2022-2023学年北京市东城区高一上学期期末统一检测英语试卷（Word版含答案）

东城区2022-2023学年度第一学期期末统一检测

高一英语

2023. 1

本试卷共10页, 共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 共25分）

第一节 完形填空（共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分）

阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My family moved to Perth, Australia when I was six. On the first day of school, I was___1 ___because I couldn't even say hello in English.

Then I met Natsumi. Her family had just moved to Australia from Japan. Unable to speak a word of English, we could only ___2___ through body language, but this did not stop us from becoming fast  ___3 ___ . My mum has a clear memory of one car trip when Natsumi and I were sitting in the backseat, laughing and talking to each other in broken English. It was the first time I felt  ___4  ___enough to speak the few words I had learned throughout the year.

Unfortunately, at the end of that year, Natsumi's family moved to Queensland and mine to New South Wales. We lost ___ 5  ___.

Years later, I went into training as a teacher, teaching English to newly-arrived students and adults. Many of my students were Japanese, which ___6 ___me of Natsumi. Though I had long been looking for her, my searches had so far led nowhere.

On a visit to Japan in 2018, I  ___7 ___ again. Having spent a long night online, I came across someone named Natsumi. Trying my luck, I sent her a message. The next day, there was a  ___8 ___ : "Gabi? Gabi from Perth?”

We agreed on a date and met up for dinner. Seeing her again was ___9 ___However, this time, we were not only able to communicate with one another in English, but  ___10 ___so.

1. A. angry B. frightened C. excited D. curious

2. A. explore B. improve C. study D. communicate

3. A. friends B. roommates C. advisers D. travellers

4. A. shocked B. confident C. upset D. calm

5. A. heart B. hope C. interest D. touch

6. A. warned B. reminded C. informed D. freed

7. A. applied B. tracked C. tried D. Failed

8. A. reply B. tip C. contact D. Sign

9. A. awkward B. impossible C. attractive D. unbelievable

10. A. honestly B. peacefully C. fluently D. politely

第二节 语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分）

阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little  ___11 ___ （confuse）. First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, ___12 ___ I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature ___13  ___I like English and I'm good at it.

B

When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still. The player ___14 ___became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. Jordan's  ___15  ___（skill） were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win. Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning  ___16 ___his failures. Losing games taught him to practice harder and never give up.

C

Hurricane Ian, a powerful storm ___17 ___ hit Cuba earlier this week, grew to a strong storm before making landfall on Florida's west coast. At least 125 people, including 120 in Florida and 5 in North Carolina, ___18 （___die） since the disaster happened. Last week, Ian swept southwestern Florida, bringing heavy rains and dangerous flooding. Ninety percent of Fort Myers Beach  ___19  ___（destroy） by it. Right now rescue workers  ___20  ___（work） hard day and night to make sure people are safe.

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 共28分）

第一节（共9小题; 每小题2分, 共18分）

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

A

The Longji Rice Terraces Day Tour

Overview

Price: U. S. $ 128 Per Person

Time: Every Day at 8: 00 am

Duration: 9 hours

Highlights

-Private Guided Tour for photography lovers rice terraces

-Explore the extremely attractive rice terraces

-Experience the unique customs and lifestyle of local Zhuang village

Description

The Longji Rice Terraces are the most amazing terraces in China. With a history of around 700 years, the Longji Rice Terraces show both the great wisdom and physical efforts of the Zhuang people.

Itinerary

At 8: 00 am, your tour guide and driver will pick you up from your hotel in Guilin and transport you to the amazing Longji Terraces. （* Tourists staying outside of the city center need to pay an extra fee. ）

After a two-hour drive, you will reach the entrance to the Longji Terraces, where you will take an eco-sightseeing bus to Ping'an Village. Then the tour guide will show you around the village. Lunch is on your own. Your expert guide can give you some advice on the food choices in the village.

After a short lunch break, walk for 20 minutes to No. 2 Viewing Platform, a perfect place for a wonderful view of the terraces beneath. You will have enough time to take pictures and enjoy the fresh air.

Other services

Hotel pick-up and drop-off

Private English-speaking guide

Private driver & air-conditioned vehicle

Entrance fees to tourist sites

21. The tour is suitable for people who like _____.

A. local food

B. studying history

C. taking photos

D. city adventures

22. What information can travellers get from the itinerary?

A. The tour lasts 2 hours.

B. Lunch is included in the price.

C. Transport to rice terraces is free.

D. No. 2 Viewing Platform is a must-go.

23. The purpose of the passage is to ___.

A. give advice on hiking

B. promote a package tour

C. introduce a tourist attraction

D. provide geographic information

B

The older you get, the more difficult it is to learn a new language. But no one knows exactly what the cutoff point is-at what age it becomes harder. In one of the largest studies, researchers from Boston-based universities found that children are good at learning a second language up until the age of 18, about 10 years later than earlier thought. But the study also showed that it is best to start by age 10 if you want to achieve the grammatical fluency of a native speaker.

