专题08 阅读理解七选五-2021年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（解析版）

这是一份专题08 阅读理解七选五-2021年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（解析版），共40页。试卷主要包含了 【2021·全国甲卷】， B 17， 【2021·全国乙卷】， 【2021·新高考 I 卷】， 【2021·浙江卷】等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2021年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编
专题08 阅读理解七选五
1. 【2021·全国甲卷】
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。
【16题详解】
根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
2. 【2021·全国乙卷】
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
3. 【2021·新高考 I 卷】
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。
【36题详解】
上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。
【38题详解】
上文“... they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。
【39题详解】
第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵’。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。
4. 【2021·浙江卷】
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___12___ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___13___ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___14___ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___15___ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状。Paulo Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立了postcrossing.com。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交流。
【11题详解】
上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“... and you realize that not everyone is into it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G项。
【12题详解】
上文““I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样。”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，因此他也很坦然接受这个事实，因此选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境。故选A项。
【13题详解】
上文“Today his hobby has evolved into the website Postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了Postcrossing.com这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况，因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张”是在介绍该网站相关的数据。故选E项。
【14题详解】
上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.(收到一张用中文写明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论句的语义要求，故选F项。
【15题详解】
上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文“... who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B “这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难 ”符合语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高，因为渠道较少。故选B项。
5. 【2021·浙江卷（1月）】
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 11．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 12．Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:13．So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14．This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15．It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【答案】
11．A
12．G
13．D
14．F
15．B
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
11．
下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12．
上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13．
根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14．
根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。
15．
结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
二、2021届模拟题
一、（辽宁省“决胜新高考�名校交流“2021届高三3月联考）
Personal development doesn't just happen. 16． Self-development requires hard work, devotion and an ever-growing skill. So，what new skills do you need to power forward?
On your journey toward your best self, you need to set goals. The key is balance : If your goals are too high, you'll get discouraged when you fall short. 17． The better approach is to think in milestones. If you want to be a novelist, don't set a goal to finish a book in a week. Focus on getting a couple of pages done each day, or on writing a chapter each week. This measurable progress is more sustainable and fulfilling.
18． To keep going when times are tough, you have to learn how to manage your stress levels. If light walks help you keep your head on straight, schedule one for your lunch period every day. If you need to take Sundays off to recharge for the next week, it's more than acceptable to do so.
Organization is a skill that comes more naturally to some people than others. If you're a naturally messy person, start small. Otherwise, you'll be at a loss. 19． Clean up your bedroom or your car. If physical cleaning is stressful, start by cutting out files from your computer. Believe it or not, one clean space can set the tone for the rest of your life.
On the road of personal development, you'll run into some barriers. Nobody but you can remove these from your path. 20． Perhaps anxiety is keeping you from doing your best work. Instead of struggling through it, quietly take a mental health day.
A．Personal growth needs stress management.
B．Focus on the places where you spend the most time.
C．You can't expect to wake up the next day with new skills.
D．Don't let personal challenges stand in the way of your growth.
E.That's why problem solving is a vital skill for self-development.
F.You absolutely don't need to disclose why you're taking a sick day.
G.Start too small, and you'll become satisfied with your progress too early.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人发展所需要具备的技能。
16．【答案】C
【分析】根据上文“Personal development doesn't just happen.（个人发展不是凭空发生的。）”和下文“Self-development requires hard work, devotion and an ever-growing skill.（自我发展需要努力工作、奉献精神和不断增长的技能。）”可知，空处对上文进行解释说明，不能指望一觉醒来就有了新技能。C项：You can't expect to wake up the next day with new skills.（你不能指望第二天醒来就能学到新技能。）符合语境。故选C。
17．【答案】G
【分析】根据上文“The key is balance : If your goals are too high, you'll get discouraged when you fall short.（关键是平衡：如果你的目标太高，当你没有达到目标时，你会感到沮丧。）可知，空处说明为了保持平衡，设置的目标也不能太小。G项：Start too small, and you'll become satisfied with your progress too early.（起步太小，你会太早对自己的进步感到满意。）符合语境。故选G。
18．【答案】A
【分析】空处为段落主题句。根据下文“To keep going when times are tough, you have to learn how to manage your stress levels.（为了在困难时期继续前进，你必须学会如何管理你的压力水平。）”可知，本段主要讲述的是要管理好压力。A项：Personal growth needs stress management.（个人成长需要压力管理。）符合语境。故选A。
19．【答案】B
【分析】根据下文“Clean up your bedroom or your car.（打扫你的卧室或你的车。）”和“Believe it or not, one clean space can set the tone for the rest of your life.（信不信由你，一个干净的空间可以为你的余生定下基调。）”可知，空处说明要关注自己经常活动的空间。B项：Focus on the places where you spend the most time.（把注意力集中在你花最多时间的地方。）符合语境。故选B。
20．【答案】E
【分析】根据上文“On the road of personal development, you'll run into some barriers. Nobody but you can remove these from your path.（在个人发展的道路上，你会遇到一些障碍。除了你，没有人能把这些从你的道路上移除。）”可知，空处总结人生道路上会遇到的障碍是需要解决问题的原因。E项：That's why problem solving is a vital skill for self-development.（这就是为什么解决问题对于自我发展是一项至关重要的技能。）符合语境。故选E。
二、（江西省宜春市2021届高三4月模拟考试）
Self-confidence is connected with almost every aspect of a happy and fulfilling life. 16．
If you have been lacking in confidence, you’re probably familiar with over thinking 17． But by being confident, you will be able to break the cycle of over-thinking,
18． If you have ever learned a language, mastered a skill, reached a fitness goal, or otherwise overcome setbacks to get to where you wanted to be, you’re well on your way.
You might be thinking, “Well, sure, I was proud of my ‘A’ in Calculus back in high school, but what does that have to do with anything now?” Looking back on your life, you’ll possibly find that every accomplishment takes efforts. 19．
As your confidence grows, you’ll find yourself more driven to improve your abilities. 20． But with self-assurance, those thoughts will no longer be paralyzing (令人麻痹的). Instead, you’ll be able to smile and act anyway, feeling energized by your progress in achieving goals which mean something to you.
A．“What-if” thoughts will still arise: “What if I fail?”
B．The more confident you are, the more faith you will have in yourself.
C．It is related to anxiety and worry, which can make us cut off from the world.
D．Building self-confidence requires you to keep a positive attitude towards your life.
