北京市东城区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统一检测英语试题

这是一份北京市东城区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统一检测英语试题，共8页。

东城区2022—2023学年度第二学期期末教学统一检测
高一英语
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共三节，38分）
第一节 选词填空（共13小题；每小题1分，共13分）
A
请用方框中的单词或短语完成句子，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置。
decorate beyond generous intelligent function keep track of try out adapt to
1．It’s very ______ of you to lend me your book.
2．The machine doesn’t ______ well in cold weather.
3．After 30 years, the town has changed ______ recognition.
4．Anyone with musical talent can ______ for the competition.
5．When important festivals approach, we will ______ the houses.
6．Every time I go out for a walk, I use this app to ______ my steps.
7．To become an astronaut, you must be ______ enough to get a related college degree.
8．Scientists are concerned that it’s difficult for animals to ______ the climate change.
B
请用方框中单词的正确形式完成句子，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置。
extinct definite equip usual energy
9．Working out regularly, he is always ______.
10．Never go climbing without the proper ______.
11．The boy’s ______ behaviour puzzled the doctor.
12．Many endangered species are now facing the danger of ______.
13．It was an amazing atmosphere — ______ the best one I’ve ever experienced.
第二节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Gus White was driving home from work when he spotted a pair of dogs in the flash of his headlights. It was snowing so hard. What were they doing out here, when it was too 14 for dogs to go outside? Gus parked his truck and approached the animals. He 15 his hands to them, which made no effort to escape. He placed the dogs on the passenger seat and they were snuggled (依偎) together there. Gus took a picture of the pair and 16 it to his wife, Katie White.
Then he called the 17 from the dogs’ ID tags. A man answered. “I gave those dogs away,” the man said. “Well, do you want them back?” “No.” The man hung up. These dogs were 18 in this world. Gus looked over at them, their large eyes begging. He called Katie. “Bring them home”, she said. The Whites prepared a bed for the dogs, also setting out food and water.
As a boy, Gus had dreamed of owning dogs but 19 this pair was out of the question—the Whites already had a family dog. The next day, they took the dogs to a 20 to drop them off—on one condition. “I’m not signing the dogs over to you if you’re going to 21 them,” Katie said. The shelter workers promised her they’d keep the couple together. In the days following, Katie phoned the shelter 22 to check up on Pepper and Cooper. Soon, the dogs were adopted, as a pair, to a loving family.
It’s a simple story but it speaks to the best of our 23 .
14．A．wet B．late C．windy D．cold
15．A．reached out B．spread out C．gave out D．pushed out
16．A．handed B．took C．sent D．donated
17．A．police B．passenger C．name D．number
18．A．important B．fearless C．friendly D．homeless
19．A．keeping B．curing C．attending D．training
20．A．shop B．shelter C．park D．street
21．A．leave B．adopt C．separate D．treat
22．A．unwillingly B．casually C．repeatedly D．hardly
23．A．power B．nature C．knowledge D．worth
第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl 24 was singing one of his works. Inspired, he asked his fans 25 (make) videos, which he then joined together into one performance. His first virtual choir had 185 singers 26 12 different countries. It has received millions of views on the Internet. Since then, the virtual choir 27 (become) a worldwide phenomenon.
B
In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department 28 (close) because of the war. 29 (think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen 30 (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
C
The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday 31 (celebrate) by many people today. It 32 (fall) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. There are many activities and customs, such as 33 (race) dragon boats. It is also an occasion for families to gather and for people to pay respect to the famous poet, Qu Yuan.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Family days out can be expensive but it’s possible to stick to a budget during the summer holidays by taking advantage of the following activities.
Outdoor activities
At Brimham Rocks, there is a one-hour rock explorer activity on 14 July. The activity is free, although car-parking charges apply for non-National Trust members.
While getting out into nature has lots of benefits, sometimes you need an extra activity to keep things interesting. For example, the Woodland Trust is hosting a tree planting event at Yonder Oak Wood, near Exmouth in Devon. There are morning and afternoon sessions on 18 and 19 July. It is free to attend but online booking ahead of time is essential.
