2022-2023学年北京市东城区高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市东城区高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共19页。试卷主要包含了  A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年北京市东城区高一（上）期末英语试卷

My family moved to Perth，Australia when I was six.On the first day of school，I was(1)because I couldn't even say hello in English.
Then I met Natsumi.Her family had just moved to Australia from Japan.Unable to speak a word of English，we could only(2)through body language，but this did not stop us from becoming fast(3).My mum has a clear memory of one car trip when Natsumi and I were sitting in the backseat，laughing and talking to each other in broken English.It was the first time I felt (4) enough to speak the few words I had learned throughout the year.
Unfortunately，at the end of that year，Natsumi's family moved to Queensland and mine to New South Wales.We lost(5).
Years later，I went into training as a teacher，teaching English to newly-arrived students and adults.Many of my students were Japanese，which(6)me of Natsumi.Though I had long been looking for her，my searches had so far led nowhere.
On a visit to Japan in 2018，I(7)again.Having spent a long night online，I came across someone named Natsumi.Trying my luck，I sent her a message.The next day，there was a (8)："Gabi？Gabi from Perth？"
We agreed on a date and met up for dinner.Seeing her again was(9).However，this time，we were not only able to communicate with one another in English，but (10) so.
1.  A. angry B. frightened C. excited D. curious
2.  A. explore B. improve C. study D. communicate
3.  A. friends B. roommates C. advisers D. travellers
4.  A. shocked B. confident C. upset D. calm
5.  A. heart B. hope C. interest D. touch
6.  A. warned B. reminded C. informed D. freed
7.  A. applied B. tracked C. tried D. failed
8.  A. reply B. tip C. contact D. sign
9.  A. awkward B. impossible C. attractive D. unbelievable
10.  A. honestly B. peacefully C. fluently D. politely
11.
A

Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.The first week was a little (1) （ confuse）.First，I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones：maths，English，chemistry，world history，and Chinese.I know that Chinese is a very difficult language， (2) I hope to be fluent when I graduate.My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature (3) I like English and I'm good at it.
B

When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground，time seemed to stand still.The player (1) became known as " Air Jordan " changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.Jordan 's (2) （ skill） were impressive，but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.In the final seconds of a game，Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning (3) his failures.Losing games taught him to practice harder and never give up.
C

Hurricane Ian，a powerful storm (1) hit Cuba earlier this week，grew to a strong storm before making landfall on Florida's west coast.At least 125 people，including 120 in Florida and 5 in North Carolina， (2) （die） since the disaster happened.Last week，Ian swept southwestern Florida，bringing heavy rains and dangerous flooding.Ninety percent of Fort Myers Beach (3) （destroy） by it.Right now rescue workers (10) （ work） hard day and night to make sure people are safe.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C

The Longji Rice Terraces Day Tour

Overview
Price：U.S.＄128 Per Person
Time：Every Day at 8：00 am
Duration：9 hours
Highlights
— Private Guided Tour for photography lovers
— Explore the extremely attractive rice terraces
— Experience the unique customs and lifestyle of local Zhuang village
Description
The Longji Rice Terraces are the most amazing terraces in China.With a history of around 700 years，the Longji Rice Terraces show both the great wisdom and physical efforts of the Zhuang people.
Itinerary
At8：00 am，your tour guide and driver will pick you up from your hotel in Guilin and transport you to the amazing Longji Terraces.（*Tourists staying outside of the city center need to pay an extra fee.）
After a two-hour drive，you will reach the entrance to the Longji Terraces，where you will take an eco-sightseeing bus to Ping'an Village.Then the tour guide will show you around the village.Lunch is on your own.Your expert guide can give you some advice on the food choices in the village.
After a short lunch break，walk for 20 minutes to No.2 Viewing Platform，a perfect place for a wonderful view of the terraces beneath.You will have enough time to take pictures and enjoy the fresh air.
Other services
◇Hotel pick-up and drop-off
◇Private English-speaking guide
◇Private driver &.air-conditioned vehicle
◇Entrance fees to tourist sites



