Unit 2 Colours 课时2 Reading-九年级英语上册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）

Unit 2 Colours
Reading
知识精讲

知识点01 influence 教材P 22
【用法详解】
influence n. 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事； vt. 影响；改变
have influence on  对……的影响
What exactly is the influence of television on children?  电视对儿童究竟有什么影响？ 
【典例讲解】
Though Confucius has been dead for such a long time , we ________ still ________ by his ideas.
A.were; influenced B.have; been influenced
C.are; influenced D.will; be influenced
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：尽管孔子已经逝世很长时间了，我们仍然被他的观点影响着。考查动词的时态和语态。句子是一般现在时，主语“we”和动词“influence”之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动形式“are influenced”。故选C。
【拓展】influence 与effect, affect 区别
affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思。
This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。
effect 指“实现”、“达成”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。
This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法起了变化。
influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的，潜移默化的影响”。
Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.
在一位中学生物教师的影响下，他从事医学研究。
知识点02 mood 教材P 22
【用法详解】
mood n. 心情，情绪
in a good/ bad mood 心情好/坏 in no mood for sth/ to do sth 没有心情做某事
change one’s mood 改变情绪 a man of moods 喜怒无常的人
I’m not in the mood to disagree with you. 我没有心思跟你争论。
【典例讲解】
– What’s the matter with Tommy?
– He is ____________.
– Oh, you can tell him to share worries with his friends and ____________.
A.in a bad mood; cheer him up B.in good mood; cheer himself up
C.in a bad mood; cheer himself up D.in good moods; cheer up him
【答案】A
【解析】
句意；汤米怎么了？——他情绪很不好。——你可以告诉他和朋友分享烦恼，让她高兴起来。本句中mood指的是他的情绪，表示单数含义。结合语境可知此处值得是让汤米高兴起来，故人称代词用him，选A。
知识点03 wonder 教材P 22
【用法详解】
wonder v.
1. 纳闷，想知道 wonder about
I wonder whether you like her. 我不知道你是否喜欢她。
2. 觉得奇怪；不明白 wonder at
I wonder at her rudeness. 我对她的粗鲁感到惊讶。
wonder n.
1. 惊奇，惊异，惊叹[U]
There was a look of wonder in his eyes. 他眼中露出惊奇的神色。
No wonder he works so hard. 难怪他工作如此努力。
2. 奇迹，奇观，奇事[C]
It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storied building.
他从一幢十层楼房子的屋顶上摔下来,但仍然活着,真是奇迹。

【典例讲解】
1) ________ you’re tired; you’ve been walking for hours.
A. In wonder B. Do wonders
C. Not wonder D. No wonder
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：难怪你累了，你已经走了好几个小时了。A. In wonder在惊奇中；B. Do wonders创造奇迹；C. Not wonder，wonder的否定式； D. No wonder无怪乎/难怪。考查副词短语辨析题。根据句意语境，可知No wonder符合题意，故选D。
2) —I wonder ________.
—That’s for sure. He is not a little boy any more.
A. when he can make his own decision B. whether he can make his own decision
C. when can he make his own decision D. whether can he make his own decision
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：——我想知道他是否能自己做决定。——那是肯定的。他不再是个小男孩了。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，根据主句“I wonder”推断从句是表疑问，所以排除表时间的引导词A、C；根据宾语从句要按照陈述句的语序，排除疑问句语序的选项D，故选B。
知识点04 explain 教材P 22
【用法详解】
explain v. 解释 explanation n. 解释
explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 explain oneself  为自己辩解；说明自己意图
explain away  通过解释消除 explain clearly  阐明，清晰的解释
【典例讲解】
After reviewing the new words, he ________ the text.
A. went on to explain B. went on explaining
C. preferred explaining D. stopped explaining
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：复习完新单词后，他继续讲解课文。考查动词用法。go on to do sth 继续做另一件事；go on doing sth 继续做原来的事；prefer doing 更喜欢做某事，宁愿做某事；stop doing 停止做某事，停下正在做的事。根据前面“After reviewing the new words”及空后“the text”可知，此处是做完复习新单词这一件事后，他继续作解释课文的另一件事。故选A。
知识点05 relaxed 教材P 22
【用法详解】
relaxed adj. 感到放松的，在句中常用来修饰人。
relaxing adj. 令人放松的，通常用来修饰物。
relax v. 放松，休息；松懈，松弛；变从容；休养; 
relax oneself  放松自己；放松某人自己
【典例讲解】
The ____________ song can help us be ____________.
