2022高三高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编：专题08阅读理解七选五

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专题08阅读理解七选五
一、2022年高考真题
1. （2022年全国甲卷）
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【语篇导读】 本文介绍了不同国家的餐桌礼仪。
36.【答案】D
【解析】根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
37.【答案】F
【解析】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
38.【答案】C
【解析】根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
39.【答案】G
【解析】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
40.【答案】B
【解析】根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
2. （2022年全国乙卷）
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy（共情）
38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don't rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了如何维持和呵护维持异地友谊。
【答案及解析】
36. D【解析】根据前面With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.在繁忙的日程中，挤时间打电话可能是一个挑战。可知，此空与时间有关，故D项 试着找到一个适合你们两个人的时间并坚持下去，与其意义相符，故选D。
37. E【解析】根据前面一句Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.确保你已经与你的朋友已经沟通过关于你们每个人希望被联系的频率，以及什么方法对你们双方都最有效。可知，E项Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication朋友们需要说出他们喜欢的交流方式，与互为解释关系，故故E。
38. G 【解析】 根据小标题Practise empathy 做到共情，和后面一句The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. 留下来的朋友需要敏感地认识到对搬家的朋友提出的所有额外时间要求。可知，G项You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind你可能是那个离开的朋友，也可能是那个被留下的人，与上下文其意义相符，故选G。
39. A【解析】 根据设空位置可知，此处为主旨大意题，第二句是对此空的解释说明。
本段主要介绍Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. 在远距离的友谊中，纪念日和生日的分量甚至更重。Anniversaries 和 birthdays都是重要的日期，故A项记住重要的日期符合段意，故选A。
40. F【解析】根据后面一句but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. 但远距离的友谊--即使是亲密的友谊--可能需要更多有意识的努力来维持。可知，前句与其构成转折关系，故F项It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media通过社交媒体很容易有一种联系的感觉，与上下文其意义相符，故选F。
3. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “__36___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
35. 【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“You’ll … if”的结构，根据句式一致的原则，可优先看选项C。在根据句意，C选项正是另一个理由，所以选择项C “You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
36. 【答案】D
【解析】根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”，根据关键信息“Or”以及“or”后面的问句，可确定空格处应该也是一个类似结构的问句，可确定答案在DE中。根据内容，空格处应该填写反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
37. 【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，选择的伙伴应该是同一个地区的，或者离的比较近。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
39.【答案】E
【解析】根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”中的“notice”以及“such information”符合上下文语境。故选G。
40.【答案】A
【解析】 根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，“different skills”和“both of you will benefit”暗示要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
4.（2022年1月浙江卷）
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
11. 【答案】F
【解析】上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
12. 【答案】D
【解析】根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
14. 【答案】B
【解析】空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
15. 【答案】G
【解析】下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
二、2022届模拟题
Passage 1（2022·湖南湘潭·三模）
How to Respond when Someone Judges You
Dealing with judgment from other people can be tough, especially when it’s coming from a friend, family member, or colleague. Judgmental people are unavoidable, but you can easily deal with their criticism using positivity and compassion.
Rid yourself of the judgment. Remember that a judgmental person’s words are a reflection of their own beliefs-and not yours. Critical people criticize themselves more than anyone else. ____1____.
Be sympathetic. Practice sympathy to understand the source of this person’s judgment. It could be that they were judged by parents, family, or friends, in which case this person’s critical attitude would be something they learned(and not necessarily intentional). While that doesn’t excuse their behavior, having sympathy can inform your response. Say things like “____2____,” or “I see where you’re coming from, but…” when you respond to someone’s judgment.
Ask for clarification. ____3____. Ask this person to explain what they said, and find out their motivation for saying it. You could ask then, “What are you trying to say? If you have constructive criticism, I’m open to hearing it.” That way, you’re giving the other person a gentle reminder to phrase their words constructively.
____4____. Be polite but firm when you call out judgmental people. If somebody crosses a line and makes you feel criticized, tell them how you feel. If someone is giving you criticism you didn’t ask for, you could say, “____5____, and I have a plan that works for me.”