12. The tour is suitable for people who like ______ .
A. local food B. studying history
C. taking photos D. city adventures
13. What information can travellers get from the itinerary？ ______
A. The tour lasts 2 hours.
B. Lunch is included in the price.
C. Transport to rice terraces is free.
D. No.2 Viewing Platform is a must-go.
14. The purpose of the passage is to ______ .
A. give advice on hiking B. promote a package tour
C. introduce a tourist attraction D. provide geographic information
D
The older you get，the more difficult it is to learn a new language.But no one knows exactly what the cutoff point is—at what age it becomes harder.In one of the largest studies，researchers from Boston-based universities found that children are good at learning a second language up until the age of 18，about 10 years later than earlier thought.But the study also showed that it is best to start by age 10 if you want to achieve the grammatical fluency of a native speaker.
To solve ，the research team collected data on a person's age，language level and time studying English.They created a short online grammar quiz called "Which English？"that tested noun-verb agreement，pronouns，prepositions and relative clauses，among other linguistic elements.They wanted to find out when the "critical period"for achieving the highest levels of grammatical fluency ends.
Based on people's grammar scores and information about their learning of English，the researchers developed models to find out how long it takes to become fluent in a language and the best age to start learning.They concluded that the ability to learn a new language，at least grammatically，is strongest until the age of 18.To become completely fluent，however，learning should start before the age of 10.
There are three main ideas as to why language-learning ability falls at 18：social changes，interference（干扰） from one's primary language and continuing brain development.At 18，kids typically graduate from high school and start college or enter the work force full-time.Once they do，they may no longer have the time，opportunity to study a second language.Or it is possible that after one masters a first language，its rules interfere with the ability to learn a second language.Finally，changes in the brain that continue during the late teens and early 20s may somehow make learning harder.
This is not to say that we cannot learn a new language if we are over 20.There are many examples of people who pick up a language later in life.
Although the study was conducted only in English，the researchers believe the findings will transfer to other languages and they are developing similar tests for Spanish and Mandarin.
15. In Paragraph 2，" this problem " refers to ______ .
A. at what age people can do the quiz
B. how people improve their language skills
C. why people find it hard to master grammar rules
D. in what period people can learn a new language well
16. Why does people's language-learning ability fall at 18？ ______
A. Because they have no good learning environment.
B. Because they are busy developing other life skills.
C. Because they needn't improve the language ability.
D. Because they focus more on their primary language.
17. Why does the author write the passage？ ______
A. To explain a finding. B. To provide a solution.
C. To lead a discussion. D. To support an opinion.
E
About 6 million to 12 million creatures are dissected（解剖） in U.S.classrooms every year，according to the National Anti-Vivisection Society，an animal rights group.While many students eagerly look forward to the chance to examine real animals up close，others say that there's no educational value in cutting into animals' bodies.Should students dissect real animals？
David Evans，the director of the National Science Teachers Association，argues that students should be given the chance to dissect animals in the classroom.Students learn best in a hands-on environment where they can work together to explore and discover.Interacting with organisms（生物） is an effective way to help students develop skills of observation and comparison and learn the unique structures（结构）and processes of organisms.As good as many models or simulations might be，they are very different from real organisms.And he believes they fall short of producing the respect for living things that comes from the actual dissection experience.
Jonathan Balcombe，a biologist and a life-long animal rights supporter，says，"I spent many years as a biology lab teacher.I remember the horrible feeling I had when it came time for my class to dissect animals.The lesson required that students cut open and examine dead frogs，fetal pigs，sparrows，and other creatures.I felt pity for these animals，who probably suffered before being killed.And I knew their pain could have been avoided.If students and teachers saw how these animals typically end up on their desks，I believe that dissections would soon stop."
He points out there are many effective choices for learning animal dissection and physiology，including 3-D models，videos，and computer software.Hundreds of programs are free through lending services like The Science Bank.The simulated dissections can be repeated，and the programs provide feedback.Several studies have shown that computer models and other choices teach students just as well as or better than traditional animal dissection.
I'm not surprised that no state requires dissection to graduate from high school，and no college or university demands it as part of the admissions process.In fact，laws in 18 U.S.states and Washington，D.C.support a student's right to use other choices.However，dissection could have a legal place in education if the animals did not suffer and were not intentionally killed.For example，some schools have students dissect animals that"were put to sleep"for medical reasons and whose bodies were donated to science.
18. Which of the following may Evans agree with？ ______
A. Models are as effective as actual dissections.
B. Students are short of chances to dissect animals.
C. Dissecting animals helps people respect creatures.
D. Students benefit much more when learning in groups.
19. What do we know about Balcombe's view on dissecting animals？ ______
A. It causes pain to animals.
B. It advances medicine research.
C. It should be more educational.
D. It should be put in school programs.
20. What is the passage mainly about？ ______
A. The nature of dissection.
B. The necessity of dissection.
C. The result of dissecting animals.
D. The research on dissected animals.
Keep Sight of Dry Eye