Rainham Marshes, the RSPB nature reserve in Purfleet, Essex, is running an arts programme for children aged three to ten on 14 July. You can sign up online and tickets cost £3. It is also hosting pond-dipping activities on 15 July (up to £5.50).
Arts, crafts and museums
For Londoners or those visiting the capital during the holiday, the Southbank Centre is hosting the Imagine Children’s Festival (until 18 July), where many events are free, including hip-hop dance workshops, and live music shows. The Tate Modern is hosting Threads, a free family event running from 11-19 July where you work together to create your own artwork using colorful threads and textiles.
The Royal Air Force Museum London (free entry) in Hendon has a range of free activities on offer over the same dates, including a robot-coding workshop, a radar maths challenge and tote bag making. And the Victoria and Albert Museum in South Kensington is running free Chinese themed events including a drop-in workshop for families where you make a traditional Chinese kite (15-17 July).
34．Where is the tree planting event held?
A．At Brimham Rocks. B．At Yonder Oak Wood.
C．In RSPB nature reserve. D．In the Southbank Centre.
35．What can you do at the Imagine Children’s Festival?
A．Take dance classes. B．Create an artwork. C．Learn robot-coding. D．Make a Chinese kite.
36．The passage is intended for ______.
A．artists B．teachers C．guides D．parents
B
Hibernation is not just sleep. While we sleep, our brains fire up and become highly active; in hibernation, on the contrary, brain activity completely slows down. The body temperature of hibernating animals also drops, in some cases close to the freezing point. Cells (细胞) stop dividing and heart rate decreases to two beats per minute. Yet, once it’s time to wake up, hibernating animals come back to life without any significant side effects like freezing, muscle loss, or loss of bone density during the long winter months. The same, however, can’t be said about people who wake up from long-term medical comas (昏迷), or even those who have to stay in bed for long periods of time. Such people, just like astronauts in microgravity, would suffer from a wide range of side effects that come from not actively using their bodies.
Scientists are therefore looking into hibernation research with the aim of developing ways to cause hibernation in future space astronauts. Recently, Kelly Drew, a professor of chemistry and biochemistry, has been rewarded for his research.
The idea is that rather than having astronauts sit for months in a tiny Mars-bound capsule, consuming food, water and air, and gradually wasting away from not doing much in microgravity, a part of the crew members could be placed into hibernation. The hibernating astronauts wouldn’t need any food or water and could manage with much less air—yet they would wake up with their bones and muscles in a much better condition than those of their awake counterparts.
“This research could be used to help future missions, from the extreme of medically caused hibernation for long term space missions, protecting astronauts from cabin fever, radiation, and much more,” he said. “It could also prove effective in preventing muscle and bone loss in zero gravity.”
The state of hibernation could also help in the medical setting to help protect patients suffering from life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes.
“This could mean that patients who have suffered from a stroke or heart attack could be placed in medically caused hibernation until they can be transported to a hospital to receive care, which could significantly improve medical outcomes,” the scientist said.
37．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1?
A．The working principles of hibernation. B．The unique features of hibernation.
C．The major reasons for hibernation. D．The side effects of hibernation.
38．What does the underlined word “counterparts” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Bones and muscles. B．Brains. C．Astronauts. D．Patients.
39．What will scientists probably do in the future research?
A．Study hibernating animals in space missions. B．Find ways to put people into hibernation.
C．Improve medical treatments for patients. D．Seek cures for life-threatening diseases.
C
Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it?
New York City’s Department of Education recently banned (禁止) the use of ChatGPT. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions,” says the official statement, “it does not build critical-thinking skills, which are necessary for academic and lifelong success.”
Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response. Instead, we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with, rather than replace, student thinking.
Banning ChatGPT is impossible in practice. Students will find ways around the ban, which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators, and so on. It’s hard to believe that a close race between those digital natives and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter. In fact, chatbots may well speed up a trend (趋向) toward valuing critical thinking. In a world where computers can fluently answer any question, students need to get much better at deciding what questions to ask and how to fact-check the answers the program generates.
