodic memory. Episodic memory, which is supported by a part of the brain that's known to benefit from exercise, is the kind that deals with events that happened to you in the past. It's also one of the first to decline with age.
Exercise that gets the heart pumping has shown promise in increasing brain health, and experiments in mice show that it improves memory—but studies looking at the same link in humans have come out mixed.
During the research, the team read 1,279 studies carefully, eventually narrowing them down to just 36 that met specific criteria (标准). Then they used specialized software and no small number of Excel spreadsheets to transform the data into a form where the different studies could be directly compared. That work paid off when they found that pooling together those 36 studies was enough to show that for older adults, exercise can indeed benefit their memory.
Past analyses looking at connections between exercise and memory didn't find one, but the team took several extra steps to give them the best chance of finding a link if one did exist. They limited their search to particular groups and age ranges as well as a specific kind of strict experimental setup. Another key was focusing specifically on episodic memory.
With that much larger pool of participants, the team was able to show a link between exercise and episodic memory. The team also found the greatest effects of exercise in those who hadn't yet experienced any cognitive (认知的) decline.
12. What can we learn about "episodic memory"?
A. It benefits from regular exercise.
B. It has nothing to do with age.
C. It deals with things happening now.
D. It is connected with the whole brain.
13. How did the team get their study result?
A. By carrying out 1,279 studies. B. By making specific criteria.
C. By doing experiments in mice. D. By comparing different studies.
14. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A. The team got the findings by chance.
B. The participants were chosen from all ages.
C. The study focused on all kinds of memories.
D. People without cognitive decline benefit most from exercise.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Benefits from Regular Exercise.
B. Advice on How to Exercise for the Old.
C. Studies Find Ways to Improve Memories.
D. Exercise Helps the Older Keep Memories.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
If you've got a lot of information coming at you，or you need to pick up a new skill in a short time，no worries.（1） ______ To help you do it，we' ve put together a list of things you can do to improve your ability to learn quickly and effectively.
（ 2） ______
The right mindset can help you learn more effectively.Try to remind yourself that you're learning something to improve your knowledge and skills.Think about all of the benefits that come with it.Avoid worst-case thinking and focus on the possible positive outcomes（结果）.It can make a huge difference.
Test yourself as often as you can.
It's a great way to figure out what you need to learn.Go through the information you're trying to learn and ask yourself questions about the material.If you answer correctly，great!（3） ______ If you have access to practice tests，use them to challenge your memory.The more you test yourself，the more confident you'll be that you know the information.
Practice a task in different ways to learn more quickly.
Changing the way you practice can help you improve.If you're trying to learn a task or skill，practice is super important and one of the most effective ways to get better.（4） ______ Instead，try mixing it up and practicing a different way each time，which can help your mind strengthen your memories，making you learn more quickly.
Exercise regularly.
It'll improve both your health and your memory.Studies show that regular periods of exercise can significantly improve your memory.Try to get at least 30 minutes each day.Use exercise as a healthy way to take a break from your studies，which will also actually help with your recall.Try out a group fitness class，go for a run or bike ride，or lift some weights.（5） ______
A.Use mental images to help remember things.
B.Keep a positive attitude when you're learning.
C.If not，find the right answer and try to remember it.
D.But don't just practice the same way over and over.
E.Do anything that you feel comfortable doing—just get active!
F.If you test yourself regularly，you will remember what you're learning better.
G.The good news is that you can use some strategies to improve your learning ability.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
When the host announce that my choir （合唱队） won the second place of the World Choir Game，I couldn't believe what I heard.All the（1） ______ that we made was worthwhile Through this unforgettable experience，1 （2） ______ much.
In the semi finals we were supposed to sing four songs.When we played the third song，I suddenly heard an unexpected（3） ______ -a girl in the alto（女低音） got quick.The other students in the alto were（4） ______ by the girl and were getting quicker and quicker.Our choir's leader，Mrs Lee noticed it and（5） ______ used her hand to keep time，but she （6） ______ .
After the song the smile on Mrs Lee's face froze and some of our members turned and tried to find the person who first got （7） ______ My mind was blank，but quickly I realized the only thing we Could do was to （8） ______ the performance.Then with a smile.Mrs Lee became a（9） ______ again，who seemed to have totally forgot what we had done.We sang the（10） ______ song as usual.
After the competition I was（11） ______ Just because of one person's fault.the whole choir must afford the fact that we might lose the game.I cried，but then I found nothing would change no matter how hard we（12） ______ the girl who played poorly.（13） ______ ，I came to her，encouraged her and practiced the whole melody with her.In the finals，we got the medal because of our（14） ______ performance.
Never blame a person when she makes a mistake，but help her to solve the problem when you are struggling toward the same goal.No matter what you will experience with others in the future，successes or failures，laughter or tears，these will surely become your precious treasure and（15） ______ .
21. A. promises B. efforts C. requirements D. differences
22. A. contributed B. attempted C. learned D. challenged
23. A. Instruction B. girl C. voice D. song
24. A. driven away B. led away C. given away D. turned away
25. A. similarly B. gracefully C. regretfully D. immediately
26. A. failed B. quit C. lost D. struck
27. A. sick B. wrong C. unique D. slow
28. A. arrange B. stop C. complete D. concentrate
29. A. conductor B. singer C. dancer D. teacher
30. A. same B. only C. first D. last
31. A. disappointed B. embarrassed C. excited D. impressed
32. A. blamed B. attacked C. called D. alarmed
33. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Instead D. Additionally
34. A. creative B. classic C. perfect D. advanced
35. A. strengths B. surprise C. sadness D. memory
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Throughout history，mankind have been working hard on the space （1） ______ （explore） to learn more about the universe though it was thought（2） ______ （possible） before the mid-20th century.However，so many scientists were determined to make the human dream to explore space realized.With the first satellite launched and orbiting around Earth successfully，Yuri became the first astronaut （3） ______ （ send） into space in 1961.After that，American astronaut Neil Armstrong succeeded in stepping onto the moon.Although the failure of Challenger was（4） ______ （disappoint），human beings went on with their desire to explore the universe.
（ 5） ______ （follow） Russia and America，China became the third country in the world to send humans into space（6） ______ （independent） in 2003，（7） ______ Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth.Since then，China （8） ______ （make） great progress in exploring space.Shenzhou 6 and 7 were sent into space，the Tiangong 2 docked with Tianzhou 1，and Chang'e 4 landed on the moon.
Exploring space has already made （9） ______ difference and has provided the world（10） ______ many different benefits.Therefore，it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's problems.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack知道你校下周有一个关于中国传统文化的讲座，他想来参加，发邮件向你询问有关讲座的信息。请你给他回复一封邮件，告知相关情况，内容包括：
（1）讲座的时间和地点；
（2）讲座的内容；
（3）欢迎他参加。
注意：
（1）词数80左右；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
38. 第二节读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One summer afternoon，when I was about eight years of age，I was looking at a beautiful rainbow that，bending from the sky，seemed to be losing itself in a thick wood about a quarter of a mile distant.
"Do you know，Gracie，" said my brother，who was just recovering from a severe illness，weak and tired， "that if you should go to the end of the rainbow，you would find there precious treasures？"
"Is it truly so？" I asked.
"Truly so，" answered my brother，with a smile but a very serious face.
Now，I was a simple-hearted child who believed everything that was told to me；so，without another word，I rushed out toward the wood.My brother called after me as loudly as he was able to，but I did not take any notice of him.
I cared nothing for the wet grass，on and on I ran.I was so sure that I knew just where that rainbow ended.But when I reached the cedars （雪松林），the end of the rainbow was not there!
Abruptly I saw it shining down among the trees a little farther off；so on and on I struggled，through the thick bushes，till I came within the sound of a stream.I reached the bank of the stream，and I could see it a little way off on the other side.I crossed the stream on a fallen tree，and still ran on，though my muscles were aching and my knees shaking.
