14 文化艺术(初中英语中考时文阅读+完型填空+任务型阅读)

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A city under the ash
被灰烬掩埋的城市
体裁 说明文 难度★★★ 词数189
In 1748,a city was unearthed on the east coast of Italy. It was covered in ash(灰烬).Most of its buildings were still standing. People found everyday objects(日常用品)like plates of homes. There was even some food left around. The city seemed to have been frozen in time. What had happened to it?
This city was called Pompeii(庞贝),It was built about 2,800 years ago. Early in its history, the city was ruled(统治)by the Greeks. Later, it came under the rule of Rome. At that time, there were cafes, shops and even bathhouses in the city. Around 12,000 people lived there.
In 79CE,a volcano(火山)near the city erupted(爆发).The eruption sent a cloud of ash, rock and gas high into the sky. People could see the cloud from a hundred kilometres away. Millions of tons of ash and rock buried the city. For over a thousand years, Pompeii had stayed in darkness under the ash.
Today, people have unearthed about a third of Pompeii. It is now open to visitors. The city that had once been frozen in time is now moving forward once again.
1.What does the underlined word “unearthed” in Paragraph 1 mean in Chinese?
A.掘出
B.敲响
C.改善
D.关闭
2.What does the Inderlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Pompeii.
B. Greek.
C. Italy.
D. Rome.
3.When was Pompeii built?
A. In 1748.
B.2,800 years ago.
C. In 79CE.
D.1,200 years ago.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Pompeii is covered in ash now.
B. Visitors can visit Pompeii now.
C. People finished unearthing Pompeii.
D. Pompeii is frozen again,
5.In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage?
A. Science.
B. People.
C. Culture.
D. Health.

重点句型及难句分析:
The city that had once been frozen in time is now moving forward once again.句意:这座曾经被冻结在时光里的城市,现在又重新向前发展了.
that had once been frozen in time 是定语从句,修饰The city; be frozen 意为“被冻结”,had been frozen是过去完成时的被动语态;move forward 意为“前进”.
答案解析:
1.A 根据第一段中的“It was covered in ash.”可知,这座城市被灰烬覆盖.因此,这座城市要先被掘出,才能有下文的发现.所以此处unearthed意为“掘出”.故选A.
2.A 根据画线词上一句及所在句可知,这座城市叫作庞贝,它被建于2800年前.所以推测画线词It指的是庞贝.故选A.
3.B 根据第二段中的“This city was called Pompeii. It was built about 2,800 years ago.”可知,庞贝建于2800年前.故选B.
4.B 根据最后一段中的“It is now open to visitors.”可知,庞贝现在对游客开放,由此推断游客现在可以参观庞贝.故选B.
5.C 本文介绍了古罗马城市庞贝,因此最有可能出现在报纸的文化栏目.故选G.

