高考英语概要写作专项训练

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项训练，共18页。试卷主要包含了Summary，Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。

概要写作
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Gold has exercised power for ages. People have been looking for gold since the beginning of mankind Whole (帝国) have been built on gold. The Spanish conquered all of Central and South America in order to bring gold back to their home country. Inca and Maya civilizations worshipped gold and thought it came from the sun. Explorers traveled for thousands of miles in search of the precious metal.
Gold is, once again, in great need, people want to have gold as a kind of safety in changing times. They invest in (投资于) gold instead of saving their money in banks. Many people argue that since 9/11 the world has become a more dangerous place. When in 2008 the financial markets collapsed (崩溃), the major money of the world became weaker. Investors were no longer sure how safe their money was. They bought more and more gold which made the price of the yellow metal rise.
One of the reasons why gold is so valuable is that it practically cannot be destroyed. It always stays the same and never changes. It can be recycled and afterwards be used for many things. In Iraq poor people collect gold dust and bring it back to jewellery shops to be recycled. Recycling gold is also a big business in Japan, where gold is collected from old mobile phones and other industrial waste.
The demand for the metal and increased production leads to a number of environmental problems. A single ounce of gold produces over 30 tons of waste, more than any other metal on earth. Poisonous substances can leak into rivers and pollute the water. In Peru and Brazil wide areas of the Amazon rainforest are cut down by the illegal mining of gold.
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2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
France has become the first country to ban supermarkets from throwing away unsold food. The new law, which was passed, requires supermarkets to donate unsold food to charities and food banks. If supermarkets do not obey the law, they face a $4,000 fine. Each year, France throws away about 7 million tons of food. That is one-fifth of the amount of food bought each year. Along with individual consumers, restaurants and stores add to the food waste.
Other European countries are also making efforts to reduce food waste. In Denmark, a new “waste” supermarket has opened, where customers can buy leftover food at cheaper prices.
Arash Derambarsh is a municipal councilor (市议员) in Paris. He started a petition (请愿书）to the French parliament to adopt the supermarket food waste law. “The situation is very simple,” he said. “On the one hand, we have supermarkets that throw away kilos of unsold food every day. On the other, we have millions of poor people in France.”
Derambarsh published a book called Manifesto Against Waste. In the book, he wrote about his experience as a poor student barely able to pay for rent. “I was hungry and ashamed of admitting it. I wanted to turn it into a positive experience so others would not end up in this situation.” Derambarsh is now campaigning for the European Union to adopt similar supermarket waste laws. He is urging the United States and other countries to adopt such measures, too.
Some people welcome the new law. Louise Saint-Germain is president of a small non-govemmental organization. She said the increase in donation will allow her group to “feed more people and provide a more diversified food basket.’’ But others are worried the law will lead to more donations than they can handle. Aline Chassagnot manages a Salvation Army store. “We simply don’t have the technical and logistical (后勤的) ability to hand out more food to more people. And we’re not the only ones,” she said.
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3．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is clear that young people are now renting at record rates, yet the appetite to make a house a home remains equally high. While picking out the perfect color for the living room or putting down new carpets might have been important decorative choices for their parents, young people are increasingly finding more temporary solutions to the challenge of making a rental home look fantastic without annoying their landlords.
For some young renters, personalizing a home can come down to affordable, stylish additions. Houseplant sales have increased almost 50% in the US over the last three years, and mass market retailers such as Zara, ASOS and H&M have all recently launched homeware ranges, focusing largely on smaller items like vases, cushions and candles that are easy to be included into an already furnished space.
Some businesses are now even offering to equip homes with pay-per-month furniture, with everything from sofas to houseplants up for rent. This gives landlords the opportunity to attract renters with fashionable decorations rather than old sofas and mismatched furnishings, as well as offering renters the opportunity to personalize their own temporary space.
“I think that in all industries personalized yet accessible, affordable services are very popular,” says Rhiannon Smith, a spokesperson for plant rental company The Plant Library. “People want things to feel good, without having to think too much about it or pay too much for it. I’d expect it’s a section that will be very popular and continue to grow.”
4．阅读正面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Generally, the two most common places for studying are either at home or in the library. Many people prefer to study at home rather than study in a library that is specifically set aside for people who need to study.
One of the major advantages of studying at home is that some people simply learn better when in a comfortable environment. While sitting at a table in an uncomfortable chair found in a library does work for some students, others may find that being on a couch in their own home is better. Libraries may also have a number of other students in them, all trying to use the same resources at the same time. This can make it difficult to use a computer or other public devices, especially near the end of a school term, and someone’s computer easier to use while he or studying at home.
