2023年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（全国通用）专题14 阅读理解七选五

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专题14阅读理解七选五-2023年高考真题及模拟题汇编

2023年高考真题
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
2023年名校模拟题
Passage 1
（2023·广东佛山·统考模拟预测）Involvement in activities outside of schoolwork makes high school a lot more interesting and fun. 1 Through extracurricular activities, you can develop important skills, such as teamwork, public speaking, creativity, leadership, and self-awareness.
The first step is to explore. 2 While you can’t do everything, try to get involved in as many clubs, teams, and activities that you find interesting. There is not a required one-size-fits-all list of activities. What matters is that you find clubs and programs that interest you!
You won’t know if you like something if you don’t try it. 3 For example, if you think you might be interested in earning a business degree, find out if your high school has a financial association. If you think you’d like a career in politics, check to see if your high school has a Model Unite Nations project.
While you want to appear “well rounded,” it is important that you don’t take on too much. 4 It can be helpful to see freshman year as the time to try a lot of things. In your sophomore year, you can begin limiting your involvement to your most important activities. This will allow you to spend more time on fewer things.
5 Develop it into a true passion and try to be an expert in it. This is what makes you unique and allows you to shine on a college application or qualify for a scholarship.
A．Bear in mind what is most important to you.
B．You may feel it hard to make choices at the very beginning.
C．Participate in various extracurricular activities with interest.
D．As you start high school, you will find you have many new opportunities.
E．Allow yourself enough time to do well in the activities you care about most.
F．These activities help you gain abilities you couldn’t learn through textbooks and tests alone
G．Keep an eye out for clubs that may specifically help you prepare for a particular college major.
【答案】1．F 2．D 3．G 4．E 5．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中阶段参加课外社团活动的意义，以及一些相关的建议。
1．根据上文“Involvement in activities outside of schoolwork makes high school a lot more interesting and fun. (参与课外活动使高中生活更加有趣和快乐)”可知，本文话题为课外活动，上文提及参与课外活动带来的好处，下文“Through extracurricular activities, you can develop important skills, such as teamwork, public speaking, creativity, leadership, and self-awareness. (通过课外活动，你可以培养重要的技能，比如团队合作、公众演讲、创造力、领导能力和自我意识。)”，下文具体列举了参与课外活动所能培养的技能，F项“These activities help you gain abilities you couldn’t learn through textbooks and tests alone (这些活动可以帮助你获得仅通过课本和考试无法学到的能力)”，其中的These activities呼应上文的activities outside of schoolwork，而下文则顺接F项中的abilities you couldn’t learn through textbooks and tests alone，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选F项。
2．本段首句“The first step is to explore. (第一步是探索。)”，下文“While you can’t do everything, try to get involved in as many clubs, teams, and activities that you find interesting. There is not a required one-size-fits-all list of activities. What matters is that you find clubs and programs that interest you! (虽然你不可能什么都做，但尽量多参加一些你感兴趣的社团、团队和活动。并不需要一个放之四海而皆准的活动列表。重要的是你找到了你感兴趣的社团和项目！)”可知，课外活动可以是参加感兴趣的社团，D项“As you start high school, you will find you have many new opportunities. (当你开始上高中时，你会发现你有很多新的机会。)”，句中的many new opportunities呼应首句中的explore，这个课外活动的探索在高一时就开始了，且机会多多，这个阶段可以参加多个感兴趣的社团，上下文衔接连贯，故选D项。
3．根据上文“You won’t know if you like something if you don’t try it. (如果你不去尝试，你就不知道你是否喜欢它。)”，下文“For example, if you think you might be interested in earning a business degree, find out if your high school has a financial association. If you think you’d like a career in politics, check to see if your high school has a Model Unite Nations project. (例如，如果你认为你可能对获得商业学位感兴趣，看看你的高中是否有金融协会。如果你想从政，看看你的高中是否有模拟联合国项目。)”可知，可以通过高中阶段的社团活动去接触一些自己可能感兴趣的，针对大学专业、未来职业的社团活动，通过尝试这些活动来确认自己是否喜欢，G项“Keep an eye out for clubs that may specifically help you prepare for a particular college major. (留意那些专门帮助你为某一大学专业做准备的社团。)”，下文通过举例的方式，对G项进行解释，参加这些社团，可以提前确认自己是否喜欢这些专业，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
4．根据上文“While you want to appear ‘well rounded,’ it is important that you don’t take on too much (虽然你想让自己看起来“全面发展”，但重要的是不要承担太多。)”可知，不要选择太多的课外社团活动，下文“It can be helpful to see freshman year as the time to try a lot of things. In your sophomore year, you can begin limiting your involvement to your most important activities. This will allow you to spend more time on fewer things. (把高一看作是尝试很多事情的时候是很有帮助的。在高二的时候，你可以开始把你的活动限制在最重要的活动上。这会让你把更多的时间花在更少的事情上。)”可知，高二开始，要关注最重要的活动，而不是把时间、精力分散在不重要的活动中，E项“Allow yourself enough time to do well in the activities you care about most. (给自己足够的时间把自己最关心的事情做好。)”可知，E项承接上文，不参与不重要的社团课外活动，才能使自己有足够的时间去做自己最关心的事，E项与下文spend more time on fewer things呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选E项。
5．下文“Develop it into a true passion and try to be an expert in it. This is what makes you unique and allows you to shine on a college application or qualify for a scholarship. (把它培养成一种真正热衷的爱好，并努力成为这方面的专家。这让你与众不同，让你在大学申请中脱颖而出，或者有资格获得奖学金。)”可知，通过课外活动使自己有特长，A项“Bear in mind what is most important to you. (记住对你来说最重要的是什么。)”，下文的it即指代A项中的what is most important to you，时刻记住自己在课外活动中需要获得什么技能，并把它培养成为自己的爱好，可以增加自己在大学申请时的优势，上下文衔接连贯。故选A项。
Passage 2
（2023·湖南长沙·湖南师大附中校考一模）You’ve comeback from your holiday and you feel amazingly recharged. Then, you open your inbox with hundreds of unanswered emails. Suddenly, your calm starts to disappear and your blood pressure starts to rise. 6 Yet, you’ve only been back at work for an hour or two. That’s no way to start your first day at work after a holiday. So, here’s what you do to keep your stress to a minimum after a break.
