山东威海三年（2021-2023）中考英语真题分题型分类汇编-02语法填空和短文选词填空

山东威海三年（2021-2023）中考英语真题分题型分类汇编-02语法填空和短文选词填空

一、语法填空

（2021·山东威海·统考中考真题）用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。

A few years ago, Ed Jones was shopping at a second-hand store. He     1     (look) for something that might be valuable. If he found something valuable, he would buy it cheaply and then resell it. Suddenly, something caught is eye — a large cardboard map.

The map     2     (cover) with dust, so Mr. Jones wiped it clean. Under the dust was a color map of Paris. It looked old. On the back of the map: $3. Mr. Jones was quite certain that the map was worth more than three dollars, so he bought it.

The next day, Mr. Jones took the map to a geography professor. After looking at the map for a few minutes, the professor became very excited. “I’ve read about his map!” he exclaimed. Then he told Mr. Jones what he     3     (know).

In 1671, the king of France, Louis XIV, asked a cartographer (制图者)     4    (make) a map of Paris. The cartographer worked on the map for four years. The map was beautiful — it was not just a map, but a work of art as well. The cartographer carefully colored one of the copies, using blue for rivers, green for trees, and brown for buildings. The professor said that one black and white copy of the map was in the British Museum in London, and another was in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. “I think,” the professor said, “you     5     (find) the color copy of the map — in a second-hand store in the US!”

The professor suggested that Mr Jones take the map to New York City. Experts there could tell Mr Jones if the professor was right.

Mr Jones took the map to New York City. The New York experts told him that the map was extremely valuable. “How much do you think it’s worth?” Mr. Jones asked the experts. “Millions,” they replied. “It’s impossible to say exactly how much the map     6     (be) worth. It’s worth whatever someone is willing to pay for it.”

Soon Mr. Jones discovered how much people were willing to pay for the map. The most recent offer even reached 19.5 million dollars.

Mr. Jones hasn’t decided whether he     7     (sell) his three-dollar map at that price or wait for a higher offer. He     8     (think) it over.

（2022·山东威海·中考真题）用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。

Mr. Hope, the doorman at our school, walks with a limp (跛脚). Sometimes people make fun of his limp. It always     9     (make) me angry to hear them laughing at him.

Watching him make his way slowly around our school with the cleaning tools in hand, I often wondered why he limped.

One day while I     10     (stand) in the hall, I saw two boys laughing at Mr. Hope’s limp. The headmaster saw this and he was very mad. He took all of us down to the basement. He showed us a picture of a young man standing by a long, thin boat. “This is Mr. Hope when he     11     (be) a young man,” said the headmaster. I was shocked     12      (learn) that our doorman was once a great rower (划船运动员). In the 1968 Olympics, after the final race started, Mr. Hope’s boat and another one were soon far ahead of the other boats, racing neck and neck towards the finish line The race was going well when suddenly, Mr. Hope heard a huge cracking (爆裂) sound. He saw his opponent’s (对手) boat     13      (go) down fast. The man was in trouble because the boat had broken right in the middle. He     14     (stick) inside, unable to escape.

Without     15     (stop) to think, Mr. Hope jumped into the water and pulled the man up from underneath the water. The other boats     16     (pass) them on their way to the finish line, leaving the two men alone in the water. The other man had a broken leg and Mr. Hope’s leg was cut badly by the sharp wood splinters.

Mr. Hope never finished the race. He never got a gold medal at the Olympics. He did end up getting a special medal for sportsmanship. And ever since then he     17     (be) unable to walk properly.

As we stood there listening, the boys felt ashamed of what they had done. “Mr. Hope is a hero. His bravery and selfless actions make him an Olympic champion (冠军) forever. We     18     (not laugh) at him anymore,” said the boys.

（2023·山东威海·统考中考真题）用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。

I went to a restaurant for lunch with my Granddad yesterday, and when the starters came, I got out my phone and began to take some photos of them. My Granddad was very surprised, and he laughed at me. “Food is for eating!” he said, “And why     19     you _______ (take) photos of it?” Then I was surprised. Didn’t he know why?

All my friends always take photos of food in restaurants when they go out to eat, and the photos     20     (share) on social media(社交媒体). When we’re deciding which restaurant to go to, we look at photos people post on social media. Before I go to a restaurant, I also look at photos on social media     21     (see) the food on the menu. So, when I     22     (arrive) at the restaurant, I know what I want to eat.

Yesterday, my Granddad     23     (choose) mushroom(蘑菇) soup for his starter because he likes soup, and I ordered fruit salad because it looked delicious in a photo I saw on my phone. Both dishes were very good.

“Granddad! We     24     (finish) our starters. Now! Look at the menu for the main course (主菜).” He couldn’t     25     (decide) between a fish dish and a beef dish. “Would you like to see some photos of them?” I asked. He laughed again. “OK!” he said. I got out my phone again, found the photos and gave him the phone. He decided the beef because it came with rice and carrots.

After the meal, I asked Granddad, “    26     you _______ (use) photos on social media to choose your food next time you eat out?” “Maybe” he sad, “if I’m with one of my grandchildren!”

二、短文选词填空

（2021·山东威海·统考中考真题）根据短文内容, 选择适当的单词或短语填空, 使短文意思完整。每个选项仅使用一次。

There is an old English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Norman Cousins was the person who agreed with this.

Norman Cousins was the editor of a magazine for almost forty years. He also wrote and spoke about world peace, traveling to many different countries to     27    .

In the 1960s, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Europe, Mr. Cousins     28    . He discovered he had a rare disease（罕见的疾病）.

In less than a week after he got back, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to     29    . The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problem and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to     30    .

Mr. Cousins thought that the illness could be caused by     31    . He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that     32     or laughter might cure his illness.

He began to try on himself while still in the hospital by     33     on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.

Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital but he continued his experiments with     34    . For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching comedy shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt     35     to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.

After a few months, Mr. Cousins was able to carry on his work. He had laughed himself back to      36     .

（2022·山东威海·中考真题）根据短文内容选择适当的单词或短语填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项仅使用一次。

Cats and SecretsIn English, there is a common idiom (习语) : “let the cat out of the bag”. It means to tell a secret. But where did this idiom start?

It came from a part of England. Long ago, people there went     37     to sell things like clothes, vegetables, and pigs. They had strong beliefs about honesty. They didn’t like lying. One day, a man went     38     to sell things.

“I have a baby pig for sale! It won’t cost much,” he said. He held the animal above his head. His style was different from honest people’s style. He was a master of tricking people and lying.

A woman named Beth looked at his pig. He     39     her the pig for one gold coin. That was a very small amount. Beth     40     him the coin. He put it in his pocket. He walked ahead of Beth to get the pig.

He gave her a closed bag and said, “Here’s your pig.” He then left very soon.

Beth looked at the bag. It was moving. She opened it to     41     . A cat was inside! “He tricked me! That isn’t proper,” she said.

Later, the man     42     to trick more people. Beth saw him, and the memory of the cat came back. She told her friends. They stopped him. But no one knew     43    .

Someone said, “We need an independent and fair person to decide that.” They went to the judge (法官) . Beth told him about     44    .

The judge asked, “Is there evidence? Can you demonstrate (证明) how he did it?”

“Look in his bag,” said Beth. She opened it and     45    . They learned the man’s secret, and he went to jail (监狱).

That’s how the idiom “let the cat out of the bag” came to mean to     46    .

（2023·山东威海·统考中考真题）根据短文内容，选择适当的短语填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项仅使用一次。

Moving from Here to There...Do you know someone who moved to your city or town? Maybe they came from a rural（乡村的）area, or from another city. Perhaps they came from another country.

Every day, people     47     and move to new places. Why do people move? Let’s look at three important reasons.

Jobs

People move to find jobs and     48    . Sometimes, people move from rural areas to urban（城市的）areas to get a job. In 1990, about a quarter of the people in China lived in cities. Today, over half of the Chinese people live in cities.

People     49     to find a better way of life, too. For example, immigrants（移民）from Europe moved to Brazil in the 1950s to work in factories.

Li Lin: Last year my father moved to the city of Chengdu to find work. My mother and I stayed in our small town. I felt lonely     50    . Now we all live together in an apartment in Chengdu. I’m in a good school, and I really like my new friends.

Services

When another city has good services, people want to move there. A city with good services may also be a cleaner and     51     to live in.

Sometimes people move from a city to areas called suburbs（郊区）. Suburbs are near the outside of a city. Suburbs have     52     for schools, hospitals, clinics, shopping malls, and zoos. Families     53     like to live in suburbs.

Mark: When I was three, my parents sold their flat in central London and bought a house in the suburbs. My dad has to drive further to work now, but I can walk to school. There’s lots of space to play football     54     here.

New Experiences

Finally, people move when they     55     in their lives, or to find new experiences. Older people often move to places with better weather. If students want to learn about other places, they sometimes go to universities in other countries.

Tiago: My grandparents moved to Portugal when I was five. They visit us here in Stockholm in summer, but in winter they stay in Portugal. They love      56      there.

As you can see, people move for many reasons. Maybe someday, you, or someone you know, will move, too!

参考答案：

1．was looking    2．was covered    3．knew/had known    4．to make    5．have found    6．is    7．will sell    8．is thinking

【分析】文章讲Ed Jones在二手商店以3美元买了一幅地图，后来发现这幅地图价值不菲。

1．句意：他在找一些可能有价值的东西。根据“Ed Jones was shopping at a second-hand store”可知是正在寻找东西，用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。主语“He”后用be动词was，look的现在分词形式为looking。故填was looking。

2．句意：地图上满是灰尘，所以琼斯先生把它擦干净了。根据“The map ... (cover) with dust”可知是被灰尘覆盖，结合“wiped”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。主语“The map”后接be动词was，cover的过去分词形式为covered。故填was covered。

3．句意：然后他告诉了琼斯先生他所知道的一切。主过从必过，从句用过去时态，可表示过去知道的一切，也可表示过去已经知道的一切，用一般过去时或过去完成时。know的过去式是knew；过去完成时的结构为had done，know的过去分词为known。故填knew/had known。

4．句意：1671年，法国国王路易十四让一位制图师绘制一张巴黎地图。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，用动词不定式to make作宾语补足语。故填to make。

5．句意：“我想，”教授说，“你已经在美国的一家二手商店里找到了这幅地图的彩色副本！”此处指到说话时为止已经找到了，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语“you”后用助动词have，find的过去分词形式为found。故填have found。

6．句意：要确切地说出这幅地图值多少钱是不可能的。主现从不限，此处表示说话的当时值多少钱，用一般现在时，the map后接be动词is。故填is。

7．句意：琼斯还没有决定是以这个价格出售这张3美元的地图，还是等待更高的报价。根据“Mr. Jones hasn’t decided”可知还未决定是否要卖，用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故填will sell。

8．句意：他正在考虑这件事。根据“Mr. Jones hasn’t decided”可知到目前为止还未决定，现在正在思考，用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing，主语“He”后接be动词is，think的现在分词形式为thinking。故填is thinking。

9．makes    10．was standing    11．was    12．to learn    13．going    14．was stuck    15．stopping    16．passed    17．has been    18．will not laugh/won’t laugh

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，很多孩子嘲笑门卫霍普先生的跛脚，校长告诉我们背后的故事，霍普先生因为救人，自己受了伤，他是一位真正的英雄。孩子们意识到了自己的错误。

9．句意：听到他们嘲笑他，我总是很生气。时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单，故填makes。

10．句意：一天，我站在大厅里，看见两个男孩在嘲笑霍普先生的跛脚。根据“One day while I...in the hall, I saw two boys laughing at Mr. Hope’s limp.”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点，动作正在发生，用过去进行时，主语是I，故填was standing。

11．句意：“这是年轻时的霍普先生，”校长说。本句时态是一般过去时，主语是he，故填was。

12．句意：我很震惊地得知我们的门卫曾经是一个很棒的划船运动员。be shocked to do sth“做某事感到震惊”，故填to learn。

13．句意：他看到对手的船沉得很快。根据“He saw his opponent’s (对手) boat...down fast.”可知，此处是see...doing sth“看见……正在做”，使用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填going。

14．句意：他被卡住了在里面，无法逃脱。主语He是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was stuck。

15．句意：霍普先生想都没想就跳进水里，把那个人从水下拉了上来。Without是介词，其后用动名词作宾语，故填stopping。

16．句意：其他的船在他们到达终点的路上超过了他们，留下这两个人独自在水里。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填passed。

17．句意：从那以后，他就不能正常走路了。根据“And ever since then”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语是he，故填has been。

18．句意：我们不会再嘲笑他了。根据“We...at him anymore”可知，此处承诺未来的事，用一般将来时，will not=won’t，故填will not laugh/won’t laugh。

19．are/did；taking/take    20．are shared/will be shared    21．to see    22．arrive    23．chose    24．have finished    25．decide    26．Will；use