Someone studying at home can also start and stop more easily, especially for breaks to get something to eat or drink. At home, a person may be able to simply walk into the next room and get some food. While studying in a library, however, it is likely that someone would have to pack up his or her study materials and leave the building completely to find something to eat.
However, there are some disadvantages of studying of studying at home. Televisions, movies, music video games, roommates, family, and many more sources of distraction can all be also certain resources that can be found from a library but may not be found at a person’s home. On the contrary, libraries have another purpose besides providing a place for study. Those books re very handy, especially when one is writing term papers. There are hundreds to choose from.
5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。
Robert, an 11-year-old boy, saw something special in a shop window that set his heart racing. But the price-five dollars-was too much for him. Five dollars would be almost a week's expense for his family, so Robert couldn't ask them for the money. However, Robert went inside the shop and asked if the shopkeeper could keep it for him. Luckily, the shopkeeper promised to help.
However, it was hard to find a part-time job for a primary school student like him. After thinking about it for two weeks, Robert decided to make money by collecting and selling plastic bottles. Every day Robert dropped his coins inside a rusty soda tin and hid it in a secret corner. During the summer vacation, Robert kept to his secret task and diligently searched for his secret treasures while other boys were playing. Although he was often exhausted and hungry, the thought of the object in the shop window inspired him. Sometimes his mother would ask him what he was doing, but he always told a white lie, saying he was playing.
After working for almost a whole year, he finally saved enough money. With all the money in his tin can, he said to the shopkeeper excitedly, "I've got enough money."
That day was Mother's Day. The moment he got his gift, he raced home and placed a small box in his mother's wrinkled hand.
It was a jewel box, in which was a heart-shaped necklace with a note "To my dear Mum". The mother picked it up, tears rolling down her face.
All her life she had no jewellery except her wedding ring. Speechless, she smiled and held her son into her arms.
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6．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
You might think that whether you choose a blue shirt or a yellow one to wear to work or college makes no difference to your day and those around you. However, an increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect our mood, our career prospects (前景) and even our health.
The power of color has been used for centuries and we should be making the most of it in our lives. Color affects us to a greater degree than most of us realize. It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood and state of mind, and for various types of treatments when we are ill. Some people ever believe that the blind can benefit from, the “vibrations” (震动) that color gives off.
Companies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their product. For example, purple is seen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety and security. So this could be a particularly good combination. Companies have found certain colors ‘speak’ to specific age groups. They often use red to attract younger people to their products, for example, as it is vibrant and more youthful than colors like gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer.
Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, then wearing navy blue or black is good. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effect.
So think carefully before you leave the house. The colors you choose are a wonderful tool. Are you making the right impression—on yourself and on others?
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7．Summary
Fishing is probably the world’s most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.
Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species.
Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.
Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near –except for the smell of the bait!
Those who disagree with fishing say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.
Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.
8．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The term “helicopter（直升机） parents” is a description of parents who are hovering(盘旋) over their children in a state of extreme concern. They always show up to solve their children’s problems, protect them from real or imagined harm, resolve stressful situations, offer advice and get them out of trouble, even if they behave wrongly. Although out of love and concern, it can have harmful effects on their children’s emotional development and future independence.
Children learn through their mistakes. But if you intervene(干涉，介入) at first sign of struggle and finish your child’s homework, he’ll miss out on valuable learning opportunities.
You’re sending him the message that he needs to be perfect and failure is not an option; otherwise you wouldn’t always take over from him.
By constantly rescuing your child from stressful situations, you’re sending him a message that you don’t believe he’s able to take care of himself. Children develop self-esteem(自尊) by learning how to complete challenges on their own. If you are always intervening, he will miss this vital stage in his growth. As a result, your child may lack the confidence necessary to do well in school, pursuing hobbies and interests, and developing friendships.
If you’re always taking care of everything for your child, it’ll be more difficult for him to become independent. As an adult, he might find it hard to take care of himself, because he has never developed coping skills to deal with life’s challenges. He might suffer from irrational(不理智的) fears, anxiety and depression, which could lead him to drop out of college or frequently change jobs, according to Dr Michele Borba. Instead of developing healthy relationships, he might seek a partner who will take care of or control him, as his parents did.
You can help your child become more independent by allowing him to complete tasks and challenges on his own without your intervention. Even if he fails at first, don’t interfere(干涉，干预) — encourage him to start again. Show that you have faith in his abilities to succeed without your help. Allow him to learn natural consequences（后果）. Even small things can help him become more independent— making his own bed, preparing his own lunch, shopping for his own clothes and doing homework without your help.