A．Stop talking like this
B．Set boundaries in the conversation
C．I understand why you feel that way
D．I feel like I need to deal with this in my way
E．I know you want to talk but this is a sensitive subject for me
F．Judgmental people may not know they’re being rude or unreasonable
G．So the judgment they pass isn’t actually about you, though it can feel personal
【解析】这是一篇说明文。处理来自他人的判断可能会很困难，尤其是来自朋友、家人或同事的判断。爱评头论足的人是不可避免的，但你可以用积极的态度和同情心轻松地应对他们的批评。文章主要说明了一些应对他人批评的方法。
1．【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“Rid yourself of the judgment. Remember that a judgmental person’s words are a reflection of their own beliefs-and not yours. Critical people criticize themselves more than anyone else.”可知，上文提到“爱批评的人批评自己多于批评别人”，故本句与上文构成因果关系，指出爱批评的人实际上针对的是谁，故G选项“所以他们的评判实际上不是针对你的，尽管它可能会让人觉得是针对你的”符合语境，故选G。
2．【答案】C
【解析】根据上文“While that doesn’t excuse their behavior, having sympathy can inform your response.(虽然这不能成为他们行为的借口，但同情可以让你的反应更有意义)”以及后文“I see where you’re coming from, but…(我明白你的意思，但是……)”可知，本句是在列举表达同情的话语，故C选项“我理解你为什么这么想”符合语境，故选C。
3．【答案】F
【解析】根据后文“Ask this person to explain what they said, and find out their motivation for saying it. You could ask then, “What are you trying to say? If you have constructive criticism, I’m open to hearing it.” That way, you’re giving the other person a gentle reminder to phrase their words constructively.(请这个人解释他们说了什么，并找出他们这么说的动机。你可以问：“你想说什么？如果你有建设性的批评意见，我愿意听取。”这样，你就给了对方一个温和的提醒，让他们用建设性的方式来表达)”可知，后文主要说明了通过建设性的方式来表达给对方的提醒，说明爱评头论足的人要靠他人来提醒自己的无礼。故F选项“爱评头论足的人可能不知道自己很粗鲁或不讲理”符合语境，故选F。
4．【答案】B
【解析】根据后文“Be polite but firm when you call out judgmental people. If somebody crosses a line and makes you feel criticized, tell them how you feel.”可知，后文列举的情景说明在对话中要设定一些界限，B选项中boundaries对应后文中line。故B选项“在对话中设定界限”符合语境，故选B。
5．【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“If someone is giving you criticism you didn’t ask for, you could say(如果有人在你没有要求的情况下批评你，你可以说)”以及后文“and I have a plan that works for me.(我有一个适合我的计划)”可知，本句是在列举对待别人批评的话语，结合后文可知与自我处理事情的方式有关，故D选项“我觉得我需要用我自己的方式来处理这件事”符合语境，故选D。
Passage 2（2022·四川·石室中学模拟预测）
Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? ____6____. When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.
What is being true to yourself?
Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings. ____7____, then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play. Or if there’s a game that your friends are doing that you don’t enjoy, then being true to yourself might mean doing something else instead. Being true to yourself is when your actions match how you really feel.
____8____
When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards, a children’s life coach said, “Children need to be aware of who they are. If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people. ____9____, and they will have healthy self-esteem.” Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.
How can I be true to myself?
____10____, and being ok with saying no. Richards explains, “You can be true to yourself by learning how to say ‘no’ and sticking by your beliefs.” However, she adds that being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need.
A．If you’re free and have nothing to do
B．All of us feel pressure to fit in at times
C．When do you need to be true to yourself?
D．Why is it important to be true to yourself?