Do your eyes feel uncomfortable or dry？If so，you might have dry eye syndrome （综合征）. (1) It can affect the enjoyment of social activities and your ability to focus on your studies.But solutions for dry eyes do exist，so read on.
In the past，dry eye syndrome was mainly a condition experienced by older adults，but it now affects many young people as well.Dry eye often results from overuse of computers or smartphones，which causes the user to blink（眨眼） less.Since blinking helps keep our eyes wet，a lack（缺少） of it can lead to dry eye. (2) As a result，those who spend a lot of time indoors are particularly at risk.Finally，wearing a medical mask can cause dry eye，since breathing with a mask on can force air out through the top of the mask and into our eyes.
(3) The first step toward prevention is cleanliness.When you wash your face，clean your eyes with a mild soap.Then，cover your eyes with a warm，wet cloth.Preventing dry eye also means avoiding tiredness in the eyes，so take frequent breaks when using your computer.While you're on a computer break，focus on blinking，making sure that you close your eyes fully on each blink. (4) Another way to prevent dry eye is to drink more water.For good overall health，experts advise drinking 8 to 10 glasses of water per day，which will increase tear production.
If you suffer from dry eye syndrome，these steps can go a long way toward making your eyes feel better.However，if the problem doesn't go away，then it's time to see a doctor. (5)

A.After all，your health is worth keeping an eye on.
B.Blinking can help protect the surface of your eyes.
C.This happens when you don't produce enough tears.
D.Air-conditioning and fans also contribute to dry eye.
E.Limit screen time and take breaks from staring at screens.
F.Treatments for dry eyes can include eye exercises and eye drops.
G.All it takes is a few lifestyle changes to prevent and treat dry eye syndrome.

21.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
22.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
23.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
24.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
25.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
26.

strategy demand major rescue obviously

(1) Sugar is a ______ cause of toothache.
(2) The boy was in tears and ______ very upset.
(3) These sports ______ both speed and strength.
(4) The lady was trying to ______ her son from the fire.
(5) We must develop a ______ to deal with the problem.
27.

addicted to apply for looking forward to in ruins take control of

(1) Mike is ______ computer games.
(2) After the earthquake，the whole city was ______ .
(3) We are really ______ seeing you again.
(4) Students are encouraged to ______ their own learning.
(5) Kate is planning to go to Iceland for holiday.She will ______ a visa soon.
28.