Give yourself half a day before jumping back into work. Take this time to unpack, do some laundry, and fill the fridge with food. 7 Doing this, you’re much more likely to suffer from less stress going back into work because your personal parts are already sorted. You will also feel more prepared going back into work.
8 This enables you to focus on dealing with your overflowing inbox and getting your priorities straight. 9 Split them into sorts like urgent, non-urgent, quick responses and no action needed. Then, start by focusing on the urgent ones (one by one!), before diving into the quick responses.
Up your fun the week you’re back. Go out for a meal with your friends. Walk your favorite route in your neighborhood. Look at the pictures from your holiday. Post-holiday blues can be very common if you go straight into all work and no play. Hence, make a little time for play your first week back. 10
A．Limit your scheduled commitments the first week back.
B．Well, you’ve got ready for everything.
C．Do whatever you need to do to wrap up the holiday stuff.
D．You may feel like you’re decades behind.
E．It is advisable to categorize your unread emails.
F．You’re supposed to deal with your emails instantly.
G．You’ll feel happy even if your holiday is over.
【答案】6．D 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何从假期过渡到工作状态的建议。
6．根据下文“Yet, you’ve only been back at work for an hour or two.(然而，你才回来工作一两个小时。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，D项的“decades”和下文“an hour or two”形成对比关系。D项：You may feel like you’re decades behind.(你可能觉得自己落后了几十年。)符合语境。故选D。
7．根据上文“Take this time to unpack, do some laundry, and fill the fridge with food.( 利用这段时间打开行李，洗衣服，把冰箱装满食物。)”和下文“Doing this, you’re much more likely to suffer from less stress going back into work because your personal parts are already sorted.( 如果你这样做了，你就更有可能在回去工作时承受更少的压力，因为你的个人部分已经整理好了。)”可知，空处内容和整理东西有关。C项中的“wrap up the holiday stuff ”和下文中的“your personal parts are already sorted”对应。C项：Do whatever you need to do to wrap up the holiday stuff.(尽你所能把假期的东西打包。)符合语境。故选C。
8．根据下文“This enables you to focus on dealing with your overflowing inbox and getting your priorities straight.(这样可以让你专注于处理堆积如山的收件箱，并分清轻重缓急。)”可知，本段建议通过分清轻重缓急处理收件箱来达到限制计划的目的。A项：Limit your scheduled commitments the first week back.(在回来的第一周限制你的计划。)符合语境。故选A。
9．根据下文“Split them into sorts like urgent, non-urgent, quick responses and no action needed. (把它们分成紧急的、非紧急的、快速反应的和不需要采取行动的这些类别。)”可知，空处建议将邮件分类，E项中的“unread emails”和下文的“them”对应。E项：It is advisable to categorize your unread emails.(把未读邮件分类是明智的。)符合语境。故选E。
10．根据上文“Up your fun the week you’re back. Go out for a meal with your friends. Walk your favorite route in your neighborhood. Look at the pictures from your holiday. Post-holiday blues can be very common if you go straight into all work and no play. Hence, make a little time for play your first week back.(你回来的那一周好好享受吧。和朋友出去吃顿饭。在你家附近走你最喜欢的路线。看看你度假时拍的照片。如果你只工作不娱乐，节后抑郁是很常见的。因此，在你回归的第一周抽出一点时间来玩。)”可知，空处进行总结，按照上面提出的方法，即使假期结束了，也会感到快乐。G项：You’ll feel happy even if your holiday is over.(即使假期结束了，你也会感到高兴。)符合语境。故选G。
Passage 3
（2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测）Children love getting dirty. 11 But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.
“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. 12
What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. 13
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. 14 The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
15 For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
A．For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
B．Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds.
C．Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.
D．They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.
E．As for the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.
F．People who grow up on farms are less likely to develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders.