E. Building confidence means taking small steps that leave a lasting sense of accomplishment.
F. A person with self-confidence generally likes themselves and thinks positively about the future.
G.. If you could overcome difficulties then, you can do it in other areas of your life where you feel self- doubt.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自信的重要性以及如何建立自信的几点建议。
16．【答案】B
【分析】根据前一句话“Self-confidence is connected with almost every aspect of a happy and fulfilling life. （自信几乎和幸福充实生活的方方面面相联系。）”是在强调自信的重要性。选项中只有B项“The more confident you are, the more faith you will have in yourself. （你越自信，越对自己有信心。）” 是在强调自信的重要性，选项中的confident遇上文的Self-confidence一致，故选B。
17．【答案】C
【分析】考察上下文衔接根据后面转折连词But可知此处与“But by being confident, you will be able to break the cycle of over-thinking（自信，你就能够打破多虑的怪圈）”是转折关系。这一段在讲缺乏自信的表现，即多虑。C选项“It is related to anxiety and worry, which can make us cut off from the world. （多虑和焦虑忧愁相联系，可使得我们切断和世界的联系。）”中it指代over-thinking，和上文衔接。故选C。
18．【答案】E
【分析】本段在讲如何增强自信。根据下文“If you have ever learned a language, mastered a skill, reached a fitness goal, or otherwise overcome setbacks to get to where you wanted to be, you’re well on your way.（如果你曾经学习过一门语言，掌握过一项技能，达到过一个健身目标，或者克服了挫折，达到了你想要的目标，那么你就上道了。）” 可知，这些小的事情可以让你“上道”，获得一种成就感。而E项“Building confidence means taking small steps that leave a lasting sense of accomplishment. （增强自信意味着从迈小步子开始，以此获得持久的成就感。）”与本段主体一致，故选E。
19．【答案】G
【分析】根据上文“Looking back on your life, you’ll possibly find that every accomplishment takes efforts.”（回首往事，你可能会发现取得每项成就都需要努力）提到了effort努力，而克服困难去做事情就是一种努力的表现。G项“If you could overcome difficulties then, you can do it in other areas of your life where you feel self- doubt.（如果你能克服困难，你就可以在你感到自我怀疑的其他领域成功。）”在强调努力（克服困难）与成功的关系，故选G。
20．【答案】A
【分析】根据后文转折词But可知，此处与“But with self-assurance, those thoughts will no longer be paralyzing (有了自信这些想法就不再麻痹了。)”是转折关系，those thoughts表明此处应该会提到不自信的想法。只有A选项 “What-if” thoughts will still arise: “What if I fail?” （“如果”的想法仍然会出现：“如果我失败了怎么办？”）指明了自我怀疑想法的具体内容。故选A。
三、（山东省枣庄市2021届高三模拟考试4月）
Every time you're online. you are bombarded by pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their stories.16．Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement at their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don't get fooled!
Check the source. 17．Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don't have many real newspapers, but don't have many real stories about other topics. If you aren't sure, click on the “About” page and look for a clear description of the organization.
18．Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn't fake, as many big news organizations try to check their sources before they publish a story.
There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. 19．If the news story makes you angry, it's probably designed to make you angry.
If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: 20．
A．Don't share it.
B．Read about it in print media.
C．Check the story in other places.
D．Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true.
E. Also, think about how the story makes you feel.
F. Look at the website where the story comes from.
G. However, the rash of fake news is a relatively new problem.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了网上的一些新闻并不全是真的，文章介绍了一个如何分辨真假新闻的方法。
16．【答案】D
【分析】上文“Every time you're online. you are bombarded by pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their stories.” 每次你上网的时候。你会被试图讲述他们故事的图片、文章、链接和视频狂轰滥炸。D项中的“these stories”与上文一致。说明不幸的是，并非所有这些故事都是真实的。故选D项。
17．【答案】F
【分析】上文“check the source”检查源头。F项中的“Look at the website where the story comes from.”看看网站这个故事来自于哪里，和上文中的“check the source”一致。故选F项。
18．【答案】C
【分析】根据下文“Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. ”看看你正在阅读的故事是否出自其他你了解和信任的新闻网站。C项中的“in other places”和后文的“on other news sites”相对应；及C项中“check”和后文“look to see”相对应。故选C项。
19．【答案】E
【分析】根据后句“If the news story makes you angry, it's probably designed to make you angry.” 如果新闻故事让你生气，那它可能就是故意让你生气的。和E选项中的“Also, think about how the story makes you feel.”同时，想想这个故事带给你的感受。和后文当中的“If the news story makes you angry”如果新闻故事让你生气）的感受相对应。故选E项。
20．【答案】A
【分析】根据上句“If you find a news story that you know is fake”如果你发现个你知道的新闻的故事是假的。可知这样的新闻是不能传播的。对应后句当中的“Don’t share it” 不要分享它。故选A项。
四、（河北省保定市2021届高三下学期第一次模拟考试）
You probably think of aggression in its most violent form i.e. shouting matches and fights. Actually, there are varying levels of aggression. There are times when you start to display aggression, but you are not aware of it yourself.16．
●They believe their opinion is fact
For effective communication to take place it is important to be able to distinguish between opinion and fact.17．But aggressive people take it one step further. They act as if their opinion is fact, which is telling others that their opinions are irrelevant(不相关的).
●It's all about how it affects them
When something goes wrong, or when considering potential consequences, aggressive people only consider how it influences them. The impact on others is irrelevant to them. 18．I once knew a girl who, every time she had a quarrel with her boyfriend, used to wake her entire family up so she could tell them how she had been unjustly treated.
●Rapid speech
19．They are determined to get their point across and have no desire to let the other person offer their input. They want total control of the conversation and are determined that the other person will hear what they have to say.
●Aggressive talking; defensive listening
This refers to the body language that they adopt when they are being aggressive.20．They may point, spread feet apart with hands on the waist, etc. However, when the other person is speaking they will adopt a more defensive gesture e.g. crossing their arms.
Being familiar with these signs will help you to recognize the aggression quickly, and you will then be able to manage the situation more appropriately.
A．When talking they will likely lean forward.
B．The following are some common signs of aggression.
C．Aggressive people speak fast with little or no pauses.
D．These people are not giving you the opportunity to decline.
E. Offering a suggestion or thoughts on something that has happened is fine.
F. Aggressive people rarely attempt to find workable solutions to problems in life.
G. If something has negative consequences for them, everybody else is expected to suffer the consequences too.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些常见的有侵略性的迹象，熟悉这些迹象有助于你快速识别侵略，并能够更适当地管理情况。
16．【答案】B
【分析】根据上文“There are times when you start to display aggression, but you are not aware of it yourself. (有些时候你开始表现出侵略性，但你自己却没有意识到。)”结合下文提到的几种侵略性行为可知，此处内容与有侵略性表现的迹象有关，选项B“The following are some common signs of aggression. (以下是一些常见的侵略性迹象。)”符合题意。故选B。
17．【答案】E
【分析】根据上文“For effective communication to take place it is important to be able to distinguish between opinion and fact.”（对于有效交流的发生来说，能够区分建议和事实是重要的）和下文“But aggressive people take it one step further. They act as if their opinion is fact, which is telling others that their opinions are irrelevant(不相关的). (但有侵略性的人会更进一步。他们表现得好像他们的观点就是事实，这是在告诉别人他们的观点是无关紧要的。)”可知，此处与下文形成转折关系，内容与提建议是好的有关，选项E“Offering a suggestion or thoughts on something that has happened is fine. (对已经发生的事情提出建议或想法是好的。)”符合题意。故选E。
18．【答案】G
【分析】根据上文“The impact on others is irrelevant to them. (对他人的影响与他们无关。)”和下文“I once knew a girl who, every time she had a quarrel with her boyfriend, used to wake her entire family up so she could tell them how she had been unjustly treated. (我曾经认识一个女孩，每次她和男朋友吵架的时候，她都会叫醒她的家人，告诉他们她受到了不公平的对待。)”可知，此处内容与有侵略性的人也会影响其他人，不考虑别人的感受有关，选项G“If something has negative consequences for them, everybody else is expected to suffer the consequences too. (如果某件事对他们产生了负面影响，其他人也会受到影响。)”符合题意。故选G。
19．【答案】C
【分析】设空处为本段主旨句；根据下文“They are determined to get their point across and have no desire to let the other person offer their input. (他们决心让对方明白自己的观点，不想让对方说出自己的观点。)”可知，本段内容与有侵略性的人说话的速度和方式有关，选项C“Aggressive people speak fast with little or no pauses. (有侵略性的人说话很快，很少或没有停顿。)”符合题意。故选C。
20．【答案】A
【分析】根据上文“This refers to the body language that they adopt when they are being aggressive.”（这指的是当他们具有侵略性时会采用的肢体语言）和下文“They may point, spread feet apart with hands on the waist, etc. (他们可以指指点点，双脚分开，双手放在腰部等。)”可知，此处内容与有侵略性的人所使用的肢体语言有关，选项A“When talking they will likely lean forward. (交谈时，他们可能会向前倾。)”符合题意。故选A。
五、（2021·内蒙古包头市·高三二模）
As is known to all, sleep is very important to humans. But it’s important to animals, too. At night you hardly hear a bird.16．Have you ever wondered how birds sleep?