injure arrange confident power create

(1) Have you made all your travel ______ ？
(2) Two players are out of the team because of ______ .
(3) That ______ inventor designed a new kind of machine.
(4) I felt I was doing well and my ______ began to grow.
(5) An athlete should have a ______ body and a strong mind.
29. We are all faced with challenges in our lives.Most people have a hard time accepting and dealing with them.The truth is that you will have to deal with difficult problems throughout your life.Here are some tips on how to deal with everyday challenges.
(1) Don't compare your lifestyle with others.It is really difficult not to compare ourselves with others；however，the more often we do that，the more dissatisfied we will feel.There will be people that may have accomplished more than you.The key thing to remember is that you create your own story and success in life.
(2) Don't blame others.Many people make a habit of blaming others for all their problems.They fail to take full responsibility for the decisions they have made in life.The more you blame others for the challenges you are faced with，the more you will make people dislike you and not want to be around you.The first thing you want to do when faced with a personal challenge is not to start pointing fingers at others.
(3) Accept changes in your life.You will have to deal with changes in life all the time.Many people don't like change because it gets them outside of their comfort zone.You may be unhappy or happy at certain times；however，you have to realize that those two feelings will not last forever.You have to always train your mind to be at peace despite the emotional state you are experiencing.
(4) Don't think too much.When you think too much about an event that happened，you will start to judge everything and everyone.When you think too much，you will have a very hard time accepting reality and you will think that something is not right.Thinking too much can also lead you not to take action on your goal.This can make you really sad in the long run.
Life is full of its ups and downs.With the right mindset and practice，you will be able to overcome them every time and grow in the process!

（1）What is the key thing to remember if you want to stop comparing your lifestyle with others？ ______
（2）What will happen if you blame others for the challenges you are faced with？ ______
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why. ______
You will feel sad because thinking too much makes you refuse to accept reality.
（4）What are the other ways to deal with challenges in your life？（In about 40 words） ______
30. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友Jim发来邮件，表示他对自己的形象不满，因此感到十分烦恼。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）表示理解；
（2）提出建议。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：形象、外貌 look
Dear Jim，
___________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析

1~10.【答案】B、D、A、B、D、B、C、A、D、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.angry愤怒的；B.frightened害怕的；C.excited激动的；D.curious好奇的。上学的第一天，我很害怕，因为我甚至不会用英语打招呼。根据下文 because I couldn't even say hello in English可知作者是"害怕的"。故选B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.explore探索；B.improve改进；C.study学习，研究；D.communicate沟通，交流。我们一句英语都不会说，只能通过肢体语言交流，但这并不能阻止我们成为好朋友。故选D。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.friends朋友；B.roommates室友；C.advisers顾问；D.travellers旅行者。我们一句英语都不会说，只能通过肢体语言交流，但这并不能阻止我们成为好朋友。根据下文laughing and talking to each other in broken English可知是成为好朋友。故选A。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.shocked震惊的；B.confident有信心的；C.upset沮丧的；D.calm平静的。这是我第一次有足够的信心说出我一整年所学的几个单词。根据上文laughing and talking to each other in broken English可知是"自信的"。故选B。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.heart心脏；B.hope希望；C.interest兴趣，利息；D.touch联系，触摸。我们失去联系。根据上文Unfortunately，at the end of that year，Natsumi's family moved to Queensland and mine to New South Wales.可知是失去联系。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.warned警告；B.reminded提醒；C.informed通知；D.freed释放。我的许多学生都是日本人，这让我想起了Natsumi。remind sb of sth：使某人想起某事。故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.applied应用；B.tracked跟踪；C.tried尝试；D.failed失败。在2018年访问日本时，我再次尝试。根据下文Having spent a long night online，I came across someone named Natsumi可知是"尝试"。故选C。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.reply回复，答复；B.tip小费，建议；C.contact联系；D.sign标志。第二天，有人回复："加比？来自珀斯的加比？"根据上文Trying my luck，I sent her a message.可知是"回复"。故选A。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.awkward笨拙的；B.impossible不可能的；C.attractive有吸引力的；D.unbelievable难以置信的。再次见到她令人难以置信。故选D。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.honestly诚实地；B.peacefully和平地；C.fluently流利地；D.politely礼貌地。然而，这一次，我们不仅能够用英语交流，而且能够流利地交流。根据上文 Years later，I went into training as a teacher，teaching English to newly-arrived students and adults可知是"流利地"。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是如何在异国交到好朋友并且多年后重遇好友的。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