G．They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
【答案】11．D 12．A 13．G 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子们在户外玩耍、接触大自然的重要性，并且指出这样做对孩子们的身心健康及成长有着积极的影响，特别是在现代城市化的生活和环境背景下，更应该注意让孩子们参与户外活动，乐享大自然。
11．根据前文“Children love getting dirty.(孩子们喜欢弄脏。)”结合下文“But”可知与空处转折，D项“They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.(他们像泥泞的磁铁一样被水坑吸引，而不考虑鞋子或衣服的颜色。)”与上下文一致，表明小孩们非常喜欢玩泥巴，不会顾及自己的衣服和鞋子会被弄脏，这突显出小孩们对于在室外玩耍的渴望，D项“他们被像泥泞的磁铁一样的水坑吸引，完全不考虑鞋子和衣服的颜色。”符合，故选D项。
12．根据前文“Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. (今天，许多父母可能暗暗希望他们的孩子有机会捡起一点泥土。随着城市化的兴起，以及电子游戏和社交媒体的诱惑，与大自然的接触比过去少得多。)”可知现代的城市生活方式和娱乐活动可能与大自然的接触缺乏，导致了小孩们越来越难以有机会和时间去在户外玩耍，与A项“For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. (对于许多人来说，根本没有机会变得泥泞。)”与上下文一致，故选A项。
13．根据前文“According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. (根据最近的研究，外面的污垢正在与友好的微生物合作。)”可知，空处会提到微生物的作用，与G项“They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma. (它们可以训练免疫系统并建立对一系列疾病的适应力，包括过敏和哮喘。)”上下文一致，在泥土或者大自然里面玩耍也会帮助小孩的免疫系统去建立对很多疾病的的抵抗能力和适应性，包括过敏和哮喘等疾病。故选G项。
14．根据上文“Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area.(支持这一理论，2009年的一项研究发现，与在保存完好的城市地区的街道上步行20分钟相比，患有多动症的儿童在公园散步20分钟后能够更好地集中注意力。)”可知，大自然场景对小孩的精神和认知发展会有很好的刺激和帮助，与B项“Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. (靠近草木似乎对他们的思想产生了有益的影响。)”与上下文一致，故选B项。
15．根据下文“For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals. (例如，泥浆和揉捏泥或沙子等材料的行为可以帮助儿童发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，称为感觉运动发展。这使孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号。)”可知本段主要讲述了户外玩耍可以帮助孩子们感觉运动发展，使他们理解他或她的身体信号，这是一种学习经验，与C项“Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.(除了这些恢复效果外，户外游戏还可以提供宝贵的学习经验。)”上下文一致，故选C项。
Passage 4
（2023·北京·人大附中校考三模）In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other. 16 For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s fourteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impossible to read.
Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration. 17 Frequently, the needs of speakers drive language change. New technologies industries, products and experiences simply require new words. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 18 Through our day-to-day interactions, we pick up words and savings from other people and integrate them into our speech. Teens and young adults, for example, often use different words and phrases from their parents. Some of them spread through the population and slowly change the language.
19 Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened. Some words are even created through misinterpretation of form. As noted in the Linguistic Society of America’s publication Is English Changing?, the word pea is one such example. Up until about four hundred years ago, pease could refer to either a single pea or many peas. At some point, people assumed that pease was the plural form of a new word, pea, based on the way pease sounded. While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly. 20 For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.
A．Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.
B．Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.
C．As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change.
D．All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use.
E．The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.
F．Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.
G．The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.
【答案】16．B 17．F 18．G 19．E 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着时间而变化，其原因很多样，变化主要体现在词汇、句子结构和发音三个方面。
16．前文“In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other.（在某些方面，语言的变化是令人惊讶的。毕竟，它们代代相传，足以让父母和孩子相互交流。）”引入文章的话题语言的变化，后文“For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries.（例如，在一千多年的时间里，日语的变化相对较小，而英语在短短几个世纪内就迅速演化。）”用日语和英语的变化情况作为例子，B项“Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.（然而，语言学家发现，所有现存的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化——尽管变化的速度不同。）”符合语境，和前文对语言变化的惊讶构成转折，是后文的例证支持的观点，后文的“changed relatively little over a thousand years”“evolved rapidly in just a few centuries”解释了其中的“at different rates”。故选B。
17．前文“Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration.（语言的变化有很多原因。由于社会、经济和政治压力的影响，语言往往会发生大规模变化，因为有很多入侵、殖民和移民推动语言变化的例子。）”点明了本段的主旨语言变化的原因，介绍了外部宏观环境的原因，F项“Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.（即使没有这些影响，如果有足够多的使用者采用一种新的说话方式，一门语言也会发生巨大的变化。）”符合语境，承接前文，其中的“these kinds of influences”指前文的“social, economic, and political pressures”，介绍了使用者方面的原因作为补充。故选F。
18．前文“But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way.（但是个体说话的独特方式也会促进语言的变化，因为没有两个人使用一种语言的方式完全相同。）”提到了个体使用的语言存在差异，G项“The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.（人们使用的词汇和短语取决于他们居住的地方、年龄、教育程度、社会地位和其他因素。）”符合语境，具体解释了个体语言差异的原因。故选G。
19．空处位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段落内容。后文“Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened.（词汇变化很快，比如从其他语言中借用新词，或者新词被创造、组合或缩略。）”、“While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly.（虽然词汇变化很快，但句子结构——句子中单词的顺序变化得比较慢。）”和“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。）”涉及语言变化中的词汇、句子结构和发音，E项“The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.（语言随着时间的推移发生变化的三个主要方面是词汇、句子结构和发音。）”符合语境，概括了这三个方面的内容。故选E。
20．后文“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。这种转变体现了中世纪英语和现代英语发音的最大区别。）”介绍的是语言变化的发音方面，A项“Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.（声音的变化很难记录，但同样有趣。）”符合语境，引起后文内容。故选A。
Passage 5
（2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）During job or school interviews, you’re likely to be asked what your strengths and weaknesses are, because the interviewers are interested in how your areas of strengths and weaknesses might affect your performance in this position. 21 For instance, you may be skilled in cooking, but if you’re applying for an office job, this strength may be irrelevant.