17．Birds often sleep with one eye open. Only half their brain rests at once and the other half of the brain is able to sense danger if needed. While the exact way birds control their sleep patterns has not been well studied, it has been shown that the more protected a bird feels when sleeping, the more likely it is to sleep deeper.
Sleeping together in large numbers is another way many birds use. By sleeping together, there are more birds to notice predators(捕食者).18．In winter, many birds roost together in limited spaces to share body heat and survive lower night-time temperatures.
When birds sleep, they protect vulnerable(易受伤害的) body parts by burying themselves in their feathers.19．By tucking(收拢) feet or the bill into the feathers, less body heat is lost. When a bird’s bill is buried deeply in its feathers, it is also able to breathe air warmed by its own body heat.
There is little data available about how long birds sleep once. 20．Some birds are not able to involve in other activities without enough light, and sleeping is the next natural item on their to-do lists.
A．A bird’s feathers help it keep warm.
B．Birds are rarely seen sleeping.
C．That’s because they’re sleeping at night, too.
D．It gives each bird a greater chance of survival.
E. A bird may be sleepy in the daytime for lack of sleep.
F. So the length of birds sleep per night is still unknown.
G. Unlike humans, birds can more carefully control their sleep.
16．C17．G18．D19．A20．F
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了鸟是如何睡觉的。
16．
根据空格前一句“At night you hardly hear a bird (晚上几乎听不到鸟叫声)”可知，此处提及鸟在晚上几乎不叫。由此推知，空格处应该解释鸟为什么在晚上不叫。那么C项That’s because they’re sleeping at night, too.(那是因为它们晚上也睡觉)解释其原因。故选C。
17．
根据下文“Birds often sleep with one eye open. Only half their brain rests at once and the other half of the brain is able to sense danger if needed.(鸟儿睡觉时常常睁一只眼。他们只有一半的大脑同时休息，另一半的大脑能够在需要的时候感知危险)”可知，本段主要介绍鸟类在睡觉时十分小心。那么G项Unlike humans, birds can more carefully control their sleep(与人类不同，鸟类可以更小心地控制自己的睡眠)引出本段。故选G。
18．
根据空格前一句“By sleeping together, there are more birds to notice predators(通过睡在一起，有更多的鸟注意到捕食者)”可知，此处介绍了鸟类在一起睡觉可以注视到捕食者，所以空格应该讲述这样做会带来的好处。那么D项It gives each bird a greater chance of survival(这给了每只鸟更大的生存机会)承接上文。故选D。
19．
根据空格前一句“When birds sleep, they protect vulnerable body parts by burying themselves in their feathers.( 当鸟类睡觉时，它们用羽毛保护脆弱的身体部位)”可知，鸟类的羽毛可以保护其脆弱的部分。再结合空格后一句“By tucking feet or the bill into the feathers, less body heat is lost.(通过把脚或嘴塞进羽毛里，减少了身体热量的流失)”可知，空格处应该介绍羽毛的作用。那么A项A bird’s feathers help it keep warm.(鸟的羽毛帮助它保暖)介绍了其作用。故选A。
20．
根据空格前一句“There is little data available about how long birds sleep once.(关于鸟类一次睡眠时间的数据很少)”可知，关于鸟类睡眠时间的记录很少。由此推知，空格处应该说明鸟类的睡眠的时间依然是个谜。那么F项So the length of birds sleep per night is still unknown.( 因此，鸟类每晚睡眠的长度仍然是未知的)承接上文。故选F。
六、（2021·江西萍乡市·高三二模）
How To Recover From Overeating
Near everyone has over indulged（放纵）in good food at least once and has experienced the resulting abdominal discomfort. 16． They can impair your ability to focus on your work and other everyday tasks. Unfortunately putting life on hold because you're paying the price for your indulgences isn't an option. There are several ways you can relieve the symptoms and recover from overeating.
17．
While you might want to save yourself for your big lunch , it's wiser to have a light healthy breakfast so you're not tempted to eat more than you should when the big meal arrives.
Start with water
Instead of tucking into a heavy starter, down a tall glass of water. 18．
Listen to your stomach
Frequently asking yourself “Am I full?” can sometimes immediately put thing into perspective. Often times，we mindlessly eat without paying attention to what our bods is trying to tell us. 19． But they ignore the messages their bodies are sending.
Slow down
20． Slowing down and taking time to focus on the food itself however. （how it tastes, temperature, etc）can sometimes help calm the desire to overeat. This type of mindful eating has become a well-known technique for easing overconsumption, suggested by phystcians. celebrities and chefs alike.
So next time you find yourself feeling a little overstuffed, keep these points in mind so that it doesn't become a bigger problem.
A．Don't starve yourself.
B．Pig out your breakfast.
C．Overeating involves consuming food very quickly.
D．This will help you feel full and stop you overeating.