Suddenly I met in my way a large porcupine （豪猪）.I ran away from him as fast as my tired feet would carry me.In my flight and hurry I forgot to keep my eye on the rainbow，and when，at last，I remembered and looked for it，it was nowhere in sight!
When I saw that it was indeed gone，I burst into tears，for I had lost all my treasures，and had nothing but muddy feet and a wet and torn dress.So I set out for home.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
（2）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：
But I soon found that my troubles had only begun.
Paragraph 2：
At last I heard my own name called.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"If you attend,buy some oliebollen to eat at mid-night.It is usually believed that eating these deep fried oily balls will drive away evil spirits in the New Year."（如果你参加的话，在午夜买点吃的。通常认为，吃这些油炸油球会在新年赶走恶鬼。）可知，荷兰除夕夜持油炸油球是因为可以驱邪，这和当地习俗有关。A.History.历史；B.Custom.习俗；C.Literature.文化；D.Location.位置。故选B。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章第四段"An air-plane show and a water display open the celebration at 6：00 pm."（下午6点，一场飞机表演和水上表演拉开了庆典的序幕。）可知，喜欢看水上表演的游客可以去澳大利亚。故选A。
（3）D.文章出处题。结合全文，主要讲的是一些国家的新年庆祝活动。故这篇文章可能来自旅游手册。结合选项A.a geographic book一本地理书；B.a travelling research旅行研究；C.an advertisement一则广告；D.a tourist brochure一本旅游手册。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地几种不同的庆祝新年的传统。
阅读理解，要先通读全文，再结合题目到文章中针对性的寻找与题目相关的细节，抓关键词、关键句，仔细推敲，结合选项，逐一排除，如是错误选项，一定要明白表达错误所在；如是正确选项，一定是完全符合原文作者所要表达的意思、观点或想法，或与文章中某些细节完全相符。
4~7.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Last Monday，I visited Jalan Besar to find a new fan blade for a standing fan that my daughters had broken.（上周一，我去Jalan Besar为我女儿们弄坏的一个立式风扇找了一个新风扇叶片）可知，作者去Jalan Besar是为了修理坏掉的风扇。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段I'd worked in the Jalan Besar area 30 years ago and remembered that there were lots of small hardware shops selling unusual things so I thought that I would have no problem finding a fan blade.However，after walking around for almost an hour，I found out that these shops were no longer around.（30年前，我在Jalan Besar地区工作过，记得那里有很多小五金店出售不寻常的东西，所以我想我可以很容易地找到一个风扇叶片。然而，在走了将近一个小时后，我发现这些商店已经不在了）"可知，作者找不到可以买到风扇叶片的商店了，即遇到了困境。故划线词意思是"困境"。A．Nervous mood.紧张的情绪；B．Anxious waiting.焦急的等待；C．Difficult situation.困难的处境；D．Embarrassing moments.尴尬时刻。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段He asked to see the blade and then disappeared into the shop.He came back with a blade but it did not look the same as what I had in my hand.We compared the two blades and he said that it might work.（他要求看一下那叶片，然后就消失在店里了。他拿着一个叶片回来了，但它看起来和我手里的不一样。我们比较了两种叶片，他说可能有用）以及第五段中的He said： "It didn't cost me anything，so why should I charge you for it？（他说："我没花一分钱，为什么要收你钱呢？"）可推知，老人诚实又乐于助人。A．Honest and helpful.诚实且乐于助人；B．Kind and brave.善良而勇敢；C．Determined and curious.坚定而好奇；D．Open-minded and humorous.思想开放且幽默风趣。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的She is almost in her 60s，and said this reminded her of the kind aunties and uncles who used to run small shops and were always ready to help others when she was growing up.（她已经快60岁了，她说这让她想起了自己成长过程中善良的叔叔阿姨，他们曾经经营着小商店，总是乐于帮助别人）可知，作者的妻子记得过去的日子。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去商店买风扇的叶片，结果没有买到。一个老人免费给了作者一个能用的叶片，作者非常感动。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、A、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段There is a saying about the south-western Chinese province of Guizhou： "Not three feet of flat land，not three days without rain，not a family with three silver coins." But，with the help of a spicy sauce，Tao Huabi，also known as China's "hottest woman"，has well and truly opposed this rule.（关于中国西南部的贵州省有一句谚语："没有三尺平地，没有三天不下雨，没有一个家庭有三个银币。"但是，在辣酱的帮助下，陶华碧，也被称为中国"最辣的女人"，很好地和真正地反对这一规则。）可知第一段提到这句话是作为背景资料。A.To introduce the topic of the passage.介绍文章的主题；B.To serve as background information.作为背景资料；C.To attract the interest of the readers.来吸引读者的兴趣；D.To describe the present Guizhou.来形容现在的贵州。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段Born in 1947，the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou，Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write.She spent her childhood hungry，and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots，according to a biography on Weibo.When her husband died，she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself.She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s.When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang，she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.In 1996，she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang，and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born.（陶生于1947年，是贵州山区一个贫困家庭的第八个女儿，没有上过学，也没有学过读写。根据微博上的一篇传记，她在饥饿中度过了童年，并通过吃植物根茎躲过了中国大饥荒。丈夫去世后，她搬到了贵阳，开始卖自己做的酱面条。她最终在20世纪90年代开了这家名字迷人的经济型餐厅。当一条新的高速公路把卡车司机带到贵阳时，她给了他们免费的调味酱罐子，他们就把消息传开了。1996年，她在贵阳的一所房子里开办了工厂，一年后老干妈风味食品公司诞生了。）可知第二节重点介绍陶的成长历程。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段in China，Lao Gan Ma's popularity is mainly because her products are natural.Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions.（在中国，老干妈的受欢迎主要是因为她的产品是天然的。中国消费者倾向于想要完美混合地方风味的食物，并使用来自这些地区土壤的原料。）可知老干妈受欢迎的原因是本地食材。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第二段She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s.When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang，she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.（她最终在20世纪90年代开了这家名字迷人的经济型餐厅。当一条新的高速公路把卡车司机带到贵阳时，她给了他们免费的调味酱罐子，他们就把消息传开了。）和第三段in China，Lao Gan Ma's popularity is mainly because her products are natural.Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions.（在中国，老干妈的受欢迎主要是因为她的产品是天然的。中国消费者倾向于想要完美混合地方风味的食物，并使用来自这些地区土壤的原料。）可知我们从陶的故事中学到了一个道理：天助自助者。A.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者；B.Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母；C.Well begun，half done.好的开始等于成功的一半；D.Many hands make light work.人多力量大。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在中国，老干妈的受欢迎主要是因为她的产品是天然的。中国消费者倾向于想要完美混合地方风味的食物，并使用来自这些地区土壤的原料。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】A、D、D、D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是匹兹堡大学心理学家领导的一项新研究表明，老年人可以通过坚持定期锻炼来防止某种记忆衰退。
1. 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是匹兹堡大学心理学家领导的一项新研究表明，老年人可以通过坚持定期锻炼来防止某种记忆衰退。
根据第二段中的From the study, exercising about three times a week for at least four months is how much people need to obtain the benefits in episodic memory.（根据这项研究，每周锻炼三次，坚持至少四个月，是人们获得情景记忆益处所需的运动量。）可知，情景记忆受益于定期锻炼。故选A。
2. 根据第四段中的During the research, …a form where the different studies could be directly compared.（在研究过程中，研究团队仔细阅读了1279份研究报告，最终将其缩小到满足特定标准的36份。然后，他们使用专门的软件和大量的Excel电子表格将数据转换成一种可以直接比较不同研究的形式。）可知，这个团队通过比较不同的研究得到他们的研究结果的。故选D。
3. 根据最后一段中的The team also found the greatest effects of exercise in those who hadn't yet experienced any cognitive (认知的) decline.（研究小组还发现，锻炼对那些尚未经历任何认知能力下降的人的影响最大。）可推断出，没有认知能力下降的人从运动中获益最多。故选D。