A. relaxing; relaxed B. relaxing; relaxing
C. relaxed; relaxing D. relaxed; relaxed
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：这首轻松的歌可以帮助我们放松。relaxing“令人放松的”，常用来修饰说明物；relaxed“放松的”，常用来形容人。由此得知选A。
知识点06 peace 教材P 22
【用法详解】
peace n. 和平；平静；和睦；秩序
peaceful adj. 和平的，爱好和平的；平静的
peacefully adv. 平静地；和平地
peace of mind 内心的宁静；明镜止水 in peace   和平地；安静，宁静；安祥地
【典例讲解】
May those who got killed in the bombing rest .
A.in pieces B.in peace C.in a peace D.in peaces
【答案】B
【解析】
句意“愿在爆炸中牺牲的人安息”。
in pieces破碎的；peace为不可数名词，in peace和平的，安静的。根据句意可知，译为“死者安息”，rest in peace安息，故选B。
知识点07 sadness 教材P 22
【用法详解】
sadness n. 悲哀；悲伤，悲痛；使人悲伤的事
sad adj. 难过的；悲哀的，令人悲痛的
sadly adv. 悲哀地；悲痛地
【典例讲解】
Don’t look at your school report, Amy. Stand up from now on and get rid of（消除） to have a new beginning.
A .sad；sadness B. sadly；sadness C. sad；sadly
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：别伤心地看你的成绩单，艾米。从现在起站起来，摆脱悲伤，重新开始。考查词汇辨析，sad形容词，伤心的；sadness名词，悲伤；sadly副词，伤心地。观察句子，第一空这里是修饰动词look，应该用副词形式；第二空get rid of sth.消除某事，用在介词后，应该用名词，故选B。
【拓展】-ness为名词后缀，通常位于形容词之后，将形容词转化为抽象名词，表示性质、状态、程度等。
carelessness happiness illness kindness darkness blindness
知识点08 purity 教材P 22
【用法详解】
purity n. 纯度；纯洁；纯净；纯粹 high purity  高纯度
White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures. 
在西方文化中，白色一向象征纯洁。
pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的；清白的；纯理论的
The air was sweet and pure.  空气清新而纯净。
purely adv. 纯粹地；仅仅，只不过；完全地；贞淑地；清洁地
【典例讲解】
They worried about the ___________ of tap water.  (pure)
【答案】purity
【解析】句意：他们担心自来水的纯净度。要填的词之前有定冠词the修饰，所以这里只能用pure的名词
知识点09 prefer 教材P 23
【用法详解】
prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升
1) prefer A to B 比起B，更喜欢A。
I  prefer jazz to rock music.  我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。
2) prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事
We prefer to travel off-season.  我们喜欢在淡季旅游。
I prefer to work to a deadline.  我喜欢按规定的期限完成工作。
3) prefer doing A to doing B 比起做B，更喜欢做A。
I prefer walking to climbing.  我喜欢散步多于喜欢爬山。
【典例讲解】
The gold watch is very expensive, ________he won’t buy it. He ________a plastic one.
A. but; prefers buying B. and; prefers buying
C.so; prefers to buy D. or, prefers to buy
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：这只金表很贵，所以他不买。他更喜欢买一只塑料表。
考查并列连词和动词辨析。but：但是，表示转折；and：和，而且，那么，表示并列，顺承或递进；so：因此，表示因果关系；or：或者，表示选择关系。第一句是并列句，前后句是因果关系，可知填so。短语prefer doing sth.=prefer to do sth.：更喜欢做某事，第2句可填prefers buying或prefers to buy。故选C。
【拓展】
preferred adj. 优先的；首选的; v. 偏爱（prefer的过去分词）
preference n. 偏爱，倾向；优先权
知识点10 create 教材P 23
【用法详解】
create v. 创造，创作；造成
We set business free to create more jobs.  我们让企业自由以创造更多的就业机会。
They’ve painted it red to create a feeling of warmth.  他们把它刷成红色以造成一种温暖的感觉。
creative adj. 创造性的
Let your imagination run wild and be creative. 
让你的想象力自由驰骋发挥创意吧。
creation n. 创造，创作；创作物，产物
Education itself is a kind of creation.  教育本身就是一种创造。
【典例讲解】
Next week about six new dishes ________ by the cools in our restaurant.