E. It will cause pain, gas, indigestion and other symptoms.
F. Lay off the food for a while, but go ahead and drink water.
G. Overeaters typically keep consuming long after their stomachs are full.
16．E17．A18．D19．G20．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是几乎每个人都有过至少一次过度享受美食的经历，并经历过由此导致的腹部不适。它会引起疼痛、胀气、消化不良和其他症状。它们会削弱你专注于工作和其他日常任务的能力。本文提出了几种方法可以缓解这些症状。
16．根据上一句“Near everyone has over indulged（放纵）in good food at least once and has experienced the resulting abdominal discomfort. (几乎每个人都有过至少一次过度享受美食的经历，并经历过由此导致的腹部不适。)”和下一句“They can impair your ability to focus on your work and other everyday tasks.(它们会削弱你专注于工作和其他日常任务的能力。)”可知此处应描述腹部不适的症状，因此E项“它会引起疼痛、胀气、消化不良和其他症状。”符合文意，承上启下，故选E项。
17．本空位于小标题的位置，结合其他小标题特点可知，应是动词原形开头的祈使句式，结合本段内容“While you might want to save yourself for your big lunch , it's wiser to have a light healthy breakfast so you're not tempted to eat more than you should when the big meal arrives.(虽然你可能想把自己留到丰盛的午餐，但明智的做法是吃一顿清淡健康的早餐，这样当丰盛的一餐到来时，你就不会吃得太多。)”可知本段的主旨是：不用刻意让自己很饿去等待一些大餐。这样才能让自己不会吃得过多，因此A项“Don't starve yourself.(别让自己挨饿)”符合本段主旨，适合作为本段的小标题，故选A项。
18．根据本段小标题“Start with water.(以水开始)”以及前一句“Instead of tucking into a heavy starter, down a tall glass of water.(与其大吃一顿开胃菜，不如喝一大杯水。)”可知本段建议在饭前喝水会对你少吃有帮助，D项“这会让你有饱腹感，避免暴饮暴食。”符合文意，故选D项。
19．根据上一句“Often times，we mindlessly eat without paying attention to what our bods is trying to tell us.(很多时候，我们无意识地吃东西，没有注意到我们的身体想告诉我们什么。)”和下一句“But they ignore the messages their bodies are sending.(但是他们忽略了身体发出的信息。)”可知有时候暴饮暴食是因为我们没有意识到身体发出的信息，所以G项“暴饮暴食者通常在他们的胃吃饱后很长一段时间还在吃。”符合文意，承上启下，故选G项。
20．根据本段小标题“Slow down(慢下来)”及下文“Slowing down and taking time to focus on the food itself however. （how it tastes，temperature, etc）can sometimes help calm the desire to overeat. This type of mindful eating has become a well-known technique for easing overconsumption, suggested by phystcians. celebrities and chefs alike.(慢下来，花时间关注食物本身。(它的味道，温度等)有时可以帮助平息暴饮暴食的欲望。医生建议，这种正念饮食法已经成为一种众所周知的缓解过度饮食的方法。名人和厨师都一样。)”可知本段介绍的方法是饮食时要慢下来，不要太快进食，因此C项“暴饮暴食是指吃东西很快。”适合放在本段句首引出本段内容，故选C项。
七、（2021·吉林松原市实验高级中学高三一模）
Natural therapy (疗法)
The great outdoors: it's the place to head for when you're in need of peace and quiet, open spaces, beautiful scenery and exercise. Whether a huge mountain range or a local country park, these natural areas are perfect places to refresh us when we live a stressful life. 16．
As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, specialist therapy sessions are held to help people who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress. 17．However, it's believed that the setting alone can improve their mood. Art psychotherapist Pamela Stanley who led the sessions told reporters that there was a "growing body of evidence" to support eco-therapy.
It is true that for most of us, connecting with the natural world definitely lifts our spirits. But the mental health charity Mind says eco-therapy has been recognized as a formal type of treatment that can sometimes be recommended to someone by a doctor. It doesn't involve medicine. 18． This natural treatment can take on many forms, including doing yoga in a forest, gardening or even hugging a tree.
There is evidence that there are many benefits with this "green" therapy. 19． It's what Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls "psychological restoration". She told the All in the Mind programme that nature-based therapies should be part of care for patients.
20．However, it is an option for therapists to use. And as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it's good to know that help might lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand.
A．Of course, eco-therapy won't cure everything.
B．Outdoor art-related activities are held for the participants.
C．Instead, it just develops a person's relationship with nature.
D．Here you can learn from other patients how to deal with stress.
E. These include improving social contact, social and work skills.
F. In nature you can do many things, including reading papers and watching TV.
G. Their calming and relieving power is being used more and more to treat mental health problems.
16．G17．B18．C19．E20．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然疗法。
16．
根据上文“Whether a huge mountain range or a local country park, these natural areas are perfect places to refresh us when we live a stressful life.(无论是巨大的山脉还是当地的国家公园，这些自然区域都是让我们在紧张的生活中恢复精神的完美地方)”可知，户外的自然环境给人带来精神上的宁静与安慰，结合下文举的例子可知，自然环境这种使人放松的作用被用于精神健康领域，G项承上启下，符合语境。G项Their calming and relieving power is being used more and more to treat mental health problems.(它们的镇定和缓解力量正越来越多地用于治疗心理健康问题)中的Their calming and relieving power分别与上文中的these natural areas和refresh us呼应。故选G。
17．
根据标题“Natural therapy (疗法)(自然疗法)”可知，本文的主题是自然环境的治愈作用。根据上文“As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, specialist therapy sessions are held to help people who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress.(举个例子，在英国斯诺登尼亚国家公园的山脚下，专门的治疗课程被用来帮助那些遭受抑郁、焦虑和压力的人们)”可知，此处举了一个用自然生态来帮助改善精神健康的例子，再结合主导这些课程的人是Art psychotherapist可知，B项Outdoor art-related activities are held for the participants.(为参加者举办户外艺术活动)符合语境，且与后一句形成转折关系。故选B。
18．
根据上文“But the mental health charity Mind says eco-therapy has been recognized as a formal type of treatment that can sometimes be recommended to someone by a doctor. It doesn't involve medicine. (但心理健康慈善机构Mind表示，生态疗法已经被认为是一种正式的治疗方式，有时医生会向患者推荐这种疗法。不涉及医药)”可知，自然生态疗法已经被承认是一种正式的疗法，这种疗法不包括吃药，C项Instead, it just develops a person's relationship with nature.(相反，它只是发展了一个人与自然的关系)能很好地连接上下文，其中的Instead引出相反内容，且空后提到这种疗法形式多样，包括森林瑜伽、园艺甚至拥抱一棵树，这些治疗方式让人亲近自然。故选C。
19．
根据上文“There is evidence that there are many benefits with this "green" therapy.(有证据表明这种“绿色”疗法有很多好处)”可知，自然生态疗法有多种好处，E项These include improving social contact, social and work skills.(这些包括改善社会联系，社会和工作技能)列举了其中的一些好处，符合语境。故选E。
20．
根据下文“However, it is an option for therapists to use.(然而，它是治疗师使用的一种选择)”可知，此处存在转折关系，结合选项来看，A项Of course, eco-therapy won't cure everything.(当然，生态疗法不能治愈一切)与下文在意思上形成转折。故选A。
八、（2021·四川达州市·高三二模）
Parties to celebrate special events, achievements, and holidays are the perfect time for hosts to exercise their roles. 16． But for some people, invitations to events that center around food lead to fear and anxiety.
17． And many sweet treats and salty snacks attract us because of the chemical additives and mixtures that perfect the material and taste of foods. Still, most party foods include large amounts of unhealthy fats. Fat itself should be part of a healthy diet. But the highly processed types of them can break down our health.
By now, you are probably wondering what healthy food choices should be offered at our get-togethers. 18． Vegetable salads can also be a relief to those seeking healthier choices, but it is best to leave off the dressing and provide a variety of dressing choices, including plain olive oil and Italy vinegar.
The nature of the party can often determine the cuisine, but nearly any common party dish can be recreated with healthier ingredients (食材). It's best to use whole grains when possible. 19．
And finally, be sure to let your health-conscious guests know that there are some food choices by reminding them on the invitation. 20． If you make a homemade treat or dish, supplying a note card with the ingredients is appreciated by those attempting to avoid specific ingredients.
At your next party, try this recipe for healthier, black bean brownies. Not only are these allergy-friendly, but they offer a lot of health benefits for everyone.
A．All children like cookies, cakes and ice cream.
B．Generally, food and fellowship is a perfect marriage.
C．Most traditional party foods contain large amounts of sugar.
D．This may make the difference between an acceptance or a refusal.