11.【答案】【小题1】confusing
【小题2】but
【小题3】because/as/for
【小题4】who/that
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：第一周有点混乱。分析句子可知，空处填形容词作表语，表示"令人困惑的，混乱的"用ing结尾的形容词，故填confusing。
（2）考查连词。句意：我知道中文是一门很难的语言，但我希望毕业时能说流利。前后是转折关系，所以用but连接，故填but。
（3）考查原因状语从句。句意：我的导师建议我报名高级文学。因为我喜欢英语，而且我擅长英语。分析句子可知，空处引导状语从句，表示原因，故填because/as/for。
（1）考查定语从句。句意：这位被称为"飞人乔丹"的球员用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。
（2）考查可数名词的复数。句意：乔丹的技术令人印象深刻，但他所表现出的精神力量使他独一无二。作主语，谓语为were，所以用名词复数，故填skills。
（3）考查介词。句意：乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中吸取教训。learn from"从……中学习"，为固定搭配，故填from。
（1）考查定语从句。句意：本周早些时候袭击古巴的强风暴"伊恩"飓风在佛罗里达州西海岸登陆前升级为强风暴。先行词为a powerful storm，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：自灾难发生以来，至少有125人死亡，其中佛罗里达州120人，北卡罗来纳州5人。该空在句中作谓语动词，由"since the disaster happened"可知，时态为现在完成时，故填have been dead。
（3）考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：百分之九十的迈尔斯堡海滩被它摧毁了。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语Ninety percent of Fort Myers Beach和destroy之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，百分数后面所接的名词为单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词则用第三人称单数，故填was destroyed。
（4）考查动词时态。句意：现在，救援人员日夜努力工作，以确保人们的安全。根据时间提示词"Right now"可知，时态为现在进行时，主语为名词复数，故填are working。
这是三个片段。A 这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者刚进入高中后关于选科的一些经历和想法。B 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了"飞人"乔丹的故事。C 这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了"伊恩"飓风所造成的的损害。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

12~14.【答案】C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Highlights部分中的Private Guided Tour for photography lovers（摄影爱好者私人导游）可知，这个旅行适合喜欢拍照的人。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据Itinerary部分中的After a short lunch break，walk for 20 minutes to No.2 Viewing Platform，a perfect place for a wonderful view of the terraces beneath.（短暂的午休后，步行20分钟到达2号观景台，这是一个完美的地方，可以欣赏下面梯田的美景。）可知，2号观景台是必去之地。故选D。
（3）目的意图题。根据The Longji Rice Terraces Day Tour可知，本文的主要目的是介绍龙脊梯田这个景点。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了龙脊梯田一日游的详细信息。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

15~17.【答案】D、A、A
【解析】（1）代词指代题。根据第一段The older you get，the more difficult it is to learn a new language.But no one knows exactly what the cutoff point is—at what age it becomes harder.In one of the largest studies，researchers from Boston-based universities found that children are good at learning a second language up until the age of 18，about 10 years later than earlier thought.But the study also showed that it is best to start by age 10 if you want to achieve the grammatical fluency of a native speaker.（年龄越大，学习一门新语言就越困难。但没有人确切知道什么是截止点，什么年龄的学习会变得更困难。在一项最大的研究中，波士顿大学的研究人员发现，孩子们在18岁之前都很擅长学习第二语言，比之前的想法晚了大约10年。但研究还表明如果你想达到母语者的语法流利程度，从10岁开始。）划线词所在的句子To solve        ，the research team collected data on a person's age，language level and time studying English.（为了解决这个问题，研究团队收集了一个人的年龄、语言水平和学习英语的时间的数据。）可知划线词意思是"在什么时期人们可以学好一门新语言"。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段At 18，kids typically graduate from high school and start college or enter the work force full-time.Once they do，they may no longer have the time，opportunity to study a second language.（18岁时，孩子通常从高中毕业，开始上大学或全职工作。一旦他们毕业，他们可能就没有时间和机会学习第二语言。）可知人们的语言学习能力在18岁时下降是因为他们没有良好的学习环境。故选A。
（3）目的意图题。阅读全文以及根据最后一段Although the study was conducted only in English，the researchers believe the findings will transfer to other languages and they are developing similar tests for Spanish and Mandarin（尽管这项研究仅用英语进行，但研究人员相信，这一发现将转移到其他语言，他们正在开发类似的西班牙语和普通话测试。）可知本文主要解释了一种发现：学习一门新语言的能力在18岁之前最强。故选A。
本文主要解释了一种发现：学习一门新语言的能力在18岁之前最强。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

