2022-2023学年四川省绵阳市涪城区重点中学高一（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷

这是一份2022-2023学年四川省绵阳市涪城区重点中学高一（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年四川省绵阳市涪城区重点中学高一（下）期中英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Do you ever want your kids to read by themselves so you can save the trouble to read them bedtime stories？If so，the following four learning apps may be of some help to you.
Learn With Homer
Price：Free
Skill：Comprehension，Phonics （拼读法）
Grade level：Pre-K，K
Device：iPad
It's a learn-to-read app for kids aged 3 to 6 that includes drawing，voice recording and stories.This app can be helpful for kids who have speech production problems and language organization problems.
Inspiration Maps
Price：＄ 9.99
Skill：Comprehension，Writing
Grade level：4th and above
Device：iPad
Inspiration Maps is a mind-mapping tool that helps kids visually organize ideas.They can create maps，organizers，and text outlines.Outlines can be changed to maps，and maps can be changed to outlines.The Lite version （简化版本），which is free，lets kids create up to five mind maps.
Aesop's Quest
Price：＄ 0.99
Skill：Comprehension
Grade level：2nd，3rd，4th
Device：iPad，iPhone，iPod Touch
Aesop's Quest，based on Aesop's Fables，is a learning game where the student must remember parts of a story to complete a level.At the end of each story level，the student is rewarded with tests.After solving the tests，the story is complete and the child can continue to the next story.
LightSail
Price：Free
Grade level：Pre-K，K，1st，2nd，3rd，4th，4th and above
Skill：Comprehension
Device：iPad
LightSail is an e-reading platform that helps teachers support their students' independent reading.Students can use LightSail to check out texts from their schools' online libraries.As students progress through a book，questions appear to check their comprehension.As students complete these assessments，they earn prizes.
1. Which apps are accessible to people for free？ ______
A. Inspiration Maps and LightSail.
B. Learn With Homer and LightSail.
C. Aesop's Quest and Inspiration Maps.
D. Learn With Homer and Aesop's Quest.
2. What can we know about the four learning apps？ ______
A. Kids can draw at most 10 mind maps on Inspiration Maps.
B. Students must know all the Fable stories to better use Aesop's Quest.
C. Learn With Homer can mainly help kids with the language problems.
D. LightSail can serve as a tool to check students' ability to understand texts.
3. Who is the passage probably intended for？ ______
A. School kids' Parents. B. App designers.
C. High school students. D. iPad salesmen.
B
While Romano's classmates were beginning their college life，the 19-year-old Croatian young man had different dreams.In Croatia，taking a gap year is not as common as in other countries，but Romano decided to take a break for a year or two after high school and try volunteering in Africa.
Upon arrival in Arusha，Tanzania，Romano found a volunteering project through an organization.Now he helps poor children and teaches them English and math.These children are not abandoned.They come from low-income families and any help is welcome.There is no soap or running water in the school，and to learn English，the children depend on volunteers because there are not enough qualified teachers.
"They don't have much，they are poor，but honest and happy，because they are not aware that there may be something better out there for them.As I was lecturing，I saw the materials they used for learning：worn-out pencils，one eraser for 20 children，torn and printed notebooks，and not to mention clothes and shoes.I will only tell you that uniforms are worn to conceal their clothing and thus to hide material inequality，" says Romano，who was therefore encouraged to launch a charity action to collect donations for children's necessities.
Romano believes that every child has the right to the basics，including education.It is for this reason that he wants to help these little ones. "Even though I was aware of it before，I realized how privileged I am in life just because I was born on another continent.I learned to appreciate more what I have and manage without the basics.As a result，I met a different culture，tested my limits and looked at things from a different perspective—a gratitude perspective，" concludes Romano，hoping that little by little，both he and other volunteers will contribute to positive change through their work.
4. What did Romano do as soon as he reached Arusha？ ______
A. Volunteer to teach the local children.
B. Make Preparations for his college life.
C. Improve the local educational program.
D. Help to train the less-qualified teachers.
5. What can be inferred about the children that Romano teaches？ ______
A. They are too poor to be happy.
B. They all have an incomplete family.
C. They have no local English teachers.
D. They know little about the outside world.
6. Which word can replace the underlined word "conceal" in Para.3？ ______
A. Show. B. Rid. C. Mask. D. Advertise.
7. What did Romano learn from his experience？ ______
A. All children should have access to everything.
B. He should treasure more his life and feel grateful.
C. Adults should try our best to make the world better.
D. He should work hard in college to be more powerful.
C
Opera and cinema have much in common：as a matter of fact，they use music，theater，dance and other art forms at once.Cross-referencing and inspiration for each other have led to several interesting experiments.