A.was created B.is created C.has been create D.will be created
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：下周我们餐厅的厨师们将制作六道新菜。考查将来时被动语态。主语是“six new dishes” ，和谓语动词create之间存在被动关系，根据时间状语Next week可知，用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是will be done的形式，create是动词，创作，创造，此处用过去分词created，故选D。
知识点11 cheer up 教材P 23
【用法详解】
cheer v/ n. 欢呼，喝彩声；愉快 cheerful adj. 快乐的；愉快的；高兴的
cheer up 使高兴；高兴起来；使振奋 cheer for  为…欢呼，喝彩；给…加油
Cheer up, Becky, and let’s go on trying.  振作起来，贝基，我们去试试。
Cheer up, you still have time to try it again.  振作起来，你还有时间再试一次。
Let’s cheer for the athletes. 让我们为运动员加油。
Let’s cheer for the winner.  让我们为获胜者而欢呼。
【典例讲解】
When I am feeling blue, I prefer _______ around the lake ______ myself up.
A. to walk; to cheering B. to walk; to cheer
C. walking; to cheering D. walk; to cheer
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：当我感到忧伤时，我喜欢在湖边散步让自己振作起来。考查prefer及不定式用法。prefer常用三个搭配，prefer A to B，比起B来更喜欢A；prefer doing A to doing B，比起做B这件事更喜欢做A这件事；prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事。此处容易错选C选项，如果选C选项，句子是I prefer walking around the lake to cheering me up. 意为比起让我振作起来我更喜欢围着湖散步，实际上二者不构成比较关系，“让自己振作起来”应该是“绕着湖散步”的目的。应该选B，空格一为prefer to do sth, 表示更喜欢绕着湖散步；空格二为不定式作目的状语。故选B。
知识点12 remind 教材P 23
【用法详解】
remind v. 提醒，使想起 remind sb of sth 使...想起; 回想起；提醒
This reminded them of the days when they were in the university. 这使他们回想起上大学的日子。
remind sb (not) to do sth 提醒某人（不要）做某事
He often reminds me to make calls to my parents. 他经常提醒我打电话给我父母亲。
remind sb that... 提醒某人...
He reminded me that I had seen the movie. 他提醒我，我曾经看过这部电影。
【典例讲解】
—Don’t forget to attend the meeting this afternoon.
—________. I _________ just now.
A.I don’t. reminded B.I won’t; reminded
C.I don’t; was reminded D.I won’t; was reminded
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：——别忘了参加今天下午的会议.——我不会。刚才有人提醒过我。考查动词时态和语态辨析题。答句I是动词remind（使想起）的受动者，需用被动语态，可排除AB两项。根据句意语境，可知“the meeting this afternoon”还没有开，“我不会”需用将来时，故选D。

知识点13 success 教材P 23
【用法详解】
success n. 成功 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地
succeed v. 成功过 succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth
What’s the secret of your success? 你成功的秘诀是什么？
I think it’s going to be successful.  我认为它将会成功。
He was very successful in his middle forties.  他在四十五六岁时很成功。
They successfully communicate their knowledge to others.  他们成功地把他们的知识传达给别人。
Sooner or later we will succeed.  我们迟早会成功的。
【典例讲解】
Tom _________ in making a model plane. It was a _________.
A. succeed; success B. succeeded; success
C. succeeds; successful D. succeeded; successful
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：Tom成功做了一个模型飞机。这是成功的。考查词义辨析。succeed成功，动词；success成功，名词。successful成功的，形容词。根据“in making a model plane”可知，此处用固定搭配succeed in doing sth“成功做某事”，根据“was”，可知，此句用一般过去时。第二个空前a修饰名词，故选B。
【拓展】success 既是可数名词也是不可数名词
1. success的基本意思是“成功，成就，胜利”，是抽象名词，不可数，也不可加不定冠词a修饰。
Confidence is the key to success . 信心是成功的关键。
2. success还可作“成功的事或人”“一次成败”解,这时为可数名词，能与冠词连用。
He is a great success. 他是一位杰出的成功人士。
知识点14 as 教材P 23
【用法详解】
1.as用作连词，引导原因状语从句。
As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 因为下过雨，空气比较清爽。
2.as用作连词引导时间状语从句
You will grow wiser as you grow older. 你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。
3. as...as意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv+as，其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv.+as。
This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
4.as作介词，意思是"作为"，"以……身份"。
He came to China as a tourist five years ago. 他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。
【典例讲解】
我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。（翻译句子）
I must stop writing now, _____________________________.
【答案】as I have a lot of work to do
【解析】这里的as表示因为，引导原因状语从句。
【拓展】几个关于as...as的常见结构
1)as...as possible 尽可能......
Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。
2)as...as usual/before 像通常/以前一样
(5) She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。
3)as long as... 只要
You can make great progress as long as you try hard. 只要你努力，就会有进步。
4) 一些带有as...as结构的常见短语归纳：
as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌
as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易
as deep as a well像井一样深
as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻


知识点15 envy 教材P 23
【用法详解】
envy n. 嫉妒，妒忌；羡慕; v. 嫉妒，妒忌；羡慕
envy of 嫉妒…；羡慕…
green with envy  adj. 非常嫉妒的
out of envy  adv. 出于忌妒
I envy you having such a close family.  我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
Their economy is the envy of the developing world.  他们的经济令发展中国家羡慕。
【典例讲解】
— Why is he________? —Because he saw Nick’s BMW and he wants to have one of his own.