18~20.【答案】C、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段David Evans，the director of the National Science Teachers Association，argues that students should be given the chance to dissect animals in the classroom.Students learn best in a hands-on environment where they can work together to explore and discover.Interacting with organisms（生物） is an effective way to help students develop skills of observation and comparison and learn the unique structures（结构）and processes of organisms.As good as many models or simulations might be，they are very different from real organisms.And he believes they fall short of producing the respect for living things that comes from the actual dissection experience.（美国国家科学教师协会（National Science Teachers Association）主席大卫•埃文斯（David Evans）认为，应该给学生在课堂上解剖动物的机会。学生们在动手的环境中学习得最好，在那里他们可以一起探索和发现。与生物互动是帮助学生培养观察和比较技能并学习独特结构的有效途径以及生物的过程。尽管许多模型或模拟可能很好，但它们与真实的生物非常不同。他认为，这些模型和模拟无法产生对生物的尊重，而这种尊重来自于实际的解剖体验。）可知Evans同意：解剖动物有助于人们尊重动物。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Jonathan Balcombe，a biologist and a life-long animal rights supporter，says，"I spent many years as a biology lab teacher.I remember the horrible feeling I had when it came time for my class to dissect animals.The lesson required that students cut open and examine dead frogs，fetal pigs，sparrows，and other creatures.I felt pity for these animals，who probably suffered before being killed.（生物学家、终身动物权利支持者乔纳森•巴尔科姆（Jonathan Balcombe）表示"我做了很多年的生物实验室老师。我记得我上课解剖动物时的那种可怕的感觉。课上要求学生剖开尸体，检查死青蛙、猪胎、麻雀和其他生物。我对这些动物感到同情，他们可能在被杀前就遭受了痛苦。）可知巴尔科姆认为解剖动物会给动物带来痛苦。故选A。
（3）主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第二段David Evans，the director of the National Science Teachers Association，argues that students should be given the chance to dissect animals in the classroom.Students learn best in a hands-on environment where they can work together to explore and discover.Interacting with organisms（生物） is an effective way to help students develop skills of observation and comparison and learn the unique structures（结构）and processes of organisms.As good as many models or simulations might be，they are very different from real organisms.And he believes they fall short of producing the respect for living things that comes from the actual dissection experience.（美国国家科学教师协会（National Science Teachers Association）主席大卫•埃文斯（David Evans）认为，应该给学生在课堂上解剖动物的机会。学生们在动手的环境中学习得最好，在那里他们可以一起探索和发现。与生物互动是帮助学生培养观察和比较技能并学习独特结构的有效途径以及生物的过程。尽管许多模型或模拟可能很好，但它们与真实的生物非常不同。他认为，这些模型和模拟无法产生对生物的尊重，而这种尊重来自于实际的解剖体验。）可知本文主要讲述了解剖的必要性。故选B。
本文主要讲述了解剖的必要性。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