E．If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book
F．They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong
G．One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了什么是忠于内心，其重要性，以及如何忠于内心。
6．【答案】B
【解析】根据上文“Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? ”（你曾经做过一件你不想做的事，只是因为别人在做?）和下文“When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.”可知，空处讲的是我们有时候会迫于压力做事情。B. All of us feel pressure to fit in at times. （我们每个人都有适应的压力。）承上启下，故选B。
7．【答案】E
【解析】根据下文“then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play.”可知，此空讲的是不想和朋友玩游戏，E. If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book（如果你想一个人呆会儿，放松一下或者读本书）引起下文，符合段意，故选E。
8．【答案】D
【解析】根据下文“When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. ”可知，本段主要讲述对自己诚实的重要性。D. Why is it important to be true to yourself? （为什么对自己诚实很重要?）符合本段主旨，故选D。
9．【答案】F
【解析】根据上文“If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people.”可知，下文讲的是孩子的自我意识强。 F. They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong（他们不会受影响去做他们知道是错的事情）承接上文文意，故选F。
10．【答案】G
【解析】根据小标题“How can I be true to myself?”可知，本段主要意思是对自己诚实。根据下文“and being ok with saying no.”（也不介意拒绝别人。）可知，此空讲的是对自己诚实的方法。G.One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people（对自己真实的一部分是你对别人说话的方式）承上启下，故选G。
Passage 3（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）
We all know at least one person shows confidence and grace (优雅) without working at it. ____11____, make sure to avoid the following common body-language errors.
Slouching (佝背)
Slouching is a huge no-no. ____12____. It may be caused by our habit of sitting in front of computers for long periods, but as soon as you get up from your chair, it’s time to straighten out that back. Try squaring out your chest slightly while keeping your shoulders back.
Weak Handshaking
It’s programmed in our. minds to consider somebody with a weak handshake as untrustworthy. Unfortunately, there’s no way around it—you either have a firm handshake and appear trustworthy or you don’t. It’s not a good idea to have a crushing (太用力的) handshake, either. ____13____
Rolling Your Eyes
This is the classic way of showing discomfort or anger. ____14____, but your partner will definitely feel offended by your way of letting them know what they said isn’t worth a second thought.
Leaning (倾斜) Back
____15____. It shows that you’re not threatening. However, there’s a fine line between leaning back right and leaning back wrong. If done incorrectly, you’ll appear to be uninterested in what your partner has to say. It’s better to play it safe and keep a straight back.
A．So try to stand straight
B．If you want your body to make the same impression
C．Sitting backward a bit can be good for your conversation
D．All cultures are different in terms of proper social conduct
E．But it’s one of the most commonly made body- language errors
F．It can feel good to respond to a silly statement by rolling your eyes
G．You can respond with similar amount of pressure that your shaking partner gives
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一些错误的肢体语言和纠正方法。
11．【答案】B
【解析】空格前说“We all know at least one person shows confidence and grace (优雅) without working at it.(我们都知道，至少有一个人不用努力就能表现出自信和优雅)”，空格后说“make sure to avoid the following common body-language errors.(一定要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误)”，这说明空格处应说如果你也想像人家那样就按照下面的做，B选项承上启下，说明如果想让自己也和别人一样优雅就要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误，因此B选项符合语境。故选B。
12．【答案】E
【解析】空格前说“Slouching is a huge no-no.(佝背是绝对不可以的)”，空格后说“It may be caused by our habit of sitting in front of computers for long periods, but as soon as you get up from your chair, it’s time to straighten out that back.(这可能是由于我们长时间坐在电脑前的习惯造成的，但一旦你从椅子上站起来，就该把背部拉直了)”，空格处应说明佝背非常常见，接下来空格后解释原因，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
13．【答案】G
【解析】空格前说“It’s not a good idea to have a crushing (太用力的) handshake, either.(握手时用力过猛也不是个好主意)”，空格处应说正确的握手应该是怎么做，G选项说明了握手的正确的力度，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
14．【答案】FC
【解析】本段主题句是“Rolling Your Eyes(翻白眼)”，空格后说“but your partner will definitely feel offended by your way of letting them know what they said isn’t worth a second thought.(但你的同伴肯定会因为你让他们知道他们说的话不值得再想而感到被冒犯)”，but表转折，因此空格处要说的是和“feel offended”相反的内容，F选项表示的内容和空格后的相反，翻白眼只是让自己感觉好，但是却给他人会有不好的感觉，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
15．【答案】
【解析】空格后说“It shows that you’re not threatening.(这表明你没有威胁性)”，因此空格处应提到一种让你看起来不那么有威胁性的动作，C选项描述的往后坐的动作会让人看起来不那么有威胁性，且其中的“Sitting backward”和小标题的“Leaning (倾斜) Back”相呼应，因此C选项引起下文，符合语境。故选C。
Passage 4（2022·贵州·一模）
If you’re a chronic procrastinator (慢性拖延者), you’re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you’re probably having trouble getting started in the first place! ____16____.