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9．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage given below.
“Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally.
Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens.
Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home.
The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time.
10．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The World Health Organization, or WHO, estimates that more than 300,000 women die every year during pregnancy or childbirth. Each year, about 2.6 million babies are born dead and another 2.7 million babies die during the first 28 days of life, it said. Most of the deaths are taking place in South Asia and in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert.
Many of the deaths could have been avoided with quality health care, WHO officials said. Some stillbirths (births of dead babies), infant (new-born baby) deaths or deaths of mothers result from complications (并发症) during childbirth. Others may result from health problems with the mother. A poor diet or using drugs may also be to blame, the WHO added.
Another problem is that nearly all babies who are stillborn and half of all newborn deaths are never documented. Those deaths are not reported to or investigated by government health agencies. Traditions and beliefs often affect the collection of important records about infant deaths. In many countries, there is a belief that a stillbirth may not represent a lost life. Officials said this means the actual number of stillborn and newborn deaths is probably even higher than the WHO’s own current estimates. The United Nations agency says the lack of information makes it harder to find solutions. It is important for all births and deaths to be recorded so that health officials can make better decisions on how to prevent future deaths.
The WHO released three reports earlier this month to help health agencies do a better job collecting information.
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参考答案：
1．Gold has exercised power for ages. People are crazy about searching for the precious metal. One reason why gold is so valuable is that people want to have gold as a kind of safety in changing times. In addition, gold is so valuable because it can be recycled and afterwards be used for many things. However, people are so crazy that we are facing a lot of environmental problems.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作。文章讲述了从古至今人们对黄金的追逐以及过度开采黄金造成的环境问题。
【详解】第一段讲述了历史上人们对于黄金的热爱和追逐。可以用到的词汇或句型有：be crazy about…, search for, precious等。第二段讲述了人们热爱黄金的原因之一，作为投资，黄金可以保值。可以用到的词汇或句型有：valuable, a kind of等。第三段讲述了人们热爱黄金的另一个原因，黄金可以被回收并利用。可以用到的词汇或句型有：recycle, afterwards, be used for等。第四段讲述了过度开采黄金引起的环境问题。可以用到的词汇或句型有：so…that…, a lot of, environmental等。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中合理使用了复合句，如：“However, people are so crazy that we are facing a lot of environmental problems.” 这句话为结果状语从句；其次，使用了一些固定短语，如：be crazy about…; a kind of; be used for等，使语言更加丰富；同时使用了一些高级词汇，如precious; valuable; environmental等，让语言更加地道。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
2．In order to reduce serious food waste, France passed a law to require supermarkets to donate unsold food. (要点1) Other European countries also take measures to handle this issue. (要点2) Arash Derambarsh did a lot for the implementation of the new law and appealed to the European Union and other countries to adopt similar laws. (要点3) Some people support the new law for it will benefit people in need while others worry it is hard to carry out to some degree. (要点4)
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。文章主要说明了为了减少严重的食物浪费，法国通过了一项法律，要求超市捐赠未售出的食物。其他欧洲国家也采取了措施来处理这个问题。Arash Derambarsh为新法律的实施做了很多工作，他呼吁欧盟和其他国家通过类似的法律。一些人支持新的法律，因为它将造福于需要的人，而其他人担心它很难在某种程度上实施。
2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：in order to；food waste；donate；take measures to；appeal to；adopt等高级词汇；Some people support the new law for it will benefit people in need while others worry it is hard to carry out to some degree.运用原因状语从句等高级句式。
3．With an increasing number of young people who intend to customize their living environment of a rented house or apartment nowadays, companies are competing for a market share in decorative item industry, eagerly creating products that cater for their young customers or providing them with a chance to rent housewares. As a result, it benefits both renters and landowners and will be a trend in the future.