So how do we encourage young people to use their minds when real thinking is so hard to tell apart from its simulacrum (假象)? Teachers, of course, will still want to watch students taking old-fashioned, in-person, no-chatbot-allowed exams to check that they do not cheat.
But we must also figure out how to do something new: how to use tools like GPT to inspire deeper thinking. GPT often generates text that is fluent and “reasonable”—but wrong. So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does: forming an opinion, creating an outline, picking which points to explain and which to drop, and looking for supporting facts. GPT can help with those tasks, but it can’t put them all together. Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work. Indeed, writing is thinking, and good writing is good thinking.
One approach is to focus on the process as much as the result. For instance, teachers might require four drafts of an essay. After all, as John McPhee, the famous writer, said, “the central nature of the process is revision.” Each draft gets feedback from the teacher, from peers or even from a chatbot. Then the students produce the next draft, and so on.
Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking? Maybe, but for now, we must think for ourselves. Like any tool, GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner.
40．How does the author feel about the ban?
A．Understandable. B．Irresponsible. C．Unwise. D．Necessary.
41．Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice?
A．Because students are digitally fluent. B．Because schools will defend the ban.
C．Because ChatGPT will keep developing. D．Because people treasure critical thinking.
42．How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 6?
A．By quoting others. B．By presenting facts. C．By giving examples. D．By showing similarities.
43．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Is GPT a process or a result? B．Will GPT outperform students?
C．Why Chatbots become a new trend? D．How can Chatbots serve education?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money. 44
Then, why do the Chinese people use chopsticks? Some people did research on the origin of China’s chopsticks. One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society, relying mainly on vegetables for food. When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. 45 Westerners, on the other hand, travelled with their animals from place to place and lived on meat. For them, knives and forks were more practical.
Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. 46 First, don’t use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg for meals. 47 It means you lay the blame on others. Also, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table.
Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity. 48 However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. We Chinese people draw on this spirit, which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future.
A．As a result, spoons were designed and preferred by Westerners.
B．But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons.
C．Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food.
D．Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them.
E．Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily.
F．So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life.
G．There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第49、50题各2分，第51题3分，第52题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
For most 12-year-olds, any free time after school is spent hanging out with friends, competing in sports, or playing video games. But Alejandro Buxton has another dream: making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall.
The idea was inspired by his mother, who had to give up many of the scented candles she’d filled their home with after realizing the chemicals within them were worsening her allergies (过敏), causing her frequent headaches.
So, in 2019, at just 9 years old, the boy started experimenting with making his own, mixing ingredients like soy and coconut waxes with essential oils. He called his first work “Jurassic Orange,” for its color and pleasant smell. Though his mother was a big fan, and the scent didn’t cause her head to ache, Buxton wanted to improve upon his work.
Within the next few months, he’d developed a line of six uniquely scented candles. By the following year, during the worldwide lockdowns, he’d created his own online shop.
Soon after, Alejandro began selling his products on his own website, “Smell of Love Candles,” where shoppers can find offerings with creative names like “Sage the Day!” and “Alexa, clean the house.” He also lists other products such as room sprays for sale.
According to the site, his younger sister Valentina serves as assistant of operations while his mother takes the role of assistant to the CEO.
Now, he is operating his business in a local mall as well. This past September, he opened a stand in D.C.’s Tysons Corner shopping center—making him the youngest leaseholder (承租人) at the mall.
Besides inspiring fellow kids with his entrepreneurial spirit and talent, Alejandro is also a positive role model for giving back and making a difference: He donates a part of his profits to a local charity.
With the experience and knowledge he’s gaining from running this business at such a young age, Alejandro hopes to one day go on to create an engineering business.
49．What is Alejandro’s dream?
50．Why did the boy come up with the idea?
51．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
• Alejandro is a successful businessman because he began his candle business and started an engineering business at a young age.
52．Among Alejandro’s qualities, which one do you think will be important for you? Why? (In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。第19届杭州亚运会音乐作品征集活动正在进行，请你给英国好友Jim写邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．活动介绍；
2．邀请参加。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：第19届杭州亚运会the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou
组委会the organizing committee
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua