【期末考点精讲】（牛津版）2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期：专题04- 副词，原因状语从句，过去进行时（精讲练习）（原卷+解析）

5-8单元语法讲练

A. It is+ adjective + for + noun / pronoun + to + verb

句型“It is + adjective +for somebody to do something”表示“对某人来说，做某事是……的”。其中的形容词是对所做的事情进行描述，如difficult，easy，hard，important，necessary, dangerous, possible, convenient等。

B.  adjective + enough + to + verb

句型“somebody / something + be + adjective + enough to do something”意思是“某人或某物足够……，可以做某事”。注意enough放在形容词后面，表示达到必要的程度

C. It is+ adjective + of + noun / pronoun + to + verb

句型“It  is + adjective +of somebody to do something”的意思是“某人做某事真是太……了”。其中的形容词是对人的性格、品质进行描述，如kind，good，nice， clever，careless，polite，foolish等。

练一练

A单项选择。

1. It’s quite easy _______ her to answer this question.

A. for               B. of                     C. to            D. with

【答案】A

【解析】“It is + adjective + for + noun/pronoun + to + verb”句型中，形容词通常是描述事物的，修饰的对象是动词不定式。这个句型往往用于表达对某人如果做某件事情的看法.。

2. The classroom is not ______ for more than 40 students together.

A. enough large          B. large enough              C. so large        D. too large

【答案】

【解析】在“adj. + enough + to + v.”结构中enough 为副词，修饰形容词时 放在其后，表示主语所指的对象有足够的能力去做某件事，该句型意为“足够……能……”。“not + adj. +enough + to + v.” 意为“不够……以致不能……”

3.  _______ dangerous _______ children to clime high.

A. It is; of              B. That is; of                 C. It is; for        D. That is; for

【答案】C

【解析】“It is + adjective + for + noun/pronoun + to + verb”句型中，形容词通常是描述事物的，修饰的对象是动词不定式。这个句型往往用于表达对某人如果做某件事情的看法.。dangerous描述事物的故用for。

4. The water in this village is not _______.

1. enough clean to drink                           B. enough clean drinking

C. clean enough to drink                           D. clean enough drinking

【答案】C

【解析】意为“不够……以致不能……”

5.  It’s so kind ________ her to help save the animals.

A. for                  B. of                      C. to              D. with

【答案】B

【解析】“It is + adjective + of + noun/pronoun + to + verb”句型中，形容词多是描述人物的性格、品质的形容词，修饰的对象是句子的逻辑主语，即of后的名词或代词。

B完成句子。

1 这个小女孩够年龄去上学了。

The little girl is _________ __________ to go to school.

2对于我们来说，三天内完成这项工作是不可能的。

   ________ _________ impossible for us ___________ __________ the job in three days.

3 保护环境对我们来说很重要。

   _______ _______ very important _______ _______ to protect the environment.

4 她够勇敢，抓住了小偷。

   It is brave ________ ________  to catch the thief.

5 这个书包太小了，装不下15本书。

The schoolbag is _________ small ________ carry 15 books.

6.Jim足够大了，不用上幼儿园.     

Jim was _______  ______________ _________ ________go to kindergarten.

【答案】1.old enough   2.It is to finish  3.It is  to protect   4.of her  5.too to   6.old enough not to

A  副词的用法

在英语中副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子

B 副词的比较级和最高级

副词的比较级和最高级的构成：

A 写出下列形容词的副词形式。

   quick ______________         happy ______________        polite  _______________

wide  ______________        true  ______________        possible ______________

wonderful ______________     real  ______________        loud ______________

careful  ______________      slow  ______________       quiet  ______________

easy  ______________        angry ______________        gentle ______________

terrible ______________       simple  ______________      good ______________

   heavy  ______________       early  ______________       late ______________

fast  ______________         hard ______________         beautiful _____________

【答案】quickly        happily    politely   widely     truly     possibly

wonderfully     really     loudly    carefully   slowly    quietly

easily        angrily     gently    terribly     simply   well

         heavily       early       late      fast        hard     beautifully

B .单项选择

1.My brother has a healthy living habit. He      stays up late, and he is an early bird.

A. usually                 B. hardly    C. often    D. always

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我哥哥有一个健康的生活习惯。他几乎不熬夜，而且是早起的人。A. usually通常；B. hardly几乎不；C. often经常；D. always总是。健康的生活习惯应该是不熬夜，故答案为B。

2.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _______________?

A. quickly       B. happily    C. slowly    D. clearly

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你能大声点说话吗，这样我就能听清楚了?考查副词辨析。A. quickly迅速地；B. happily高兴地；C. slowly    缓慢地；D. clearly清晰地。so that以至于，表目的；根据Could you speak in a loud voice可知clearly符合句意，故选D。

3.—Confucius Institute (孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.

