2022-2023学年重庆重点学校高一（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷

这是一份2022-2023学年重庆重点学校高一（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年重庆重点学校高一（下）期中英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
London Transport Museum
Explore how London's growth culture and society have been intertwined（交织） with its transport system from 1800 to today.
What is there to see at the museum？
Follow the development of the red London bus，see the world's first Underground steam train and examine a train carriage dating back to the 1890s.
Design lovers can be very surprised at the Design for Travel gallery（展览馆），including pioneering advertising posters，artworks and Harry Beek's first design for his ground-breaking London Underground map.
Get hands-on at interactive galleries，where you can step aboard real buses and trains and have a go on a driving simulator（模拟器）.
How can I book tickets to the museum？
Tickets must be booked in advance—book London Transport Museum tickets now.
How long does it take to walk around the museum？
With so many interesting collections to see，you can easily spend at least two hours walking around the museum.
Where is the museum？
It is in Covent Garden Piazza，directly opposite the main Covent Garden Market building.
How to get to the museum
The nearest underground station to the museum is Covent Garden two minutes away.Leicester Square.Holborn，Charing Cross and Embankment are all within 10 minutes'，walk.Charing Cross Railway Station is the closest railway station，which is nine minutes away.
Bus stops on the Strand and Aldwych are a three-minute walk away from the museum.
There are Santander Cycles docking points（自行车停靠点） at Southampton Street and Bow Street ，both a three-minute walk from the museum.
Prices
Child （0-17）：FREE
Adult：£18.50
Senior （60+）：£17.00
1. What do we know about the museum？ ______
A. It requires advance booking.
B. It was designed by Harry Beck.
C. It provides a train design experience.
D. It is in the Covent Garden Market building.
2. Which place is closest to the museum？ ______
A. The bus stop on the Strand.
B. Covent Garden Underground Station.
C. Charing Cross Railway Station.
D. The Santander Cycles docking point at Bow Street.
3. How much should Mike pay if he takes his 12-year-old son and 65-year -old parents to the museum？ ______
A. £34.00. B. £35.50. C. £54.00. D. £52.50.
B
In the live-streaming channel of Yang Weiyun，no singing or dancing is performed nor are products sold.Yang teaches pinyin，reading and writing，something that has been most familiar to her for the past 50 years.The difference is her students are mostly adults.
The 73-year-old is an experienced educator.She had been a Chinese teacher in an elementary school for 30 years and a kindergarten head for another 20 years.The rise of short video platforms gave her the idea of continuing her education endeavors through live-streaming online.The retiree opened her live-streaming account in May 2021 and offered free pinyin courses designed for kindergarten pupils about to attend primary schools.However，she gradually learned among her viewers there are a lot of illiterate （文盲的） adults.
Yang said she found many illiterate adults develop a sense of inferiority.They are afraid to go to new places，worried that they couldn't teach their children or read their boss's instructions.So she added targeted content to meet their needs.Many illiterate adults didn't have the chance to go to school when they were young.They are the ones in urgent need of becoming literate.
Considering that most of the adult students are fully occupied，Yang holds two live stream sessions every day starting at 8：30 am and 8：30 pm respectively.Her channel helps those who want to overcome adult illiteracy.Now she has nearly 300，000 followers on the short video platform Douyin.
Zhang Mei is among the students who benefited from Yang's live stream lessons.She was born and raised in the countryside and had never been to school.She watches Yang's live streaming whenever there is spare time.Now she can read Chinese characters if they are marked with pinyin and knows how to write her name.She also found a job.
Students each have their own demands，so Yang always prepares her classes carefully after concluding a live streaming session.She tries to figure out what ways the students can learn and remember better，and her biggest wish now is to see these students graduate from her classes.
4. What do we know about Yang Weiyun as a teacher？ ______
A. She is really passionate about singing and dancing.
B. She mainly helps adult students to read and write.
C. She teaches elementary school students at present.
D. She is addicted to browsing the short video platform Douyin.
5. Why does Yang hold two live stream sessions every day？ ______
A. Because most adults have difficulty making time to attend the lessons.
B. Because her followers make a request for as many courses as possible.
C. Because Yang longs for instant fame and overnight success through Douyin.
D. Because it is considered the only way to overcome adult illiteracy.
6. Which of the following words can best describe Yang Weiyun？ ______
A. Independent and generous. B. Strong-willed and grateful.
C. Hardworking and talented. D. Helpful and considerate.
7. What's the main idea of this text？ ______
A. A blogger offers free pinyin courses designed for kindergarten pupils.
B. An elderly woman teaches adults strategies on job hunting.
C. A retired teacher helps illiterate adults via live streaming.
D. An experienced educator added targeted content to meet students' needs.
C
Motorists heading from Paris to the Mediterranean on the highway this summer may be surprised by the rapid growth of bridge-building over France's main north-south road.The intended beneficiaries are more unexpected：hedgehogs，foxes，wild boar，weasels，deer and other furry or spiky things.
Between 2021 and 2023，19 new écoponts，or wildlife bridges，will be built over the A6 and other motorways operated by APRR，a private firm，at a total cost of over €80 m （＄86 m）.This will bring its network of green bridges in France to 119.＄
Designed to reduce roadkill and help animals wander more freely，wildlife bridges have become popular from Canada to Australia.In France they have a long history.APRR built its first，near Fontainebleau，in 1960.Early versions were rudimentary.Today's models，such as the one under construction to connect forests near Chagny，in Burgundy，are grand and advanced：25 metres wide，complete with a pond for frogs and other amphibians，wooden-fenced sides to protect the passing animals from the glare of headlights，and carefully laid piles of rocks and branches and landscaped vegetation.Pedestrians are banned.
Every year an estimated 29 million mammals are killed on roads in Europe.It is hard to say how many are saved by écoponts.A study by Vinci，another French motorway company，found that between 2011 and 2015 each of its green bridges was used each year on average by 1，086 red deer，150 wild boar，104 roe deer，48 foxes，eight badgers，four weasels，one hedgehog and one wolf.Smaller mammals and reptiles preferred underpasses：they crossed via each of its motorway tunnels.
Private motorway companies are making considerable investments in order to green their reputations and keep their state-awarded operating licence.Governments too have been building eco-bridges.Sweden is also putting up such bridges to help migrating reindeer.Germany has built more than 80 wildlife crossings，which have helped to protect the grey wolf.Green campaigners approve，but add that fewer cars on the roads would be even better.
8. What can be learned about the green bridges in France？ ______
A. They are intended for protecting wildlife.
B. They make the north-south traffic convenient.
C. There are a total of 19 such bridges across the country.
D. France is the first country to have the awareness of reducing road kill.
9. What does the underlined word rudimentarymean in Paragraph 3？ ______
A. Luxurious. B. Complicated. C. Simple. D. Ordinary.
10. What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The investors themselves are wild animal lovers.
B. Private motorway companies are eager to build a positive image.
C. Private motorway firms are keen on making contributions to charity work.
D. A state-awarded operating licence can be easily obtained by investing.
11. Where's the text most probably from？ ______
A. A science essay. B. A travel brochure.
C. An online diary. D. A newspaper.
D
The industrial revolution was the biggest transformation in economic history.For centuries scholars have sought to understand why this process occurred in Britain around 1750.But opinions vary and some explanations are hard to prove.Researchers are now testing theories by studying why similar parts of Britain industrialized at different rates.New papers have provided evidence for a few key factors：slave-owners' wealth，businesspersons who stood to benefit from investing，and shortages of lower-skilled workers.
Industrialization requires investment.To measure the impact of available wealth，Hans-Joachim Voth analyzed geographic variation in ownership of plantations （种植园）.The wealth that Britons gained from slaves in South America flowed mainly to a few cities，such as Liverpool.By the 1830s these regions had large numbers of cotton mills and shares of workers employed in manufacturing.Other factors could have made these areas both gather wealth from slavery and industrialize quickly.But the paper tries to study slavery's impact using slave ships' voyages.Long journeys，caused mainly by bad weather，reduced the share of the survival of slaves and thus traders' profits.And among similar areas，shorter trips in the 1830s meant faster industrialization.
Investors still needed to be financially driven to buy machines.In early modern Britain，most tenant farmers paid fixed rents，stopping both workers who moved elsewhere and landlords from profiting from investment.However，in 1536-40 Henry VIII ended the monasteries （修道院） and sold their land.The buyers could farm or rent it on market terms.A study by Leander shows that areas once owned by monasteries were the pioneers of industrialization.By the 1830s they had unusually large numbers of workers in trades and crafts，agricultural- machine patents（专利），textile workshops and grain separators.Those market-based farms created a commercial class and became a driving force for technological advances.
Another factor that has gained support is labour shortages.Mr.Voth studied Britain's wars with France in 1793-1815，when there was a workforce shortage.They found that adoption of devices replacing manual labour was greatest in areas where the most men joined the army.
The strength of evidence for each of these causes implies that industrialization probably required a complex mix of conditions.Many important factors are hard to test statistically.But measuring even a few is a promising advance.