The Forbidden City
紫禁城
体裁 说明文 难度★★★ 词数 186
The Forbidden City is the largest ancient palace complex(古代宫殿群) in the world. Have you ever been there? Do you know what features(特点)its buildings have?
The main colours of the Forbidden City are red and yellow. The ancient Chinese believed that red meant good luck and happiness. So, they painted most of the walls, doors and windows in the palace red. During the Ming Dynasty, when the palace was built, yellow was the symbol(象征)for the highest power(权利).Only the imperial family could use this colour. If you look down at the palace from the air, you will see many shiny yellow roofs.
On some roofs, there are rows of animal statues(雕像). The number of animals is different according to the importance of the buildings. For example, the most important building in the whole complex is the Hall of Supreme Harmony(太和殿). There're ten different kinds of animals on its roof.
Besides, you can see stone or bronze lions next to the doors of many buildings in the palace. The lions are always in pairs. The ancient Chinese believed that they could help protect the houses.
1.What colour will you see most if you go to the Forbidden City?
A. Yellow and blue.
B. Yellow and orange.
C. Red and white.
D. Red and yellow.
2. What does the underlined word “imperial” mean in Paragraph 2?
A.士兵的
B.有钱的
C.皇帝的
D.贫民的
3.Which palace has the most animals on its roof in the Forbidden City?
A. The Hall of Supreme Harmony.
B. Baohe Palace.
C. The Stone Palace.
D. Fengxian Palace.
4.Why did ancient people put stone or bronze lions next to the doors of their buildings?
A. Because they thought the lions could protect their houses.
B. Because they thought the lions were beautiful.
C. Because they thought the lions could attract people.
D. Because they thought the lions were the kings of the animals.
重点句型及难句分析:
During the Ming Dynasty, when the palace was built, yellow was the symbol for the highest power.句意:明朝建造故宫时,黄色是最高权力的象征.
when引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰 the Ming Dynasty; was built 意为“被建造”,是一般过去时的被动语态.
答案解析:
1.D根据第二段中的“The main colours of the Forbidden City are red and yellow.”可知,紫禁城的颜色以黄色和红色为主,所以如果你来到紫禁城,红色和黄色是你看见最多的颜色.故选D.
2.C 根据画线词上文中的“yellow was the symbol for the highest power”可知,黄色是最高权力的象征,所以推测只有皇帝家庭才能使用这种颜色.因此画线词 imperial 意为“皇帝的”.故选C.
3.A 根据第三段中的“The number of animals is different according to the importance of the buildings. For example, the most important building in the whole complex is the Hall of Supreme Harmony.”可知,动物的数量根据建筑物的重要性而不同,最重要的建筑是太和殿,所以太和殿屋顶上的动物最多.故选A.
4.A 根据最后一段内容可知,古代中国人认为石狮或铜狮能保护他们的房屋.故选A.

Cherry blossoms
樱花
体裁 说明文 难度★★★ 词数185
It is springtime in Japan, the land of the cherry blossoms. Whether you are in the country or in an urban area, you are sure to see cherry trees blooming with delicate pink and white flowers. The Japanese call their beloved cherry trees sakura.
Cherry blossoms are the unofficial(非官方的)national flower of Japan. They bloom once each year in late March and early April. Each spring, cherry blossoms remind(提醒)the Japanese to value life. Just like life, the blossoms must be valued(重视)when they bloom because they only last(持续)for a short time and then are gone.
The Japanese have honoured cherry blossoms for over 1,000 years. Hanami is the Japanese word for“ cherry blossom viewing(观赏)party”. Emperor Saga hosted the first known cherry blossom viewing party in the year 812. People gathered together to write poetry, sing songs, and enjoy special food under the flowering trees.
Today, people still celebrate the cherry blossoms in Japan with hanami. Thousands of people gather in parks and hold parties under the cherry trees. Japanese families celebrate with picnics, and teachers take their students to view the trees.
1.What is hanami according to the passage?
A. A kind of cherry blossom.
B.A kind of tree called sakura.
C. A kind of viewing party.
D. The name of a Japanese city.
2. When was hanami first celebrated?
A. In the year 812.
B. In the year 1000.
C. In the year 1812.
D. In the year 2000.
3. What kind of activities do Japanese people do to celebrate the viewing party?
①Tell stories.
② Sing songs.
③Have picnics.
④ Write poetry.
A.①②③
B.①③④
C.①②④
D.②③④
4. Why do the cherry blossoms remind the Japanese to value life?
A. Because they are very beautiful and hard.
B. Because they only bloom for a short time and then are gone.
C. Because Emperor Saga hosted the first known cherry blossom viewing party.
D. Because people can get together to view the cherry blossoms.
重点句型及难句分析:
Just like life, the blossoms must be valued when they bloom because they only last for a short time and then are gone.句意;就像生命一样,花开的时候一定要珍惜,因为花开的时间很短,然后就会凋零.
when意为“当·····时候”,引导时间状语从句; because 意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句.
答案解析:
1.C 根据第三段中的“Hanami is the Japanese word for 'cherry blossom viewing party',”可知,hanami在日语中是“樱花观赏派对”的意思,所以它是一种观赏派对.故选C.
2.A 根据第三段中的“Emperor Saga hosted the first known cherry blossom viewing party in the year812.”可知,812年首次举办了樱花观赏派对.故选A.
3.D 根据第三段中的“People gathered together to write poetry, sing songs, and enjoy special food under the flowering trees.”可知,人们聚集在树下写诗、唱歌并品尝特殊的食物,②④入选;根据最后一段中的“Japanese families celebrate with picnics...”可知,为了庆祝这个观赏派对,日本人还会去野餐,③入选.①在文中没有提及,排除.故选D.
4.B 根据第二段中的“Just like life, the blossoms must be valued when they bloom because they only last for a short time and then are gone.”可知,就像生命一样,花开的时候一定要珍惜,因为花开的时间很短,然后就会凋零.故选B.