To solve this problem, the research team collected data on a person's age, language level and time studying English. They created a short online grammar quiz called “Which English?” that tested noun-verb agreement, pronouns, prepositions and relative clauses, among other linguistic elements. They wanted to find out when the “critical period” for achieving the highest levels of grammatical fluency ends.

Based on people's grammar scores and information about their learning of English, the researchers developed models to find out how long it takes to become fluent in a language and the best age to start learning. They concluded that the ability to learn a new language, at least grammatically, is strongest until the age of 18. To become completely fluent, however, learning should start before the age of 10.

There are three main ideas as to why language-learning ability falls at 18: social changes, interference（干扰）from one＇s primary language and continuing brain development. At 18, kids typically graduate from high school and start college or enter the work force full-time. Once they do, they may no longer have the time, opportunity to study a second language. Or it is possible that after one masters a first language, its rules interfere with the ability to learn a second language. Finally, changes in the brain that continue during the late teens and early 20s may somehow make learning harder.

This is not to say that we cannot learn a new language if we are over 20. There are many examples of people who pick up a language later in life.

Although the study was conducted only in English, the researchers believe the findings will transfer to other languages and they are developing similar tests for Spanish and Mandarin.

24. In Paragraph 2, “this problem” refers to __.

A. at what age people can do the quiz

B. how people improve their language skills

C. why people find it hard to master grammar rules

D. in what period people can learn a new language well

25. Why does people's language-learning ability fall at 18?

A. Because they have no good learning environment.

B. Because they are busy developing other life skills.

C. Because they needn't improve the language ability.

D. Because they focus more on their primary language.

26. Why does the author write the passage?

A. To explain a finding.

B. To provide a solution.

C. To lead a discussion.

D. To support an opinion.

C

About 6 million to 12 million creatures are dissected（解剖）in U. S. classrooms every year, according to the National Anti-Vivisection Society, an animal rights group. While many students eagerly look forward to the chance to examine real animals up close, others say that there's no educational value in cutting into animals' bodies. Should students dissect real animals?

David Evans, the director of the National Science Teachers Association, argues that students should be given the chance to dissect animals in the classroom. Students learn best in a hands-on environment where they can work together to explore and discover. Interacting with organisms（生物）is an effective way to help students develop skills of observation and comparison and learn the unique structures（结构） and processes of organisms. As good as many models or simulations might be, they are very different from real organisms. And he believes they fall short of producing the respect for living things that comes from the actual dissection experience.

Jonathan Balcombe, a biologist and a life-long animal rights supporter, says, “I spent many years as a biology lab teacher. I remember the horrible feeling I had when it came time for my class to dissect animals. The lesson required that students cut open and examine dead frogs, fetal pigs, sparrows, and other creatures. I felt pity for these animals, who probably suffered before being killed. And I knew their pain could have been avoided. If students and teachers saw how these animals typically end up on their desks, I believe that dissections would soon stop. ”

He points out there are many effective choices for learning animal dissection and physiology, including 3-D models, videos, and computer software. Hundreds of programs are free through lending services like The Science Bank. The simulated dissections can be repeated, and the programs provide feedback. Several studies have shown that computer models and other choices teach students just as well as or better than traditional animal dissection.

I'm not surprised that no state requires dissection to graduate from high school, and no college or university demands it as part of the admissions process. In fact, laws in 18 U. S. states and Washington, D. C. support a student's right to use other choices. However, dissection could have a legal place in education if the animals did not suffer and were not intentionally killed. For example, some schools have students dissect animals that “were put to sleep” for medical reasons and whose bodies were donated to science.

27. Which of the following may Evans agree with?

A. Models are as effective as actual dissections.

B. Students are short of chances to dissect animals.

C. Dissecting animals helps people respect creatures.

D. Students benefit much more when learning in groups.

28. What do we know about Balcombe's view on dissecting animals?

A. It causes pain to animals.

B. It advances medicine research.

C. It should be more educational.

D. It should be put in school programs.

29. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The nature of dissection.

B. The necessity of dissection.

C. The result of dissecting animals.

D. The research on dissected animals.

第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）

根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Keep Sight of Dry Eye

Do your eyes feel uncomfortable or dry? If so, you might have dry eye syndrome（综合征）. ___30___ It can affect the enjoyment of social activities and your ability to focus on your studies. But solutions for dry eyes do exist, so read on.