12. What is true about Voth's study about slave ownership？ ______
A. Liverpool grew fat on the basis of the slave trade.
B. Slaves could hardly find jobs in manufacturing industry.
C. The parts with more slaves were slower to industrialize.
D. Longer slave ships' voyages meant greater traders' profits.
13. What was the result of Henry VIII's ending the monasteries and selling their land？ ______
A. It encouraged agricultural development.
B. It promoted an increasing market economy.
C. It cut across the line of race and religion.
D. It raised money for the industrial revolution.
14. What message did the author want to convey by mentioning Britain's wars with France？ ______
A. Manual labor should be highly valued by the government.
B. Social and political problems may lead to the outbreak of wars.
C. Most men were reluctant to join the army because of financial burdens.
D. Modern machines were invented massively due to the workforce shortage.
15. What can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. The Geographic Variation in the Industrial Revolution
B. The Role Slave-owners Play in the Industrial Revolution
C. Causes of the Industrial Revolution Identified by New Studies
D. The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Britain's Economy

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music，ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company Open AI.The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics，and write essays，stories and any other written texts you can think of.It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus （语料库） of text data.
（ 1） ______ As Sam Altman，the CEO of Open AI，said in an interview with Forbes， "it's not actually fundamentally new technology that made this （ChatGPT） have a moment."
One breakthrough behind today's model is a network called Transformer，which was invented by Google researchers in 2017. （2） ______ Transformer can therefore understand the meaning of texts more accurately with the help of the context.
The GPT models built by Open AI combined Transformer with unguided learning. （3） ______ ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due to the large scale of texts it learned from.
"One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back，very confidently，with mistakes，" Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London，UK，told The Guardian， "because it learns information from various resources. （4） ______ So，at this point，ChatGPT doesn't know the truth about the world，yet."
Some argue that ChatGPT will be used to generate fake news，spread misunderstanding，or be used for ill purposes.As for education，many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks since students began to use it as a shortcut for essays and research projects. （5） ______

A.Why is ChatGPT so questionable？
B.What makes ChatGPT so impressive？
C.However，deciding what is true or false is another story.
D.Long story short，it takes time to make proper use of this powerful AI.
E.That is to say，the models can learn by themselves without being guided.
F.It can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence.
G.It can refer to limitless online dictionaries to identify the meaning of the word.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Too much screen time is something we usually associate with children.We think of little kids watching hours of CoComelon on iPads，or teens who would rather be （1） ______ in video games or YouTube than talk about their day.
But there is another group of people that are having trouble with （2） ______ their devices：baby boomers，who were born after the Second World War.Smartphones came into their lives （3） ______ ，but they were quickly won over.Now some of their children say they are addicted，（ 4） ______ at their screens constantly，even when they should be paying （5） ______ to their own grandchildren.In general，two-thirds of boomers own a smartphone and about 6 in 10 are （6） ______ social media，according to a 2019 Pew Research Center survey.
We asked more than 100 millennials （千禧一代） and Gen Xers about their parents' phone habits.Around half said their parents are good at not being on their phones too much — normally （7） ______ they are not good at the tech or are still using flip phones.The rest，however，are absorbed in their （8） ______ .They are playing Words with Friends，Candy Crush and card games，often with the volume turned （9） ______ .They are looking at the news，checking sports scores，scrolling Facebook and texting.
The phone is also a tool for grandparents to （10） ______ with people in their lives.Many people we spoke to said their parents enjoy reading things out loud from their phones，telling families or anyone （11） ______ about the weather，the headlines or viral stories that may or may not be true.
Everyone is （12） ______ with looking at their phones too much.It is （13） ______ that grandparents picked up some of their habits from their children and grandchildren. "The somewhat embarrassing reality is that they're much better at not being （14） ______ by their devices than my partner and I are，" says Lucas Mitchell，a dad of two from Vancouver.His parents use their iPhone and iPad （15） ______ but are good at focusing on the family.
21.  A. stuck B. absorbed C. reminding of D. interested
22.  A. putting down B. taking up C. disappointed D. giving away
23.  A. near B. far C. early D. late
24.  A. glancing B. shouting C. staring D. glaring
25.  A. bill B. attention C. debt D. awareness
26.  A. on B. in C. at D. for
27.  A. but B. and C. because D. although
28.  A. kingdoms B. dreams C. devices D. positions
29.  A. down B. up C. on D. off
30.  A. connect B. collect C. control D. compete
31.  A. nearby B. abroad C. home D. away
32.  A. fighting B. struggling C. beginning D. existing
33.  A. funny B. impossible C. definite D. likely
34.  A. confirmed B. convinced C. distracted D. benefited
35.  A. frequently B. sometimes C. seldom D. regularly
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. An inheritor of Yi embroidery （刺绣）， Jin Ruirui，who is also a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress shared the embroidery industry in Yunnan and its significance in promoting the （1） ______ （ employ） of local women.The Yi ethnic group has its own symbols and totems，all of （2） ______ can be used as embroidery patterns.In Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture，there are hobby classes （3） ______ （ two） a week，involving embroidery skills and teaching people to play traditional （4） ______ （ music） instruments.Students get to choose what they're most interested in learning.Yi embroidery is not only limited to traditional costumes （5） ______ can also be applied to modern clothes，household products and daily necessities.
When people think of embroidery，they usually think it is something women do.It used to be that all embroiderers were women，but now there are a few male embroiderers，（ 6） ______ （ account） for about 4 percent of all of them.In recent years，more than 2，000 disabled people （7） ______ （ encourage） to join them.Jin Ruirui chose to devoted herself （8） ______ embroidery after graduating to fulfill her mother's dream，and she wanted to let more people know about Yi embroidery culture，and about embroiderers like her mother，many uneducated but expecting （9） ______ fulfilling life.With years of development，their sales have grown considerably.Therefore，they are （10） ______ （ extreme） thankful to the Communist Party of China.She hopes that during the two sessions （两会），whether through her introduction or demonstration，more people will get to know something about Yi embroidery and get to appreciate it.
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友William 将赴重庆外国语学校交换学习一年，但不知该选择怎样的住宿方式，发邮件向你征求意见与建议。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
（1）住宿地点推荐（校内宿舍 dormitory/dorm 或校外租房 apartment）；
（2）各自的优缺点并说明理由。注意：
（1）词数 80 左右；
（2）可适当增添细节，使行文流畅。
Dear William，


Yours，
Li Hua

38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There were once two boys who were very good friends.Their names were Arman and Batoor.Arman and Batoor would always play together after school on the basketball court close to where they lived.
One day，two bullies came to the basketball court，and one of the bullies stole their basketball. "This is ours now，" said a bully.
"And you are never getting it back，" said the other bully.
Then the bullies started pushing the two boys and Arman fell down and suddenly became very frightened.Without thinking，the young boy jumped to his feet and ran home without once looking back to see if his friend Batoor was also able to run away.
But Batoor was not so lucky，and anyway，he did not like being bullied and refused to run away.But the boys were bigger and stronger than Batoor and they hit him and kicked him.
"That will teach you，" said the bullies.And with that，the bullies walked away，leaving poor Batoor to walk home alone.
The next day，when Arman met Batoor in the playground at school，he was very sorry when he saw what the bullies had done to his good friend.
"I cannot believe you ran away and left me all alone!" said Batoor. "What kind of a friend acts like that？" Although Arman tried to apologise，Batoor was very angry and did not want to forgive his friend.
Arman felt terrible about running away，and now he had lost his best friend because of his actions.
Batoor's mother bought him a new basketball，and because the boy decided not to have his life ruled over by bullies，he returned to the basketball court the following day and played alone.
Just as he was practising，he heard a voice behind him.
"I see we are going to have to teach you another lesson，" said the voice. "And I see that you have another basketball for us to take，" said the other.
And when Batoor turned around，sure enough，the two bullies were walking towards him. "Now hand over that basketball and we won't beat you so badly this time."
Just as Batoor was about to protest，another voice rang out loud and clear across the basketball court.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为 150 左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
"Get away from my friend，" called Arman.
___________
Batoor thanked his friend and forgave him for running away.
___________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章How can I book tickets？部分"Tickets must be booked in advance – book London Transport Museum tickets now. （门票必须提前预定——现在就预定伦敦交通博物馆的门票。）可知，伦敦交通博物馆的门票必须提前预定，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章How to get there？部分You can walk from the nearest tube station Covent Garden to the London Transport Museum，which takes only two minutes.（你可以从最近的Covent花园地铁站步行到伦敦交通博物馆，只需要两分钟。）可知，Covent花园地铁站离博物馆最近。故选B。
（3）数字计算题。根据文章How to get there？部分Child ticket （0-17）：Free  Adult ticket： £18.50  Senior ticket （60+）： £17.00（儿童票（0-17岁）：免费；成人票：18.5英镑；老人票（60岁以上：17英镑））可知，Mike需要支付18.5+17*2=52.5英镑，故选D。