【分析】本文属于装饰租房的文章，介绍了年轻租客打算装饰自己的租房或公寓居住的环境的需求日益增长，公司正在推出为年轻顾客创造新产品或为他们提供租用家庭用品，这样对于租客和房东都好，而且这也将成为未来的一种趋势。要求考生阅读完总结文章概要，不能超过60个词。
【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落大意，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想给房东造成困扰的现状；第二段讲述了针对年轻租客的需求，像Zara等这样的大公司相继开始出售那种可以在已装修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蜡烛之类的小件装饰商品；第三段讲述了对于现在的情况，市场上现在也有一些可以让房东或租客租用家具之类的生意出现了；第四段通过Rhiannon Smith的话可知，现在为租客提供经济实惠的相关的装修服务很受欢迎。
第二步，可以择出重要的信息，年轻租客在定制租房日益增长，给租客提供用来装修租房的小物件或者可租用家具等相关生意出现，且很受欢迎。
第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。
【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为年轻租客装饰租房，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想给房东造成困扰的现状；第二段讲述了针对年轻租客的需求，像Zara等这样的大公司相继开始出售那种可以在已装修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蜡烛之类的小件装饰商品；第三段讲述了对于现在的情况，市场上现在也有一些可以让房东或租客租用家具之类的生意出现了；第四段通过Rhiannon Smith的话可知，现在为租客提供经济实惠的相关的装修服务很受欢迎； 第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。
4．Many people prefer to study at home rather than study in a library.（要点1）Some people learn better at their own home, because it provides a comfortable environment and it is easier to use their own computer.（要点2）Studying at home enables people to start and stop more conveniently, especially for breaks to get drink or something to eat.（要点3）However, one may be distracted by many things at home and certain handy resources can only be found in a library.（要点4）
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】第1步：阅读
（1）．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
（2）．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
（3）．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。
第2步：写作步骤
（1）.浏览课文，找出主题：许多人喜欢在家里学习，而不是在图书馆里学习。短文介绍了其利弊。
（2）. 确定时态为：一般现在时。
（3）. 确定人称为：第三人称。
（4）. 分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为两部分。第一部分：Some people learn better at their own home, because it provides a comfortable environment and it is easier to use their own computer.（有些人在自己家里学得更好，因为它提供了一个舒适的环境，而且使用自己的电脑更容易。）Studying at home enables people to start and stop more conveniently, especially for breaks to get drink or something to eat.（在家里学习使人们能够更方便地开始和停止学习，特别是在休息时喝点东西或吃点东西）。第二部分：However, one may be distracted by many things at home and certain handy resources can only be found in a library.（然而，一个人可能会被家里的许多事情分心，某些有用的资源只能在图书馆里找到）。
（1）.按照逻辑顺序组织将主要和相关的支持点用最短的连接词进行连接。如：however，besides，finally.
第3步：修改成文
草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。
首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。
其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。
最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误
5．One possible version:
Finding something special in the shop, Robert asked the shopkeeper to hold it until he got the money needed. Then he kept collecting plastic bottles in exchange for money. After working for almost a whole year, he managed to buy the necklace as a Mother’s Day present, which moved his mother to tears.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，通读文章内容可知， 本文主要讲述11岁的Robert为了给妈妈买礼物，收集塑料瓶子换钱，坚持了一年后终于有足够的钱买下礼物，妈妈收到礼物后感动得流下泪水的故事。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题及细节进行概括，保留原文的主要事实，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、注意要点之间的衔接，使用适当的关联词贯通全文，使文章更流畅。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，注意词数控制在60词左右。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：After working for almost a whole year, he managed to buy the necklace as a Mother’s Day present, which moved his mother to tears.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如ask sb. to do sth.;            in exchange for; manage to do等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
6．Some experts claim that the colors chosen by us affect our mood, career and health(要点1). In fact, the effect of color is greater than expected and it is now used in medical treatments(要点2). Also, companies apply colors to sales promotion to appeal to different age groups(要点3). As colors of clothes can affect feelings and others’ reactions to us, what we wear matters in making the right impression(要点4).(67字)
【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分-总。主要讲文章主要说明了颜色在很多方面对我们的生活有很大的影响。几个世纪以来，人们已经认识到色彩的力量，并将其应用于许多领域。例如，医学专业人员采用它的效果，在不同的场合选择合适的衣服颜色。。符合概要写作常规出题思路。
【详解】第一段讲述专家们认为我们选择的颜色会影响我们的心情、职业前景甚至健康。可以用到的词汇或句型有：chosen, affect, mood, career and health等。第二段讲述色彩对我们的影响比我们大多数人意识到的要大，它现在还用于医疗。可以用到的词汇或句式有：in fact, the effect of color, greater, expected, in medical treatments等。第三段主要讲公司用颜色来促销他们的产品。可以用到的词汇或句式有：apply… to…, sales promotion, appeal to等。第四段和第五段讲了衣服的颜色会影响我们的感受和别人对我们的反应，所以我们穿什么对留下正确的印象很重要。可以用到的词汇或句式有：affect, feelings and others’ reactions to us, matters, making the impression等。
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Colors, whose power can be greater than expected, are believed to affect our mood, career and health. 颜色的力量比我们想象的要大，它被认为会影响我们的情绪、事业和健康。运用whose引导的定语从句。