However, knowing your personal areas of strengths and weaknesses is not a piece of cake. It takes self-awareness and self-reflection. 22 Or, ask some of your friends what they see as your best qualities or shortcomings.
23 For example, let’s say my strength is creativity and yours is planning; we both want to have the same career. We might go about getting there in very different ways. If I did something creative to get my dream job and you planned carefully, we’d both likely be successful. But if I tried planning and you tried something creative, both of us might fail. 24
Having a weakness doesn’t have to be a bad thing. It could be something you struggle with, but it could also be something you haven’t spent time developing yet. 25 For example, maybe your area of weakness is relevant to gratitude. You just haven’t spent a lot of time thinking about gratitude before. But now you engage in a bunch of activities that help you turn gratitude into an area of strength. Hey, now you’ve got one more skill!
A．Is it proper to begin with a truthful answer?
B．So ask yourself what you are good or weak at.
C．Our areas of strengths can help us achieve our goals.
D．Thus, it’s helpful to know your strengths related to the role.
E．Many job applicants are unsure how to approach this question.
F．By turning a weakness into a strength, you build other important skills.
G．That’s why it is important to know and use our strengths to reach goals.
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．G 25．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何认识和利用好自己的优势和劣势。
21．根据空后的“For instance, you may be skilled in cooking, but if you’re applying for an office job, this strength may be irrelevant.(例如，你可能擅长烹饪，但如果你申请的是办公室工作，这一优势可能就无关紧要了)”可知，此处举例说明空处的内容，所以此空处讲述的内容应与“优势与职位是否相关”有关，D选项“Thus, it’s helpful to know your strengths related to the role.(因此，它有助于了解自己的优势与作用)”中的thus为关键词，结合句意可知，D选项与空前内容为因果关系，且内容吻合。故选D项。
22．根据空前的“However, knowing your personal areas of strengths and weaknesses is not a piece of cake. It takes self-awareness and self-reflection.(然而，了解自己的优势和劣势并不是一件容易的事。这需要自我意识和自我反省)”可知，认识到自己的优势不是一件容易得事情，根据空后“Or, ask some of your friends what they see as your best qualities or shortcomings.(或者，问问你的一些朋友，他们认为你的优点和缺点是什么)”内容中的or可以推断，此空处讲述的内容与“如何了解自己的优势”相关，B选项“So ask yourself what you are good or weak at.(所以问问你自己你擅长什么或者哪方面弱)”内容与空前内容为因果关系，且与空后的or为选择关系，符合逻辑。故选B项。
23．分析语篇可知，此空为本段的主题句，根据空后列举的例子“For example, let’s say my strength is creativity and yours is planning; we both want to have the same career. We might go about getting there in very different ways. If I did something creative to get my dream job and you planned carefully, we’d both likely be successful. But if I tried planning and you tried something creative, both of us might fail. .(例如，假设我的优势是创造力和你的优势是计划；我们都想拥有同样的事业。我们可能会以非常不同的方式到达那里。如果我做了一些有创意的事情来得到我梦寐以求的工作，而你精心策划，我们都有可能成功。但如果我试着做策划，而你试着做一些有创意的事情，我们俩都可能失败)”可知，该段举例说明的是“恰当利用好自己的优势能促进成功”，C选项“Our areas of strengths can help us achieve our goals.(我们的优势可以帮助我们实现目标)”讲述的内容与空后举例内容吻合，且概括了本段的主题。故选C项。
24．分析语篇可知，此空位于段位，可能是对本段的总结，根据空前的“If I did something creative to get my dream job and you planned carefully, we’d both likely be successful. But if I tried planning and you tried something creative, both of us might fail.(如果我做了一些有创意的事情来得到我梦寐以求的工作，而你精心策划，我们都有可能成功。但如果我试着做策划，而你试着做一些有创意的事情，我们俩都可能失败)”可知，只有知道自己的优势并且利用合理能促进我们成功，但是利用不当便会失败，G选项“That’s why it is important to know and use our strengths to reach goals.(这就是为什么了解并利用我们的优势来实现目标是很重要的)”中的that指代的内容与空前的内容吻合，且构成因果关系。故选G项。
25．根据空后列举的例子“For example, maybe your area of weakness is relevant to gratitude. You just haven’t spent a lot of time thinking about gratitude before. But now you engage in a bunch of activities that help you turn gratitude into an area of strength.(例如，也许你的劣势与感恩有关。你只是以前没有花很多时间思考感恩。但现在你参与了一系列活动，这些活动可以帮助你把感恩变成一种优势)”可知，此处列举内容表达的是“劣势有时候可以转化为优势”，F选项“By turning a weakness into a strength, you build other important skills.(把劣势变成优势，构建其他重要的技能)”讲述的是“将劣势转换为优势的好处”，内容与空后的举例内容相关。故选F项。
Passage 6
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Your moral compass, conscience, and ethics may all sound like the same set of values, but your moral compass can sometimes steer you away from rigid societal laws. Thus, when you’re faced with a decision, how you react is often driven by personal values you’ve acquired. 26
What is your moral compass?
Morality is what defines whether an action is perceived as good or bad. Morals guide your individual behavior within a society, which aren’t fixed. 27 Your moral compass provides guidance in making ethical decisions, while your conscience serves as an internal alarm system to alert you when you have violated our moral code. As for ethics, they tend to be the cultural and societal standards that outline how “everyone” is expected to behave.
28
According to modern psychologists, moral development is a part of three phases in childhood.
· Pre-conventional phase: Behaviors are driven by punishment avoidance and rewards.