本文为一篇应用文。介绍了了伦敦的交通博物馆的相关信息。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Yang teaches pinyin，reading and writing，something that has been most familiar to her for the past 50 years.The difference is her students are mostly adults.（杨教拼音，读和写，这些都是在过去的50年里，她很熟悉的。不同的是，她的学生大多数都是成年人）可知，作为老师，杨维云主要教成年人读和写，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Considering that most of the adult students are fully occupied，Yang holds two live stream sessions every day starting at 8：30 am and 8：30 pm respectively.（考虑到大多数成年人很忙，因此她分别在上午8：30和晚上8：30开两场直播课）可知，她每天开两场直播的原因是考虑到成年人很忙，害怕他们没有时间课，故选A。
（3）观点态度题，根据文章第四段Considering that most of the adult students are fully occupied，Yang holds two live stream sessions every day starting at 8：30 am and 8：30 pm respectively.Her channel helps those who want to overcome adult illiteracy.（考虑到大多数成年人很忙，因此她分别在上午8：30和晚上8：30开两场直播课。她的直播频道帮助了那些想要克服成年文盲的人）可推知，杨维云是一个考虑周到的人，并对成年人的学习有帮助的人。A．Independent and generous.独立大方的；B．Strong-willed and grateful.意志坚强，心存感激的；C．Hardworking and talented.勤劳又有才华的；D．Helpful and considerate.乐于助人，体贴入微的。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段Yang teaches pinyin，reading and writing，something that has been most familiar to her for the past 50 years.The difference is her students are mostly adults.（杨教拼音，读和写，这些都是在过去的50年里，她很熟悉的。不同的是，她的学生大多数都是成年人）可知，本篇文章主要讲述了年过七旬的退休教师杨维云在网上直播课堂免费教授成年人拼音的故事，故选C。
本文为一篇说明文。主要讲述了年过七旬的退休教师杨维云在网上直播课堂免费教授成年人拼音的故事。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】A、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Designed to reduce roadkill and help animals wander more freely，wildlife bridges have become popular from Canada to Australia.（野生动物桥的修建旨在减少道路上的死亡，帮助动物更自由地漫步，从加拿大到澳大利亚，野生动物桥都很受欢迎。）可知，巴黎修建的绿色桥梁是为了保护野生动物，故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。根据划线词 rudimentary后的内容提示Today's models，such as the one under construction to connect forests near Chagny，in Burgundy，are grand and advanced：25 metres wide，complete with a pond for frogs and other amphibians，wooden-fenced sides to protect the passing animals from the glare of headlights，and carefully laid piles of rocks and branches and landscaped vegetation. （如今的都既宏伟又先进：比如说正在修建的连接Chagny附近森林的桥，25米宽，有一个青蛙和两栖动物的池塘，用木栅栏保护过往动物免受前灯的照射，还精心铺设了成堆的延时、树枝和景观植被。）可知，空后的grand and advanced（宏伟的和先进的）与划线词 rudimentary形成对比，因此划线词 rudimentary与C项"简单的"意思相近，以前的桥都是简单的，现在的都很先进宏伟。A．Luxurious.奢侈的；B．Complicated.复杂的；C．Simple.简单的；D．Ordinary.普通的。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Private motorway companies are making considerable investments in order to green their reputations and keep their state-awarded operating licence.（私人高速公路公司正在进行大量投资，以提高其声誉并保留国家授予的运营许可证。）可知，私人高速公司想要建立一个好的形象从而进行大量投资，故选B。
（4）文章出处题。根据文章第一段Motorists heading from Paris to the Mediterranean on the highway this summer may be surprised by the rapid growth of bridge-building over France's main north-south road.The intended beneficiaries are more unexpected：hedgehogs，foxes，wild boar，weasels，deer and other furry or spiky things.（今年夏天，在高速路上从巴黎前往地中海的驾车者可能会对法国南北主干道上桥梁的快速增长感到惊讶。预期的受益者更出人意料：刺猬、狐狸、野猪、黄鼠狼、鹿和其他毛茸茸或尖刺的东西。）可知，本篇文章主要介绍了为了保护野生动物而修建的野生动物桥，故本篇文章很可能来自于一篇新闻报道。A．A science essay.一篇科学论文；B．A travel brochure.一本旅游手册；C．An online diary.在线日记；D．A newspaper.一份报纸。故选D。