E. Rather than party candy, offer small bowls of dry-roasted or raw nuts.
F. Use coconut oil in place of butter, or honey instead of sugar to sweeten treats.
G. Usually fresh vegetables and fruit can ensure everyone to participate comfortably.
16．B17．C18．G19．F20．D
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章说明了大多数传统聚会的食品含有大量的添加剂和混合物，这会破坏我们的健康，然而我们可以通过使用更健康的食材来制作佳肴，并且附上食材笔记卡，以方便客人做出选择。
16．
B项“Generally, food and fellowship is a perfect marriage.(一般来说，食物和友谊是完美的结合)”说明了一般情况下，食物促进友谊的积极联系。下文“But for some people, invitations to events that center around food lead to fear and anxiety.(但对一些人来说，邀请参加以食物为中心的活动会导致恐惧和焦虑)”说明了一些人参加以食物为中心的派对受到的消极影响，是对B选项的否定转折。B项起到引起下文的作用。故选B项。
17．
C项“Most traditional party foods contain large amounts of sugar.(大多数传统的聚会食品都含有大量的糖)”说明聚会食品都添加有大量的糖。下文“And many sweet treats and salty snacks attract us because of the chemical additives and mixtures that perfect the material and taste of foods.(许多甜食和咸味小吃吸引我们是因为化学添加剂和混合物使食物的材料和味道完美)”说明了，许多甜食和咸味食品吸引我们是因为添加了一些化学添加剂。下文对C项起到解释说明作用，C项起到引起下文作用。故选C项。
18．
G项“Usually fresh vegetables and fruit can ensure everyone to participate comfortably.(通常新鲜的蔬菜和水果可以确保每个人舒适地参加活动)”说明了蔬菜和水果适合大众口味。下文“Vegetable salads can also be a relief to those seeking healthier choices, but it is best to leave off the dressing and provide a variety of dressing choices, including plain olive oil and Italy vinegar.(对于那些寻求更健康选择的人来说，蔬菜沙拉也可以是一种解脱，但最好不要使用调料，提供多种调料选择，包括纯橄榄油和意大利醋)”说明了追求健康的人可以选择蔬菜沙拉，呼应G选项。G项中的“vegetables”与该句中的“Vegetable salads”相呼应。故选G项。
19．
上文“The nature of the party can often determine the cuisine, but nearly any common party dish can be recreated with healthier ingredients. It's best to use whole grains when possible.(宴会的性质通常可以决定菜肴，但几乎所有常见的宴会菜肴都可以用更健康的食材来再现。如果可能的话，最好使用全谷物) ”说明了可以用更健康的食材来制作常见的菜肴，并且提出了使用全谷物的建议。F项“Use coconut oil in place of butter, or honey instead of sugar to sweeten treats.(用椰子油代替黄油，或者用蜂蜜代替糖来制作甜食)”建议我们使用更健康的材料制作食品，呼应上文。故选F项。
20．
上文“And finally, be sure to let your health-conscious guests know that there are some food choices by reminding them on the invitation. (最后，一定要在邀请函上提醒注重健康的客人，让他们知道有一些食物选择)”说明了，客人可以通过邀请函上的食物选择清单做出吃不吃这道菜的决定。D项“This may make the difference between an acceptance or a refusal.(这可能是接受或拒绝的区别)”说明了邀请函上的食物选择提示的作用，可供客人做出选择。D项起到补充说明上文作用。故选D项。
九、（2021·西宁市教育科学研究院高三一模）
Do you have pressure? Exam pressure, deadlines, job interviews and presentations can all make you feel nervous. Well, neuroscience（神经系统科学）can give you some help. 16．
First, a breathing exercise.
Take a deep belly-breath through your nose for five seconds, hold it for a second, and then push all the air out through your nose, slowly, counting to five. Repeat a few times and you'll feel calmer. Under stress we tend to breathe very quickly as our body prepares for danger, which is useful if you need to run away, but not if you're about to speak in public. Breathe deeply and slowly.17． So the next time you feel panic rising, use deep breathing through your nose to force your body into a state of calm.
18．
A single note, your favourite tune, literally anything will do. Why? Studies have shown that humming（哼唱）can stimulate one of the most important parts of the body — the vagus nerve（迷走神经）. So the next time you feel your heart racing, sing a song or just hum a note and let your own vagus nerve restore calm.
The final tip is to focus.
When you're busy, it’s highly attractive to multi-tasks. But if you want to stay calm and actually get stuff done, don't have a try. 19． When you do two things at once, it has to switch between them very rapidly and gets overstimulated, and floods your body with stress hormones. 20．
So next time you feel panic rising, stop and remember to breathe, hum and focus.
A．Then get ready for humming.
B．Now listen to your favorite songs.
C．Scans show your brain can only do one thing at a time.
D．Here are three easy and reliable techniques you can use.
E.Remind yourself that there's no "right” answer to these questions.
F.By doing one thing at a time, you can quickly go from feeling stressed to clam.
G.You can change the message your brain's receiving from “danger" to "all is well".
16．D17．G18．A19．C20．F
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章关于如何缓解紧张和压力的情绪提出了几条建议。
16．
上一句提到“neuroscience can give you some help.（神经系统科学可以给你一些帮助。）”D项“Here are three easy and reliable techniques you can use.（下面是三个你可以使用的简单可靠的技巧。）”与上一句“give you some help”相呼应；下文的三段提到了三个技巧，D项是承上启下。故选D项。
17．
空前一句提到“Breathe deeply and slowly.（深沉、缓慢地呼吸）”；空后一句提到“So the next time you feel panic rising, use deep breathing through your nose to force your body into a state of calm.（所以下次你感到惊慌的时候，用鼻子深呼吸，迫使你的身体进入平静的状态。）”，G项“You can change the message your brain's receiving from “danger" to "all is well".（你可以把你大脑接收到的信息从“危险”改为“一切都好”。）”是说明当你紧张时要缓慢深呼吸的原因，空后一句是说明结果。其中so表示因果关系。故选G项。
18．
设空处位于段首，根据文章结构可知，该处为本段的标题，也是主题句；文章第二段的小标题中提到“First”，第四段小标题中提到“The final tip”，A项中“Then”与第二段、第四段小标题中的“First”“final”表示顺序关系；该段下文中提到“humming can stimulate one of the most important parts of the body（哼唱可以刺激身体的最重要的一个部分）”“sing a song or just hum a note（唱首歌或仅仅哼唱曲子）”说明哼唱在缓解压力时的作用。因此A项“Then get ready for humming.（然后准备好哼唱）”可以作为该段的小标题。故选A项。
19．
该段小标题“The final tip is to focus”，该段提出的建议是要集中注意力； C项中“… your brain can only do one thing at a time.( 你的大脑一次只能做一件事)”与该段小标题中的“focus”相符。故选C项。
20．
空前一句提到“When you do two things at once, it has to switch between them very rapidly and gets overstimulated, and floods your body with stress hormones.（当你同时做两件事的时候，你的身体就会迅速地在两件事之间切换，从而受到过度刺激，让你的身体充满压力荷尔蒙）”，说明大脑同时做两件事会让你压力增加；F项“By doing one thing at a time, you can quickly go from feeling stressed to clam.（一次只做一件事，你很快就能从紧张状态恢复平静）”是进一步强调一次做一件事情的好处，紧扣该段主题“focus（集中注意力）”。故选F项。
十、（2021·江西南昌市·高三二模）
The recent pandemic（疫情）has affected all aspects of life, including the way we live. Our homes are no longer single-purpose spaces. 16． No wonder many architects have predicted how apartment design may advance in the years ahead.