【导语】本文主要叙述作者和爷爷去餐厅吃饭的故事，作者饭前拍照发社交媒体，爷爷对此不太理解，但爷孙俩还是按照别人发过的照片挑选了菜品。

19．句意：你为什么要给它拍照？根据语境可知，此处可以是爷爷在问作者正在做的事情，用现在进行时；另一方面，也可以是作者拍完了照，爷爷问作者刚才为什么拍照，用一般过去时。主语是you，现在进行时be动词用are；一般过去时里助动词用did，后加动词原形，故填are/did；taking/take。

20．句意：我所有的朋友出去吃饭的时候都会给餐馆里的食物拍照，并把照片分享到社交媒体上。根据“All my friends always take photos of food in restaurants when they go out to eat,”可知此处的时态可以是一般现在时，表示经常性的动作。另一方面，可以说是先拍照，然后再分享，可以用一般将来时。主语和动词share之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are done，或一般将来时的被动语态：will be done。主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are shared/will be shared。

21．句意：在我去餐厅之前，我也会在社交媒体上看照片，看看菜单上的食物。see是动词，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to see。

22．句意：所以，当我到达餐厅时，我知道我想吃什么。根据“I know what I want to eat.”可知本句是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形，故填arrive。

23．句意：昨天，我爷爷选了蘑菇汤作为他的开胃菜，因为他喜欢汤。根据“Yesterday”可知句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填chose。

24．句意：我们已经吃完了开胃菜。根据“Now! Look at the menu for the main course (主菜).”可说明开胃菜已经吃完了，所以可以看主菜了，应用现在完成时，主语是we，助动词用have，故填have finished。

25．句意：他决定不了是吃鱼还是吃牛肉。decide是动词，空前有情态动词，动词用原形，故填decide。

26．句意：你会用社交媒体上的照片来选择食物吗？根据“next time you eat out?”可知本句是一般将来时：will do。故填Will；use。

27．A    28．C    29．F    30．J    31．E    32．D    33．I    34．B    35．H    36．G

【分析】本文主要讲述了Cousins先生认为疾病可能是由不高兴的想法导致的，所以就通过看喜剧节目，通过笑治疗好了自己的疾病，说明笑声是最好的药。

27．句意：他还写了关于世界和平的文章并发表演讲，前往许多不同的国家分享他的想法。根据空前“He also wrote and spoke about world peace, traveling to many different countries”可知，应是为了分享他的想法，故空处应是share his ideas。故填A。

28．句意：20世纪60年代，Cousins先生从繁忙而疲惫的欧洲之旅返回美国后，生病了。根据后句“He discovered he had a rare disease（罕见的疾病）. ”可知，应是生病了，故空处应是got sick。故选C。

29．句意：他晚上不能睡着。根据空前“In less than a week after he got back, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful.”可推测，应是晚上不能睡着，故空处应是sleep at night。故填F。

30．句意：然而，Cousins先生拒绝放弃希望。根据空前“The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problem and he might never get over the illness.”和however的提示可知，应是Cousins先生拒绝放弃希望，故空处应是give up hope。故填J。

31．句意：Cousins先生认为疾病可能是由不愉快的想法引起的。根据下文“or laughter might cure his illness.”可知，应是Cousins先生认为疾病可能是由不愉快的想法引起的，故空处应是unhappy thoughts。故填E。

32．句意：相反，他觉得快乐的想法或笑声可以治愈他的疾病。根据前文“Mr. Cousins thought that the illness could be caused by….”可知，应是快乐的想法或笑声可以治愈他的疾病，故空处应是happy thoughts。故填D。

33．句意：他还在医院时就开始通过看电视上的喜剧节目来尝试治疗自己。根据空后“on television”可知，应是看电视上的喜剧节目，故空处应是watching comedy shows。故填I。

34．句意：Cousins先生认为医生帮不了他，于是离开了医院，但他用笑声继续他的试验。根据前文“Instead, he felt that… or laughter might cure his illness.”可知，应是用笑声继续他的试验，故空处应是laughter。故填B。

35．句意：三周之内，他感觉很好，可以去波多黎各度假，在那里他开始在海滩上跑步锻炼。根据空后“to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.”可知，应是他感觉很好，故空处应是well enough。故填H。

36．句意：他笑着恢复了健康。根据前句“After a few months, Mr. Cousins was able to carry on his work.”可知，应是他笑着恢复了健康，故空处应是health。故填G。