Red bus tour in London
伦敦的红色巴士之旅
体裁 说明文 难度★★★ 词数 219
Riding London's double-decker buses(双层巴士)seems like a dream for some people, while for Londoners, they're simply one of the ways to get around. The bus is red and it has two floors called decks. People can enjoy London's scenery from the upper deck of a double-decker bus. Whether or not you'll get to ride a double-decker bus when taking the London buses depends on your route(路线). If you're in central London, you're likely to be able to take one with ease.
When taking the bus, you will want to sit on the top deck, as it offers the best view(视野).The stairs to the top deck are behind the driver, who sits on the right. You may see a small TV screen behind the stairs. The stairs are easy to climb up. You can see and explore(探索)the city. Remember to stay seated while the bus is moving. Standing on the top deck is a big no-no(大忌).
Many people in London go to work by this kind of bus from Monday to Friday. When foreigners come to London, friendly Londoners always tell them to try taking one. Nowadays, the red double-decker bus is one of the most popular forms of transportation(运输工具)in London. Bus stops are all along the roads in London. People can get on and off easily.
1. What are London's double-decker buses like?
① They are red and have two floors.
② The driver's seat is on the left.
③ The stairs are behind the driver.
④ The TV screen is behind the stairs.
A.①②③
B.①②④
C.②③④
D.①③④
2. A double-decker bus is a good choice when you want to travel________.
A. for free
B. to another city
C. to the countryside
D. in the centre of London
3. Which of the following is the right way to take the double-decker bus?
A. Get off the bus anywhere.
B. Wait for the bus anywhere.
C. Stand upstairs when the bus is moving.
D. Sit on your seat when the bus is moving.
4.From the passage, we know_______.
A. red buses are welcome in London
B. local people seldom travel by red bus
C. the stairs in the red bus are hard to climb up
D. it's better to sit downstairs in the red bus to visit London
重点句型及难旬分析:
Whether or not you'll get to ride a double-decker bus when taking the London buses depends on your route.句意;在乘坐伦敦公交的时候,是否要乘坐双层巴士,这取决于你的路线.
whether or not 意为“是否”,在这里引导主语从句;depend on 意为“取决于”.
答案解析:
1.D 根据第一段中的“The bus is red and it has two floors called decks,”可知,这个巴士是红色的,有两层,①正确;再根据第二段中的“The stairs to the top deck are behind the driver, who sits on the right. You may see a small TV screen behind the stairs.”可知,楼梯在司机后面,司机的座椅在右边,小电视屏幕在楼梯后面,③④正确,②错误.①③④人选.故选D.
2.D 根据第一段中的“If you're in central London, you're likely to be able to take one with ease.”可知,如果想要游览伦敦市中心,乘坐双层巴士是一个很好的选择.故选D.
3.D 根据第二段中的“Remember to stay seated while the bus is moving. Standing on the top deck is a big no-no.”可知,乘坐双层巴士,当车辆行驶时,要坐好.故选D.
4.A 根据第三段中的“Nowadays, the red double-decker bus is one of the most popular forms of transportation in London.”可知,红色双层巴士在伦敦很受欢迎.故选A.