In the past, dry eye syndrome was mainly a condition experienced by older adults, but it now affects many young people as well. Dry eye often results from overuse of computers or smartphones, which causes the user to blink（眨眼）less. Since blinking helps keep our eyes wet, a lack（缺少）of it can lead to dryeye.

___31 ___As a result, those who spend a lot of time indoors are particularly at risk. Finally, wearing a medical mask can cause dry eye, since breathing with a mask on can force air out through the top of the mask and into our eyes.

___32___ The first step toward prevention is cleanliness. When you wash your face, clean your eyes with a mild soap. Then, cover your eyes with a warm, wet cloth. Preventing dry eye also means avoiding tiredness in the eyes, so take frequent breaks when using your computer. While you're on a computer break, focus on blinking, making sure that you close your eyes fully on each blink. ___33___ Another way to prevent dry eye is to drink more water. For good overall health, experts advise drinking 8 to 10 glasses of water per day, which will increase tear production.

If you suffer from dry eye syndrome, these steps can go a long way toward making your eyes feel better. However, if the problem doesn't go away, then it's time to see a doctor. ___34___

A. After all, your health is worth keeping an eye on.

B. Blinking can help protect the surface of your eyes.

C. This happens when you don't produce enough tears.

D. Air-conditioning and fans also contribute to dry eye.

E. Limit screen time and take breaks from staring at screens.

F. Treatments for dry eyes can include eye exercises and eye drops.

G. All it takes is a few lifestyle changes to prevent and treat dry eye syndrome.

第三部分（共三节, 共47分）

第一节 选词填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 共15分）

A

请用方框中的单词完成句子, 并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。

strategy demand  major rescue obviously

35. Sugar is a __________cause of toothache.

36. The boy was in tears and __________very upset.

37. These sports __________both speed and strength.

38. The lady was trying to __________her son from the fire.

39. We must develop a __________to deal with the problem.

B

请用方框中的短语完成句子, 并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。

40. Mike is __________computer games.

41. After the earthquake, the whole city was __________.

42. We are really __________seeing you again.

43. Students are encouraged to __________their own learning.

44. Kate is planning to go to Iceland for holiday. She will __________a visa soon.

C

请用方框中单词的正确形式完成句子, 并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。

45. Have you made all your travel __________?

46. Two players are out of the team because of __________.

47. That __________inventor designed a new kind of machine.

48. I felt I was doing well and my __________began to grow.

49. An athlete should have a __________body and a strong mind.

第二节 阅读表达（共4小题; 第50、51题各2分, 第52题3分, 第53题5分, 共12分）

阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求回答问题。

We are all faced with challenges in our lives. Most people have a hard time accepting and dealing with them. The truth is that you will have to deal with difficult problems throughout your life. Here are some tips on how to deal with everyday challenges.

1. Don't compare your lifestyle with others. It is really difficult not to compare ourselves with others; however, the more often we do that, the more dissatisfied we will feel. There will be people that may have accomplished more than you. The key thing to remember is that you create your own story and success in life.

2. Don't blame others. Many people make a habit of blaming others for all their problems. They fail to take full responsibility for the decisions they have made in life. The more you blame others for the challenges you are faced with, the more you will make people dislike you and not want to be around you. The first thing you want to do when faced with a personal challenge is not to start pointing fingers at others.

3. Accept changes in your life. You will have to deal with changes in life all the time. Many people don't like change because it gets them outside of their comfort zone. You may be unhappy or happy at certain times; however, you have to realize that those two feelings will not last forever. You have to always train your mind to be at peace despite the emotional state you are experiencing.

4. Don't think too much. When you think too much about an event that happened, you will start to judge everything and everyone. When you think too much, you will have a very hard time accepting reality and you will think that something is not right. Thinking too much can also lead you not to take action on your goal. This can make you really sad in the long run.

Life is full of its ups and downs. With the right mindset and practice, you will be able to overcome them every time and grow in the process!

50. What is the key thing to remember if you want to stop comparing your lifestyle with others? 51. What will happen if you blame others for the challenges you are faced with?

52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

·You will feel sad because thinking too much makes you refuse to accept reality.

53. What are the other ways to deal with challenges in your life? （ In about 40 words）

第三节（20分）

假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友Jim发来邮件, 表示他对自己的

形象不满, 因此感到十分烦恼。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件, 内容包括:

1. 表示理解;

2. 提出建议。

注意: 1. 词数100左右;

2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。

提示词: 形象、外貌 look

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）