21~25.【答案】C、D、G、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文 Do your eyes feel uncomfortable or dry？If so，you might have dry eye syndrome （综合征）. （你的眼睛感到不舒服或干燥吗如果是这样，你可能患有干眼症。）以及下文It can affect the enjoyment of social activities and your ability to focus on your studies.（它会影响社交活动的乐趣和你专注于学习的能力。）可知，C项" 当你没有产生足够的眼泪时，就会发生这种情况。"承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据下文As a result，those who spend a lot of time indoors are particularly at risk.（因此，那些长时间呆在室内的人尤其危险。）可知，D项"空调和风扇也会导致干眼症。"引起下文，符合语境。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。根据下文The first step toward prevention is cleanliness.（预防和治疗干眼症只需要改变一些生活方式。）可知，本段主要讲预防的方式方法。G项"只要改变一下生活方式，就可以预防和治疗干眼症。"，能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文While you're on a computer break，focus on blinking，making sure that you close your eyes fully on each blink.（当你在电脑前休息时，注意眨眼，确保每次眨眼时都完全闭上眼睛。）可知，B项"眨眼有助于保护眼睛表面。"承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文However，if the problem doesn't go away，then it's time to see a doctor.（然而，如果问题没有解决，那么是时候去看医生了。）可知，A项"毕竟，你的健康值得关注。"总结上文，符合语境。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了干眼症的病因及方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

26.【答案】【小题1】major
【小题2】obviously
【小题3】demand
【小题4】rescue
【小题5】strategy
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：糖是牙痛的主要原因。根据句意，结合名词cause可知，此处缺少形容词修饰名词cause，major"主要的"符合语境。故填major。
（2）考查副词。句意：那男孩哭了，显然很难过。obviously"明显地"符合语境。故填obviously。
（3）考查动词。句意：这些运动需要速度和力量。分析可知，此处在句中作谓语，主语These sports是复数，结合句意应用一般现在时，demand"要求"符合语境。故填demand。
（4）考查动词。句意：这位女士试图从大火中救出她的儿子。分析可知，try to do sth.，故填动词原形，rescue"挽救，拯救"符合语境。故填rescue。
（5）考查可数名词的单数。句意：我们必须制定一项战略来解决这个问题。根据句意结合a可知，此处填可数名词的单数，strategy"策略"符合语境。故填strategy。
（1）糖是牙痛的主要原因。
（2）那男孩哭了，显然很难过。
（3）这些运动需要速度和力量。
（4）这位女士试图从大火中救出她的儿子。
（5）我们必须制定一项战略来解决这个问题。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
   一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
    当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

27.【答案】【小题1】addicted to
【小题2】in ruins
【小题3】looking forward to
【小题4】take control of
【小题5】apply for
【解析】（1）考查固定短语。句意：迈克沉迷于电脑游戏。根据句意可知表示"沉迷于"，用固定短语be addicted to，故填addicted to。
（2）考查介词短语。句意：地震后，整个城市都成了废墟。根据句意可知表示"成了废墟"，用固定短语in ruins，故填in ruins。
（3）考查动词短语。句意：我们真的很期待再次见到你。根据句意可知表示"期待"，用固定短语look forward to，are后用现在分词构成现在进行时，故填looking forward to。
（4）考查动词短语。句意：鼓励学生自主学习。根据句意可知表示"控制"，用固定短语 take control of，are encouraged to后用动词原形，故填 take control of。
（5）考查动词短语。句意：凯特计划去冰岛度假。她很快就会申请签证。根据句意可知表示"申请"，用固定短语apply for，will后用动词原形，故填apply for。
（1）迈克沉迷于电脑游戏。
（2）地震后，整个城市都成了废墟。
（3）我们真的很期待再次见到你。
（4）鼓励学生自主学习。
（5）凯特计划去冰岛度假。她很快就会申请签证。
选择合适的单词或者短语主要的依据是句子的含义，我们往往会根据空格前后的句子，短语和单词来选出合适的短语；同时还要注意使用短语的正确形式，特别是动词短语，首先要判断是做谓语还是非谓语，如果是谓语动词要注意时态和语态，如果是非谓语动词，要注意判断所做的句子成分，从而选用正确的非谓语动词的形式。