4. 通读全文，尤其第一段内容（匹兹堡大学心理学家领导的一项新研究表明，老年人可以通过坚持定期锻炼来防止某种记忆衰退。）可知，本文主要讲的是定期锻炼对老年人的记忆有帮助，因此最好的题目是D选项（锻炼有助于老年人保持记忆）。故选D。
16~20.【答案】G、B、C、D、E
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前面If you've got a lot of information coming at you，or you need to pick up a new skill in a short time，no worries.（如果你收到了很多信息，或者你需要在短时间内掌握一项新技能，那么不用担心。）以及后面To help you do it，we' ve put together a list of things you can do to improve your ability to learn quickly and effectively.（为了帮助你做到这一点，我们列出了一系列你可以做的事情，以提高你快速有效地学习的能力。）可知，选项G"好消息是你可以使用一些策略来提高你的学习能力"符合上下文逻辑关系，故选G。
（2）标题概括题。根据下文The right mindset can help you learn more effectively.Try to remind yourself that you're learning something to improve your knowledge and skills.Think about all of the benefits that come with it.Avoid worst-case thinking and focus on the possible positive outcomes（结果）.It can make a huge difference.（正确的心态可以帮助你更有效地学习。试着提醒自己，你正在学习一些东西，以提高你的知识和技能。想想它带来的所有好处。避免最坏的想法，专注于可能的积极结果。这会带来巨大的不同。）可知，本段主要讲的是在学习中要保持良好的学习状态，故选项B"学习时保持积极的态度"可以作为本段小标题，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文Go through the information you're trying to learn and ask yourself questions about the material.If you answer correctly，great!（仔细阅读你试图学习的信息，并问自己有关材料的问题。如果你回答正确，那就太好了！）以及下文If you have access to practice tests，use them to challenge your memory.（如果你有机会进行练习测试，就用它们来挑战你的记忆力。）可知，选项C"如果不行的话，找到正确的答案并试着记住它"符合逻辑关系，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前面If you're trying to learn a task or skill，practice is super important and one of the most effective ways to get better.（如果你想学习一项任务或技能，练习是非常重要的，也是最有效的方法之一。）以及后面的Instead，try mixing it up and practicing a different way each time（相反，试着把它混合起来，每次练习不同的方式）可知，选项D"但不要只是反复练习同样的方法"符合上下文逻辑关系，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据前面的Try out a group fitness class，go for a run or bike ride，or lift some weights.（试着参加集体健身课，跑步或骑自行车，或者举重。）可知，选项E"做任何你觉得舒服的事，只要积极起来！"符合逻辑关系，故选E。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了能够提高快速有效学习能力的几种方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、C、C、B、D、A、B、C、A、D、A、A、B、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.promises承诺，诺言；B.efforts努力；C.requirement要求；D.differences不同。句意：我们所有的努力都有了意义。根据前文"When the host announced that my choir won the second place of the World Choir Game，I couldn't believe what I heard."（当主持人宣布我的合唱团获得世界合唱比赛第二名时，我简直不敢相信）可知，此处是指"我"们所有的努力都有了意义。故答案为B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.contributed贡献；B.attempted尝试；C.learned学习；D.challenged挑战。句意：通过这次难忘的经历，我学到了很多。根据最后一段Never blame a person when she makes a mistake，but help her to solve the problem when you are struggling toward the same goal.（当一个人犯错时，永远不要责怪她，而要在你们为同一个目标而奋斗时，帮助她解决问题）可知，这是"我"从这次难忘的经历中学到的道理。故答案为C。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.Instruction指导；B.girl女孩；C.voice嗓音；D.song歌曲。句意：当我们唱第三首歌时，我突然听到一个意想不到的嗓音。根据下句"a girl in the alto（女低音） got quick. "可知此处指"嗓音"，故答案为C。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.driven away赶走；B.led away引走；C.given away泄露；D.turned away转身离开。句意：女中音里的其他同学都被那个女孩带错了，他们越来越快了。根据下句"were getting quicker and quicker"可知，女中音里的其他同学都被那个女孩带错了。故答案为B。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.similarly同样的，类似的；B.gracefully优雅地；C.regretfully后悔地；D.immediately立刻，马上。根据上句"Mrs Li noticed it"可知，领队李老师注意到了节奏过快之后必定是立即用手来合拍子。故答案为D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.failed失败；B.quit放弃；C.lost丢失；D.struck袭击。句意：我们唱诗班的领队李老师注意到了这一点，立即用手来合拍子，但她没能做到。根据下句After the song the smile on Mrs Lee's face froze（李老师脸上的笑容凝固了）可知，李老师没能把大家带到正确的调上来，故答案为A。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.sick生病的；B.wrong错误的；C.unique独特的；D.slow缓慢的。句意：唱完歌后，李老师脸上的笑容凝固了，我们的一些成员转过身来，试图找出第一个唱错的人。根据空前"tried to find the person"可知，此处是指在唱完歌后成员们试图找出第一个唱错的人。故答案为B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.arrange安排；B.stop停止；C.complete完成；D.concentrate专注于。句意：我的脑子一片空白，但很快我意识到我们唯一能做的就是完成整个过程。根据后文" We sang the （10）song as usual. "（我们像往常一样唱最后一首歌）可知，此处是指他们继续完成整个过程。故答案为C。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.conductor指挥；B.singer歌手；C.dancer舞蹈家；D.teacher老师。句意：然后，李老师微笑着又当上了指挥，她似乎完全忘记了我们所做的一切。根据后文"who seemed to have totally forgot what we had done. "可知，此处是指李老师微笑着又当上了指挥。故答案为A。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.same相同的；B.only唯一的；C.first第一，首先；D.last最后的。句意：我们像往常一样唱最后一支歌。根据下句"After the competition"可知此处指"最后一支歌"，故答案为D。
（11）考查形容词和动词及语境理解。A.disappointed失望的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.excited兴奋的；D.impressed留下印象。根据下句Just because of one person's fault.the whole choir must afford the fact that we might lose the game可知仅仅因为一个人的错误，整个合唱团必须接受我们可能会输掉比赛的事实。说明我非常失望。故答案为A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.blamed责怪；B.attacked攻击；C.called打电话；D.alarmed警告。句意：但是后来我发现无论我们怎么责怪那个唱的不好的女孩，都不会改变结果。根据后文"the girl who played poorly"可知，此处指"责怪那个唱的不好的女孩"，故答案为A。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.Otherwise否则；B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反；D.Additionally此外。句意：因此，我走近她，鼓励她，和她练习整个旋律。根据上文语境，因为无论怎么责怪那个唱的不好的女孩，都不会改变结果，因此，走近她，鼓励她，和她练习整个旋律，故答案为B。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.creative创新的；B.classic经典的；C.perfect完美的；D.advanced先进的。句意：在决赛中，因为我们表现完美，获得了奖牌。根据上句"we got the medal "可知，最后我们获得了奖牌，说明我们表现得很完美，故答案为C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.strength力量；B.surprise惊奇；C.sadness悲哀；D.memory记忆。句意：无论你将来在别人身上经历什么，成功或失败，欢笑或泪水，这些都将成为你宝贵的财富和记忆。根据后文"or tears"可知，or前后词义相反，所以此处是指欢笑或泪水。故答案为D。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过在一次合唱比赛时意外失误，没有去责怪那个犯错的人而是和她一起练习，最后取得成功的故事，告诉我们：当为了同一个目标奋斗时，不要去责备一个人，而是要去帮助他解决问题。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
36.【答案】【小题1】exploration
【小题2】impossible
【小题3】to be sent
【小题4】disappointing
【小题5】Following
【小题6】independently
【小题7】when
【小题8】has made
【小题9】a
【小题10】with
【解析】（1）考查不可数名词。句意：纵观历史，人类一直在努力进行太空探索，以了解更多的宇宙，尽管这在20世纪中叶之前被认为是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词exploration作介词on的宾语，exploration为抽象名词，不可数。故填exploration。
（2）考查形容词。句意：纵观历史，人类一直在努力进行太空探索，以了解更多的宇宙，尽管这在20世纪中叶之前被认为是不可能的。结合句意"尽管在20世纪中期前它被认为是不可能的"可知，此处应填形容词impossible"不可能的"作主语补足语，说明主语it的特征。故填impossible。
（3）考查动词不定式的被动式。句意：随着第一颗卫星成功发射并绕地球轨道运行，尤里于1961年成为第一位被送入太空的宇航员。根据前文序数词the first可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，且the astronaut和send之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用不定式的被动形式，即to be done。故填to be sent。
（4）考查形容词。句意：虽然挑战者号的失败令人失望，但人类仍然有探索宇宙的愿望。分析可知，此处应填修饰物的形容词disappointing"令人失望"作表语。故填disappointing。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功地绕地球轨道飞行，继俄罗斯和美国之后，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，China和follow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Following。
（6）考查副词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功地绕地球轨道飞行，继俄罗斯和美国之后，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。分析可知，此处应填副词independently作状语，修饰动词send。故填independently。
（7）考查定语从句关系词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功地绕地球轨道飞行，继俄罗斯和美国之后，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为2003，指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
（8）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：从那时起，中国在探索太空方面取得了巨大进展。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语since then可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词应用has。故填has made。
（9）考查冠词。句意：探索太空已经产生了影响，并为世界带来了许多不同的好处。make a difference"产生影响"，固定短语。故填a。
（10）考查介词。句意：探索太空已经产生了影响，并为世界带来了许多不同的好处。provide sb.with sth."提供某物给某人"，固定搭配。故填with。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索宇宙的几个具有历史意义的重大事件及影响。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear Jack，
Knowing that you are interested in the lecture on traditional Chinese culture held in our school，I am more than glad to share with you the detailed information.（写信目的）
The lecture is scheduled at 7：00 next Monday evening at the Student Center，which will be delivered by Mr.Wang，a famous expert on traditional Chinese culture.【高分句型一】（讲座的时间和地点）According to the plan，he will first introduce some influential Chinese operas，and following that，he will give us live performance of Yue Opera，which is popular in Zhejiang Province.【高分句型二】（讲座的内容）
You are warmly welcome to attend the lecture.（欢迎他参加）
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：The lecture is scheduled at 7：00 next Monday evening at the Student Center，which will be delivered by Mr.Wang，a famous expert on traditional Chinese culture.
译文：讲座定于下周一晚上7：00在学生中心举行，由著名国学专家王先生主讲。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：According to the plan，he will first introduce some influential Chinese operas，and following that，he will give us live performance of Yue Opera，which is popular in Zhejiang Province.
译文：根据计划，他将首先介绍一些有影响力的中国戏曲，然后为我们现场表演流行于浙江省的越剧。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语following it作状语，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
But I soon found that my troubles had only begun.I lost my way!I was shivering with cold，with my empty stomach rumbling.The night wind howled ruthlessly，nameless creatures murmured in the dark and the moonlight shone weakly on the ground.Filled with fright，I dragged my exhausted body inching forward.Eventually，I sat beside the stream，my arms and legs aching.Regretful for my simple-minded behavior about the missing rainbow and treasures，I burst into tears again.（作者在回家路上遇到的困难。）
Paragraph 2：
At last I heard my own name called.The voice came from distance，but I could figure out it was my brother. 【高分句型一】"Here!Here!" I shrieked at the top of my lung.My weak brother made his way to me，his eyes filled with concern.A sense of apparent relief enveloped me.I threw myself to him and hugged him tightly.Following him，I arrived at home safe and sound finally.【高分句型二】Now，it becomes an indispensable memory in my childhood.（作者在哥哥的帮助下回家。）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者听了哥哥的话，认为在彩虹的尽头会找到珍宝，作者向树林里跑去，但是却什么也没有找到，除了泥泞的脚和一件湿漉漉的破衣服。
高分句型一 The voice came from distance，but I could figure out it was my brother.
翻译：声音从远处传来，但我能认出是我哥哥。
分析：句中使用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句。
高分句型二 Following him，I arrived at home safe and sound finally.
翻译：跟着他，我终于平安到家了。
分析：句中使用了现在分词短语Following him作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年浙江省绍兴市奉化区高一（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Different cultures have their unique celebrations of the calendar New Year's traditions.Now let's learn some of famous New Year's traditions around the world.
The Netherlands
Amsterdam hosts one of the world's largest street parties on New Year's Eve.If you attend,buy some oliebollen to eat at mid-night.It is usually believed that eating these deep fried oily balls will drive away evil spirits in the New Year.Dam Square （the craziest），Nieuwmarkt,and Leidseplein host unofficial street parties with music,fireworks and beer tents.Amsterdam's celebration is not for the casual partier：Some attendants have compared it to a war zone!
Scotland
Celebrating Hogmanay,which stands for the last day of the year,is a big deal in Scotland.It is so grand that it often overshadows Christmas.Christmas was outlawed by the Church of Scotland for nearly four centuries,and it didn't make a comeback until 1958.Though the holiday has regained its popularity,the New Year Festival of Hogmanay still holds a sacred place in Scottish hearts.
Australia
Sydney Harbor hosts one of the biggest New Year's Eve celebrations in the world.It's mid-summer in the southern part of globe,and thousands of people gather around the Opera House in advance.An air-plane show and a water display open the celebration at 6：00 pm.A family-friendly fireworks show starts at 9：00 pm,while the main attraction-the Harbor Light Parade is at midnight.
The United States
Each year,hundreds of thousands of people flock to New York City to see the Big Apple drop at midnight.This New Year's Eve tradition actually began as a replacement for fireworks,which had been forbidden in New York.In addition to watching balls drop,in other US cities you can watch peaches,giant walleye,and other locally relevant symbols lowered as the clock strikes midnight.
1. What is eating oliebollen mainly related to？ ______
A. History. B. Custom. C. Literature. D. Location.
2. Travelers who like to see the show on the water may go to ______ .
A. Australia B. Scotland
C. The Netherland D. The United States
3. The passage may be taken from ______ .
A. a geographic book B. a travelling research
C. an advertisement D. a tourist brochure
B
Last Monday，I visited Jalan Besar to find a new fan blade for a standing fan that my daughters had broken.
I'd worked in the Jalan Besar area 30 years ago and remembered that there were lots of small hardware shops selling unusual things so I thought that I would have no problem finding a fan blade.However，after walking around for almost an hour，I found out that these shops were no longer around.
When I was ready to give up and go home，I spotted an old-fashioned hardware store.After being greeted by a woman，I explained my predicament.She immediately asked me to show her the broken blade.Out of nowhere，a man who looked to be in his 60s came out.
He asked to see the blade and then disappeared into the shop.He came back with a blade but it did not look the same as what I had in my hand.We compared the two blades and he said that it might work.
I asked him how much it was.He told me that he had taken the blade off an old fan that someone had brought in for repair.He said： "It didn't cost me anything，so why should I charge you for it？" That really touched me.I took the blade home and it work perfectly!My daughters got a "new" fan for nothing.
When I told them this story，they were shocked as they are used to patronizing big modern shops where everything is transactional and the employees go strictly by the book.Not so much my wife.She is almost in her 60s，and said this reminded her of the kind aunties and uncles who used to run small shops and were always ready to help others when she was growing up.
4. Why did the author go to Jalan Besar？ ______
A. To visit old friends. B. To fix the broken fan.
C. To apply for a job. D. To buy a new fan.
5. What does the underlined word "predicament" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Nervous mood. B. Anxious waiting.
C. Difficult situation. D. Embarrassing moments.
6. Which of the following can best describe the old man？ ______
A. Honest and helpful. B. Kind and brave.
C. Determined and curious. D. Open-minded and humorous.
7. How did the author's wife react to his experience？ ______
A. She thought little of it. B. She was greatly surprised.
C. She couldn't believe it. D. She remembered the old days.
C
There is a saying about the south-western Chinese province of Guizhou： "Not three feet of flat land，not three days without rain，not a family with three silver coins." But，with the help of a spicy sauce，Tao Huabi，also known as China's "hottest woman"，has well and truly opposed this rule.
Born in 1947，the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou，Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write.She spent her childhood hungry，and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots，according to a biography on Weibo.When her husband died，she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself.She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s.When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang，she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.In 1996，she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang，and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born.
Miranda Brown，professor of Chinese studies at the University of Michigan，who is writing a book on the history of Chinese food，says that in China，Lao Gan Ma's popularity is mainly because her products are natural.Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions.And today Lao Gan Ma is also increasingly popular overseas，especially in the US.
According to its website，the company produces 1.3 million bottles daily，helping the historically poor Guizhou achieve 10.5% growth-the second fastest of every Chinese province that year，and ahead of the national rate of 6.7%.
As for the godmother herself，an article in Yicai Global describes her as the Queen of a "red kingdom" of chilli fields.
8. Why is the saying mentioned in paragraph 1？ ______
A. To introduce the topic of the passage.
B. To serve as background information.
C. To attract the interest of the readers.
D. To describe the present Guizhou.
9. What does the second paragraph focus on？ ______
A. Tao's growth process. B. Tao's living conditions.
C. The hardships faced by Tao. D. The development of the company.
10. According to Miranda Brown，what is the reason for Lao Gan Ma's popularity？ ______
A. Low price. B. Spicy taste.
C. Local ingredients. D. Positive comments.
11. What can we learn from Tao's story？ ______
A. God helps those who help themselves.
B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Well begun，half done.
D. Many hands make light work.
D
A new research led by University of Pittsburgh psychologists shows that older adults may be able to prevent declines (衰退) in a certain kind of memory by sticking to regular exercise.
From the study, exercising about three times a week for at least four months is how much people need to obtain the benefits in episodic memory. Episodic memory, which is supported by a part of the brain that's known to benefit from exercise, is the kind that deals with events that happened to you in the past. It's also one of the first to decline with age.
Exercise that gets the heart pumping has shown promise in increasing brain health, and experiments in mice show that it improves memory—but studies looking at the same link in humans have come out mixed.
During the research, the team read 1,279 studies carefully, eventually narrowing them down to just 36 that met specific criteria (标准). Then they used specialized software and no small number of Excel spreadsheets to transform the data into a form where the different studies could be directly compared. That work paid off when they found that pooling together those 36 studies was enough to show that for older adults, exercise can indeed benefit their memory.
Past analyses looking at connections between exercise and memory didn't find one, but the team took several extra steps to give them the best chance of finding a link if one did exist. They limited their search to particular groups and age ranges as well as a specific kind of strict experimental setup. Another key was focusing specifically on episodic memory.
With that much larger pool of participants, the team was able to show a link between exercise and episodic memory. The team also found the greatest effects of exercise in those who hadn't yet experienced any cognitive (认知的) decline.
12. What can we learn about "episodic memory"?
A. It benefits from regular exercise.
B. It has nothing to do with age.
C. It deals with things happening now.
D. It is connected with the whole brain.
13. How did the team get their study result?
A. By carrying out 1,279 studies. B. By making specific criteria.
C. By doing experiments in mice. D. By comparing different studies.
14. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A. The team got the findings by chance.
B. The participants were chosen from all ages.
C. The study focused on all kinds of memories.
D. People without cognitive decline benefit most from exercise.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Benefits from Regular Exercise.
B. Advice on How to Exercise for the Old.
C. Studies Find Ways to Improve Memories.
D. Exercise Helps the Older Keep Memories.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
If you've got a lot of information coming at you，or you need to pick up a new skill in a short time，no worries.（1） ______ To help you do it，we' ve put together a list of things you can do to improve your ability to learn quickly and effectively.
（ 2） ______
The right mindset can help you learn more effectively.Try to remind yourself that you're learning something to improve your knowledge and skills.Think about all of the benefits that come with it.Avoid worst-case thinking and focus on the possible positive outcomes（结果）.It can make a huge difference.
Test yourself as often as you can.
It's a great way to figure out what you need to learn.Go through the information you're trying to learn and ask yourself questions about the material.If you answer correctly，great!（3） ______ If you have access to practice tests，use them to challenge your memory.The more you test yourself，the more confident you'll be that you know the information.
Practice a task in different ways to learn more quickly.
Changing the way you practice can help you improve.If you're trying to learn a task or skill，practice is super important and one of the most effective ways to get better.（4） ______ Instead，try mixing it up and practicing a different way each time，which can help your mind strengthen your memories，making you learn more quickly.
Exercise regularly.
It'll improve both your health and your memory.Studies show that regular periods of exercise can significantly improve your memory.Try to get at least 30 minutes each day.Use exercise as a healthy way to take a break from your studies，which will also actually help with your recall.Try out a group fitness class，go for a run or bike ride，or lift some weights.（5） ______
A.Use mental images to help remember things.
B.Keep a positive attitude when you're learning.
C.If not，find the right answer and try to remember it.
D.But don't just practice the same way over and over.
E.Do anything that you feel comfortable doing—just get active!
F.If you test yourself regularly，you will remember what you're learning better.
G.The good news is that you can use some strategies to improve your learning ability.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
When the host announce that my choir （合唱队） won the second place of the World Choir Game，I couldn't believe what I heard.All the（1） ______ that we made was worthwhile Through this unforgettable experience，1 （2） ______ much.
In the semi finals we were supposed to sing four songs.When we played the third song，I suddenly heard an unexpected（3） ______ -a girl in the alto（女低音） got quick.The other students in the alto were（4） ______ by the girl and were getting quicker and quicker.Our choir's leader，Mrs Lee noticed it and（5） ______ used her hand to keep time，but she （6） ______ .
After the song the smile on Mrs Lee's face froze and some of our members turned and tried to find the person who first got （7） ______ My mind was blank，but quickly I realized the only thing we Could do was to （8） ______ the performance.Then with a smile.Mrs Lee became a（9） ______ again，who seemed to have totally forgot what we had done.We sang the（10） ______ song as usual.
After the competition I was（11） ______ Just because of one person's fault.the whole choir must afford the fact that we might lose the game.I cried，but then I found nothing would change no matter how hard we（12） ______ the girl who played poorly.（13） ______ ，I came to her，encouraged her and practiced the whole melody with her.In the finals，we got the medal because of our（14） ______ performance.
Never blame a person when she makes a mistake，but help her to solve the problem when you are struggling toward the same goal.No matter what you will experience with others in the future，successes or failures，laughter or tears，these will surely become your precious treasure and（15） ______ .