Cinema，connected with opera，is very attractive for a long time.Opera has been used both as a setting and as a subject for cinema.From comic films to action films，opera scenes appear in a variety of genres（体裁）.Whatever the film，scenes set in or around the opera tend to represent the most exciting moment in the plot.
Cinema is also capable of mixing the visual elements of the opera：cameras can catch facial expressions from close or far，special visual effects can be added digitally，and montage （蒙太奇） can change the meaning of a scene.Far from replacing the operatic experience，opera-based films provide a different，complementary take on operas：they become a genre of its own，which has been called the "opera-film".
Adaptation of films into operas is quite a new development of the operatic world.It is，however，a quickly growing genre：more and more film-based operas are being produced.In the same way popular novels were chosen in the 19th century as plots for operas，nowadays composers turn to popular or relevant screenplays to attract the audience.
In the future，cinema and opera are highly likely to become more and more closely connected.While opera is fighting for relevance in the 21st century with new music produced，and cinema is slowly losing its leading role to high-quality on-demand TV，the two media can work together to give rise to new forms of art，combining their advantages to create something that can become larger than the sum of their parts.
8. What can be learned about opera-based films？ ______
A. It represents a new genre of films.
B. It focuses on visual experiences.
C. It has unique settings and subjects.
D. It appears in a variety of genres.
9. What makes it likely for a film to be adapted into an opera？ ______
A. Its characters. B. Its setting. C. Its subject. D. Its popularity.
10. What can be inferred about cinema and opera from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The two should develop their own advantages in their ways.
B. The two should cooperate to make something new and bigger.
C. Cinema should take the lead in producing high-quality products.
D. Opera should work harder to become a new way of art in the 21st century.
11. What is the text mainly about？ ______
A. The replacement of opera by cinema.
B. The advantages of cinema over opera.
C. The interaction between cinema and opera.
D. The similarities between cinema and opera.
D
In May 2021，a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station （ISS）.The main cause was believed to be a piece of space junk.While thankfully no astronauts were injured，it has refocused attention on the growing problem of orbital debris （残骸）.
It's easy to forget that just seventy years ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth.On January 1st，2021，there were 6，542 satellites in orbit.Actually，only over half of them were active.That's a lot of useless metal rushing around the planet at 28，000 kilometers per hour.
Jan Worner，the former European Space Agency Director General，put it this way， "Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be if all the ships ever lost in history were still moving around on top of the water." In fact，even the smallest pieces can cause huge amounts of damage.
The problem is very bad and getting worse.There are now about half a million pieces of debris about one centimeter wide or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across.Yet only 27，000 pieces are actively tracked.
Space is only going to get more crowded，with the number of satellite launches set to increase by five times in the next ten years.In January 2021，143 satellites were launched into space on a single SpaceX Falcon rocket alone.And 12，000 more are to be put in orbit by Starlink over the next five years.All this greatly raises the chances of crashes.
Better control of new launches would help as right now it's a bit of a free-for-all.Increased tracking of existing space junk could also help because active satellites can be moved off a crash course—yet dead satellites are sitting ducks and there's nothing we can do to prevent a crash.That's why many are calling for a clean-up job.A space debris removal task called ClearSpace-1 will be launched in 2025 and attempt to deorbit （使...脱离轨道） the upper stage of a rocket left in space back in 2013.
12. What can we learn about space junk？ ______
A. It can be recycled for other uses.
B. It has injured astronauts in space.
C. It first appeared over seventy years ago.
D. It threatens the safety of space activities.
13. What mainly makes the space junk problem worse？ ______
A. The high speed of orbital debris.
B. The complex procedures of debris clean-up.
C. The large amount of untracked space debris.
D. The ineffective functions of clean-up facilities.
14. How did the writer present the serious situation of space junk？ ______
A. By listing numbers. B. By offering solutions.
C. By explaining the causes. D. By stressing the efforts.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Orbital Debris：What Results in It？
B. Satellite Launches：The More the Merrier？
C. Space Junk：Is It a Disaster Waiting to Happen？
D. Satellite crashes：Who Should Be Responsible？

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Children start out as natural scientists，eager to look into the world around them.（1） ______ .There's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.You only have to share your children's curiosity.
Listen to their questions.I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job.After my sharing，a boy raised his hand and asked me some questions， "Have you ever seen a grasshopper eat？When I try eating leaves like that，I get a stomachache.Why？"（2） ______
Give them time to think.Studies over the past 30 years have shown that，after a question，adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer.（3） ______ When adults increase their "wait time"to three seconds or more，children give more logical，complete and creative answers.
（ 4） ______ Once you have a child in a science discussion，don't jump in with "That's right" or "Very good".These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.But in talking about science，quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead，keep things going by saying，"That's interesting"or "I'd never thought of it that way before，" or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Show rather than tell.Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass （放大镜）. （5） ______

A.Do not interrupt.
B.Watch your language.
C.There is no time for a child to think.
D.Helping them enjoy science can be easy.
E.This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
F.So in this way we don't need to develop their interest in science.
G.And they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
I was extremely sad.My six-month-old daughter，Sienna，had lost her father before she'd even got to （1） ______ him.I had no idea how I was going to raise her（2） ______ .I had to work out how to start（3） ______ my life.
Then one day my mind wandered back to a few years earlier，when I had（4） ______ boxing at my local gym.I had really （5） ______ the exercise and it had given me something to focus on.So I picked up the phone and called my old boxing coach，Stu.
I was（6） ______ when I turned up for my first training.But my fears soon died down once I started hitting the pads （软垫）.As I built up my strength over the following months，I felt the weight of the world slowly lifting off my （7） ______ .Five months later，Stu scheduled my first boxing match.
Bouncing around the ring，I felt as though William and Sienna were（8） ______ me on.I was really excited when I was announced as the （9） ______ .That encouraged me to study to become a fitness trainer myself.
When I（10） ______ a job at a Maori health and well-being organization，I wanted to introduce boxing（11） ______ so I could help others lift their spirits.
（ 12） ______ ，my classes have been a huge success.More than three years have passed since we lost William and I（13） ______ miss him every day.I often talk to Sienna about him.She'll always know who her father was and how much he（14） ______ her.
I have no doubt that boxing saved my life and made me a better mother.If teaching other people boxing can help them on their journey from darkness to light，it's well worth the（15） ______ .
21.  A. accept B. know C. forgive D. recognize
22.  A. alone B. together C. safely D. well
23.  A. imagining B. recording C. living D. rebuilding
24.  A. taken up B. given up C. fought against D. called off
25.  A. hated B. supported C. enjoyed D. played
26.  A. nervous B. surprised C. happy D. proud
27.  A. legs B. hands C. arms D. shoulders
28.  A. taking B. forcing C. cheering D. passing
29.  A. captain B. winner C. coach D. judge
30.  A. got B. lost C. searched D. quit
31.  A. teachers B. schools C. classes D. teams
32.  A. Surely B. Thankfully C. Hopefully D. Strangely
33.  A. already B. sometimes C. yet D. still
34.  A. loved B. satisfied C. respected D. missed
35.  A. visit B. loss C. fight D. money
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. In 2015，a Chinese woman scientist became a household name.She is Tu Youyou，who rose to fame overnight for winning（1） ______ Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine.She is also the（2） ______ （one） Chinese scientist to receive the award in natural sciences.
（ 3） ______ （bear） in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on 30 December 1930，Tu Youyou studied at Beijing Medical College （now Peking University Health Science Centre） from 1951 to 1955.Then，she （4） ______ （begin） to work at China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences as a chief researcher.In 1969，she worked（5） ______ the leader of a research team aiming to discover a treatment for malaria.By 1972，she had managed（6） ______ （extract） qinghaosu from a Chinese herb，which is very（7） ______ （effect） in fighting malaria.Fourteen years later，she obtained a New Drug Certificate for qinghaosu，issued by the Ministry of Health of China.
With the help of Chinese herbs，Tu，along with her team，has defeated malaria，（8） ______ claimed thousands of lives in the past.In 2019，because of her great（9） ______ （contribute），she was nominated on the list of "The Greatest Person of the 20th Century" and since then，she（10） ______ （respect） highly for her great devotion to medicine research and remarkable achievements in science.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 你是南山中学学生李华。本周迎来第104个五四青年节。你校拟就当代中学生应有的责任担当举行一次讲座。你校交流生Tom对此很感兴趣。请你给他发一封邀请信，邀请他和你一起参加讲座。要点如下：
（1）讲座的时间和地点；（ 2）讲座的目的；（ 3）讲座的主要内容。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：五四青年节：Youth Day
Dear Tom，
How is everything going？


Yours， Li Hua

38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ali and his younger sister，Zahra，lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood.Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job，and they had only a little money with which to buy food.As they had not paid the rent for several months，the landlord was angry.
One day，Ali took Zahra's shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed，but he lost them on the way home.It wasn't until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes.He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed，so he begged his sister to keep it a secret.Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali's running shoes.Zahra's school hours were in the morning，so she would wear them first.After school，she would rush back and give them to Ali.He could then run to his school，which began in the afternoon.Although he ran as fast as he could，Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school.
Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city.When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes，he decided to take part.He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes.
The day of race arrived.Ali had a strong start，but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache.Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her.Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength，and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners，determined to finish third.Suddenly，as the finish line drew near，another runner collided （碰撞） with Ali from behind and he fell to the ground.
Paragraph 1：
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead.

Paragraph 2：
Filled with delight，Ali walked home quickly.

(1)
(2)
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章Learn With Homer部分的Price：Free（价格：免费）和LightSail部分的Price：Free（价格：免费）可知人们可以免费使用Homer和LightSail应用程序。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章LightSail部分的Students can use LightSail to check out texts from their schools' online libraries.As students progress through a book，questions appear to check their comprehension.（学生可以使用LightSail从他们学校的在线图书馆查阅文本。当学生阅读一本书时，问题会检查他们的理解。）可知LightSail可以作为检查学生理解文本能力的工具。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第一段 Do you ever want your kids to read by themselves so you can save the trouble to read them bedtime stories？If so，the following four learning apps may be of some help to you.（你有没有想过让你的孩子自己阅读，这样你就可以省去给他们读睡前故事的麻烦？如果是这样的话，下面这四款学习app或许对你有一些帮助。）可知这篇文章可能是写给学校孩子的父母。A.School kids' Parents.学校孩子的父母；B.App designers.应用设计师；C.High school students.高中生；D.iPad salesmen.iPad销售员。故选A。
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四款学习应用程序，可以帮助孩子们自己阅读，从而省去家长读睡前故事的麻烦。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

4~7.【答案】A、D、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段Upon arrival in Arusha，Tanzania，Romano found a volunteering project through an organization.Now he helps poor children and teaches them English and math.（一到坦桑尼亚的阿鲁沙，Romano就通过一个组织找到了一个志愿服务项目。现在他帮助贫穷的孩子，教他们英语和数学。）可知，罗马诺一到阿鲁沙就做志愿者，教当地的孩子们。故选A。
（2）推理判断解题。根据文章第三段They don't have much，they are poor，but honest and happy，because they are not aware that there may be something better out there for them.（他们没有很多东西，他们很穷，但是诚实和快乐，因为他们不知道也许有更好的东西等着他们。）可知，这里的孩子对外面世界的了解非常少。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子I will only tell you that uniforms are worn to  conceal their clothing and thus to hide material inequality（我只想告诉你，穿制服是为了掩盖他们的衣服，从而掩盖物质上的不平等）可知，划线单词的意思和"掩盖"相关。A.Show展示；B.Rid摆脱；C.Mask掩饰、遮盖；D.Advertise做广告。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Even though I was aware of it before，I realized how privileged I am in life just because I was born on another continent.I learned to appreciate more what I have and manage without the basics.As a result，I met a different culture，tested my limits and looked at things from a different perspective—a gratitude perspective，" concludes Romano，hoping that little by little，both he and other volunteers will contribute to positive change through their work.（"尽管我之前就知道这一点，但我意识到，仅仅因为我出生在另一个大陆，我在生活中是多么的幸运。我学会了更多地珍惜我所拥有的，并在没有基础的情况下管理好自己。因此，我接触了一种不同的文化，测试了我的极限，从不同的角度看待事物——一种感恩的角度。" Romano总结道，希望他和其他志愿者能一点点地通过他们的工作为积极的改变做出贡献。）可知，Romano从自己的经历中学会了珍惜自己所拥有的，并且学会了从感恩的角度来看待事物。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了19岁的克罗地亚年轻人Romano在高中毕业后，选择休息一两年，尝试在非洲做志愿者。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段Far from replacing the operatic experience，opera-based films provide a different，complementary take on operas：they become a genre of its own，which has been called the "opera-film".（基于歌剧的电影远没有取代歌剧的体验，而是为歌剧提供了一种不同的、互补的视角：它们成为了自己的一种类型，被称为"歌剧电影"。）可知歌剧电影代表了一种新的电影类型。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Adaptation of films into operas is quite a new development of the operatic world.It is，however，a quickly growing genre：more and more film-based operas are being produced.（将电影改编成歌剧是戏剧界的一项新发展。然而，这是一个快速发展的类型：越来越多的电影歌剧被制作出来。）可知它的受欢迎程度使得电影有可能被改编成歌剧。A.Its characters.它的角色；B.Its setting.它的设定；C.Its subject.它的主题；D.Its popularity.它的受欢迎程度。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段While opera is fighting for relevance in the 21st century with new music produced，and cinema is slowly losing its leading role to high-quality on-demand TV，the two media can work together to give rise to new forms of art，combining their advantages to create something that can become larger than the sum of their parts.（随着新音乐的产生，歌剧正在为21世纪的相关性而斗争，而电影正在慢慢失去其对高质量点播电视的主导作用，这两种媒体可以合作产生新的艺术形式，结合它们的优势创造出比它们的部分之和更大的东西。）可知两者应该合作，做出新的更大的东西。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段In the future，cinema and opera are highly likely to become more and more closely connected.（在未来，电影和歌剧极有可能变得越来越紧密。）可知本文主要讲述了歌剧和电影之间的联系和相互影响。A.The replacement of opera by cinema.电影取代歌剧；B.The advantages of cinema over opera.电影相对于歌剧的优势；C.The interaction between cinema and opera.电影和歌剧的互动；D.The similarities between cinema and opera.电影和歌剧的相似之处。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了歌剧和电影之间的联系和相互影响。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】D、C、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段While thankfully no astronauts were injured，it has refocused attention on the growing problem of orbital debris （虽然幸运的是没有宇航员受伤，但它将注意力重新集中在日益严重的轨道碎片问题上）可知，太空垃圾威胁着太空活动的安全。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段The problem is very bad and getting worse.There are now about half a million pieces of debris about one centimeter wide or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across.Yet only 27，000 pieces are actively tracked.（这个问题非常严重，而且越来越严重。现在大约有50万块一厘米宽或更大的碎片，1亿块一毫米宽以上的碎片。然而，只有2.7万块碎片被积极追踪。）可知，大量未被追踪的太空碎片主要使太空垃圾问题更加严重。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段On January 1st，2021，there were 6，542 satellites in orbit.Actually，only over half of them were active.That's a lot of useless metal rushing around the planet at 28，000 kilometers per hour.（2021年1月1日，共有6542颗卫星在轨道上运行。事实上，只有一半以上的卫星是活动的。这意味着大量无用的金属以每小时28000公里的速度在地球上流动。）和第四段The problem is very bad and getting worse.There are now about half a million pieces of debris about one centimeter wide or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across.Yet only 27，000 pieces are actively tracked.（这个问题非常严重，而且越来越严重。现在大约有50万块一厘米宽或更大的碎片，1亿块一毫米宽以上的碎片。然而，只有2.7万块碎片被积极追踪。）可知，作者通过列举数字来说明太空垃圾的严重状况。故选A。
（4）标题判断题。根据第一段In May 2021，a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station （ISS）.The main cause was believed to be a piece of space junk.While thankfully no astronauts were injured，it has refocused attention on the growing problem of orbital debris （2021年5月，国际空间站（ISS）上的一个机械臂上发现了一个洞。据信，主要原因是一块太空垃圾。虽然幸运的是没有宇航员受伤，但它将注意力重新集中在日益严重的轨道碎片问题上）可知，文章主要介绍了太空垃圾对太空活动造成了威胁。C项Space Junk：Is It a Disaster Waiting to Happen？（太空垃圾：这是一场等待发生的灾难吗？）是最合适的标题。故选C。
本文为说明文。本文主要讲述了国际空间站上发现机器人臂上的一个洞，原因是太空垃圾。这引起了人们对轨道碎片日益严重的问题的关注。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】D、E、C、B、G
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据前句Children start out as natural scientists，eager to look into the world around them（孩子们天生就是科学家，迫切地想要了解周围的世界）而该空冒号连接的后句是There's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment（没必要搞很多科学术语或昂贵的实验器材），其中there's no need与D选项Helping them enjoy science can be easy（帮他们享受科学可以很容易）中所指的can be easy是呼应的，符合语境。故选D。
（2）段尾总结题。根据第二段中的主题句Listen to their questions.（聆听孩子们的问题）可知，作者在该段描述的场景是一群七岁左右的孩子们提问题，结合空前句就是一个小男孩提问题 "Have you ever seen a grasshopper eat？When I try eating leaves like that，I get a stomachache.Why？"（你见过蚱蜢吃东西吗？当我试着那样吃树叶时，我就会胃痛。为什么？）可知，E选项This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours（这开始了一系列持续几乎两个小时的问题）与段落主题相符，衔接前句，符合语境。故选E。
（3）细节理解题。根据本段的主题是Give them time to think（给孩子们时间思考）及前句Studies over the past 30 years have shown that，after a question，adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer（过去30年的研究表明，在一个问题之后，成年人通常只等一秒钟或更短的时间才能得到答案）可知，C选项There is no time for a child to think（没有时间给一个孩子去思考）呼应段落主题，且与前句衔接紧密，符合语境。故选C。
（4）段落主旨题。空白处是主题句，根据后文Once you have a child in a science discussion，don't jump in with "That's right" or "Very good".These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.But in talking about science，quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead，keep things going by saying，"That's interesting"or "I'd never thought of it that way before，" or coming up with more questions or ideas.（一旦你有一个孩子参加了科学讨论，就不要突然说"这是对的"或"非常好"。当谈到鼓励良好行为时，这些词很有效。但在谈论科学时，快速的赞扬可以表明讨论已经结束。相反，通过说"这很有趣"或"我以前从未想过"，或者提出更多的问题或想法，让事情继续下去）可知，讲述在孩子们进行有关科学的探讨时，措辞方面的注意事项，B选项watch your language（注意你的语言）突出了段落主题，符合语境。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass （放大镜）. （让孩子们用放大镜看看自己的指尖）可知，要鼓励孩子们多观察生活，G选项And they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.（他们会理解你为什么要他们在晚饭前洗手）承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
这是一篇说明文。文章就成年人如何引导孩子们研究科学、了解世界，提出了一些建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~35.【答案】B、A、D、A、C、A、D、C、B、A、C、B、D、A、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.accept接受，承认；B.know认识，知道，了解；C.forgive原谅；D.recognize认出。句意：我六个月大的女儿西耶娜在认识父亲之前就失去了父亲。根据上文My six-month-old daughter，Sienna，had lost her father before she'd even got to可知，她的女儿还很小，还没认识她父亲。故选B项。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.alone单独地，独自地；B.together一起；C.safely安全地；D.well很好地。句意：我不知道如何独自抚养她。根据第一段第一句"Three months had passed since I lost my husband William."可知，作者的丈夫去世了，只剩下她抚养女儿，所以是独自一个人。故选A项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagining想象；B.recording记录；C.living生活；D.rebuilding重建。句意：我得想办法开始重建我的生活。根据本句"I just had to work out how to start （3）my life."可知，此处表示重新建立新生活。故选D项。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.taken up开始从事，占据；B.given up放弃；C.fought against对抗，与……作斗争；D.called off取消，依次叫名，叫走。句意：然后我的思绪又回到了几年前，那时我在当地的健身房开始练拳击。根据上文"Then my mind wandered（漫游）back to a few years earlier"可知，作者当时在健身房练习拳击。故选A项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.hated厌恶，憎恨；B.supported支持；C.enjoyed享受；D.played玩耍。句意：我真的很喜欢这项运动，它让我有了可以专注的事情。根据下文"the exercise and it had given me something to focus on."可知，作者享受这项运动。故选C项。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.nervous紧张的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.happy开心的；D.proud自豪的。句意：我第一次参加训练时很紧张。根据下文"when I turned up for my first training."可知，因为是第一次，当时作者是紧张的。故选A项。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.legs腿；B.hands手；C.arms手臂；D.shoulders肩膀。句意：我感到整个世界的重量慢慢地从我的肩膀上消失了。根据本句"As I built up my strength over the following months，I felt the weight of the world slowly lifting off my （7）."可知，作者感到整个世界的重量慢慢地从她的肩膀上消失了，此处肩膀上的重量其实是表示肩膀上的负担。故选D项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.taking拿；B.forcing强迫；C.cheering欢呼；D.passing经过，通过，传递。句意：我在拳击台上跳来跳去，觉得威廉和西耶娜好像在为我加油。根据下文"Bouncing（弹跳）around the ring，I felt as though William and Sienna"可知，作者觉得威廉和西耶娜好像在为自己加油。这里应用固定短语cheer sb.on意为"为某人打气，某人加油，以欢呼激励某人"。故选C项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.captain队长，首领；B.winner赢家；C.coach教练；D.judge法官，裁判员。句意：当我被宣布为获胜者时，我真的很兴奋。根据上文"I was really excited"可知，她赢得了比赛，成为获胜者。故选B项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.got得到，明白；B.lost失去；C.searched搜索；D.quit放弃。句意：当我在毛利人健康和福利组织找到一份工作时，我想要介绍拳击课程。根据本句"When I （10）a job at a Maori health and well-being organization，I wanted to introduce boxing （11）so I could help others lift their spirits."中的"I wanted to introduce boxing"可知，她获得了这份工作。故选A项。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.teachers教师；B.schools学校；C.classes课程；D.teams队伍。句意：当我在毛利人健康和福利组织找到一份工作时，我想要介绍拳击课程。根据最后一段最后一句内容"If teaching other people boxing can help them on their journey from darkness to light，it's well worth the（15）."可知，此处用"课程"符合题意，boxing classes"拳击课程"。故选C项。
（12）考查副词及语境理解。A.Surely当然，确实；B.Thankfully感谢地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Strangely奇怪地。句意：谢天谢地，我的课程取得了巨大的成功，现在我每周上9节课。根据本句"my classes have been a huge success and I now hold nine classes every week." 可知，课程开设成功，此处表示感谢。故选B项。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.already早已；B.sometimes有时；C.yet还，但是；D.still仍然。句意：自从我们失去威廉，已经三年多了，但我仍然每天想念他。故选D项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.loved爱；B.satisfied使满意；C.respected尊敬；D.missed错过。句意：她总是知道她的父亲是谁，他有多爱她。根据上文how much可知，此处表示她父亲有多爱她。故选A项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.visit参观；B.loss减少，亏损；C.fight打架，斗争；D.money金钱。句意：如果教别人拳击可以帮助他们从黑暗走向光明，那么这场战斗是值得的。根据上文 teaching other people boxing can help them on their journey from darkness to light可知，作者通过拳击改变了自己，认为这是值得的，此处应用fight表示拳击比赛活动。故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在她丈夫去世后，她如何借助练习拳击重新振作起来的故事。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

36.【答案】【小题1】the
【小题2】first
【小题3】Born
【小题4】began
【小题5】as
【小题6】to extract
【小题7】effective
【小题8】which
【小题9】contribution
【小题10】has been respected
【解析】（1）考查冠词。句意：她就是屠呦呦，因获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖而一夜成名。后有具体专业领域的诺贝尔奖项，此处应用定冠词the表示特指，故填the。
（2）考查序数词。句意：她也是第一位获得自然科学奖项的中国科学家。横线处前有定冠词the，此处应用序数词，first第一位的，故填first。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：屠呦呦1930年12月30日出生于浙江宁波，1951年至1955年就读于北京医学院（现北京大学医学部）。be born in出生于，此处为过去分词born作状语，句首单词的首字母要大写，故填Born。
（4）考查时态。句意：随后，她开始在中国中医科学院担任首席研究员。根据上文from 1951 to 1955和Then可知，时态为一般过去时，动词begin应用过去式，故填began。
（5）考查介词。句意：1969年，她作为一个研究小组的负责人，致力于发现一种治疗疟疾的方法。as作为，为介词。work as...担任……，以……身份工作，故填as。
（6）考查不定式。句意：到1972年，她成功地从一种对疟疾非常有效的中草药中提取出了青蒿素。manage to do sth.设法做到某事，故填to extract。
（7）考查形容词。句意：到1972年，她成功地从一种对疟疾非常有效的中草药中提取出了青蒿素。横线处前有be动词is，此处应用形容词作表语，effective有效的，故填effective。
（8）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在中草药的帮助下，屠女士和她的团队战胜了疟疾，这种疾病在过去夺去了数千人的生命。先行词malaria指物，横线处前有逗号，不能使用that，应用which引导，故填which。
（9）考查名词。句意：2019年，由于她的巨大贡献，她被提名为"20世纪最伟大的人"，此后，她因其对医学研究的巨大贡献和卓越的科学成就而受到高度尊重。because of为介词短语，后接名词短语，contribution贡献，为名词，故填contribution。
（10）考查时态语态。句意：2019年，由于她的巨大贡献，她被提名为"20世纪最伟大的人"，此后，她因其对医学研究的巨大贡献和卓越的科学成就而受到高度尊重。be respected for...因……受到尊重，根据since then可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done），主语she为第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has been respected。
本文介绍了中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家屠呦呦，她从中药中提取出青蒿素，为治疗疟疾做出了卓越的贡献。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

37.【答案】Dear Tom，
How is everything going？With the 104th Youth Day approaching，our school intends to hold a lecture on modern students' responsibility for the world.【高分句型一】Since you have a keen interest in it，I am writing to invite you to attend it with me.【高分句型二】
The lecture is scheduled at 3：30 this Friday in the First Lecturing Hall.（讲座的时间和地点） It is aimed at arousing our awareness of participation and our great sense of responsibility for our community，our motherland and even the whole world. （讲座的目的）The lecture covers three parts，including a brief introduction to Youth Day，watching some inspiring videos about some exceptional youths，and sharing a determination to make our own efforts.It will make a huge difference to us.（讲座的内容）
Come and join me in the lecture.
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，作者的爸爸养家很辛苦，但作者并不理解爸爸的世界，一个夏天作者给邻居工作，期待着能拿到的薪水。
高分句型一：With the 104th Youth Day approaching，our school intends to hold a lecture on modern students' responsibility for the world.
翻译：随着第104个青年节的临近，我们学校打算举办一场关于现代学生对世界的责任的讲座。
分析：本句使用了with的复合结构。
高分句型二：Since you have a keen interest in it，I am writing to invite you to attend it with me.
翻译：既然你对它很感兴趣，我写信邀请你和我一起参加。
分析：本句使用了since引导的原因状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。

38.【答案】【小题1】Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead．Refusing to give up at this point，he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could．He dashed across the finishing line and won the fourth prize．Thinking he would let his sister down，Ali couldn't help sobbing．Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule．【高分句型一】Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony，Ali felt overjoyed and relieved as he eventually won the shoes for his sister．【高分句型二】（描写阿里参加比赛以及赢得第三名并且帮妹妹赢得一双鞋的经过）
Filled with delight，Ali walked home quickly．He could not wait to see his sister and share the good news．On his arrival，Ali found Zahra waiting outside．Nervous and anxious，Zahra wondered whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting． "Zahra，see what I have got for you．" Ali said excitedly，taking the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands．The instant Zahra saw the shoes，her face lit up．So thrilled was she that she threw her arms around Ali． "Thank you!Ali．" Tears of joy welled up in their eyes as the brother and the sister hugged tightly together．（阿里拿着鞋子回家送给妹妹的经过）
【小题2】略
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了阿里和他的妹妹扎赫拉和父母住在一个贫民区。他们的母亲病得很重，他们的父亲正在努力寻找足够的工作来支付账单，他们只有一点点钱来买食物。他们已经好几个月没付房租了，房主正紧盯着他们。阿里决定参加一项长跑比赛，来为妹妹赢得一双新鞋。
高分句型一：Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule．
译文：就在这时，他突然听到广播里宣布他获得了三等奖，因为与阿里相撞的赛跑者因违反规定被取消资格。
分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句，who引导定语从句。
高分句型二：Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony，Ali felt overjoyed and relieved as he eventually won the shoes for his sister．
译文：在颁奖典礼上，阿里把鞋子紧贴胸前，当他最终为妹妹赢得鞋子时，他感到欣喜若狂，如释重负。
分析：这句话使用现在分词Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony作状语和as引导的时间状语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
 每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
 （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
 一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
 （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
 根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
 （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
 在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。