[高分句型2]
Deciding what to wear matters in making the right impressions, considering colors of clothes can affect people’s feelings. 考虑衣服的颜色可以影响人们的感觉，决定穿什么对留下正确的印象很重要。非谓语动词的运用。
7．People differ in their attitude to fishing. Fishing supporters think that a small catch of fish has little effect on the species of fish. Besides, fishing helps the economy and relieves people of stress. However, those against fishing believe that fishing, a cruel hobby, leads to the extinction of some species.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括人们对钓鱼的不同态度：支持者认为，钓鱼对鱼的种类几乎没有影响，而且还有助于经济发展，缓解人们的压力；反对者认为，钓鱼是残忍的，会导致一些物种的灭绝。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
8．"Helicopter parents", parents getting deeply involved in children's life, actually do big harm to children's growth .Under over-protection, children miss the lessons taught by failures and mistakes,fail to build up their self-confidence and become weak in competence and emotions, which consequently makes it hard for them to face real life challenges.Therefore, parents should learn to let go and encourage children to be independent, staring from small things.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概述写作。
【详解】读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。这是一篇说明文，文章说明了家长教育孩子的一种方式----直升机式父母，并提出这种教育方式的害处，劝说家长不要做直升机式父母。
（1）确定体裁，本文是说明文。明确主题（"Helicopter parents"）及结构。
（2）划主题句，找关键信息。这篇概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。本文各段主题句是：
1.  Although out of love and concern, it can have harmful effects on their children’s emotional development and future independence.
2. Children learn through their mistakes. But if you intervene(干涉，介入) at first sign of struggle and finish your child’s homework, he’ll miss out on valuable learning opportunities.
3. You’re sending him the message that he needs to be perfect and failure is not an option; otherwise you wouldn’t always take over from him.
4. By constantly rescuing your child from stressful situations, you’re sending him a message that you don’t believe he’s able to take care of himself.
5. If you’re always taking care of everything for your child, it’ll be more difficult for him to become independent.  
6. You can help your child become more independent by allowing him to complete tasks and challenges on his own without your intervention.
(3)改写。注意要点之间的衍接，要用适当的关联词语要通全文。
(4)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
从范文中可以看出作者对原文要点的理解正确并呈现完整；应用语法结构和词汇准确；上下文连贯；要点表达独立；完全使用了自己的语言，语法结构准确，词汇应用丰富；所写内容与所提供内容密切相关，无文章原句。
9．Parents today overlook the significance of kids sharing housework, but studies show chores help children develop better in studies, mental health and even future careers. Besides, it enables kids to become responsible and self- reliant. Still, by doing their share of chores, kids grow to be loving, caring and helpful. So it’s important for parents to let children take up housework.
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】概要写作
写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了如今的父母忽视了让孩子分担家务的重要性，但研究表明，家务可以帮助孩子在学习、心理健康甚至未来的职业生涯中发展得更好。此外，它使孩子成为负责任和自力更生。尽管如此，通过分担家务，孩子们成长为有爱心、有爱心和乐于助人的人。所以父母让孩子承担家务是很重要的。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
10．The WHO says that a large number of babies die at birth or soon after birth and women die of childbirth every year in less developed areas.(要点1) Many deaths are caused by poor health care, a poor diet or the use of drugs.(要点2) Meanwhile, due to the traditions and beliefs, nearly all infant deaths are seldom recorded, making it harder to find solutions to prevent future deaths.(要点3) So now the WHO is helping to obtain more exact information about baby deaths.(要点4)
【分析】本文为概要写作。概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。主要考查对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁语言概括文章重要信息的能力及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
【详解】1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2）弄清要求。概要写作是写全文概要，或者就某些问题写出要点，略去不必要的细节。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）写作时注意要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，再用合适的语言表述出来。概要应同原文保持协调，注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文。有时也可对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好可采用句型转换、同义词的运用、概括、主被动语态、合并句子等对文章的具体信息进行概括。此外还要计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点睛】本概要写作文章结构合理，基本与原文一致。文章中运用了一些较高级的词汇，如a large number of; die of; less developed areas; due to; find solutions to等。文章句式比较灵活，以简单句为主，与高级句型相辅相成。文章中的高级句型有宾语从句The WHO says that a large number of babies die at birth or soon after birth and women die of childbirth every year in less developed areas.以及非谓语动词Meanwhile, due to the traditions and beliefs, nearly all infant deaths are seldom recorded, making it harder to find solutions to prevent future deaths.