•17． Entrance isn't necessarily a separate room. In smaller units, it might be created by a single wall that blocks views through the unit and creates a sense of enclosure （封闭）.But it needs to be accompanied by a front-hall closet.
• More Flexible Spaces will become a trend. When thoughtfully designed, the dining rooms can quickly change from dining mode to working mode. 18． For example, a windowless alcove （壁凹） can be closed off with sliding glass doors. It can be a space where you can set up a home office, a library, or a learning space for children.
• Access to the outdoors will be welcome. After spending so much time indoors, having access to fresh air and nature at home is likely to become essential. One way to provide a closer connection to nature may be with larger courtyard gardens. Or it could be accomplished with more balconies. 19．
• Advanced technology will be adopted. A growing awareness of how people pick up viruses from the surfaces they touch will lead to more widespread adoption of smart-home technology. " Maybe it's going to become a new standard. 20． Or your door will unlock itself when you come home," an engineer said.
A．Public Spaces are needed.
B．A better entrance will catch on.
C．Homes could easily be like that.
D．You'll be able to talk to the elevator.
E.After all, fresh air is important for wellness.
F.Moreover, room sizes could also change to create more flexibility.
G.Instead they now serve as offices, gyms, workshops, classrooms, etc.
16．G17．B18．F19．E20．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了疫情影响下家的用途的变化以及未来可能的公寓设计方向。
16．
根据前句“Our homes are no longer single-purpose spaces.(我们的家不再是单一用途的空间。)”和后句“No wonder many architects have predicted how apartment design may advance in the years ahead.(难怪许多建筑师预测了公寓设计在未来几年的发展。)” 可知，这里是说在疫情影响下我们的家不再只是家，而是变成了多用途的空间。所以选择项G“Instead they now serve as offices, gyms, workshops, classrooms, etc.(取而代之的是，它们现在被用作办公室、体育馆、工作坊、教室等。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
17．
根据后句“Entrance isn't necessarily a separate room. (大门不一定是单独的房间)” 可知这一部分讨论的内容是大门。所以选择项B“A better entrance will catch on. (一个更好的大门将会流行起来。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
18．
根据前句“When thoughtfully designed, the dining rooms can quickly change from dining mode to working mode. (经过精心设计，餐厅可以快速从用餐模式切换到工作模式。)”和后句“For example, a windowless alcove （壁凹） can be closed off with sliding glass doors. (例如,无窗壁龛可以用滑动玻璃门关闭。)” 可知，这部分内容是关于房间的功能和大小的灵活性变化。所以选择项F“Moreover, room sizes could also change to create more flexibility. (此外，房间的大小也可以改变以创造更多的灵活性。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
19．
根据本段第二句“After spending so much time indoors, having access to fresh air and nature at home is likely to become essential. (在室内呆了这么长时间后，在家里接触新鲜空气和大自然可能变得至关重要。)”和前句“Or it could be accomplished with more balconies. (或者可以用更多的阳台来实现。)” 可知，这一段是在将关于在家待得时间足够长之后新鲜空气的必要性。所以选择项E“After all, fresh air is important for wellness. (毕竟，新鲜空气对健康很重要。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
20．
根据本段第一句“Advanced technology will be adopted. (将采用先进技术。)”、前句“Maybe it's going to become a new standard. (也许它会成为一种新的标准。)” 和后句“Or your door will unlock itself when you come home," an engineer said.(或者你回家的时候门会自己打开，”一位工程师说。)”可知，一段是在讲关于新科技在家中的使用。所以选择项D“You'll be able to talk to the elevator. (你可以和电梯说话。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
十一、（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三三模）
Why do we build patience abilities? In brief, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 16． Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience.
We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian （爬行动物的）brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, to "look good." Let's just face it. 17． So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience ——anger, impatience, blaming and shaming. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain.
Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions — we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that's the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 18．
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts.
Most of us don't usually realize it when we are feeling even the smallest — but very present -painful feelings. 19． But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what's actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what's actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what's happening, the resistance.
20．
When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, "Sure, this is understandable; that is what happens to me when I'm bothered." You can say to yourself, "It's true. I don't like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A．Practice positive self-talk.
B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D．Learn to enjoy yourself at an easy time.
E. We ignore the fact that we're in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F. The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely addictive.
G. Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pains and annoyances.
16．G17．F18．B19．E20．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了培养耐心的四个步骤。
16．
由下文的“Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Practice positive self-talk.”（理解愤怒和不耐烦的上瘾本质。提高我们对不适和痛苦的态度。注意什么时候开始不耐烦或痛苦。进行积极的自我对话。）可推断，此处为总说“建议用一些有效的方法来训练自己，让自己在工作中少一些痛苦和烦恼”。G选项“建议用一些有效的方法来训练自己，让自己在工作中少一些痛苦和烦”符合句意。Effective ways呼应下文标题。故选G项。
17．
根据前文“ On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, to “look good.” Let’s just face it. ___2___ ”（在情感生存方面，我们希望以我们的方式取得进步，实现自己的目标，让我们“看起来很好”。让我们面对现实吧。）后文“So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blaming and shaming.”（培养耐心的第一步是接触与耐心相反的上瘾品质——愤怒、不耐烦、指责和羞辱。）可以推知，空白处要起到承上启下的作用，来说明保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的免于冲动是通过习惯的养成实现的。F选项“保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的免于冲动是通过习惯的养成实现的”符合句意。故选F项。
18．
根据前文“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set”（但是问题是并不是外在的东西而是我们的思想是如何形成的造成了我们的痛苦）可知，空白处要做总结性地说明“痛苦的解决方案是一项内部工作”，故B选项“痛苦的解决方案是一项内部工作”符合句意， not the outside呼应inside。故选B项。
19．
根据前文“ Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings”（当我们经历最小的，但存在的痛苦的感觉，我们中的大多数人都不会真正意识到。）可知，空白处承接上文。E选项“我们忽略了我们正处于痛苦中的事实，而完全专注于解决问题”符合句意。ignore the fact呼应don’t really realize it。故选E项。
20．
根据后文“When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”（当你发现自己不耐烦或对自己生气时，你可以提醒自己，你正在成长，“当然，这是可以理解的;当我烦恼的时候就会这样。你可以对自己说:“这是真的。”我不喜欢这样;这很不舒服，但我能忍受”。）可知，本段主要在说明进行积极的自我对话，空白处为本段的主题句。因此空白处为本段的中心含义的概括。A选项“进行积极的自我对话”符合句意。say to yourself呼应主题self-talk。故选A项。
十二、（2021·四川泸州市·高三三模）
The Cassini-Huygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light. 16． The different colors show exactly what the rings are. The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases. 17． That's why it is so light and it could float on water—if a big enough ocean could be found!
18． It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons. It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.
Scientists say the spacecrafts four-year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed. 19．
The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturn's moons, including Phoebe and Titan. Phoebe has a strange shape. 20． Saturn's biggest moon, Titan, is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface. The images of Phoebe and Titan look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.
A．Saturn itself is made of gases.
B．The pictures are hard to take in space.
C．The probe is an international space project.
D．They will discover more secrets about the spacecraft.
E.The pictures show them in shades of blue, green and red.
F.It will also study the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field.
G.Unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectly round.