21. A. promises B. efforts C. requirements D. differences
22. A. contributed B. attempted C. learned D. challenged
23. A. Instruction B. girl C. voice D. song
24. A. driven away B. led away C. given away D. turned away
25. A. similarly B. gracefully C. regretfully D. immediately
26. A. failed B. quit C. lost D. struck
27. A. sick B. wrong C. unique D. slow
28. A. arrange B. stop C. complete D. concentrate
29. A. conductor B. singer C. dancer D. teacher
30. A. same B. only C. first D. last
31. A. disappointed B. embarrassed C. excited D. impressed
32. A. blamed B. attacked C. called D. alarmed
33. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Instead D. Additionally
34. A. creative B. classic C. perfect D. advanced
35. A. strengths B. surprise C. sadness D. memory
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Throughout history，mankind have been working hard on the space （1） ______ （explore） to learn more about the universe though it was thought（2） ______ （possible） before the mid-20th century.However，so many scientists were determined to make the human dream to explore space realized.With the first satellite launched and orbiting around Earth successfully，Yuri became the first astronaut （3） ______ （ send） into space in 1961.After that，American astronaut Neil Armstrong succeeded in stepping onto the moon.Although the failure of Challenger was（4） ______ （disappoint），human beings went on with their desire to explore the universe.
（ 5） ______ （follow） Russia and America，China became the third country in the world to send humans into space（6） ______ （independent） in 2003，（7） ______ Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth.Since then，China （8） ______ （make） great progress in exploring space.Shenzhou 6 and 7 were sent into space，the Tiangong 2 docked with Tianzhou 1，and Chang'e 4 landed on the moon.
Exploring space has already made （9） ______ difference and has provided the world（10） ______ many different benefits.Therefore，it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's problems.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack知道你校下周有一个关于中国传统文化的讲座，他想来参加，发邮件向你询问有关讲座的信息。请你给他回复一封邮件，告知相关情况，内容包括：
（1）讲座的时间和地点；
（2）讲座的内容；
（3）欢迎他参加。
注意：
（1）词数80左右；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
38. 第二节读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One summer afternoon，when I was about eight years of age，I was looking at a beautiful rainbow that，bending from the sky，seemed to be losing itself in a thick wood about a quarter of a mile distant.
"Do you know，Gracie，" said my brother，who was just recovering from a severe illness，weak and tired， "that if you should go to the end of the rainbow，you would find there precious treasures？"
"Is it truly so？" I asked.
"Truly so，" answered my brother，with a smile but a very serious face.
Now，I was a simple-hearted child who believed everything that was told to me；so，without another word，I rushed out toward the wood.My brother called after me as loudly as he was able to，but I did not take any notice of him.
I cared nothing for the wet grass，on and on I ran.I was so sure that I knew just where that rainbow ended.But when I reached the cedars （雪松林），the end of the rainbow was not there!
Abruptly I saw it shining down among the trees a little farther off；so on and on I struggled，through the thick bushes，till I came within the sound of a stream.I reached the bank of the stream，and I could see it a little way off on the other side.I crossed the stream on a fallen tree，and still ran on，though my muscles were aching and my knees shaking.
Suddenly I met in my way a large porcupine （豪猪）.I ran away from him as fast as my tired feet would carry me.In my flight and hurry I forgot to keep my eye on the rainbow，and when，at last，I remembered and looked for it，it was nowhere in sight!
When I saw that it was indeed gone，I burst into tears，for I had lost all my treasures，and had nothing but muddy feet and a wet and torn dress.So I set out for home.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
（2）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：
But I soon found that my troubles had only begun.
Paragraph 2：
At last I heard my own name called.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"If you attend,buy some oliebollen to eat at mid-night.It is usually believed that eating these deep fried oily balls will drive away evil spirits in the New Year."（如果你参加的话，在午夜买点吃的。通常认为，吃这些油炸油球会在新年赶走恶鬼。）可知，荷兰除夕夜持油炸油球是因为可以驱邪，这和当地习俗有关。A.History.历史；B.Custom.习俗；C.Literature.文化；D.Location.位置。故选B。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章第四段"An air-plane show and a water display open the celebration at 6：00 pm."（下午6点，一场飞机表演和水上表演拉开了庆典的序幕。）可知，喜欢看水上表演的游客可以去澳大利亚。故选A。
（3）D.文章出处题。结合全文，主要讲的是一些国家的新年庆祝活动。故这篇文章可能来自旅游手册。结合选项A.a geographic book一本地理书；B.a travelling research旅行研究；C.an advertisement一则广告；D.a tourist brochure一本旅游手册。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地几种不同的庆祝新年的传统。
阅读理解，要先通读全文，再结合题目到文章中针对性的寻找与题目相关的细节，抓关键词、关键句，仔细推敲，结合选项，逐一排除，如是错误选项，一定要明白表达错误所在；如是正确选项，一定是完全符合原文作者所要表达的意思、观点或想法，或与文章中某些细节完全相符。
4~7.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Last Monday，I visited Jalan Besar to find a new fan blade for a standing fan that my daughters had broken.（上周一，我去Jalan Besar为我女儿们弄坏的一个立式风扇找了一个新风扇叶片）可知，作者去Jalan Besar是为了修理坏掉的风扇。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段I'd worked in the Jalan Besar area 30 years ago and remembered that there were lots of small hardware shops selling unusual things so I thought that I would have no problem finding a fan blade.However，after walking around for almost an hour，I found out that these shops were no longer around.（30年前，我在Jalan Besar地区工作过，记得那里有很多小五金店出售不寻常的东西，所以我想我可以很容易地找到一个风扇叶片。然而，在走了将近一个小时后，我发现这些商店已经不在了）"可知，作者找不到可以买到风扇叶片的商店了，即遇到了困境。故划线词意思是"困境"。A．Nervous mood.紧张的情绪；B．Anxious waiting.焦急的等待；C．Difficult situation.困难的处境；D．Embarrassing moments.尴尬时刻。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段He asked to see the blade and then disappeared into the shop.He came back with a blade but it did not look the same as what I had in my hand.We compared the two blades and he said that it might work.（他要求看一下那叶片，然后就消失在店里了。他拿着一个叶片回来了，但它看起来和我手里的不一样。我们比较了两种叶片，他说可能有用）以及第五段中的He said： "It didn't cost me anything，so why should I charge you for it？（他说："我没花一分钱，为什么要收你钱呢？"）可推知，老人诚实又乐于助人。A．Honest and helpful.诚实且乐于助人；B．Kind and brave.善良而勇敢；C．Determined and curious.坚定而好奇；D．Open-minded and humorous.思想开放且幽默风趣。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的She is almost in her 60s，and said this reminded her of the kind aunties and uncles who used to run small shops and were always ready to help others when she was growing up.（她已经快60岁了，她说这让她想起了自己成长过程中善良的叔叔阿姨，他们曾经经营着小商店，总是乐于帮助别人）可知，作者的妻子记得过去的日子。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去商店买风扇的叶片，结果没有买到。一个老人免费给了作者一个能用的叶片，作者非常感动。