· Conventional phase: Laws and rules of society are considered to gain others’ approval.
· Post-Conventional phase: Moral decisions are made from the perspective of individual rights.
How to find your moral compass?
It’s not always easy to know right from wrong, but you can try the following methods. Your moral compass is made up of your beliefs, so it may be helpful to actively review them. 29 You may also find it helpful to speak with people who can engage in open discussions about their moral positions.
30 It is what guides your behavior in times when societal rules regarding human rights and conduct conflict with your beliefs. Just hold it firmly and properly.
A．How does your moral compass develop?
B．Your moral compass is your personal guide.
C．What are the modern concepts of moral compass?
D．Not everyone would reach the final level in their lifetime.
E．Another way is by learning about the societies around you.
F．They may change as you face new experiences and gain life lessons.
G．Some of these values, which affect your judgement, make up your moral compass.
【答案】26．G 27．F 28．A 29．E 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是道德指南针、道德准则如何发展以及如何找到自己的道德指南针。
26．根据上文“Your moral compass, conscience, and ethics may all sound like the same set of values, but your moral compass can sometimes steer you away from rigid societal laws. Thus, when you’re faced with a decision, how you react is often driven by personal values you’ve acquired. (你的道德指南针、良心和伦理可能听起来都是同一套价值观，但你的道德指南针有时会引导你远离严格的社会法律。因此，当你面临一个决定时，你的反应通常是由你已经获得的个人价值观驱动的)”可知，上文提到面临决定个人价值观会影响反应，说明价值观会构成道德指南针。故G选项“其中一些价值观会影响你的判断，从而构成你的道德指南针”符合语境，故选G。
27．根据上文“Morality is what defines whether an action is perceived as good or bad. Morals guide your individual behavior within a society, which aren’t fixed. (道德定义了一个行为是好是坏。道德在社会中指导你的个人行为，这是不固定的)”可知，本句承接上文说明道德发生改变的情况。故F选项“当你面对新的经历和获得人生教训时，它们可能会改变”符合语境，故选F。
28．根据后文“According to modern psychologists, moral development is a part of three phases in childhood. (现代心理学家认为，道德发展是童年三个阶段的一部分)”可知，本部分的主旨是道德准则是如何发展的。故A选项“你的道德准则是如何发展？”符合语境，故选A。
29．根据后文“You may also find it helpful to speak with people who can engage in open discussions about their moral positions. (你可能还会发现，与那些能够公开讨论自己道德立场的人交谈是很有帮助的)”可知，后文提到了与能够公开讨论自己道德立场的人交谈，即通过周围的社会了解自己道德准则。故E选项“另一种方法是了解你周围的社会”符合语境，故选E。
30．根据后文“It is what guides your behavior in times when societal rules regarding human rights and conduct conflict with your beliefs. Just hold it firmly and properly. (当有关人权和行为的社会规则与你的信仰发生冲突时，它会指导你的行为。只要牢牢地握好就行了)”可知，本段主要说明了道德指南针可以指导个人行为。故B选项“你的道德指南针是你的个人指导”符合语境，故选B。
Passage 7
（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）Long before metal oven racks (架子) were invented, many people would place the things that they wanted to bake onto stones to keep them from burning in ovens or even directly on heat. 31 However, there are actually many applications for its use in baking.
Typical baking stones can be made of various materials, and tend to be either round or rectangular in shape. The clay stone is popular, but some people like marble. Some have a shiny surface and others don’t have. 32 Some people suggest that heading to the local kitchen supply store to purchase a baking stone is a waste of time and instead they purchase tiles (瓦片) from kitchen or gardening stores. 33 They may contain high amounts of lead and cooks would need to test them for the presence of lead before using them to cook.
34 Baking stones absorb and keep heat very well, so when you put them in the oven and allow the oven to run for a while, the stones heat up. They transfer heat directly to the bottom of your bread or other goods, as the goods can be placed directly on the stone so they never start out on a cold surface. This allows bread to bake more evenly all over, resulting in a much nicer crust (酥皮)—particularly for artisan bread.
There are many benefits of using a baking stone to cook pizza or bread. 35 For another, the stone is also praised for its ability to evenly heat the crust and lessen chances that pizza or other bread will burn.
A．The way that baking stones work is simple.
B．Baking stones can be found in all shapes and sizes.
C．For one thing, it tends to produce more desirable qualities.
D．That makes them uniquely useful for many cooking creations.
E．Today, the baking stone is associated most with cooking pizza.
F．So you can choose from a great variety of stones on the market.
G．However, most of these products are not rated for safety in cooking.