16．E17．A18．C19．F20．G
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。上周抵达土星的Cassini-Huygens太空探测器发回了土星著名光环的惊人照片，这些照片是通过紫外线观测到的，文章主要介绍了Cassini-Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。
16．
根据上文“The Cassini-Huygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.(上周抵达土星的Cassini-Huygens太空探测器发回了土星著名光环的惊人照片，这些照片是通过紫外线观测到的)”可知，上文提到了探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示他们”符合语境，故选E。
17．
根据上文“The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.(红色表示环中含有小块岩石，蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物)”以及后文“That's why it is so light and it could float on water—if a big enough ocean could be found!(这就是为什么它这么轻，而且它可以漂浮在水上——如果能找到足够大的海洋的话！)”可知，上文提到了照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说这就是它这么轻的原因，可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境，故选A。
18．
根据后文“It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons. It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.(它的目的是探索行星及其环和卫星。它于1997年发射，其任务是探索这颗“气体巨星”，这是不用望远镜就能从地球上看到的最远的行星)”可知，后文主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，后文中It指代C选项中The probe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境，故选C。
19．
根据上文“Scientists say the spacecrafts four-year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed.(科学家表示，航天器在土星的4年旅行可能会告诉他们土星环是如何形成的)”可知，上文提到了航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中the spacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境，故选F。
20．
根据上文“The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturn's moons, including Phoebe and Titan. Phoebe has a strange shape.(探测器发回了一些土星卫星的照片，包括菲比和土卫六。菲比的形状很奇怪)”可知，上文提到了土星卫星菲比形状很奇怪，可知本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境，故选G。
十三、（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三一模）
If you're looking for natural, chemical-free ways to clean your home, look no further than the fruit bowl on your kitchen counter. 16． Here are ways a lemon can help you to clean your entire house.
A common use of lemon is cleaning your cutting boards. Because it's the place where you prepare your family’s dinner, you probably don't want to wash a cutting board with anything other than the most natural materials. 17． To remove stains from wood or plastic cutting boards cut a lemon in half and squeeze the juice onto the board. Rub the juice in with the lemon half, and then let sit for 20 minutes. 18．
Lemon can also help clean stained food containers. If you have a cupboard full of discolored plastic containers, let a lemon work its stain-fighting magic. Squeeze lemon juice onto the stained plastic and rub with the cut side of the lemon. 19． Stubborn sauce stains will disappear.
Lemon can be used as a degreaser（除油器）on almost any hard surface besides wood. Combine the mixture of fresh lemon juice and baking soda in a spray bottle and shake well. The lemon fights stain, and destroys bacteria, while the soda acts as a gently rubbing agent.
20． Add stained clothing to a pot of water with a few lemon slices, and then boil for a few minutes. In this way you can freshen up the appearance of white clothes and towels.
A．You may just add a little more lemon juice.
B．Lemons have a surprising amount of cleaning power.
C．Another use of lemon is getting white clothes brighter.
D．Then, let the containers dry in the sun and wash normally.
E.Seize a lemon and then reach for the chemical-filled cleaning sprays.
F.Luckily, that lemon you use in the recipe can double as a board cleaner.
G.The lemon acid will work on the stains, exposing a fresh, clean cutting board.
16．B17．F18．G19．D20．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章简述了柠檬对日常生活的洗护帮助极大。
16．
根据划线前句“If you're looking for natural, chemical-free ways to clean your home, look no further than the fruit bowl on your kitchen counter.”（如果你正在寻找天然、无化学物质的方法来打扫你的家，看看你厨房柜台上的水果盘就知道了。）以及划线后句“Here are ways a lemon can help you to clean your entire house.”（这里有一些柠檬可以帮助你清洁整个房子的方法。）可知，前句在强调水果可以作为日常洗护的工具。后句在强调柠檬是一个不错的选择。因此B项“柠檬有惊人的清洁能力。”在此启承上启下的作用。B项切题。故选B项。
17．
根据划线后句“Because it's the place where you prepare your family's dinner, you probably don't want to wash a cutting board with anything other than the most natural materials.”（因为这是你为家人准备晚餐的地方，你可能不想用任何天然材料以外的东西来清洗切菜板。）可知，因为切菜板是用来给家人准备晚餐的地方，所以不能用非天然的材料来清洗它。由此下文F项“幸运的是，你在食谱中使用的柠檬可以同时用作板清洁器。”表示柠檬用作清洁器是不错的选择。同时根据后文使用柠檬的方法可知，此处的F项切题。故选F项。
18．
根据划线前句“Rub the juice in with the lemon half, and then let sit for 20 minutes.”（用柠檬汁擦完菜板后，将菜板静置20分钟。）可知，G项“柠檬酸会对污渍起作用，露出新鲜干净的砧板。”强调用柠檬汁擦菜板后的效果。G项切题。故选G项。
19．
根据划线前句“Squeeze lemon juice onto the stained plastic and rub with the cut side of the lemon.”（将柠檬汁挤到沾有污渍的塑料上，然后用柠檬的切面擦拭。）可知，这是用柠檬除去塑料污渍的第一步。故D项“然后，让容器在阳光下干燥并正常洗涤。”和前句构成递进关系。D项是去除污渍的第二步。D项切题。故选D项。
20．
根据划线后的内容“Add stained clothing to a pot of water with a few lemon slices, and then boil for a few minutes. In this way you can freshen up the appearance of white clothes and towels.”（将沾有污渍的衣服加到有几片柠檬片的水中，然后煮沸几分钟。这样，您可以使白色衣服和毛巾的外观焕然一新。）可知，此处强调柠檬对洗白色衣服有效果。因此C项“柠檬的另一个用途是使白色的衣服更亮。”在此作为统领下文的作用，为本段的主题句。C项切题。故选C项。
十四、（2021·河南新乡市·高三二模）
There was a time when I was very concerned about what other people thought of me, especially when I was misunderstood and labeled incorrectly.16． Of course, you need to do something to let go of that mental suffering if you are stuck in such a similar situation.
●Identify and understand why you care. What makes what other people think of you so important? If other people's opinions cause you to worry, chances are that you have a tendency to be pleased. Being favored might be a winning formula for you in the past. 17． But if it doesn't come as expected, just be yourself.
●Understand you can't control others. The reality is that you cannot control what another person thinks of you. What most people don't understand is that we often form opinions of others based on associations we had in the past. And the bottom line is that it's none of your business what another person thinks of you. 18．
●Practice daily self-love and acceptance. Your situation may come from a concept that we are not as worthy as another person and our needs are not as important as theirs. Recognize you are equal to every other person. 19． We all have different roles but that does not make anyone more valuable as a human being.
●Live a life that pleases you. Constant worry about what others think of you must create considerable stress and will impact your relationships, your health, and your peace of mind.
●20． You will not need to be concerned with the few people who just don't seem to understand you. You can live your fulfilling life and they can live theirs.
A．That's his or her private views.
B．Don't take your role to your heart.
C．Everyone deserves respect and admiration.
D．Stay true to your values and do your own thing.
E.That's to say, there is no one above or below you.
F.Certainly, there are advantages to having someone's high regard.
G.Caring too much about their views was energy-consuming and unnecessary.