本文为一篇新闻报道。讲述了法国南北主干道上修建了很多野生动物桥梁，其预期受益者是动物。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。二、看题干，带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段The wealth that Britons gained from slaves in South America flowed mainly to a few cities，such as Liverpool.（英国人从南美洲的奴隶那里获得的财富主要流向了利物浦等少数城市。）可知，利物浦因为奴隶交易变得富有，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段However，in 1536-40 Henry VIII ended the monasteries （修道院） and sold their land.The buyers could farm or rent it on market terms.A study by Leander shows that areas once owned by monasteries were the pioneers of industrialization.By the 1830s they had unusually large numbers of workers in trades and crafts，agricultural- machine patents（专利），textile workshops and grain separators.Those market-based farms created a commercial class and became a driving force for technological advances.（然而，在1536年-1540年亨利八世结束了修道院并卖掉了他们的土地。买家可以按照市场条件耕种或租赁。Leander的一项研究表明，修道院曾经拥有的地区是工业化的先驱。到19世纪30年代，他们在贸易和手工艺、农业机械专利、纺织车间和谷物分离器方面拥有异常多的工人。这些以市场为基础的农场创造了一个商业阶层，并成为技术进步的推动力。）可知，亨利八世结束修道院并卖掉他们的土地后，就带来了市场，因此推动了市场经济的进步，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Another factor that has gained support is labour shortages.Mr.Voth studied Britain's wars with France in 1793-1815，when there was a workforce shortage.They found that adoption of devices replacing manual labour was greatest in areas where the most men joined the army.（获得支持的另一个因素是劳动力短缺。Voth研究了1793年-1815年英国与法国的战争，当时劳动力短缺。他们发现在参军人数最多的地区，采用替代体力劳动的设备最多。）可知，作者提到英国与法国的战争是为了说明因为劳动力短缺，因此发明了大量现代机器来替代体力劳动力，故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段末New papers have provided evidence for a few key factors：slave-owners' wealth，businesspersons who stood to benefit from investing，and shortages of lower-skilled workers.（新的研究提供了一些新的关键的因素：奴隶主的财富、从投资中受益的商人以及低技能工人的短缺。）以及后文分别具体讲述了这三个原因可知，本文主要讲述了工业革命为什么会在1750年左右发生在英国的三个原因，故C项"新研究证实的工业革命的原因"符合文章标题。A．The Geographic Variation in the Industrial Revolution工业革命中的地理变化；B．The Role Slave-owners Play in the Industrial Revolution奴隶主在工业革命中扮演的角色；C．Causes of the Industrial Revolution Identified by New Studies新的研究确定了工业革命的原因；D．The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Britain's Economy工业革命对英国经济的影响。故选C。
本文为一篇说明文。文章就工业革命为什么会在1750年左右发生在英国提出了三个原因：奴隶主的财富、从投资中受益的商人以及低技能工人的短缺。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】B、F、E、C、D
【解析】（1）联系下文题根据空后As Sam Altman，the CEO of Open AI，said in an interview with Forbes， "it's not actually fundamentally new technology that made this （ChatGPT） have a moment."（正如Open AI的首席执行官萨姆•奥特曼在接受《福布斯》采访时所说，"实际上，从根本上说，ChatGPT并不是新技术造就的。"）可知，空后提出并不是新的技术让ChatGPT有了一席之地，故此处B．What makes ChatGPT so impressive？（什么让ChatGPT如此的令人印象深刻呢？）符合语境，本空出提出问题，空后用Sam Altman在采访中的话回答问题，故选B项。
（2）联系下文题。根据空后Transformer can therefore understand the meaning of texts more accurately with the help of the context.（因此，Transformer可以在上下文的帮助下更准确地理解文本的意思。）可知，空后提出了结果，故F．It can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence.（通过判断单词出现在句子中的位置来推断单词的意思。）符合语境，F项说明原因，它可以根据单词在句中的位置来判断其意思，因此能更准确地理解文本的意思，故选F项。
（3）联系上文题。根据空前The GPT models built by Open AI combined Transformer with unguided learning. （Open AI构建的GPT将Transformer与非指导学习相结合。）可知，E．That is to say，the models can learn by themselves without being guided.（也就是说，模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学。）是前文的顺义承接，是对前文的解释说明，Open AI构建的GPT将Transformer与非指导学习相结合，也就是说模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学，故选E项。
（4）联系下文题。根据空后So，at this point，ChatGPT doesn't know the truth about the world，yet. （因此，在这一点上，ChatGPT还不知道世界的真相。）可知，空后给出结果，因此它不知道世界的真相，故此处C．However，deciding what is true or false is another story.（然而，决定什么是真的，什么是假的又是另一回事了。）符合语境，因为它无法决定什么是真，什么是假，因此它并不知道世界的真相，故选C项。
（5）联系上文题。根据空前As for education，many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks since students began to use it as a shortcut for essays and research projects. （对于教育，很多美国学校最近禁止学生在学校网络上使用ChatGPT，因为学生开始将它作为论文和研究项目的快捷方式。）可知，空前提出学校禁止学生使用，是因为学生通过它在学习上走捷径，故D．Long story short，it takes time to make proper use of this powerful AI.（长话短说，正确使用强大的AI 还需要时间。）符合语境，因为学生的不正当使用，因此正确使用AI还需要时间，故选D项。
本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由美国Open AI公司推出的ChatGPT可以回答一系列的主题问题，并撰写散文、故事和你能想到的任何其他书面文体。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】B、A、D、C、B、A、C、C、B、A、A、B、D、C、A
【解析】（1）考查形容词/动词及语境理解。A.stuck困住的；B.absorbed沉迷的；C.reminding of使回想起；D.interested感兴趣的。句意：我们会想到孩子在iPad上看几个小时的CoComelon，或者想到一些青少年，他们宁愿玩电脑游戏也不远聊天。根据空后"video games or YouTube than talk about their day."可知，此处指青少年沉迷于电脑游戏。故选B。