Start your day with the hardest tasks. Make yourself a plan in the morning and pick the hardest task first. You’ll be most energized in the morning once you’ve eaten breakfast and woken up fully. ____17____. You’ll feel better once it’s done, and then you can move on to a few easier tasks for the rest of the day.
____18____. It can be astonishing to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week’s worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big barrier, break it all down into tiny pieces. You’ll be able to get started on the smallest crumb and go forward from there.
Tackle your most important task for 15 minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you’re about to work for, just start. ____19____. This will deal with the fear factor, and you'll likely spend much longer than 15 minutes on your task before you stop working again.
Promise yourself you’ll get a reward when it’s done. You’re probably scared of the next however many hours you need to finish this task. Just tell yourself that when it’s over, you get to celebrate with one of your favorite things. ____20____
A．Write a to-do list to set goals first.
B．Break tasks down into small parts.
C．There are several ways that can help you.
D．Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating.
E．Tell yourself you’ve only got to do it for 15 minutes.
F．Handle your hardest thing on your schedule right then.
G．Use that expectation to push yourself through the pain.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助克服拖延症的方法。
16．【答案】C
【解析】根据上文“If you’re a chronic procrastinator (慢性拖延者), you’re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you’re probably having trouble getting started in the first place! (如果你是一个慢性拖延症患者，你很熟悉把事情拖到最后一分钟所带来的痛苦和压力。即使你想完成或完成一项任务，你可能一开始就有困难！)”和下文提到的具体解决方法可知，空处承上启下，说明有办法可以帮助克服拖延症。C项符合语境。故选C。
17．【答案】F
【解析】根据段落主题句“Start your day with the hardest tasks.( 从最难的任务开始你的一天。)”可知，本段建议的方法是先做最难的任务，F项中的“hardest thing”和主题句中的“the hardest tasks ”对应。F项符合语境。故选F。
18．【答案】B
【解析】空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big barrier, break it all down into tiny pieces”可知，本段主要介绍的方法是把大的任务分解成小任务，B项中的“small parts”和下文“tiny pieces”对应。B项：Break tasks down into small parts.(把任务分解成小的部分。)符合语境。故选B。
19．【答案】E
【解析】根据段落主题句“Tackle your most important task for 15 minutes.( 用15分钟解决你最重要的任务。)”可知，本段介绍的方法是限制时间，E项中的“for 15 minutes.”与主题句对应。E项符合语境。故选E。
20．【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“Just tell yourself that when it’s over, you get to celebrate with one of your favorite things.”可知，空处承接上文，说明要用好的期望来激励自己。G项符合语境。故选G。
Passage 5（2022·江苏南通·二模）
Tea is currently the world's most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese.___21___ And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their “Cup of tea?”
While we know that tea drink started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. Following his discovery, tea was used as medicine, included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen. ___22___
___23___ over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China's rich culture. The great Tang poet Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language. Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea, which remains the earliest and most famous detailed study on tea in the world.
It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world.___24___ Porters carrying back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes, to trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses: ___25___ As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea was shipped to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders.
A．So, how did tea originate in China?
B．But how was tea introduced overseas?