A.red with anger B.white with fear C.green with envy D.blue with sadness
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：——他为什么嫉妒？——因为他看到了尼克的宝马，他想拥有一辆自己的。A. red with anger气的脸色通红；B. white with fear吓得脸色发白；C. green with envy嫉妒的脸色发青，非常嫉妒；D. blue with sadness悲伤而忧郁。根据后文回答Because he saw Nick’s BMW and he wants to have one of his own可知此处问为什么嫉妒，故选C。
知识点16 require 教材P 23
【用法详解】
require vt. 需要；要求；命令 required adj. 必需的；（美）必修的
requirement n. 要求；必要条件；必需品
require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
These pets require a lot of care and attention.  这些宠物需要悉心照顾。
The rules require employers to provide safety training.  这些规定要求雇主们提供安全训练。
Everyone is required to arrive on time. 每个人都被要求按时到达。
【典例讲解】
Now waste from daily life ________ to be put into four different groups.
A.is requiring B.was required C.is required D.was requiring
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：现在日常生活中的废物被要求分为四类。考查被动语态。句子主语waste与谓语动词require之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；句中的时间是Now，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。
【拓展】
require = need = want 需要，要求
sth
Sth need/want/ require doing sth
to be done
Flowers require water. = Flowers require watering. = Flowers require to be watered. 花需要浇水。
知识点17 strength 教材P 23
【用法详解】
strength n. 力量；力气；兵力；长处
strengths n. 优势，强项（strength的复数形式）；长处
strengthen vt. 加强；巩固; vi. 变强；变坚挺
She didn’t have the strength to walk any further.  她再也走不动了。
It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again. 
可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。 
It’s important to know your own strengths and weaknesses.  了解自己的优缺点很重要。
【典例讲解】
He tried to move the stone with all his _____ （力量）. But it didn’t work.
【答案】strength
【解析】
句意：他试图用尽全力搬动那块石头。但是没有成功。根据中文提示，stength“力量”，不可数名词，故填strength。
知识点18 take action 教材P 23
【用法详解】
take action 采取行动
We must take action to protect the environment. 我们必须采取行动保护环境。
【典例讲解】
---What a heavy haze! The air pollution is terrible now.
---It ________ worse unless we ________ action to protect the environment.
A. is; will take B. will be; will take
C. will be; take D. won’t be; take
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：---多么大的雾霾！空气污染现在很恶劣。---如果我们不积极参加到保护环境中来，会变得更加糟糕。此题考查unless引导的条件状语从句，主句一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；根据句意，故选C。
知识点19 have difficulty doing 教材P 23
【用法详解】
have difficulty/ trouble/ problem doing sth = have difficulty/ trouble/problem with sth 做某事有困难
He has difficulty learning English. = He has difficulty with English. 他英语学习有困难。
【典例讲解】
If you have difficulty _____ a decision, you can wear red because it is easier for you _____ action.
A.to make; to take B.to make; taking C. making; taking D. making; to take
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：如果你做决定有困难，你可以穿红色的衣服因为对于你来说采取行动更简单。to make动词不定式；to take动词不定式；making动名词；taking动名词。第一个空是make a decision是固定短语，做决定，使用的句型是have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难，故填making；第二个空是短语take action采取行动，使用的句型是It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.做某事是…的，用动词不定式。故应选D。
知识点20 make a decision 教材P 23
【用法详解】
decision n. 决定 make a decision 做出决定 decide v. 决定
decide to do sth 决定做某事
It’s up to you to decide. 这事由你来决定吧。
I can’t decide what to wear. 我拿不定主意穿什么。 
He is really bad at making decisions . 他的确不善于决策。
【典例讲解】
All of them think Peter has difficulty________.
A.to make decisions B. makes decisions
C. making decisions D. making decision
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：所有他们认为皮特有困难做决定。考查非谓语动词的用法。“有困难做某事”是have difficulty doing sth.，decision可数名词，此处用复数形式。故选C。
知识点21 get into trouble 教材P 24
【用法详解】
trouble n. 麻烦；烦恼；故障；动乱 v. 麻烦；使烦恼；折磨
get into trouble 陷入麻烦
If I don’t get this finished in time, I’ll be in trouble . 我如不按时把这完成就要倒霉了。
He’s in trouble with the police. 他犯事落入了警察的手里。
My brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents. 以前我弟弟经常连累我遭父母的责难。
【典例讲解】
My brother used to , but now he is helpful to others.
A. get trouble B. get into trouble
C. getting into trouble D. getting trouble
【答案】B
【解析】
我的弟弟过去常闯祸，但现在他对别人很有帮助。根据提干分析used to是过去常常的意思，后面要跟动词原形，故选B。能力拓展

一． 单项选择
1. That is ________ your experience ________ your characteristics.
A. what; influences B. how; influences C. why; influence D. how; influence
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：那就是你的经历是如何影响你的性格的。考查关系副词及主谓一致。根据“That is … your experience … your characteristics.”可知，本句是表语从句，experience“经历”，是可数名词，这里为单数，句子时态是一般现在时，所以influence应加“s”，排除C、D选项；what“什么”，how“怎样、如何”，结合语境，可知是你的经历是如何影响你的性格的，A选项语意不通，因此排除；故选B。
2.It’s ______ the museum is empty；today is Sunday.
A. no wonder B. wonder C. a wonder D. wonders
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：难怪博物馆空了；今天是星期天。no wonder难怪，不足为奇；wonder当动词讲，表示“想知道”，当名词讲，表示“奇迹”；a wonder一个奇迹；wonders奇迹。根据today is Sunday可知，今天是星期天，因此博物馆里是空的，没有人，这是不足为奇的，故选A。
3. _______is every teacher’s duty ________ things clearly to the students.
A. It; to explain B. That; to explain C. This; explain D. It; explain
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：清楚地向学生解释事情是每个老师的职责。考查固定句型。本句是“It +系动词+表语+不定式+其他”结构，it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式。根据句意结构，可知选A。
4. A nice holiday would help me relax. I wish I could go !
A. somewhere relaxed B. somewhere relaxing
C. anywhere relaxed D. anywhere relaxing
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：一个很好的假期会帮助我放松。我希望我可以去能让人放松的地方！。Somewhere 某地；anywhere任何地方，无论何处。Relaxing，现在分词作形容词，修饰物，使人感到放松的。Relaxed,过去分词作形容词修饰人，感到放松的。根据以上分析本题选择B。
5. People living in cold climate prefer ______ warm colours ________ a warm and comfortable feeling.
A. using, to create B.to use, to create C. using, to creating D. use, create
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:生活在寒冷气候的人们更喜欢用温暖的颜色来创造一种温暖舒适的感觉。prefer to do更喜欢做……, to create...不定式做目的状语，据题意故选B。
6. It’ time _______ a picnic. We can’t help _______.
A. to have, to cheer B. to have, cheering C. having, to cheer D. having, cheering
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：-到野餐的时间了，我们不由自主地欢呼起来。it’s time to do sth.到做某事的时间了；can’t help to do sth. 禁不住做某事。固定搭配。故选B。
7. Your father coughs a lot. You’d better _______ him _______ anymore.
A. remind; not smoke B.to remind; not to smoke
C.to remind; not smoke D. remind; not to smoke
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：你爸爸咳嗽得很厉害。你最好提醒他不要再吸烟。Had better do sth最好做某事；remind sb （not） to do sth提醒某人（不）做某事。所以选D。
8. Would you please me?
A. not trouble B. not to trouble C. to not trouble D. don’t trouble
【答案】A
【解析】
would you please 用于请求别人帮助，表示“你愿意 ... 吗”本结构中would为助动词，故后面接原形动词，其否定表达是在动词前加not，故选A。
9.Students in their school ___________ trees on Tree Planting Day every year.
A.require to plant B.require planting
C.are required to plant D.are required planting
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：每年在植树节，他们学校的学生被要求植树。require sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，其被动形式为sb is/are required to do sth.“某人被要求做某事”。结合句意，学生是被要求植树，故用被动语态。故选C。
10.—There is often so much rubbish in the river.
—Yes. Luckily，to save water, many actions ________.
A.are taking B.are going to take
C.are going to be taken D.are going to be taking
【答案】C
【解析】
句意：——在河里经常有如此多的垃圾。——是的。幸运的是，为了节约用水，许多行动将被采取。根据to save water可知此处表示将来，结合句意很多措施将被采取，所以用被动句。故选C。
分层提分

题组A 基础过关练
一． 按照单词的适当形式填空。
1.The smart phone has greatly ________ (influence) our lives since it was invented.
【答案】influenced
【解析】
句意：自从智能手机被发明以来，它已经极大地影响了我们的生活。根据“since it was invented”可知，此处应使用现在完成时结构，动词用过去分词形式，故填influenced。
2.They had a _________ (wonder) time in Spain.
【答案】wonderful
【解析】
句意：他们在西班牙过得很愉快。time当“时刻”讲，是名词，前面用形容词来修饰；wonder “惊奇”，名词，其形容词为wonderful “精彩的”。因此本题填形容词wonderful。故答案为wonderful。
3.The students didn’t understand this sentence until it ________ (explain) again.
【答案】was explained
【解析】
句意：直到再给学生们解释一遍，他们才明白这个句子。从句主语it是动词explain的承受者，应使用被动语态be done结构，根据“didn’t understand”可知，是一般过去时，主语it是第三人称单数，故填was explained。
4.They are lying on the beach and look pretty ________ (relax).
【答案】relaxed
【解析】
句意：他们躺在沙滩上，看上去很放松。根据“They are lying on the beach”可知，他们看上去很放松。所给单词relax是动词，放松，look是连系动词，后加形容词。主语是they，指人放松，此处用relaxed“放松的”。故填relaxed。
5.Human beings should be aware that they should live ________ (peace) with nature.
【答案】peacefully
【解析】
句意：人类应该意识到他们应该和自然和平相处。空格处缺少副词修饰动词 live，故名词peace“和平”要转化为副词peacefully“和平地”。故填peacefully。
6. Kitty said she _________ (prefer) to go to the USA.
【答案】preferred
【解析】
句意：基蒂说她更愿意去美国。prefer to do sth.更喜欢/愿意做某事，本句是宾语从句，时态遵循主过从过原则；主句said用的是一般过去时，从句时态也用一般过去时；prefer是动词，其过去式需双写结尾的辅音字母r再加-ed，故填preferred。
7.Nothing is a waste if we have a ________(create) mind.
【答案】creative
【解析】
句意：如果你拥有创造性的思维，万物均能尽其用。名词mind前面用形容词，动词变成形容词creative作定语，修饰mind。故答案为creative。
8.Today is Children’s Day. The boys look _______ (cheer).
【答案】cheerful
【解析】
句意：今天是儿童节，这些男孩子们看起来很快乐。系动词look之后用形容词，所以填cheerful。
9.There is something wrong with my radio. It requires ________ (repair).
【答案】to be repaired/repairing
【解析】
句意：我的收音机出毛病了。它需要修理。当require后面所跟的非谓语动词作宾语时，构成非谓语动词的动词与句子的主语是被动关系时，非谓语动词经常写成doing或to be done，由此可知，to be repaired/repairing。
10.We were amazed at Jane’s quick ________. (decide)
【答案】decision/decisions
【解析】
句意：我们对简的迅速决定感到惊讶。根据“Jane’s quick ...”可知形容词后缺少名词；decide的名词形式为decision，意为“决定”，根据语境不能确定是几个决定，用单复数均可。故填decision/decisions。
题组B 能力提升练
一、完型填空
There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most 1 colors today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual color. Let’s take a look at the rich 2 of the color purple.
Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago 3 looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because 4 use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy. 5 these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color.
During the time of the Roman Empire, it was very 6 to make purple dye (染料). The dye came from sea snails(海螺). But 10,000 dead sea snails 7 you just one gram(克) of purple dye...as well as a very bad smell! This 8 purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred 9 of emperors. In the 16th-century England, purple was 10 for the king’s family members. Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to 11 the color.
In 1856, William Perkin, an 18-year-old 12 student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment. The chemicals( 化学药品) he used to clean his instruments 13 with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This 14 led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much 15 than sea-snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes.
1. A. peaceful B. popular C.exciting D.serious
2. A. history B. style C.research D.product
3. A. gradually B.especially C.exactly . D.probably
4. A. others B.they C.we D.some
5. A. And B.So C.But D.Until
6. A. dangerous B.common C.difficult D.strange
7. A. got B.passed C.wasted D.cost
8. A. basic B.harmful C.special D.perfect
9. A. color B.smell C.plant D.animal
10. A. even B.never C.seldom D.only
11. A. wear B.sell C.change D.make
12. A. geography B.science C.art D.math
13. A. compared B.mixed C.collected D.kept
14. A. survey B.suggestion C.discovery D.exam
15. A. healthier B.thicker C.cheaper D.darker

【答案】1.BADBC 6.CACAD 11.ABBCC
【文章大意】
本文通过对比和举例介绍了紫色的来历和发展，说明紫色曾经是一种非常昂贵和不寻常的颜色，但在科学家Perkin的努力下，用两种化学混合物制造紫色染料，终于使紫色成为当今最流行的颜色之一。
【解析】
1.句意：所以紫色是当今最流行的颜色之一。peaceful平静的；popular受欢迎的；exciting令人激动的；serious严重的。根据文章开头“There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers!”可知，紫色很流行，故选B。
2.句意：让我们来看看紫色的丰富历史。history历史；style风格；research研究；product产品。根据“Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago...looked purple, not green.”可知谈的是紫色的历史，故选A。
3.句意：5亿多年前出现在地球上的第一批植物可能看起来是紫色的，而不是绿色的。gradually渐渐地；especially尤其；exactly真地；probably可能。根据“Plants today are green because...”结合语境可知，此处应推测出现在地球上的第一批植物可能是紫色的，表推测需用 probably，故选 D。
4.句意：今天的植物是绿色的，因为它们用绿色的叶绿素产生能量。others其他人或物；they它们；we我们；some一些。空格指代上文的Plants，复数形式需用they，故选B。
5.句意：但是这些早期的植物可能使用了一种叫做视黄醛的东西，它是一种深紫色。And和；So因此；But但是；Until直到。根据语境可知，空格前后是现在的绿色和早期的深紫色对比，属于转折关系，需用but连接，故选C。
6.句意：在罗马帝国时期，很难制造紫色染料。dangerous危险的；common共同的；difficult困难的；strange奇怪的。根据下文“The dye came from sea snails. But 10,000 dead sea snails... you just one gram(克) of purple dye...as well as a very bad smell!”可知，10000只死掉的海螺中只能得到一克紫色染料，所以制造紫色染料是很困难的，故选C。
7.句意：但是10000只死掉的海螺你只能得到一克紫色染料。got得到；passed通过；wasted浪费；cost花费。根据“The dye came from sea snails”可知，染料来自海螺，所以死海螺中得到紫色染料。B、C、D三项意思都与句意不合，故选A。
8.句意：这种特别的紫色染料被称为泰尔红紫，它是皇帝的首选颜色。basic基本的；harmful有害的；special特别的；perfect完美的。根根据前文“The dye came from sea snails.”和“...purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred ... of emperors”可知，被称为泰尔红紫，且是皇帝的首选，所以这种紫色很特别，故选C。
9.句意：这种特别的紫色染料被称为泰尔红紫，它是皇帝的首选颜色。color颜色；smell气味；plant植物；animal动物。根据上文“This... purple dye was called Tyrian purple”可知是皇帝的首选颜色，故选A。
10.句意：在第十六世纪的英国，紫色只是属于国王的家庭成员。even甚至；never从不；seldom很少；only只，仅仅。根据下文“but ordinary people were not allowed to...the color.”普通人不允许穿这种颜色，可知是“只为王室成员”，故选D。
11.句意：但是普通人是不允许穿这种颜色的。wear穿；sell卖；change改变；make使得。 根据上文“Queen Elizabeth I ‘s clothes were purple”可知此处是穿这种颜色的衣服，用wear符合题意。故选A。
12.句意：1856年，18岁的理科学生William Perkin在做实验时注意到一些奇怪的东西。geography地理；science理科；art艺术；math数学。根据下文“noticed something strange while doing an experiment. ”可知，做实验应该是理科生。故选B。
13.句意：他用来清洗仪器的化学药品与他在实验中使用的化学药品混合，产生了明亮的紫色。compared比较；mixed混合；collected收集；kept保留。mix with（使）与……混合，固定短语，根据句意可知，此处指清洗仪器的化学药品与实验中使用的化学药品混合，故选B。
14.句意：这一发现使Perkin创办了一家用这种化学混合物生产紫色染料的公司。survey调查；suggestion建议；discovery发现；exam考试。根据上文“William Perkin, an 18-year-old... student noticed something strange while doing an experiment”可知，是Perkin在做实验时注意到的，所以是他的发现，故选C。
15.句意：这种染料比海螺染料便宜得多。healthier更健康的；thicker更厚的；cheaper更便宜的；darker更暗的。根据下文“Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes.”，任何人都买得起紫色衣服，可知更便宜，故选C。
题组C 培优拔尖练
一、阅读单选
阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A.B.C.和D项中选出最佳的选择，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.
A
It may be hard to believe, but the American Revolution(革命)—the war that freed the American states from British control—began over a cup of tea. Tea was not the only thing that caused the war, of course, but it played a very big part.
The British people’s love of tea is well-known. When the British won control over mush of North America in the early 1700s, they brought their tea- drinking habits with them. Tea quickly became the continents most popular drink. As tea could not be grown locally, just as in Britain, it was shipped into the country—mostly from India.