（2）考查动词短语/形容词及语境理解。A.putting down放下；B.taking up占据；C.disappointed失望的；D.giving away捐赠。句意：但是也有另外一群人很难放下他们的电子设备：出生于二战后的婴儿潮的人。根据后文"Now some of their children say they are addicted，（4）at their screens constantly，even when they should be paying（5）to their own grandchildren."可知，此处指他们很难放下电子设备。故选A。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.near近的；B.far远的；C.early早的；D.late晚的。句意：虽然手机进入他们的生活很晚，但是他们很快就被征服了。根据空后的转折"but they were quickly won over."可知，此处指尽管手机进入他们的生活很晚，但是他们很快就征服了。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.glancing瞥一眼；B.shouting大喊；C.staring盯着；D.glaring怒视。句意：现在，这一代人的孩子说父母被迷住了，甚至在他们照看孙辈们的时候，他们也会盯着手机看。根据空后"at their screens constantly"可知，此处指他们会盯着手机。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.bill账单；B.attention注意力；C.debt债务；D.awareness意识。句意：现在，这一代人的孩子说父母被迷住了，甚至在他们照看孙辈们的时候，他们也会盯着手机看。根据空后"to their own grandchildren."可知，此处指照看他们的孙子，pay attention to注意，照看，故选B。
（6）考查介词及语境理解。A.on在……上；B.in在……里面；C.at在……（时刻）；D.for为了。句意：根据研究中心2019年的一项调查，三分之二的婴儿潮一代有智能手机，约六成的人使用社交媒体。根据空后"social media"可知，此处指他们在社交媒体上活动，使用社交媒体。故选A。
（7）考查连词及语境理解。A.but但是；B.and并且；C.because因为；D.although尽管。句意：差不多一半的人说他们的父母不太擅长使用手机---通常是因为他们不擅长科技或者他们仍然在使用翻盖手机。根据空后"they are not good at the tech or are still using flip phones"可知，空后是他们不太擅长使用手机的原因。故选C。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.kingdoms王国；B.dreams梦想；C.devices电子设备；D.positions位置。句意：然而，其余的人都沉浸在他们的电子设备中。根据空前"The rest，however，are absorbed in their"可知，此处指其余的人都沉浸在电子设备中。故选C。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.down由高到低；B.up（强度，音量，活动）由弱到强；C.on在上面；D.off离开。句意：他们都在玩Words with Friends、Candy Crush和纸牌的游戏时，他们经常把音量调大。根据前文"They are playing Words with Friends，Candy Crush and card games，often with the volume turned"可知，此处指他们玩游戏的时候，通常把音量调得很大。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.connect交流，联系；B.collect收集；C.control控制；D.compete竞争。句意：手机也是祖父母和他们生活中的朋友们交流沟通的工具。根据后文"Many people we spoke to said their parents enjoy reading things out loud from their phones，telling families or anyone（11）about the weather，the headlines or viral stories that may or may not be true."可知，此处指手机是他们用来与朋友沟通交流的方式。故选A。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.nearby附近的；B.abroad国外的；C.home家里的；D.away远方的。句意：我们采访过的很多人表示，他们的父母喜欢把手机上的内容大声读出啦，告诉家人或附近的人天气，头条新闻或热门新闻，可能这些消息有真有假。根据前文"The phone is also a tool for grandparents to（10）with people in their lives."可知，手机是他们与朋友沟通的方式，故此处指将手机上的内容分享给家人和附近的人。故选A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.fighting对抗；B.struggling斗争；C.beginning开始；D.existing存在。句意：每个人都在与过度看手机作斗争。根据空后"with looking at their phones too much."可知，此处指每个人与长时间看手机这个问题作斗争。故选B。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.funny有趣的；B.impossible不可能的；C.definite绝对的；D.likely可能的。句意：祖父母的一些习惯可能是从他们的孩子已经孙辈身上学来的。根据后文"grandparents picked up some of their habits from their children and grandchildren."可知，此处指祖父母可能是从孩子或者孙辈身上学到的使用电子设备的习惯。故选D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.confirmed证实；B.convinced使相信；C.distracted打扰，使分散注意力；D.benefited对……有益。句意：来自温哥华两个孩子的父亲说道；"有点尴尬的是，他们（父母）比我和我的伴侣更能在电子设备前保持自我。" 根据后文"His parents use their iPhone and iPad （15）but are good at focusing on the family."可知，此处指父母能不受到电子设备的打扰。故选C。
（15）考查副词及语境理解。A.frequently经常地；B.sometimes有时；C.seldom很少；D.regularly有规律地。句意：他的父母经常使用iPhone和iPad，但擅长专注于家庭。根据空后的转折"but are good at focusing on the family."可知，此处指他们经常使用电子设备。故选A。
本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿潮一代的人使用手机频繁的情况。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。

36.【答案】employment
【解析】（1）考查不可数名词。句意：彝绣传承人、第十四届全国人大代表Jin Ruirui介绍了云南的刺绣产业及其对促进当地妇女就业的重要意义。分析句子可知空格处用名词作宾语，意为"就业"，名词是employment，是不可数名词，故填employment。
（2）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：彝族有自己的符号和图腾，都可以作为刺绣图案。分析句子可知此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为symbols and totems，指物，因此用关系代词which引导，故填which。
（3）考查副词。句意：在楚雄彝族自治州，每周有两次爱好班，包括刺绣技巧和教人们演奏传统乐器。根据语境可知，句子表示"在楚雄彝族自治州，每周有两次爱好班，包括刺绣技巧和教人们演奏传统乐器"，空格处意为"两次"，应用副词twice。故填twice。
（4）考查形容词。句意：在楚雄彝族自治州，每周有两次爱好班，包括刺绣技巧和教人们演奏传统乐器。分析句子可知空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词instruments，music的形容词是musical，意为"音乐的"，故填musical。