The origin of basketball
篮球的起源
体裁 说明文 难度★★★词数 189
Do you know James Naismith? He invented(发明)the world-famous sport- 1 . Now, let's find out about him.
James was born in 1861 in Canada. When he was little, he enjoyed 2 very much, so in 1883,he went to the McGill University(大学)to learn PE. James was a 3 player and won lots of sports matches at university. After finishing school, he worked as a 4 at the McGill University. There he taught PE for years and then he went to teach in America.
In the 5 of 1891,it was very cold and the students wouldn't like to go out to play sports. The school asked James to think of a sport that students could play indoors. James studied many sports, 6 they were not right. Then James 7 a game that he often played when he was a child. He made some changes to it and named the new sport basketball. James was 8 ! The students tried it and they enjoyed it very much. Soon, the game 9 got welcome all over America. In the next years, basketball entered many other countries and finally 10 an important sport around the world. Do you like playing basketball?
1.A.football
B. basketball
C. tennis
D. baseball
2.A.art
B. music
C. sports
D. history
3.A.foolish
B. strange
C. difficult
D. great
4.A.doctor
B. driver
C. manager
D. teacher
5.A.winter
B. autumn
C. summer
D. spring
6.A.or
B. but
C. so
D. because
7.A.won
B. made
C. finished
D. remembered
8.A.special
B. important
C. dangerous
D. successful
9.A.even
B. only
C. never
D. again
10.A.joined
B. changed
C. became
D. chose
重点句型及难句分析:
The school asked James to think of a sport that students could play indoors.句意:学校要求James 想出一项学生可以在室内进行的运动.
think of意为“想出”;that引导定语从句,修饰a sport.
答案解析:
1.B 根据最后一段中的＂He made some changes to it and named the new sport basketball.”可知,他发明的是闻名世界的篮球运动.football意为“足球”;basketball 意为“篮球”;tennis意为“网球”;baseball意为“棒球”.故选B.
2.C 根据下文中的“learn PE”以及“won lots of sports matches”可知,James喜爱运动.art意为“艺术”;music意为“音乐”;sport意为“运动”;history意为“历史”.故选C.
3.D 根据空格后的“won lots of sports matches”可知,James是一名优秀的运动员.foolish意为“愚蠢的＂;strange 意为“奇怪的”;difficult意为“困难的”;great意为“极好的;优秀的”.故选D.
4.D根据下文中的“he taught PE”可知,James做了老师.doctor 意为“医生”;driver 意为“司机”;manager 意为“经理＂;teacher意为“老师”.故选D
5.A 根据空格后的“i was very cold”可知,此处讲的是1891年的冬天.winter意为“冬天”.故选A.
6.B 空格前说James研究了很多项运动;空格后又说这些运动都不合适.所以空格前后之间是转折关系.or意为“或者”;but意为“但是”;so意为“因此”;because意为“因为”.故选B.
7.D 根据空格后的“．．．he often played when he was a child.”可知,此处讲的是他回想起小时候经常玩的运动.win意为“赢得”;make意为“制造”;finish意为“完成”;remember意为“回想起”.故选D.
8.D 根据下文中的“The students tried it and they enjoyed it very much.”可知,学生们很喜欢这项运动,由此可知James成功了.special 意为“特别的”;important意为“重要的”;dangerous 意为“危险的”;successful 意为“成功的”.故选D.
9.A 根据上文和空格后的“got welcome all over America”可知,起初篮球运动只是在学生中受欢迎,后来甚至在整个美国都受欢迎,强调出乎意料,所以用even. even 意为“甚至”;only意为“仅仅”;never意为“从不”;again 意为“再一次”.故选A
10.C 根据空格前的“basketball entered many other countries”可知,篮球进入了许多其他国家,所以篮球最终成为世界上一项重要的运动.join意为“加入”;change意为“改变”;become意为“成为”;choose意为“选择”.故选C.