—Yes, Chinese is _______ spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese.

A. hardly    B. widely     C. never    D. seldom

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——孔子学院已经在许多国家建立起来了。——是的, 中文在这些国家被广泛地使用。作为一个中国人，我为此感到自豪。考查副词辨析。A. 几乎不，表否定；B. 广泛地；C. 从不，表否定；D. 很少地，表否定。根据上文Confucius Institute (孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.和下文I am proud of that as a Chinese.可知ACD三项意思都不合句意，故选B。

4.Lisa made so many mistakes in her homework because she didn’t do it ______enough.

A. carefully     B. busily    C. quickly    D. warmly

【答案】A

【解析】句意：丽莎在作业中犯了很多错误，因为她做得不够仔细。A. carefully认真地，仔细地；B. busily容易地；C. quickly快速地；D. warmly热情地。结合语境可知，因丽莎做题不够认真而导致出现了大量的错误，故答案为A。

5. Li Hua told me that Xiao Fang was _____ ill.

A. terrible          B. very terrible        C. terribly        D. too terrible

【答案】C

【解析】ill是形容词。用副词. terribly 修饰。     

6.I can type ______ she can.

A as faster as      B. as fast as          C. more faster than      D. much fast than

【答案】

【解析】as+（形容词/副词）原级+as 表两者程度相同。答案选B。

7. Who studies ______, Jack or Mike?

A. hard             B. hardly              C. harder           D. hardest

【答案】

【解析】hard 副词。激烈地，努力地。     B. hardly 副词。这里是两者比较故用比较级。答案选C。            

C、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

1. She looked _______ when she heard the news and looked ________ at the picture of her lost son. (sad)

2. The story is so _______  that the high school students can read it _______. (easy)

3. These apples taste ________ and sell _______. (good)

4. Ken often works ______ into the night but he is never _____ for work. (late)

5. It is ________ cold today, isn’t it? (terrible)

6. Mary writes as ________ as her sister. (good)

7. Mary writes ____________________ in her class.  (beautifully)

8. She listened to the teacher ____________________ (carefully) of all the students.

9. Helen works ___________ (hard). And her brother works even __________ (hard).

10. She did the experiment even _____________ (badly) today.

【答案】1.sad sadly   2.easy easily   3.good sell    4.late  late  5.terribly  6.well

7. (the) most beautifully      8.(the) most carefully  9.hard harder    10.worse

A  原因状语从句

在句中表示原因、理由的从句叫原因状语从句。

1 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, since, as。

2 表示语气的强弱顺序是：because﹥since﹥as。

3 这些连词都不能和so连用。

4 当原因状语从句放于句首时，通常要用逗号与主句隔开。

引导词because

1 because强调明确直接的因果关系，回答“why”问题

2 because从句可与for互换，但for是并列连词，连接的是并列句，并且在for前必须有逗号隔开。如：

引导词since

1 since表示明摆着的理由或原因，常译为“既然”

2 since还可引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”

引导词as

1 as语气最弱，表示附带说明的原因

2 as还可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”、“随着……”。如：

B  because与 because of的区别

because和because of的意思都是“因为；由于”。 但because 是连词，其后接句子。because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。

A单项选择。

1.We didn’t enjoy the day ______ the weather was so bad.

A. because           B. though            C. unless             D. till

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我们不喜欢这一天，____天气太坏了。前后因果关系。故选A

2 The baby is sleeping, _______ you’d better keep quiet.

A. but              B. or                 C. because           D. so

【答案】D

【解析】句意：孩子在睡觉，你最好保持安静。前后句子因果关系。这里表示结果故选D

3 They were late for the meeting ______ the heavy rain.

A. because of        B. because          C. since             D. as

【答案】A

【解析】句意：因为大雨，他们开会迟到了。the heavy rain. 是短语。故用A

4. It rained last night, _______ the ground is wet.

A. or                  B. for                    C. but            D. though

【答案】B

【解析】句意：昨晚下雨了，因为地上是湿的。For表示解释的原因。

5 ______ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest.

A. Since             B. Or                C. Though         D. Till

【答案】A

【解析】句意：既然你累了，你最好呆在家里休息一下。since ，从句表示明显的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为；既然”

6. ______ we have no money, we can’t buy it.

A. Until           B. Unless               C. As         D. Although

【答案】C

【解析】as 引导的原因状语从句语气最弱，它所表示的原因只是对结果的附加说明，可位于句首或句末。常译为“由于；鉴于”

7.______ it was raining, _______ they stayed at home.