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、A、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段There is a saying about the south-western Chinese province of Guizhou： "Not three feet of flat land，not three days without rain，not a family with three silver coins." But，with the help of a spicy sauce，Tao Huabi，also known as China's "hottest woman"，has well and truly opposed this rule.（关于中国西南部的贵州省有一句谚语："没有三尺平地，没有三天不下雨，没有一个家庭有三个银币。"但是，在辣酱的帮助下，陶华碧，也被称为中国"最辣的女人"，很好地和真正地反对这一规则。）可知第一段提到这句话是作为背景资料。A.To introduce the topic of the passage.介绍文章的主题；B.To serve as background information.作为背景资料；C.To attract the interest of the readers.来吸引读者的兴趣；D.To describe the present Guizhou.来形容现在的贵州。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段Born in 1947，the eighth daughter of a poor family in a village of mountainous Guizhou，Tao did not go to school and did not learn to read or write.She spent her childhood hungry，and survived the Great Chinese Famine by eating plant roots，according to a biography on Weibo.When her husband died，she moved to the city of Guiyang and started selling noodles with a sauce that she made herself.She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s.When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang，she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.In 1996，she set a factory up in a house in Guiyang，and a year later Lao Gan Ma Special Flavour Foodstuffs Company was born.（陶生于1947年，是贵州山区一个贫困家庭的第八个女儿，没有上过学，也没有学过读写。根据微博上的一篇传记，她在饥饿中度过了童年，并通过吃植物根茎躲过了中国大饥荒。丈夫去世后，她搬到了贵阳，开始卖自己做的酱面条。她最终在20世纪90年代开了这家名字迷人的经济型餐厅。当一条新的高速公路把卡车司机带到贵阳时，她给了他们免费的调味酱罐子，他们就把消息传开了。1996年，她在贵阳的一所房子里开办了工厂，一年后老干妈风味食品公司诞生了。）可知第二节重点介绍陶的成长历程。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段in China，Lao Gan Ma's popularity is mainly because her products are natural.Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions.（在中国，老干妈的受欢迎主要是因为她的产品是天然的。中国消费者倾向于想要完美混合地方风味的食物，并使用来自这些地区土壤的原料。）可知老干妈受欢迎的原因是本地食材。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第二段She eventually opened the charmingly named Economical Restaurant in the 1990s.When a new highway brought truck drivers to Guiyang，she gave them free jars of the sauce and they spread the word.（她最终在20世纪90年代开了这家名字迷人的经济型餐厅。当一条新的高速公路把卡车司机带到贵阳时，她给了他们免费的调味酱罐子，他们就把消息传开了。）和第三段in China，Lao Gan Ma's popularity is mainly because her products are natural.Chinese consumers tend to want foods that perfectly mix regional flavors and use ingredients grown from the soil of those regions.（在中国，老干妈的受欢迎主要是因为她的产品是天然的。中国消费者倾向于想要完美混合地方风味的食物，并使用来自这些地区土壤的原料。）可知我们从陶的故事中学到了一个道理：天助自助者。A.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者；B.Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母；C.Well begun，half done.好的开始等于成功的一半；D.Many hands make light work.人多力量大。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在中国，老干妈的受欢迎主要是因为她的产品是天然的。中国消费者倾向于想要完美混合地方风味的食物，并使用来自这些地区土壤的原料。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】A、D、D、D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是匹兹堡大学心理学家领导的一项新研究表明，老年人可以通过坚持定期锻炼来防止某种记忆衰退。
1. 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是匹兹堡大学心理学家领导的一项新研究表明，老年人可以通过坚持定期锻炼来防止某种记忆衰退。
根据第二段中的From the study, exercising about three times a week for at least four months is how much people need to obtain the benefits in episodic memory.（根据这项研究，每周锻炼三次，坚持至少四个月，是人们获得情景记忆益处所需的运动量。）可知，情景记忆受益于定期锻炼。故选A。
2. 根据第四段中的During the research, …a form where the different studies could be directly compared.（在研究过程中，研究团队仔细阅读了1279份研究报告，最终将其缩小到满足特定标准的36份。然后，他们使用专门的软件和大量的Excel电子表格将数据转换成一种可以直接比较不同研究的形式。）可知，这个团队通过比较不同的研究得到他们的研究结果的。故选D。
3. 根据最后一段中的The team also found the greatest effects of exercise in those who hadn't yet experienced any cognitive (认知的) decline.（研究小组还发现，锻炼对那些尚未经历任何认知能力下降的人的影响最大。）可推断出，没有认知能力下降的人从运动中获益最多。故选D。
4. 通读全文，尤其第一段内容（匹兹堡大学心理学家领导的一项新研究表明，老年人可以通过坚持定期锻炼来防止某种记忆衰退。）可知，本文主要讲的是定期锻炼对老年人的记忆有帮助，因此最好的题目是D选项（锻炼有助于老年人保持记忆）。故选D。
16~20.【答案】G、B、C、D、E
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前面If you've got a lot of information coming at you，or you need to pick up a new skill in a short time，no worries.（如果你收到了很多信息，或者你需要在短时间内掌握一项新技能，那么不用担心。）以及后面To help you do it，we' ve put together a list of things you can do to improve your ability to learn quickly and effectively.（为了帮助你做到这一点，我们列出了一系列你可以做的事情，以提高你快速有效地学习的能力。）可知，选项G"好消息是你可以使用一些策略来提高你的学习能力"符合上下文逻辑关系，故选G。
（2）标题概括题。根据下文The right mindset can help you learn more effectively.Try to remind yourself that you're learning something to improve your knowledge and skills.Think about all of the benefits that come with it.Avoid worst-case thinking and focus on the possible positive outcomes（结果）.It can make a huge difference.（正确的心态可以帮助你更有效地学习。试着提醒自己，你正在学习一些东西，以提高你的知识和技能。想想它带来的所有好处。避免最坏的想法，专注于可能的积极结果。这会带来巨大的不同。）可知，本段主要讲的是在学习中要保持良好的学习状态，故选项B"学习时保持积极的态度"可以作为本段小标题，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文Go through the information you're trying to learn and ask yourself questions about the material.If you answer correctly，great!（仔细阅读你试图学习的信息，并问自己有关材料的问题。如果你回答正确，那就太好了！）以及下文If you have access to practice tests，use them to challenge your memory.（如果你有机会进行练习测试，就用它们来挑战你的记忆力。）可知，选项C"如果不行的话，找到正确的答案并试着记住它"符合逻辑关系，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前面If you're trying to learn a task or skill，practice is super important and one of the most effective ways to get better.（如果你想学习一项任务或技能，练习是非常重要的，也是最有效的方法之一。）以及后面的Instead，try mixing it up and practicing a different way each time（相反，试着把它混合起来，每次练习不同的方式）可知，选项D"但不要只是反复练习同样的方法"符合上下文逻辑关系，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据前面的Try out a group fitness class，go for a run or bike ride，or lift some weights.（试着参加集体健身课，跑步或骑自行车，或者举重。）可知，选项E"做任何你觉得舒服的事，只要积极起来！"符合逻辑关系，故选E。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了能够提高快速有效学习能力的几种方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、C、C、B、D、A、B、C、A、D、A、A、B、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.promises承诺，诺言；B.efforts努力；C.requirement要求；D.differences不同。句意：我们所有的努力都有了意义。根据前文"When the host announced that my choir won the second place of the World Choir Game，I couldn't believe what I heard."（当主持人宣布我的合唱团获得世界合唱比赛第二名时，我简直不敢相信）可知，此处是指"我"们所有的努力都有了意义。故答案为B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.contributed贡献；B.attempted尝试；C.learned学习；D.challenged挑战。句意：通过这次难忘的经历，我学到了很多。根据最后一段Never blame a person when she makes a mistake，but help her to solve the problem when you are struggling toward the same goal.（当一个人犯错时，永远不要责怪她，而要在你们为同一个目标而奋斗时，帮助她解决问题）可知，这是"我"从这次难忘的经历中学到的道理。故答案为C。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.Instruction指导；B.girl女孩；C.voice嗓音；D.song歌曲。句意：当我们唱第三首歌时，我突然听到一个意想不到的嗓音。根据下句"a girl in the alto（女低音） got quick. "可知此处指"嗓音"，故答案为C。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.driven away赶走；B.led away引走；C.given away泄露；D.turned away转身离开。句意：女中音里的其他同学都被那个女孩带错了，他们越来越快了。根据下句"were getting quicker and quicker"可知，女中音里的其他同学都被那个女孩带错了。故答案为B。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.similarly同样的，类似的；B.gracefully优雅地；C.regretfully后悔地；D.immediately立刻，马上。