【答案】31．E 32．F 33．G 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了烘培石做披萨和面包的好处以及它在烘焙中有很多其它的应用。
31．上文“Long before metal oven racks (架子) were invented, many people would place the things that they wanted to bake onto stones to keep them from burning in ovens or even directly on heat.”（早在金属烤架发明之前，许多人就会把他们想烤的东西放在石头上，以防止它们在烤箱中烧焦，甚至直接加热。）引出话题，提到人们把想烤的东西放在石头上。下文“However, there are actually many applications for its use in baking.”（然而，实际上它在烘焙中有很多应用。）说明在烘焙中有很多应用。结合选项E项Today, the baking stone is associated most with cooking pizza.（今天，烘焙石与制作披萨联系最为紧密。）起到上下文的承上启下作用，下文是对上文的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
32．根据上文“The clay stone is popular, but some people like marble. Some have a shiny surface and others don’t have.”（粘土石很受欢迎，但有些人喜欢大理石。有些有闪亮的表面，有些则没有。）可知，说明不同的选择。结合选项F项So you can choose from a great variety of stones on the market.（所以你可以从市场上各种各样的石头中选择。）可知，和上文内容相关，形成因果关系，为上文内容的语意递进。故选F项。
33．根据下文“They may contain high amounts of lead and cooks would need to test them for the presence of lead before using them to cook.”（他们可能含有大量的铅，厨师在用它们做饭之前需要测试它们是否含有铅。）说明不安全的原因。可推知，上文为关于安全的内容。结合选项G项However, most of these products are not rated for safety in cooking.（然而，这些产品中的大多数都没有被评为烹饪安全。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
34．根据下文“Baking stones absorb and keep heat very well, so when you put them in the oven and allow the oven to run for a while, the stones heat up.”（烘烤的石头吸收和保持热量非常好，所以当你把它们放在烤箱里，让烤箱运行一会儿，石头就会变热。）说明烘烤的石头的方法。结合选项A项The way that baking stones work is simple.（烘烤石头的方法很简单。）和下文内容意思一致，为总结下文内容。故选A项。
35．上文“There are many benefits of using a baking stone to cook pizza or bread.”（用烤石做披萨或面包有很多好处。）说明烤石做披萨的好处。下文“For another, the stone is also praised for its ability to evenly heat the crust and lessen chances that pizza or other bread will burn.”（另一方面，这种石头也因为它能均匀地加热面包皮和减少披萨或其他面包烧焦的机会而受到称赞。）说明烤石做披萨好处的原因之一。故可推断空格处内容为另外一种做披萨好处的原因。结合选项C项For one thing, it tends to produce more desirable qualities.（首先，它往往会产生更理想的品质。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
Passage 8
（2023·河南安阳·统考三模）Winter is one of the most magical times of the year to get moving. 36 However, when you wake up in the morning, it can be hard to follow through on an exercise commitment. Here are ways to keep that drive going throughout the cold months.
Work out with a group. 37 This gives you social support and can help with making friends. When you exercise with a group, flaking out (入睡) is no longer an option.
Dress for the weather. When you are working out in the winter, especially if you are exercising outdoors, keep yourself out of the cold in warm layers (层). 38 Make sure the top layer keeps out the snow and rain. If you plan to exercise outside in the dark or in bad weather, where visibility is poorer, wear bright and reflective clothing for safety.
Change up your workout. 39 Doing the same type of training can be demotivating. Those who vary their workout routines are 20% likelier to enjoy the exercise session. Switching up your routine can give you a boost of motivation, and help keep winter workouts fun and enjoyable.
40 Using phone apps, or a fitbit, or even going low tech and marking your calendar in red pen can help you visualize how you’ve progressed thus far. Finding a system that lets you track your exercise achievements can give you the extra push to get you going when the going gets hard.
New Year’s resolutions are a great opportunity to start an exercise routine. Sure working out during the winter may be an uphill battle, but there are strategies to get us over the hill, and onto a healthier, happier new year.
A．Track your training.
B．Variety is important to enjoy exercise.
C．You can make your workouts enjoyable.
D．Your layers should be, not just warm, but dry.
E．Use an app to remind you of an exercise routine.
F．Winter workouts give us energy to get through winter’s cold days.
G．One way to stay motivated during winter is to work out with a group or a partner.
【答案】36．F 37．G 38．D 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让人在冬季保持锻炼的动力的方法。
36．根据前文“Winter is one of the most magical times of the year to get moving.（冬天是一年中最适合运动的季节之一。）”可知，前文提到冬季适合运动，F项“Winter workouts give us energy to get through winter’s cold days.（冬季锻炼给我们能量来度过冬天的寒冷日子。）”符合语境，承接前文解释原因。故选F。
37．根据前文“Work out with a group.（和一群人一起锻炼。）”可知，本段介绍和一群人锻炼，G项“One way to stay motivated during winter is to work out with a group or a partner.（在冬天保持动力的一个方法是和一群人或一个伙伴一起锻炼。）”符合语境，后文的“This”指代其中的“to work out with a group or a partner”。故选G。
38．根据前文“When you are working out in the winter, especially if you are exercising outdoors, keep yourself out of the cold in warm layers (层).（当你在冬天锻炼的时候，尤其是在户外锻炼的时候，穿上保暖的衣服御寒。）”和后文“Make sure the top layer keeps out the snow and rain.（确保最外面的一层衣服能挡住雪和雨。）”可知，此处讨论冬季锻炼的穿衣，衣物要具备特定的功能，D项“Your layers should be, not just warm, but dry.（你的衣服不仅要保暖，还要干燥。）”符合语境，其中的“warm”和前文的“warm layers”呼应，“dry”和后文的“keeps out the snow and rain”呼应，说明另一个功能。故选D。
39．根据后文“Doing the same type of training can be demotivating.（做同样的训练可能会让人失去动力。）”可知，此处解释重复做同样的训练的坏处，B项“Variety is important to enjoy exercise.（多样化对于享受运动很重要。）”符合语境，其中的“Variety”和前文的“Change up”呼应，强调做不同运动的好处。。故选B。
40．空处位于段首，需统领段落内容，且和前文其他段落首句同样使用祈使句。根据后文“Using phone apps, or a fitbit, or even going low tech and marking your calendar in red pen can help you visualize how you’ve progressed thus far.（使用手机应用程序，或者手环，甚至是低技术含量的东西，用红笔在日历上做标记，都能帮助你可视化到目前为止的进展情况。）”可知，本段介绍要了解运动的进展，空处会简洁地说明这一点。A项“Track your training.（跟踪你的训练。）”符合语境，其中的“Track”和后文的“track”呼应。故选A。
Passage 9
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It’s commonly thought that people get into bad financial situations because of poor decision-making skills. 41 In fact, several studies over the last decade have demonstrated that the cause and effect may be more complex than is widely believed.
