【期末考点精讲】（牛津版）2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期：专题03- 非谓语动词，被动语态（精讲练习）（原卷+解析）

动词不定式

1 动词不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形；否定式：not to+动词原形。

2 动词不定式在句中的作用：

（1）作主语。如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

（2）作表语。如：He seems to be very rich. 他似乎很有钱。

（3）作宾语。如：She promised to come. 她答应会来。

（4）作宾补。如：What do you want me to do? 你想要我做什么？

（5）作定语。如：I have some homework to do. 我有一些作业要做。

（6）作状语。如：He came to borrow some money. 他来借钱。（表示目的）

                 Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。（表示原因）

3  习惯接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：

agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, learn, offer, plan, promise, want, wish, would like等。

4  “疑问词+to do”结构，相当于相应的从句。如：

I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do. 我不知道该怎么办。

5  常用于"动词+宾语+to do"结构的动词有：

advise, allow, ask, encourage, help, invite, order, teach, tell, want, wish等。如：

My parents don’t allow me to go out at night. 我爸妈不许我晚上外出。

6 动词不定式省略“to”的情况：

（1）在let, make等使役动词后作宾语补足语时省略to。如：

Don’t let your child play with fire. 别让小孩玩火。

（2）在动词help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to，也可以省略to。如：

Can you help (to) carry this heavy box? 你可以帮忙搬这个重箱子吗？

（3）在see, hear等感官动词后作宾补时省略to。如：

I saw her enter the hospital. 我看见她进了这家医院。

动名词

1 动名词的基本形式：动词原形+ing；否定式：not +动词原形+ing。

2  动名词在句中的作用：

（1）作主语。如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

      注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

（2）作表语。如：Her Job is teaching English. 她的工作是教英语。

（3）作宾语。如：I like travelling very much. 我很喜欢旅游。

（4）作定语。如：This is our reading room. 这是我们的阅览室。

3  习惯接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practise等。

4  动名词也可以在短语动词和介词后作宾语，习惯接动名词作宾语的短语有：

be afraid of, be busy, be good at, be interested in, be worth, feel like, how / what about, look forward to,

pay attention to, succeed in, think of等。

5  接动词不定式或动名词均可且含义相同的动词有：begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue等。接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为。如：

He likes to sing / singing. 他喜欢唱歌。

It began to rain / raining. 开始下雨了。

      stop to do something 停止手中事，去做另一件事

      stop doing something 停止正在做的事

remember / forget / regret to do something  记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）

remember / forget / regret doing something 记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）

try to do something 设法，努力去做，尽力

try doing something 试试去做，看有何结果

mean to do something 打算做，企图做

mean doing something 意思是，意味着

see (hear, watch)sb do sth. 看见（听见）某人做过某事。（全过程）

see (hear ,watch)sb. doing sth 看见（听见）某人正在做某事（部分）

一、单项选择。（考查非谓语动词用法）

1. Why have you kept me ________ here for so long time?

A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to waiting

【答案】C

【解析】句意：你为什么让我在这里等这么久？

考查非谓语动词。wait“等待”，固定搭配keep sb doing sth“让某人一直做某事”，故选C。

2. The teacher made him ________ the word like this.

A. saying B. to say C. said D. say

【答案】D

【解析】句意：老师让他这样说这个词。

考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。

3. I’m sorry I forgot ______ the dictionary to you.

A. returned          B. returning             C. to return           D. return

【答案】C

【解析】forget to do 忘记要做某事（未作）。Forget doing忘记做了某事。（已做）

4 .Writing stories _______ my favourite hobby.

A. is                 B. are                    C. were              D. be

【答案】A

【解析】Writing stories写小说。做主语。一件事情做主语。故用单数。

5. ________ important ________ us not to give up when we fail each time.

A. It’s, for B. It’s, of C. That’s, for D. That’s, of

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当我们每次失败的时候，对我们来说，不要放弃是很重要的。

考查代词和介词。表达“某人做某事是……的”，用“it’s 形容词 of sb. to do”的结构，形容人的品质。表达“做某事对某人来说是……的”用“it’s 形容词 for sb. to do”的结构。“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“not to give up”。句子讲述的是“不放弃是重要的”，用“It’s important for us”的结构。故选A。

6. Do you know when ________ the day after tomorrow?

A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. will leave

【答案】C

【解析】句意：你知道后天什么时候离开吗？

考查“疑问词+动词不定式”。分析句子疑问词when后没有主语，所以应用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，故选C。

7. —Amy, I’m not good at basketball. What should I do?

—Why not ________ a basketball club to practise ________ basketball?

A. join, playing B. to join, to play C. attend, playing D. to attend, to play

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——艾米，我不擅长篮球。我该怎么办？——为什么不参加篮球俱乐部来练习打篮球呢？

考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。join参加；attend出席。根据“a basketball club”可知，此处指参加俱乐部，排除CD；why not do sth.“为什么不做某事”，practise doing sth.“练习做某事”。故选A。

8. After you finish ________ the story, do you know what ________ next?

A. to write; doing B. writing; doing C. to write; to do D. writing; to do

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你写完这个故事后，你知道接下来要做什么吗？

考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth.“完成做某事”；“疑问词+动词不定式”在know后作宾语。故选D。

9. ________ a kind of ball games, and you’ll love it. For example, ________ football is really exciting.