28.【答案】【小题1】arrangements
【小题2】injury
【小题3】creative
【小题4】confidence
【小题5】powerful
【解析】（1）考查可数名词的复数。句意：你安排好旅行了吗？分析可知此处缺少名词，结合前面的all可知，填可数名词的复数形式，故填arrangements。
（2）考查不可数名词。句意：两名球员因伤退出了球队。根据前面的介词of可知，此处填名词作宾语，injure的名词形式是injury，此处injury是抽象名词，不可数，故填injury。
（3）考查形容词。句意：那个创意发明家设计了一种新型机器。修饰后文名词inventor应用形容词，且结合句意表示"创意的"，故填creative。
（4）考查不可数。句意：我觉得我做得很好，我的信心开始增强。根据句意结合my可知，填名词，confidence不可数名词，故填confidence。
（5）考查形容词。句意：运动员应该有强健的身体和坚强的头脑。修饰后文名词body应用形容词，且结合句意表示"强健的"，故填powerful。
（1）你安排好旅行了吗？
（2）两名球员因伤退出了球队。
（3）那个创意发明家设计了一种新型机器。
（4）我觉得我做得很好，我的信心开始增强。
（5）运动员应该有强健的身体和坚强的头脑。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
   一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
    当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

29.【答案】【小题1】The key thing to remember is that you create your own story and success in life.
【小题2】People will dislike me/you and will not want to be around me/you.
【小题3】You will feel sad        .According to the passage，you will feel sad because thinking too much can lead you not to take action on your goal.
【小题4】Simplify the challenge you're facing by breaking it down into steps.As you get through each step，you develop confidence and finally you will get it done.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句The key thing to remember is that you create your own story and success in life.（关键是要记住你创造了自己的故事和人生的成功。）可知，如果你想停止与他人比较你的生活方式的关键是记住你创造了自己的故事和人生的成功。故答案为The key thing to remember is that you create your own story and success in life.
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句The more you blame others for the challenges you are faced with，the more you will make people dislike you and not want to be around you.（你越是因为你面临的挑战而责备别人，你就越会让人们不喜欢你，不想和你在一起。）可知，如果你把你面临的挑战归咎于他人，人们就会不喜欢你，不想和你在一起。故答案为People will dislike me/you and will not want to be around me/you.
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句When you think too much，you will have a very hard time accepting reality and you will think that something is not right.Thinking too much can also lead you not to take action on your goal.This can make you really sad in the long run.（当你想得太多的时候，你会很难接受现实，你会认为有些事情是不对的。想得太多也会导致你没有对目标采取行动。从长远来看，这会让你很难过。）可知，想得太多会导致你没有对目标采取行动，这会让你很难过，故应将题干中的because thinking too much makes you refuse to accept reality（因为想太多会让你拒绝接受现实）划线。故答案为You will feel sad        .According to the passage，you will feel sad because thinking too much can lead you not to take action on your goal.
（4）开放性问题。只要是应对挑战的方法即可。故答案为Simplify the challenge you're facing by breaking it down into steps.As you get through each step，you develop confidence and finally you will get it done.
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了应对挑战的方法。
阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。

30.【答案】Dear Jim，
I feel terribly sorry to know that you are not satisfied with your appearance.【高分句型一】I understand how you feel now.Don't worry.The situation is easy to change if you take my advice into account.Here are some suggestions for you.（表示理解）
I think you should stop comparing yourself with others，especially stars and models.Stop looking for things that are wrong with your face or body.You can make a list of the things you like about yourself.This way you will feel positive about yourself and your body，and become happier.Why not spend more time exploring your interests.【高分句型二】I'm sure your life will be enriched and you will feel better about yourself.（提出建议）
Hope you will find my advice useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I feel terribly sorry to know that you are not satisfied with your appearance.
翻译：得知你对自己的外表不满意，我感到非常遗憾。
分析：本句使用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：Why not spend more time exploring your interests.
翻译：为什么不花更多的时间探索你的兴趣。
分析：本句使用了固定搭配why not do sth译为"为什么不......"。
书信类作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。