Guqin
古琴
体裁 说明文 难度★★★★ 词数92
About two thousand years ago, there lived a Chinese musician named Yu Boya. 1 . One day, a man named Zhong Ziqi listened to Boya's music and told Boya how he saw high mountains and flowing(流动的)water in his music. Boya was so happy because he finally found his true friend in music. 2 .
Guqin has a history of more than 5,000 years. 3 .More and more people want to learn this old instrument. Guqin shows are becoming more popular. 4 .This is a combination(组合)of pop music and traditional art.
5 .I am sure you'll like it.
A. If you have an interest in guqin, go for it
B. That music becomes very popular with many people
C. But do you know why so many people enjoy the music
D. Today, guqin is played by people of all ages and walks of life
E. The musical instrument(乐器)Boya played was called guqin
F. He loved playing music but no one could truly understand his music
G. For example, music groups play pop songs on guqin while dressed in hanfu
1.________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
答案解析:
1.F 空格上文提到,有一个名叫俞伯牙的音乐家;下文提到,他终于找到了能真正懂他音乐的朋友.因此空格处需要起到承上启下的作用,应该讲的是俞伯牙热爱音乐,但是无人能懂他的音乐.F选项符合语境.故选F.
2.E 根据第二段第一句“Guqin has a history of more than 5,000 years.”可知,第一段最后应该是通过伯牙弹奏的乐器引出古琴这一乐器.E选项“伯牙弹奏的乐器被叫作古琴”可以很好地连接上下文,起到承上启下的作用.故选E.
3.B 根据空格前一句的主语“Guqin”和后一句＂More and more people want to learn this old instrument.”可知,空格处讲的是古琴音乐的受欢迎程度.B选项中的“That”指代的是前一句中提到的“Guqin”,所以B选项“古琴音乐受到许多人的欢迎”符合语境.故选B.
4.G 根据空格后的“This is a combination of pop music and traditional art.”可推知,空格处应该是流行音乐和传统音乐结合的一个例子.G选项“例如,乐团穿着汉服用古琴演奏流行歌曲”与其内容相吻合.故选G.
5.A 根据空格后的“I am sure you'll like it.”可知,空格处应该是鼓励人们去学习古琴.A选项符合语境.故选A.

Shanghe Picture of Nucleic Aicd Detection
《核酸检测上河图》
体裁 说明文 难度★★★ 词数 180
Chen Zhijie is a young boy. He 1 (come) from Foshan, Guangdong. He likes drawing very much. One day, he goes for a test. He sees many doctors and nurses there. They work very hard. All of them are tired, 2 they have no time to take a short rest. He also sees lots of people. They do the test and wait 3 (quiet). Chen looks at them and has 4 idea. He wants to draw a picture about them. There is an old picture about Kaifeng(开封)in history. Many people do different things in it. It's one of Chen's favourites. He draws 5 (he) picture in the same way.
It's not easy. It takes him about 5 days 6 (draw) this picture. There are 345 people in it. They are in different 7 (place). Chen puts it on the Internet and shares it 8 more people. He gets many likes.
“The doctors 9 (do) a lot. I want to make people 10 (know) about that. The old picture makes more people know about the new picture,” says Chen.
1.________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6.________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
答案解析:
2. but 3. quietly 4. an 5. his
6. to draw 7. places 8. with 9. do 10.know

津津有味
The Sisters' Meals Festival of China's Miao people
中国苗族姊妹节
The Sisters' Meals Festival is an important festival of China's Miao people. It's a celebration of love and spring. It's the oldest “Valentine's Day” of China.
Miao girls begin to prepare for it a few days before the celebration. They collect fresh wild flowers and leaves from the mountains. They then use them to make natural colourings. After that, they dye some rice blue, pink, 、 yellow and white. These colours stand for spring, summer, autumn and winter.
For the festival, Miao girls put on pretty ethnic costumes. They also wear beautiful silver head and neck rings. In Miao culture, silver stands for light and beauty. Young women can wear several kilograms of it all at once! Looking at all the young women in different costumes is like enjoying a special fashion show. When the young men arrive, a special fun part of the celebration begins. The young women and men ask each other questions by singing them out. They must sing out their answers, too. When a man can't answer a woman's question, he loses. Then he must give a gift to the woman. At the end of the celebration, the woman will give colourful rice to the man as a gift.
开心辞典
celebration n.庆祝
beauty n. 美丽
prepare v.准备
gift n.礼物
wild adj.野生的
Valentine's Day 情人节
colouring n.色彩
stand for 代表
dye v.给······染色
ethnic costume 民族服装