42 Scientists first asked the study participants a series of questions that made them think about their personal income and savings. They were then asked to solve a number of puzzles. Those in better financial situations performed better at solving the puzzles than those in financial trouble. However, when the test was repeated without making the participants think about their own finances, the differences in performance between the rich and poor disappeared. 43
In a separate study conducted in 2018 at the University of Texas, the brains of more than 300 people aged between 20 and 89 were scanned and analyzed for signs of good cognitive function. Among those aged between 35 and 64, it was found that those with better financial situations had healthier brains, including characteristics linked to having a better memory and a lower risk of dementia when elderly. However, in younger adults (those aged 20 to 34), there did not seem to be any connection between wealth and brain health. 44
It’s not difficult to guess why poverty might have these effects. People who live in poorer conditions often have difficulty affording healthy food. 45 And always worrying about having enough money to pay rent or put food on the table puts constant demands on the brain, leaving less processing power available for critical thinking. Indeed, it could be said that poverty is a vicious cycle, keeping people trapped by taking away their best means of escape-their ability to make smart decisions.
A．But is poverty really caused by poor thinking?
B．Unwise decisions people make, to a greater degree, contribute to tight budgets.
C．They are more affected by negative environmental elements such as pollution.
D．Taken together, these results indicate that long-term poverty only gradually causes wear and tear on the brain.
E．Therefore, the scientists concluded that poor thinking plays a major part in one’s future financial condition.
F．This suggested that the distraction of worrying about their bad finances made the poor people perform worse than those with no financial worries.
G．One study in the journal Science in 2013 showed that people’s abilities to solve problems can be significantly affected by their current financial situation.
【答案】41．A 42．G 43．F 44．D 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了人们陷入糟糕的财务状况是否真的是因为糟糕的决策能力，并且分析了贫困给人们带来的不好的影响。
41．根据空前内容“It’s commonly thought that people get into bad financial situations because of poor decision-making skills.(人们普遍认为，人们陷入糟糕的财务状况是因为糟糕的决策能力)”可知，上文提到的是人们陷入糟糕的财务状况是因为糟糕的决策能力。而下文“In fact, several studies over the last decade have demonstrated that the cause and effect may be more complex than is widely believed.(事实上，过去十年的几项研究表明，因果关系可能比人们普遍认为的要复杂得多)”则认为答案不是那么简单。选项A“But is poverty really caused by poor thinking?(但是，贫穷真的是由糟糕的思维造成的吗？)”对上文观点提出质疑，同时引出下文，也就是本文的主题——人们陷入糟糕的财务状况的原因很复杂。故选A。
42．根据下文“Scientists first asked the study participants a series of questions that made them think about their personal income and savings. They were then asked to solve a number of puzzles.(科学家首先向研究参与者提出了一系列问题，让他们思考自己的个人收入和储蓄。然后他们被要求解决一些谜题)”可知，科学家们进行了一个实验，想弄清楚个人经济状况和解决谜题之间是否有联系。选项G“One study in the journal Science in 2013 showed that people’s abilities to solve problems can be significantly affected by their current financial situation.(2013年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，人们解决问题的能力可能会受到当前经济状况的显著影响)”与下文内容一致，故选G。
43．根据上文内容“Those in better financial situations performed better at solving the puzzles than those in financial trouble. However, when the test was repeated without making the participants think about their own finances, the differences in performance between the rich and poor disappeared.(那些财务状况较好的人比那些财务困难的人在解决谜题方面表现得更好。然而，当在不让参与者考虑自己财务状况的情况下重复测试时，富人和穷人之间的表现差异就消失了)”可知，根据研究结果，我们可以推断人们解决问题的能力会受到自己经济状况的影响。选项F“This suggested that the distraction of worrying about their bad finances made the poor people perform worse than those with no financial worries.(这表明，担心自己糟糕的财务状况会使穷人的表现比那些没有财务问题的人更差)”是上文研究的总结，符合上文内容。故选F。
44．根据上文内容“In a separate study conducted in 2018 at the University of Texas, the brains of more than 300 people aged between 20 and 89 were scanned and analyzed for signs of good cognitive function. Among those aged between 35 and 64, it was found that those with better financial situations had healthier brains, including characteristics linked to having a better memory and a lower risk of dementia when elderly. However, in younger adults (those aged 20 to 34), there did not seem to be any connection between wealth and brain health.(在2018年德克萨斯大学进行的另一项研究中，对300多名年龄在20岁至89岁之间的人的大脑进行了扫描和分析，以寻找良好认知功能的迹象。研究发现，在35岁至64岁的人群中，经济状况较好的人大脑更健康，包括记忆力更好、老年痴呆症风险更低等特征。然而，在年轻人(年龄在20到34岁之间)中，财富和大脑健康之间似乎没有任何联系)”可知，研究人员进行了研究，以探究贫困和大脑健康之间的联系。选项D“Taken together, these results indicate that long-term poverty only gradually causes wear and tear on the brain.(综上所述，这些结果表明长期贫困只会逐渐导致大脑的磨损)”是上文研究结果的总结，该研究表明，长期贫困会对大脑无益。故选D。
45．根据段首句“It’s not difficult to guess why poverty might have these effects.(难猜测为什么贫穷会产生这些影响)”可知，本段分析了贫困为什么会有这些不好的影响。选项C“They are more affected by negative environmental elements such as pollution.(他们更容易受到污染等负面环境因素的影响)”指的正是贫困给人们带来的不好的影响，与空前“People who live in poorer conditions often have difficulty affording healthy food.(生活条件较差的人往往难以负担得起健康食品)”以及空后“And always worrying about having enough money to pay rent or put food on the table puts constant demands on the brain, leaving less processing power available for critical thinking.(总是担心是否有足够的钱支付房租或把食物放在桌子上，这对大脑提出了不断的要求，从而减少了批判性思维的处理能力)”内容上保持一致。故选C。
Passage 10
（2023·河南·校联考三模）Keeping a schedule for your day will help you manage your time more efficiently. 46 Scheduling your day allows you to self- regulate and track your own behavior by keeping records of what you need to do and have done.