A. Because; so         B. Because; /      C. Since; so          D. As; so

【答案】B

【解析】because不能和so同时使用。

过 去 进 行 时

过去进行时由was/were + doing构成，表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。

（一） 过去进行时的用法：

1 表示过去某一特定时刻正在进行的动作。例如：

   They were not playing football at 9∶00 this morning.

   今天上午9点他们没有踢足球。

2 表示过去某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。此时通常用

   when连接。例如：

   We were playing basketball when it began to rain.

   我们正在打篮球的时候天开始下起了雨。

   She was writing a letter when the phone rang.

   她正在写信的时候电话响了。

3 表示过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。此时通常用

   while连接。例如：

   He was playing while I was studying. 我在学习的时候他在玩。

   I wasn’t paying attention while I was doing my homework, so I made some mistakes.

   做作业的时候我没有认真做，所以做错了几个地方。

when和while的区别

         when引导的从句中谓语动词通常是比较短暂的动作，用一般过去时；while从句中的谓语成分则常常是较长的动作，用过去进行时，表示“在……时候”。比较：

I was studying when she called.    她打电话来的时候我正在学习。

She called while I was studying.   我正在学习的时候她打电话来了。

A、单项选择。

1.Amon ____________ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.

A. will sail B. is sailing C. was sailing D. has sailed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：阿蒙驾船在暴风雨中航行时，一条大鱼从海里游了出来。考查动词时态辨析。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循主过从过；根据when a giant fish came out of the sea.可知遇到大雨时阿蒙正在航行，主句需用过去进行时，故选C。

2.---Hurry up!   ---One moment. I ______ my e-mail and then I’m ready to go. （2019，江西卷）

A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. have read

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——快点！——马上，我在读电子邮件，我准备走了。根据read一般现在时态的结构，am reading现在进行时态的结构，was reading过去进行时态的结构， have read现在完成时态的结构；根据One moment.和 then I’m ready to go.可知是我正在读，现在进行时态；故选B。

3.---I’ve never seen Mr. Taylor before. 

---Don’t worry. I ______ him to you before the meeting.

A. will introduce B. introduced C. have introduced D. had introduced

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——以前我从来没见过Taylor先生。——不要担心，开会前我会把他介绍给你的。根据will introduce一般将来时态的结构，introduced一般过去时态的结构，have introduced现在完成时态的结构，had introduced过去完成时态的结构；根据Don’t worry.和 before the meeting.可知是将来时态；故选A。

4.— I called you last night, but nobody answered. Where were you then? （2019，山东滨州卷）

— Oh, I ____________ my pet dog in my yard.

A. walked B. was walking C. am walking D. will walk

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——我昨晚给你打电话了，但是没有人接。那时你在哪里?——哦，我在院子里遛我的宠物狗。考查动词时态辨析。根据句意语境可知，昨晚你打电话时我正在遛狗，需用过去进行时“was/were doing”结构，故选B。

5.—It's ten years since we came here

—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.

A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked

【答案】D

【解析】句意：-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了。-时间过得真快啊！我们在中国工作了这么长时间了。work工作，动词原形；worked工作，一般过去时；will work一般将来时；have worked现在完成时。根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知，这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作，应用现在完成时，故选D。

6. While we _______ the picnic, it _______ to rain.

A. are having; started                      B. have; is starting

C. were having; started                     D. were having; was starting

【答案】C

【解析】句意：当我们在野餐时，下雨了。考查时态。过去进行时表示在过去某一个动作发生时，

另一个动作正在发生。故答案选C

7. He ______ in Italy when he _______ the accident.

A. travelled; had                        B. was travelling; had

C. was travelling; was having              D. travelled; was having

【答案】B

【解析】表示过去某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。此时通常用when连接。

B、用词的正确形式填空（请思考学会各种时态的分辨 )

1. While he _____________ ( read ) , he _________ ( listen ) to the music yesterday.

2. The engineers ___________ （test）the new machine when the electricity ___________ （go）off.

3. While Mum ___________ （put）Kevin to bed, the doorbell ___________ （ring）.

4. She and I _______ （take）a walk together every evening.

5. Su Hai and Su Yang _________(have) eight lessons this term.

6.My aunt is a writer.  She _______  (write)more than ten books since 2000.

7.My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _______  (receive)any letters from him so far.

8. There            (be)a meeting tomorrow afternoon.  

9.Before he         (leave), Xian became the schools best student and won several prizes for his talents.

10.A new road _________(build) near my school next year.

【答案】  1. Was reading  was listening   2.were testing went   3.was putting rang   4.take  5.have  6.has written  7.have received   8.will be/is going to be  9.left   10.will be built