根据上句"Mrs Li noticed it"可知，领队李老师注意到了节奏过快之后必定是立即用手来合拍子。故答案为D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.failed失败；B.quit放弃；C.lost丢失；D.struck袭击。句意：我们唱诗班的领队李老师注意到了这一点，立即用手来合拍子，但她没能做到。根据下句After the song the smile on Mrs Lee's face froze（李老师脸上的笑容凝固了）可知，李老师没能把大家带到正确的调上来，故答案为A。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.sick生病的；B.wrong错误的；C.unique独特的；D.slow缓慢的。句意：唱完歌后，李老师脸上的笑容凝固了，我们的一些成员转过身来，试图找出第一个唱错的人。根据空前"tried to find the person"可知，此处是指在唱完歌后成员们试图找出第一个唱错的人。故答案为B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.arrange安排；B.stop停止；C.complete完成；D.concentrate专注于。句意：我的脑子一片空白，但很快我意识到我们唯一能做的就是完成整个过程。根据后文" We sang the （10）song as usual. "（我们像往常一样唱最后一首歌）可知，此处是指他们继续完成整个过程。故答案为C。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.conductor指挥；B.singer歌手；C.dancer舞蹈家；D.teacher老师。句意：然后，李老师微笑着又当上了指挥，她似乎完全忘记了我们所做的一切。根据后文"who seemed to have totally forgot what we had done. "可知，此处是指李老师微笑着又当上了指挥。故答案为A。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.same相同的；B.only唯一的；C.first第一，首先；D.last最后的。句意：我们像往常一样唱最后一支歌。根据下句"After the competition"可知此处指"最后一支歌"，故答案为D。
（11）考查形容词和动词及语境理解。A.disappointed失望的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.excited兴奋的；D.impressed留下印象。根据下句Just because of one person's fault.the whole choir must afford the fact that we might lose the game可知仅仅因为一个人的错误，整个合唱团必须接受我们可能会输掉比赛的事实。说明我非常失望。故答案为A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.blamed责怪；B.attacked攻击；C.called打电话；D.alarmed警告。句意：但是后来我发现无论我们怎么责怪那个唱的不好的女孩，都不会改变结果。根据后文"the girl who played poorly"可知，此处指"责怪那个唱的不好的女孩"，故答案为A。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.Otherwise否则；B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反；D.Additionally此外。句意：因此，我走近她，鼓励她，和她练习整个旋律。根据上文语境，因为无论怎么责怪那个唱的不好的女孩，都不会改变结果，因此，走近她，鼓励她，和她练习整个旋律，故答案为B。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.creative创新的；B.classic经典的；C.perfect完美的；D.advanced先进的。句意：在决赛中，因为我们表现完美，获得了奖牌。根据上句"we got the medal "可知，最后我们获得了奖牌，说明我们表现得很完美，故答案为C。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.strength力量；B.surprise惊奇；C.sadness悲哀；D.memory记忆。句意：无论你将来在别人身上经历什么，成功或失败，欢笑或泪水，这些都将成为你宝贵的财富和记忆。根据后文"or tears"可知，or前后词义相反，所以此处是指欢笑或泪水。故答案为D。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过在一次合唱比赛时意外失误，没有去责怪那个犯错的人而是和她一起练习，最后取得成功的故事，告诉我们：当为了同一个目标奋斗时，不要去责备一个人，而是要去帮助他解决问题。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
36.【答案】【小题1】exploration
【小题2】impossible
【小题3】to be sent
【小题4】disappointing
【小题5】Following
【小题6】independently
【小题7】when
【小题8】has made
【小题9】a
【小题10】with
【解析】（1）考查不可数名词。句意：纵观历史，人类一直在努力进行太空探索，以了解更多的宇宙，尽管这在20世纪中叶之前被认为是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词exploration作介词on的宾语，exploration为抽象名词，不可数。故填exploration。
（2）考查形容词。句意：纵观历史，人类一直在努力进行太空探索，以了解更多的宇宙，尽管这在20世纪中叶之前被认为是不可能的。结合句意"尽管在20世纪中期前它被认为是不可能的"可知，此处应填形容词impossible"不可能的"作主语补足语，说明主语it的特征。故填impossible。
（3）考查动词不定式的被动式。句意：随着第一颗卫星成功发射并绕地球轨道运行，尤里于1961年成为第一位被送入太空的宇航员。根据前文序数词the first可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，且the astronaut和send之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用不定式的被动形式，即to be done。故填to be sent。
（4）考查形容词。句意：虽然挑战者号的失败令人失望，但人类仍然有探索宇宙的愿望。分析可知，此处应填修饰物的形容词disappointing"令人失望"作表语。故填disappointing。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功地绕地球轨道飞行，继俄罗斯和美国之后，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，China和follow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Following。
（6）考查副词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功地绕地球轨道飞行，继俄罗斯和美国之后，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。分析可知，此处应填副词independently作状语，修饰动词send。故填independently。
（7）考查定语从句关系词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成功地绕地球轨道飞行，继俄罗斯和美国之后，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为2003，指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
（8）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：从那时起，中国在探索太空方面取得了巨大进展。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语since then可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词应用has。故填has made。
（9）考查冠词。句意：探索太空已经产生了影响，并为世界带来了许多不同的好处。make a difference"产生影响"，固定短语。故填a。
（10）考查介词。句意：探索太空已经产生了影响，并为世界带来了许多不同的好处。provide sb.with sth."提供某物给某人"，固定搭配。故填with。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索宇宙的几个具有历史意义的重大事件及影响。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear Jack，
Knowing that you are interested in the lecture on traditional Chinese culture held in our school，I am more than glad to share with you the detailed information.（写信目的）
The lecture is scheduled at 7：00 next Monday evening at the Student Center，which will be delivered by Mr.Wang，a famous expert on traditional Chinese culture.【高分句型一】（讲座的时间和地点）According to the plan，he will first introduce some influential Chinese operas，and following that，he will give us live performance of Yue Opera，which is popular in Zhejiang Province.【高分句型二】（讲座的内容）
You are warmly welcome to attend the lecture.（欢迎他参加）
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：The lecture is scheduled at 7：00 next Monday evening at the Student Center，which will be delivered by Mr.Wang，a famous expert on traditional Chinese culture.
译文：讲座定于下周一晚上7：00在学生中心举行，由著名国学专家王先生主讲。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：According to the plan，he will first introduce some influential Chinese operas，and following that，he will give us live performance of Yue Opera，which is popular in Zhejiang Province.
译文：根据计划，他将首先介绍一些有影响力的中国戏曲，然后为我们现场表演流行于浙江省的越剧。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语following it作状语，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
But I soon found that my troubles had only begun.I lost my way!I was shivering with cold，with my empty stomach rumbling.The night wind howled ruthlessly，nameless creatures murmured in the dark and the moonlight shone weakly on the ground.Filled with fright，I dragged my exhausted body inching forward.Eventually，I sat beside the stream，my arms and legs aching.Regretful for my simple-minded behavior about the missing rainbow and treasures，I burst into tears again.（作者在回家路上遇到的困难。）
Paragraph 2：
At last I heard my own name called.The voice came from distance，but I could figure out it was my brother. 【高分句型一】"Here!Here!" I shrieked at the top of my lung.My weak brother made his way to me，his eyes filled with concern.A sense of apparent relief enveloped me.I threw myself to him and hugged him tightly.Following him，I arrived at home safe and sound finally.【高分句型二】Now，it becomes an indispensable memory in my childhood.（作者在哥哥的帮助下回家。）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者听了哥哥的话，认为在彩虹的尽头会找到珍宝，作者向树林里跑去，但是却什么也没有找到，除了泥泞的脚和一件湿漉漉的破衣服。
高分句型一 The voice came from distance，but I could figure out it was my brother.
翻译：声音从远处传来，但我能认出是我哥哥。
分析：句中使用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句。
高分句型二 Following him，I arrived at home safe and sound finally.
翻译：跟着他，我终于平安到家了。
分析：句中使用了现在分词短语Following him作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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