A. Try, playing B. Try, play C. Trying, play D. Tying, playing

【答案】A

【解析】句意：尝试一种球类运动，你会喜欢的。例如，踢足球是非常刺激的。

考查祈使句以及非谓语动词。第一个是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构，因此以动词原形开头；第二空在句中作主语，应填动名词，play football“踢足球”，故选A。

10. I will show you _________.

A. what to do B. to do what C. how to do D. to do how

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我来告诉你该怎么做。

考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。此处用“疑问词+动词不定式结构”作动词show的宾语，排除B和D选项。C选项中do后面缺少宾语，排除C选项，故选A。

11. Stop _______! The teacher is coming.

A. to talk       B. talk                      C. talked             D. talking

【答案】D

【解析】stop doing停止做某事。Stop to do 停下来去做另一件事。

12.             more about tomorrow’s weather， call 121. 

—OK, I will. Thank you. 

A. Know            B. Knowing                 C. To know             D. Known  

【答案】C

【解析】句意：为了更多了解明天天气情况，请打121. 不定时表示目的。放在句前强调作用。

13. —What can we do ______ the environment?

—We can do it by ______ more trees.

A. protecting; planted B. to protect; planting C. protecting; planting D. to protect; planted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——我们能做什么来保护环境？——我们可以通过种植更多的树来做到。

考查非谓语动词。protect保护；plant种植，根据第一个空前的“What can we do”和空后的“the environment”可知，第一个空用动词不定式表目的，排除A和C，由第二个空前的“by”可知，第二个空应该用动名词作宾语，排除D，故选B。

14. These days, I spend my weekends ________ the children without parents. I enjoy it very much.

A. to help B. helping C. help D. helped

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这些天，我花我的周末帮助没有父母的孩子。我非常喜欢它。

考查非谓语动词。根据“I spend my weekends...the children without parents.”可知，此处是“spend+时间+doing sth”短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，故选B。

15. ________ fish with cormorants ________ a traditional skill.

A. Catching, is B. Catching, are C. Catch, is D. Catch, are

【答案】A

【解析】句意：用鸬鹚来捕鱼是一种传统技能。

考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句子缺主语，表达“捕鱼”用动名词形式“catching fish”作主语，主语是单数概念，be动词用“is”。故选A。

二、 用所给词的适当形式填空

1. I enjoy _________ (work) here with all of you.

2. Would you like ___________ （come）with us?

3. Thank you for ________ (give) me so much help.

4. I remember ________ (tell) you about him that day.

5. – What can we use computers for?    -- ________(send) e-mail.

6. I think this book is worth ___________ （read）many times.

7 . ________(improve) his playing skills, He practises ___________ （play）the piano every day

8. Why not go to the beach and __________ （have）a picnic?

9. I am looking forward to ________ （hear）from you.

10. You’d better _______(take) the medicine on time.

11. Lily has trouble ___________ （work）out these problems.

12. He couldn’t help ___________ （laugh）when he heard the joke.

13.While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _______ (run) and lay on the ground, so we all stopped______ (see)what was wrong with him.

14. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ (run) for such a long time.

【答案】1.working   2. to come    3.giving   4.telling  5.sending  6.reading   7. To improve playing  8.have  9.hearing  10.take  11.working  12.laughing  13.running  to see  14.running

三、完成句子。

1．孩子们忙着玩电脑游戏。

The boys___________ _________               computer games.

=The boys                           computer games.

2．她不想吃东西。

She felt like             nothing.= She didn’t want to          anything.

3．父亲去年戒了烟。

Father gave up              last year.=Father stopped              last year.

4．我过去常常开车上班，现在习惯了步行上班。

I_________ __________ drive to work, now I am _________ ____________             to work .

5．这个女孩值得交往。

The girl is worth                            with.

6．我喜欢看电影，不喜欢听音乐。

I prefer                 a film to                         music.

=I like                a film better than                             music.

【答案】1. are busy playing  are busy with   2.eating  eat    3.smoking  smoking   4.used to, used to walking   5.getting on  5.seeing listening to   seeing  listening to

被动语态

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如：

They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。

主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。

The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。

主语the house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。

1 “be +（及物动词的）过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式。be有人称、数和时态的变化。

一、单项选择。

1. Personal information _________ before the meeting starts.

A. must check B. must to check C. must be checked D. must have checked

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在会议开始前，必须检查个人信息。主语“Personal information”与动词check之间是动宾关系，结合“must”可知用含情态动词的被动语态，其结构为must be done。故选C。

2. — What should we do first if we want to develop our village?

   — First of all, a new road ______, I think.