37．J    38．I    39．D    40．H    41．F    42．G    43．B    44．A    45．E    46．C

【导语】本文介绍了一个关于猫的习语。

37．句意：很久以前，人们从一个城镇到另一个城镇去卖衣服、蔬菜和猪之类的东西。根据“Long ago, people there went...to sell things like clothes, vegetables, and pigs.”可知，人们从一个城镇到另一个城镇去卖东西，from town to town“从一个城镇到另一个城镇”符合语境，故选J。

38．句意：一天，一个人到镇中心去卖东西。根据“a man went...to sell things”可知，去镇中心卖东西，to the town’s center“去镇中心”，故选I。

39．句意：他把猪卖给她一枚金币。根据“He...her the pig for one gold coin.”可知，他把猪卖给她一枚金币，offered“给予”符合语境，故选D。

40．句意：贝丝把硬币给了他。根据“Beth...him the coin.”可知，贝丝给男人钱买猪，gave“给”符合语境，故选H。

41．句意：她打开袋子让猪出来。根据“She opened it to... A cat was inside!”可知，打开袋子让猪出来，但是却发现是一只猫，let the pig out“让猪出来”符合语境，故选F。

42．句意：后来，这个人又回来骗更多的人。根据“Later, the man...to trick more people.”可知，这个人回来骗更多的人，returned“返回”符合语境，故选G。

43．句意：但是没有人知道下一步该怎么办。根据“But no one knew...”可知，没有人知道该怎么办，what to do next“下一步该怎么办”符合语境，故选B。

44．句意：贝丝把袋子里的猫告诉他了。根据“Beth told him about...”可知，贝丝告诉法官袋子里的猫，the cat in the bag“袋子里的猫”符合语境，故选A。

45．句意：她打开袋子，猫出来了。根据“She opened it and...”可知，打开袋子，猫出来了，let a cat out of the bag“让猫出袋子”，故选E。

46．句意：这就是俗语“泄露秘密”的意思。联系前文，猫从袋子里出来，意味着男人的秘密泄露了，tell a secret“告诉/泄露秘密”，故选C。

47．J    48．C    49．D    50．I    51．B    52．H    53．F    54．E    55．A    56．G

【导语】本文介绍了人们到处移居的几个原因。

47．句意：每天，人们收拾行装，搬到新的地方。根据“move to new places”可知，搬去新地方要收拾行装，备选词汇pack their belongings“收拾行装”符合语境。故填J。

48．句意：人们为了找工作和更好的生活而搬家。根据“find jobs”可知此处应用备选词汇a better life表示搬家为了“更好的生活”，符合语境。故填C。

49．句意：人们移居国外也是为了找到更好的生活方式。根据“immigrants（移民）from Europe moved to Brazil in the 1950s”可知此处应用备选词汇move abroad表示“移居国外”，符合语境。故填D。

50．句意：爸爸不在身边，我感到很孤单。根据“Li Lin: Last year my father moved to the city of Chengdu to find work.”可知，爸爸去成都找工作，说明爸爸不在身边，备选词汇without my father“爸爸不在身边”符合语境。故填I。

51．句意：一个拥有良好服务的城市也可能是一个更清洁、更安全的居住场所。根据“cleaner”可知备选词汇safer place“更安全的地方”符合语境。故填B。

52．句意：郊区有更多的空间供学校、医院、诊所、购物中心和动物园使用。根据“for schools, hospitals, clinics, shopping malls, and zoos”可知学校、医院、诊所、购物中心和动物园需要更多空间，备选词汇more space“更多空间”符合语境。故填H。

53．句意：有孩子的家庭喜欢住在郊区。根据“like to live in suburbs”可知备选词汇with children“有孩子的”符合语境。故填F。

54．句意：这里有很多空间可以和我的朋友们一起踢足球。根据“play football”可知此处备选词汇with my friends“和我的朋友们一起”符合语境。故填E。

55．句意：最后，当人们想要改变自己的生活或寻找新的体验时，他们就会搬家。根据“or to find new experiences”可知，备选词汇want a change“想要改变”符合语境。故填A。

56．句意：他们喜欢那里的天气。根据上一句“They visit us here in Stockholm in summer, but in winter they stay in Portugal.”可知谈到了天气，备选词汇the warm weather“暖和的天气”符合语境。故填G。