In the early 1700s, the Britain government made a special deal with the East India Company, as an English trading company. They agreed that no other company was allowed to bring tea to Britain or any country controlled by Britain, including America. It was a great deal for the East India Company, since it meant that the company could decide whatever price it wanted for its products. And it always decided on a high price!
In North America, the local people did not like having to pay such high prices. Instead of overpaying for tea from the British, they turned to Dutch traders, who secretly brought tea to the country that was just as good—and much less expensive. Although this broke the law, the American people didn’t care. They got the same cup of tea at a much lower price.
The East India Company, however, didn’t like this at all. By the 1760s, they were losing millions of pounds each year to Dutch traders—a huge amount of money in a time when ￡60 a year was considered a good income. Instead of reducing their prices to compete with the Dutch, the company asked the British government for help and the government agreed.
In 1767, the British introduced new law that increased the prices of all goods which were brought into America. These laws helped make the East India Company even richer and forced local people to pay much more for everything. The American leaders asked the British government not to do so, but the British refused to listen. These unfair laws increased Americans’ anger about British rule and the rest, as they say, is history.
16. In the early 1700s where did most tea drunk in America come from?
A. China B. India C. America D. Britain
17. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to________.
A. the tea maker
B. the American government
C. the British government
D. the East India Company
18. Why did may Americans begin to buy tea from the Dutch traders?
A. The tea was much cheaper.
B. The tea was a lot healthier.
C. They could buy it more easily.
D. They didn’t want to support the British.
19. What did the East India Company do to stop losing money?
A. It reduced the price of its tea.
B. It improved the taste of its tea.
C. It introduced a new kind of tea.
D. It asked the British government for help.
20. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Tea trade in eighteenth-century America.
B. The relationship between America and Britain.
C. A reason for the start of the American Revolutionary War.
D. The introduction of British tea-drinking habits into America.

【答案】BDADC
【文章大意】
本文是记叙文，讲述了美国独立革命的一个重要原因——茶，可谓是“茶引发的一场革命”。英国对美国实行殖民统治的同时带去了喝茶的习惯，但由于英国政府允许一家公司操纵茶叶市场并导致茶价等物价上涨，最终美国人民不堪重负发动革命战争。
【解析】
16.B细节理解题。根据As tea could not be grown locally, just as in Britain, it was shipped into the country—mostly from India.可知当时美国的咖啡豆来自Indian。故选B。
17.D细节理解题。根据It was a great deal for the East India Company, since it meant that the company could decide whatever price it wanted for its products.可知“那个公司总是定个高价”。故选D。
18.A细节理解题。根据从第四段的第三行“that was just as good - and much less expensive”可知因为那里的茶比较便宜，故选A。
19.D细节理解题。根据从第五段的最后一句“the company asked the British for help and the government agreed.”可知，请求英国政府帮忙，故选D。
20.C主旨大意题。根据本文讲述了美国革命爆发的其中一个重要原因——茶。该文属于说明文，首段已给出了全文的中心句。故选C。
B
School Gardens Could Help Children Try More Vegetables
It’s not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the school? New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children’s vegetable intake(摄入量) .
How the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried out in eight schools. Each school was in the gardening program for one school year. Every child in grades 3-5 received a total of eighteen 60-minute lessons across the school year. In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Could Get
The study found that vegetable intake if the children who grew their own produce increased greatly across the year. Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases(慢性疾病). Not only are there benefits to health, increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed(接触)to may also make mealtimes much easier.” Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods,” explains Dr. Kerry Jones. For children, growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the food.
28
Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. “If children are learning about vegetables at school, it’s important to encourage this interest,” says Jones. Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school. Parents and children can also read books together. Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer useful messages. Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from.
Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce. If children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life, they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.
21. What did children do in the gardening program?
A. They did research on new plants. B. They grew fresh produce at school.
C. They took home green vegetables D. They built gardens for their classes.
22. Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragaph4?
A. Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook at Home
B. Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home
C. Reasons Why Parents Should Understand Children
D. Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents
23. What can we learn from the program?
A. Parents’ support might improve children’s reading.
B. School programs could develop students’ creativity.
C. Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.
D. Hands-on experience may influence children’s preference.
【答案】BBD
【文章大意】
本文介绍了在学校花园里让学生自己种植蔬菜的好处。
【解析】
21.细节理解题。根据“In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables”可知，在该项目中，每一所学校都建了一个花园，孩子们在那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品，故选B。
22.句意猜测题。根据“Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful”及整段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了从不同方面鼓励孩子们多吃蔬菜的方法，故选B。
23.推理判断题。根据“Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce”可知，教孩子们自己种植农产品是增加他们对农产品偏好的一个很好的方法，所以实践经验可能会影响孩子的偏好，故选D。