（5）考查连词。句意：彝绣不仅限于传统服饰，也可以应用于现代服装、家居用品和日用品。not only...but also...是固定搭配，意为"不但……而且……"，因此空格处是but，故填but。
（6）考查现在分词。句意：过去绣工都是女性，但现在有少数男性绣工，约占全部绣工的4%。分析句子可知but后的句子中谓语是are，空格处用非谓语动词，male embroiderers和account之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填accounting。
（7）考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，有2000多名残疾人被鼓励加入他们的行列。由In recent years可知，句子时态用现在完成时，残疾人是被鼓励，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语people是复数，因此空格处是have been encouraged。故填have been encouraged。
（8）考查介词。句意：Jin Ruirui毕业后选择投身于刺绣，以实现母亲的梦想，她想让更多的人了解彝族刺绣文化，了解像她母亲一样没有受过教育但却期待着充实生活的刺绣者。devote oneself to...是固定短语，意为"投身于"，因此空格处是to，故填to。
（9）考查冠词。句意：Jin Ruirui毕业后选择投身于刺绣，以实现母亲的梦想，她想让更多的人了解彝族刺绣文化，了解像她母亲一样没有受过教育但却期待着充实生活的刺绣者。分析句子可知life是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，fulfilling是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
（10）考查副词。句意：因此，他们非常感谢中国共产党。空格处用副词extremely修饰形容词thankful，extremely意为"非常"，故填extremely。
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是彝绣传承人、第十四届全国人大代表Jin Ruirui介绍了云南的刺绣产业及其对促进当地妇女就业的重要意义。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

37.【答案】Dear William，
    Hearing that you will come to Chongqing to study，I am writing to recommend accommodation.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
    The first option is to live in on-campus dorms，which are cheap and safe. 【高分句型二】Living in the same dormitory will give you more opportunities to communicate with local students.Another option is to rent an apartment outside the campus.It's more expensive than living in on-campus dorms.But the benefit is that you have more privacy and is less likely to be disturbed.（住宿地点推荐和各自的优缺点并说明理由）
     You can choose according to your own needs and actual situation.I hope you can study and live happily here.（自行选择）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Hearing that you will come to Chongqing to study，I am writing to recommend accommodation.
翻译：听说你要来重庆学习，特写信推荐住宿。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：The first option is to live in on-campus dorms，which are cheap and safe.
翻译：第一种选择是住在校内宿舍，既便宜又安全。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。

38.【答案】   "Get away from my friend，" called Arman.This time Arman didn't run away.He bravely shouted at the bully.The two bullies came at him，but he did not flinch and positively defended his good friend.【高分句型一】He argued with the two bullies，but they didn't listen.Instead，they struggled with Arman.By this time many other students came，as well as their teachers.Together，they sent the two bullies to the school peace room.（描写阿尔曼这一次勇敢地站起来与巴图尔共同面对恶霸，最终把他们制服）
    Batoor thanked his friend and forgave him for running away.Arman apologizes to Batoor for his last escape，and Batoor forgives Arman for his best friend's rescue.They became good friends again.They believe that when confronted with bullies，they cann't choose to run away from them，but to fight evil.【高分句型二】Positive energy will always compete with winning energy.Good will prevail over evil.（描写因为这次的相救巴图尔原谅了阿尔曼上次的逃跑，并承诺与黑势力作斗争）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了两个好朋友阿尔曼和巴图尔在篮球场受恶霸欺负的故事。
高分句型一：The two bullies came at him，but he did not flinch and positively defended his good friend.
翻译：两个恶霸向他走来，但他没有退缩，而是积极地保护他的好朋友。
分析：本句运用了并列连词but连接的并列句。
高分句型二：They believe that when confronted with bullies，they cann't choose to run away from them，but to fight evil.
翻译：他们认为，当面对恶霸时，他们不能选择逃离，而是要与邪恶作斗争。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句和when引导的状语从句的省略。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
 每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
 （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
 一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
 （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
 根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
 （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
 在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。