C．Tea became the main theme in ancient poems,
D．The love of tea inspired many people to write about it,
E．Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa.
F．Eventually, it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people.
G．Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, the Tea Horse Road was born.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了茶叶的起源及饮茶的历史。
21．【答案】A
【解析】根据前句“However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese.(然而，曾经有一段时间，只有中国人知道茶)”以及后句“And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their “Cup of tea?” ”中的并列连词“and”后有疑问句，所以此处应该也要填疑问句；根据句意可知，此处应该意指“茶的起源”。A项符合文意。故选A项。
22．【答案】F
【解析】本段主要在讲述关于茶的起源的一些传说和历史，根据前句“Following his discovery, tea was used as medicine, included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen.”可知，此处在讲述刚开始茶是作为官员贵族的饮品，之后饮茶的习惯和文化传播到了普通百姓中。F项符合文意。故选F项。
23．【答案】D
【解析】根据后文“Over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China’s rich culture. The great Tang poet Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language. Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea, which remains the earliest and most famous detailed study on tea in the world.”可知，该段落主要在讲述许多名人学了许多有关茶的文章诗词。D项符合文意。故选D项。
24．【答案】G
【解析】根据后文“Porters carrying back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes, to trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses(搬运工背着沉重的茶砖，穿过危险的雪山关口，用四川和云南的茶叶交换马匹)”可知，该段落主要在讲述茶叶作为重要贸易物资，帮助朝廷和边民交换马匹。因此，促成了丝绸之路的诞生。G项符合文意。故选G项。
25．【答案】E
【解析】根据后文“As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea was shipped to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders.(早在唐代，日本僧人就来中国学习，回国时带着茶籽和泡茶习俗。 大约在17世纪，葡萄牙和荷兰的海上商人将茶叶从中国运往欧洲)”可知，此处讲述了茶叶传播到了国外。E项符合文意。故选E项。
Passage 6（2022·北京顺义·二模）
When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”____26____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning.____27____
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.____28____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it.____29____ On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
____30____ Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A．In nature, everything gets recycled.
B．To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).
E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中吸取灵感，以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题。
26．【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?””和下文“Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part.(非洲的白蚁通过在其巢穴顶部有厚壁和空气空间来控制温度和气流)”可知，上文提出遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物，下文则提到了非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。由此推知，空处内容应与建筑和蚂蚁相关。D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚂蚁的聚居地”符合题意，开启下文，ants呼应下文termites。故选D。
27．【答案】F
【解析】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning. (津巴布韦哈拉雷的Eastgate中心也采用了类似的设计方法，厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户，所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱，让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽)”可知，这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于炎热地带的城市。由此推知，空处继续陈述这种设计的应用。F项符合题意，also表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。
28．【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. (工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题)”推知，空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪音”符合题意，problem是关键词，选项中的his指代Nakatsu。故选G。
29．【答案】A
【解析】根据下文“On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. ”中的on the other hand推知，空处内容与下文形成对照，即空处陈述环保的一方面。A项符合题意。故选A。
30．【答案】B
【解析】根据下文“Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking. ”可知，Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触自然，这样就可以熟悉自然，并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项“要模仿自然，我们必须熟悉它”符合题意，nature是关键词。故选B。
Passage 7（2022·广东佛山·二模）
Understanding Your Feelings Helps You Name And Tame (驯服) Them
We all experience various feelings all the time. Some of them feel great, some feel unpleasant, and it’s helpful to be able to recognize and understand how you’re feeling so you know how to deal with it.
____31____ They can include anger, sadness, worry, loneliness and shame, as well as surprise, happiness, courage and hope, among many others.____32____ All feelings are there to be felt and some can be more uncomfortable than others. It’s OK and natural to experience different emotions – and that includes emotions that might not feel nice.