A. must build        B. has to build         C. must be built        D. has built

【答案】C

【解析】考查被动语态的用法。当主语是动作的承受着时要用被动形式。这里a new road是动词build的承受着。所以要用被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态构成；情态动词+be+PP.故答案选C 

3. Some people think trees ______ on both sides of this road.

A. should be planted                        B. should plant

C. should be planting                       D. be planted

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态的用法。当主语是动作的承受着时要用被动形式。这里tree是动词plant的承受着。所以要用被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态构成；情态动词+be+PP.故答案选A

4. This English song _________ by the girls after class.

A. often sings           B. often sang        C. is often sang     D. is often sung

【答案】D

【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态的结构为be动词+动词过去分词，歌是被唱的，故选D。

5. Attention, please! All the mobile phones ____ during the meeting.

A. must be kept off                           B. are keeping off  

C. kept off                                 D. have kept off

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态的用法。当主语是动作的承受着时要用被动形式。这里All the mobile phones“所有手机”是动词keep off（关机）的承受着。所以要用被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态构成；情态动词+be+PP.故答案选A

6.Many of the stars ______ because they are far away from us.

A. may not see                                  B. needn’t see  

C. can not be seen                               D. mustn’t be seen

【答案】C

【解析】这里考查含情态动词的被动语态形式。May 可能。needn’t不必。Can not 不能，mustn’t 禁止。这里表示“能，会”所以选C。

7.— Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday?

— I’m not sure. Because I _______ so far.

1. have invited                          B. wasn’t invited  

C. haven’t been invited                    D. will be invited

【答案】C

【解析】这里考查现在完成时的被动语态。So far 与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的被动语态构成：have （has）been+PP。故答案选C

8．—Oh,  your room is too dirty, Mike!

—Sorry, Mum. It ___    _yesterday. I forgot to do it.

A. didn’t clean    B. isn’t cleaned     C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned

【答案】D

【解析】句意：— —哦，你的房间太脏了，迈克！  — —对不起，妈妈。昨天没有打扫。我忘了做。A为一般过去时，主动语态；B为一般现在时的被动句；C为一般过去时的被动句；D为一般过去时的被动句。根据yesterday.可知，本题的时态为一般过去时，因此排除B；再根据I forgot to do it. 我忘了做。说明没有打扫房间，因此排除C；句中的主语It是代指上文的your room，your room做主语，应该用被动语态，选项A为主动语态，排除，故选D。

9. Those new books _________ yet.

A. have been read B. have not read

C. has not been read D. have not been read

【答案】D

【解析】句意：那些新书还没有读完。

考查主谓一致和现在完成时的被动语态。句子是现在完成时，主语是“Those new books”，助动词用have，排除C；根据“yet”可知句子是否定句，排除A；主语“Those new books”和谓语“read”之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态have been done。故选D。

10. Attention ______ your grammar and spelling.

A. should be paid to B. should be paid C. should pay to D. should pay

【答案】A

【解析】句意：应该注意你的语法和拼写。

考查含有情态动词的被动语态。pay attention to“注意”，固定搭配，主语attention与动词pay是被动关系，故此处用含有情态动词should的被动语态should be done的结构，故选A。

二、用动词的适当形式填空。(注意分辨主动，被动和时态)

1. She _____________ （invite）to the party last night.

2. Look, some rubbish_____________(take) away from here.

3. I ________ (wash) some clothes at home yesterday morning.

4. The teacher ___________(tell) the children to collect litter in the park ten minutes ago.

5.Rice _________________(plant) in China.

6.The homework _________ （check） twice so far.

7.That book ______________ (return) tomorrow.

8.The story can ______________ （understand）easily.

9.Some pictures must ______________ （colour）with different colours.

10. We should ________(use) this tool to make cartoons.

11.Nowadays computers _______ (use) all over the world.

12.These papers _________ (not write) yet.

13.Great changes _________ (take) place in our country during the past 20 years.

14.The work __________ (finish) in two hours.

15. The room _________(look) very clean, it ___________(clean).

【答案】1.was invited  2.is being taken  3.washed  4.told  5.is planted  6.has been checked  7.will be returned  8.be understood  9.be coloured  10.use  11.are used  12.hasn’t been written 13.have taken  14.will be finished  15. looks  has been cleaned   

三、完成句子。

1. 你的卧室必须马上打扫干净。

Your bedroom _______ ______ ________ right now.

2. 这项工作可以下周完成。

The work _______ _______ _________ next week.

3. 这些电脑只可以在电脑室使用。

These computers ________ _______ _______ only in the computer room.

4. 不应该砍伐树木。

The trees __________ ______ ________down.

5. 禁止带宠物入内。

Pets _______ _________ __________ into the building.

6 已经买了好多水果和零食。

A lot of fruit and snacks _______ _______ _______.

7. 已经教了学生们3首英文歌。

Three English songs _______ _______ ______ to the students.

8. 这个消息已在电视上报道过了。

The news _______ _______ _________ on TV.

9. 我第一次得到语文老师的鼓励。

I ______ ______ __________ by my Chinese teacher for the first time.

10. 这个问题已被提及多次。

This problem ______ ______ ___________ many times. 

【答案】1.must be cleaned   2.may be finished   3.can/may be used   4.must be cut   5.mustn’t be taken

6.have been bought   7.have been sung   8.has been reported   9.have been encouraged   10.has been mentioned