16．G17．F18．A19．E20．D
【分析】
本文是说明文。讲述我们经常被别人误解，对于这种情况我们应该做些什么来释放精神痛苦。文章给出了几点建议。
16．
后文“Of course, you need to do something to let go of that mental suffering if you are stuck in such a similar situation.”提及，陷入类似情况要做一些事情来释放精神痛苦，所以说明过分关注他们的观点是一件耗精力，不必要的事，故选G。
17．
下文“But if it doesn't come as expected, just be yourself.”说明但是事与愿违，表转折，说明此空应填好的事情，F项“当然，有人高度尊重是有好处的。”符合语境，certainly说明与上文“被青睐可能是你过去成功定式。”一致，故选F。
18．
本段首句“Understand you can't control others.”说明你不能控制别人，以及空前一句“And the bottom line is that it's none of your business what another person thinks of you.”说明别人对你的看法与你无关，可知那是他或她的个人观点，故选A。
19．
上文“Recognize you are equal to every other person.”说明要认识到你与别人是平等的，E项中“there is no one above or below you(没有人比你好或者比你差)”与此处语境相符，That's to say说明前后内容一致。故选E。
20．
此空为总领句， 应为动词开头。以及后文的“You will not need to be concerned with the few people who just don't seem to understand you.（你不需要关心那些似乎不理解你的少数人）”可知你应该坚持你的价值观，做你自己的事。故选D。
十五、（2020·江苏扬州市·仪征市第二中学高三月考）
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
16． Try the following steps：
Calm yourself. 17． You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. 18． Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
19． If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. 20． But it can rob you of your self­confidence if you don’t do it.
A．Why should you forgive?
B．How should you start to forgive?
C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D．Try to see things from your offender’s angle.
E.For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F.To make your anger die away, try a simple stress­management technique.
G.If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
16．B
17．F
18．G
19．D
20．E
【分析】
文章是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了人们宽恕他人的方法和途径。
16．根据第一段的内容和“Try the following steps”可知，接下来是提的建议，故空白处是问“应该怎样原谅他人呢？”之类的话。起承上启下的作用，故选B。
17．根据Calm yourself(要冷静)和take a couple of breaths(深呼吸)可知，这里讲的是，要学会舒缓愤怒，让自己平静下来。F选项To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.让愤怒逐渐消散，尝试一个简单的压力管理技巧，符合，故选F。
18．根据第一句“Don't wait for an apology.”可知，不能等待他人的原谅，G选项If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.如果等他人来道歉，你可能会等相当长的时间，G项与wait for有关，故选G。
19．根据IfIf you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love.可知，如果你理解惹怒你的人，你可能会意识到他是无意伤害你的，应该站在对方的角度考虑一下。D选项Try to see things from your offender's angle.试着站在对方的角度思考问题.，符合。故选D。
20．根据“Don't forget to forgive yourself.”和“...rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it”可知，最后一段说的是，要学会自我原谅，E项“对一些人来说，原谅他们自己是最大的挑战”符合语境。故选E。
十六、（2021·陕西西安市·西安中学高三二模）
Every day, we are faced with challenges and uncertainties. While these are things that are out of our control, we can most certainly control how we react and feel in such situations.16．Optimism is a simple yet powerful mindset that can affect us in many ways.
An optimist will be more committed towards his goals. When some people set a goal they don’t account for the problems they run into. They view them as barriers that can’t he removed. This is why the minute something doesn’t go as planned they start to shrink and give up.17．In fact, an optimistic person will merely look at the problems as new experiences and new possibilities. He understands that failure is just part of the process and welcomes it with open arms.
18．A survey conducted by Gallup found that only 35 percent of US managers are occupied in their jobs. This lack of devotion and its influence on employees costs the US approximately $77 billion to $96 billion each year. Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees. 19．
Above all, optimism offers a healthier and longer life. A study from the University of Pittsburgh concluded that those who have an optimistic viewpoint have a 30 percent lower risk of heart disease. 20． Additionally, research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that optimists are less likely to experience disabilities as they get older and end up living longer.
In life, movement and growth is important and necessary, which optimism helps us achieve.
A．They see failure as a new start.
B．We can learn to keep optimistic.
C．Optimists also spread a good atmosphere.
D．They think about possible positive outcomes.
E.That’s because they are generally happier and less stressed.
F.On the other hand, an optimistic person is more open to problems.
G.Similarly, having a positive attitude can inspire everyone around us.
16．B17．F18．C19．G20．E
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，讲述了乐观是一种简单而有力的心态，可以在许多方面影响我们。
16．
根据空格前一句“While these are things that are out of our control, we can most certainly control how we react and feel in such situations.(虽然这些都是我们无法控制的事情，但我们可以很肯定地控制我们在这种情况下的反应和感受)”可知，我们虽然有很多不能控制的事情，但是却能控制我们的反映和感受；再结合文章下文“Optimism is a simple yet powerful mindset that can affect us in many ways.(乐观是一种简单而有力的心态，可以在许多方面影响我们)”可知，空格处应该引入乐观这一主题。B项We can learn to keep optimistic(我们可以学习乐观)引出乐观这个主题。故选B。
17．
根据空格前“When some people set a goal they don’t account for the problems they run into. They view them as barriers that can’t he removed. This is why the minute something doesn’t go as planned they start to shrink and give up.(当一些人设定目标时，他们没有考虑他们遇到的问题。他们将其视为无法消除的障碍。这就是为什么一旦事情没有按计划进行，他们就会开始退缩和放弃)”可知，有些人在制定目标时没有考虑会存在的问题，所以会经常放弃。然后结合空格后“In fact, an optimistic person will merely look at the problems as new experiences and new possibilities.(事实上，乐观的人只会把这些问题看成是新的经历和新的可能性)”可知，空格处应该陈述乐观主义者在遇到问题时该怎么办。F项On the other hand, an optimistic person is more open to problems(另一方面，乐观的人更容易面对问题)陈述了乐观者面对问题的态度，承上启下。故选F。
18．
根据下文“A survey conducted by Gallup found that only 35 percent of US managers are occupied in their jobs. This lack of devotion and its influence on employees costs the US approximately $77 billion to $96 billion each year. Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees.(盖洛普公司开展的一项调查发现，美国只有35%的经理在专心工作。这种缺乏奉献精神及其对员工的影响每年使美国损失约770亿至960亿美元。乐观的领导者可以帮助激励他们的员工)”可知，在公司中，如果领导是个乐观的人，公司的效益会很好。相反地，如果领导缺乏奉献精神那么会造成巨大的损失。由此推知，本段主要在讲述，在公司之中需要良好的氛围，这样可以带动大家。C项Optimists also spread a good atmosphere(乐观主义者也传播了一种良好的氛围)满足本段段意。故选C。
19．
根据空格前一句“Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees(乐观的领导者可以帮助激励他们的员工)”可知，此处在陈述乐观的领导者会带动他的员工。由此推知，下文应该讲述乐观的人也会带动周围的人。G项Similarly, having a positive attitude can inspire everyone around us(同样，积极的态度可以激励我们周围的每一个人)承接上文。故选G。
20．
根据空格前一句“Pittsburgh concluded that those who have an optimistic viewpoint have a 30 percent lower risk of heart disease.(匹兹堡大学的一项研究得出结论，那些乐观的人患心脏病的风险降低了30%)”可知，乐观的人患心脏病的风险降低了30%，由此推知下文应该分析这一现象产生的原因。E项That’s because they are generally happier and less stressed(这是因为他们通常更快乐，压力也更小)陈述了这个原因。故选E。