To deal with your feelings you need to recognize what they are. ____33____ Are your fists clenched (攥紧)? Does it seem like there’s a knot in your stomach? Next, pay attention to what you’re thinking at this time. ____34____ Or are you thinking that you really don’t want to do something? Once you have identified how you’re feeling, you can label it by saying, for example, “I’m feeling angry” or “I’m feeling lonely” .
You can understand a difficult feeling and help yourselfto handle it. ____35____ If you’re upset about a difficult feeling, like “I’m feeling angry”, you might count to ten to calm down. Perhaps you notice “I’m feeling nervous”, and you might talk to someone about it. The person you talk to may be able to give you reassurance, more information, a different point of view, or even help you take action to deal with the cause of your difficult feeling.
A．Experts call this “name it to tame it” .
B．How can you deal with different feelings?
C．Perhaps you have the thought, “It’s not fair” .
D．Feelings are how people experience emotions.
E．First of all, notice what’s going on with your body.
F．They are shown through various body movements, to begin with.
G．Feelings are sometimes labelled as good or bad but that isn’t helpful.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是处理不太好的感觉的办法。
31．【答案】D
【解析】空格后说“They can include anger, sadness, worry, loneliness and shame, as well as surprise, happiness, courage and hope, among many others.”，空格处应引出各种各样的感觉，D选项“Feelings are how people experience emotions.(感觉是人们体验情绪的方式。)”引出了什么是感觉，后文对其作具体说明，因此D选项引起下文，符合语境，故选D。
32．【答案】G
【解析】空格后说“All feelings are there to be felt and some can be more uncomfortable than others.(所有的感觉都可以被感受到，有些感觉可能比其他感觉更不舒服。)”，说明感觉不分好坏，G选项说明不能简单地说感觉是好或坏，和空后内容呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
33．【答案】E
【解析】由后文的“Next, pay attention to what you’re thinking at this time.(接下来，注意这个时候你在想什么。)”可知，空格处应说“首先该干什么”，E选项“First of all, notice what’s going on with your body.(首先，注意你的身体状况。)”说明了首先要干什么。且其中的“what’s going on with your body(你的身体状况)”和空格后的“Are your fists clenched (攥紧)? Does it seem like there’s a knot in your stomach?(你握紧拳头了吗？你的胃好像有点难受吗？)”相呼应，空后就是说的身体的情况，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
34．【答案】C
【解析】空格前说“Next, pay attention to what you’re thinking at this time.(接下来，注意这个时候你在想什么。)”，因此空格处应提到你可能的想法，C选项说明了你的可能的想法，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
35．【答案】A
【解析】空格后说“If you’re upset about a difficult feeling, like “I’m feeling angry”, you might count to ten to calm down. Perhaps you notice “I’m feeling nervous”, and you might talk to someone about it.(如果你因为一种困难的感觉而难过，比如“我很生气”，你可能会数到十来冷静下来。也许你注意到“我感到紧张”，你可能会和别人谈论这件事。)”，因此这里是在说人如何处理这些感觉，A选项说明了人会识别出感觉，并想办法解决它，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
Passage 8（2022·广东广州·一模）
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____36____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____37_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____38_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____39____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.   ____40____
A．You also learn what you’re good at.
B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
36．【答案】F
【解析】根据上一句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time.”和下文“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. （它们也可以是任何其他有用的东西，例如信息、建议或您自己的经验。）”上文提到可以使用拥有的任何资源，下文提到“也可以是其他有用的东西”可知，设空处需要第一次例举这些有用的东西。结合选项可知，选项F承上启下，符合题意；此处they和空后they指代相同。故选F。
37．【答案】E
【解析】挖空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.”主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。
38．【答案】A
【解析】该段首句说的是“being resourceful”会对你有好处，前面两句“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”具体列举了“being resourceful”带来的好处，A选项契合下一句“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.这能提高自尊心。这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。
39．【答案】G
【解析】该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.(接下来，想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题)”讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项填到此处最合适。故选G。
40．【答案】D
【解析】上一句“And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.(记住，如果你有一个棘手的问题，你无法解决，然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助)”表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项与上文意义一致。故填D。