Obtain a calendar or planner. Make sure the calendar has appropriate space for you to list your tasks. Some calendars offer weekly, daily, or hourly planners. A notebook can also be used. Choose whatever best suits your wants and needs. Whatever you choose, commit to your choice. Do not try to have one planner for work, one for school, etc. 47
Organize your tasks. Electronic calendars allow you to mark tasks in different colors. For example, you can color work-related things red, school-related things blue, housework green, vacations orange, and exercise pink. 48 Simply use colored pens or pencils or highlighters. Once you’ve differentiated the different types of tasks you need to schedule, you can work to prioritize them.
Schedule a time for each task. 49 For example, you may have scheduled time in a given day to study (2 hours), work out (1 hour), write two emails (30 minutes), and walk the dog (30 minutes). It’s key to allow you the necessary amount of time to complete each task; you’ll only stress yourself out if you schedule yourself too tightly and aren’t realistic about the amount of time things take.
50 Keep some free space at the bottom of your schedule for low-priority things coming up later in the week. If you have time today or at any other point during your week, you can begin working on those items to get ahead. These additional tasks might include going through your closet or organizing your tax filing system at home.
A．Mark your prioritized tasks.
B．Leave space in your schedule.
C．Everything should be in one place.
D．Write how long you expect to spend on each task.
E．You can get more done and are less likely to forget tasks.
F．Most people generally underestimate the amount of time tasks take.
G．You can also do this easily if you’re using a paper calendar or notebook.
【答案】46．E 47．C 48．G 49．D 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些充分利用学习时间的建议。
46．根据前文“Keeping a schedule for your day will help you manage your time more efficiently.( 每天制定一个时间表将帮助你更有效地管理你的时间)”可知，制定一个时间表，你会更有效地管理时间，你就可以做得更多，也不太可能忘记任务或分心。因此推断E项“你可以做得更多的工作，也不太可能忘记任务”符合文意，故选E。
47．前文“Whatever you choose, commit to your choice. Do not try to have one planner for work, one for school, etc.( 无论你选择什么，都要坚持你的选择。不要试图为工作制定一个计划，为学习制定一个计划，等等)”讲述制定一个计划，不要制定过多的计划，因此推断C项“所有东西都应该放在一个地方”符合语境，进一步解释要制定一个计划表，讲所有计划都放在上面。故选C。
48．前文“Electronic calendars allow you to mark tasks in different colors. For example, you can color work-related things red, school-related things blue, housework green, vacations orange, and exercise pink.( 电子日历让你用不同的颜色标记任务。例如，你可以把与工作有关的东西涂成红色，把与学校有关的东西涂成蓝色，把家务涂成绿色，把假期涂成橙色，把锻炼涂成粉红色。)”讲述在电子日历上使用不同颜色标记不同任务，下文“Simply use colored pens or pencils or highlighters.( 简单地使用彩色钢笔、铅笔或荧光笔)”讲述了另一种标记方式，因此推断空处提到了另一种记录方式，因此推断G项“如果你使用纸质日历或笔记本，你也可以很容易地做到这一点”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
49．根据首句“Schedule a time for each task.( 为每项任务安排一个时间)”可知，本段讲述时间安排，下文“For example, you may have scheduled time in a given day to study (2 hours), work out (1 hour), write two emails (30 minutes), and walk the dog (30 minutes).(例如，你可以在一天中安排时间学习(2小时)，锻炼(1小时)，写两封邮件(30分钟)，遛狗(30分钟)。)”举例说明如何安排时间，每项任务花费多长时间，因此推断D项“写下你预计在每项任务上花费的时间”符合语境，开启下文。故选D。
50．空处是段落主旨。根据下文“Keep some free space at the bottom of your schedule for low-priority things coming up later in the week. If you have time today or at any other point during your week，you can begin working on those items to get ahead. These additional tasks might include going through your closet or organizing your tax filing system at home.(在你的日程表底部留一些空闲的空间来处理本周晚些时候不重要的事情。如果你今天或这周的其他时间有时间，你可以开始做这些事情来取得进展。这些额外的任务可能包括整理你的衣柜或在家里整理你的税务申报系统。)”可知，本段建议在你的计划表上留出空间记录其他不太重要的事情，因此推断B项“在你的日程安排中留下空间”为最佳标题。故选B。