新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习练案29选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection

练案[29]　选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2023·沈阳市教学质检一)

When Arun Krishnamurthy was a teenager, he witnessed a pond near his home filled up with trash.The damage to the pond made a great  1.A　 to the beautiful pond in his memory.So he decided to do something to  2.B　 its original beauty.

In 2007, Krishnamurthy and his team founded the EFI to  3.D　 the garbage and restore the natural habitats of birds, frogs and native plants, giving wildlife a chance to  4.A　.Over the last few years, the EFI has  5.C　 restoration work on 112 lakes and ponds.  6.B　, the EFI aimed to restore lakes and ponds.However, its far-reaching influence surprised Krishnamurthy.The work has  7.C　 India's water supply, for it helps groundwater recharge.

In fact, groundwater is  8.C　 to India, accounting for 80%of its water supply.However, overusing water is reducing reserves greatly.The Government is required to take some measures, but Krishnamurthy believes it is  9.A　 that play a significant role.

Currently, the EFI is facing a  10.B　 when it comes to waste disposal(处理)．Up to 95%of the solid waste it  11.D　 from lakes and ponds ends up in landfills.The group is researching on various  12.B　 of reusing and recycling more of the trash.

Despite the difficulties, he feels  13.A　 not only for India but for the world.He  14.D　 everyone to care for lakes and ponds, the dumping(倾倒) of the waste and needs of wildlife.With the right  15.C　, each of us can make a difference to our planet.

语篇导读：在Krishnamurthy的记忆中，池塘是美丽的，然而现在却充满垃圾，因此他希望通过自己的努力去恢复池塘原本的美丽。他和他的团队于2007年创办了EFI，旨在改善自然环境。虽然遇到了各种各样的困难，但是他仍然相信：每个人都可以为环境的改善贡献自己的一份力量。

1．A．contrast  B．difference

C．response  D．contribution

解析：根据空前的“filled up with trash”与空后的“the beautiful pond in his memory”可知，两者形成对比。故选A。

2．A．replace  B．rebuild

C．explore  D．demonstrate

解析：根据语境可知，他决定做一些事情恢复这个池塘的美丽。故选B。

3．A．store  B．recycle

C．destroy  D．remove

解析：根据上文可知，他创办EFI旨在清除垃圾、改善环境，下文中的restore与空处为并列关系。故选D。

4．A．return  B．escape

C．compete  D．remember

解析：参见上题解析。他创办EFI是为了改善环境，使野生生物回归此处。故选A。

5．A．looked into  B．held up

C．carried out  D．cut off

解析：根据语境可知，在过去的几年里，EFI已经在112个湖泊和池塘做了修复工作，A项“调查，细察”；B项“举起，妨碍”；C项“实行，落实”；D项“切断，中断”。故选C。

6．A．Naturally  B．Originally

C．Finally  D．Actually

解析：根据语境可知，EFI的目的在于改善湖泊和池塘的生态环境，但是下文中提及深远的影响，因此从逻辑上推断应该选B项。originally“起初；原来”。故选B。

7．A．changed  B．interrupted

C．benefited  D．reflected

解析：根据语境可知，EFI的工作已有成效。下文中提及“it helps groundwater recharge”，由此可推知，此处表示对印度的供水系统有所贡献。故选C。

8．A．familiar  B．attractive

C．vital  D．cruel

解析：根据语境可知，地下水资源占印度水资源供应量的80%，由此推断地下水资源对印度应该很重要。故选C。

9．A．individuals  B．cities

C．organizers  D．leaders

解析：根据语境可知，要解决水资源问题，政府需要采取措施，由句中的but可知， Krishnamurthy的观点有所不同，在他看来，每个人都起到了重要的作用。故选A。

10．A．choice  B．challenge

C．defeat  D．topic

解析：根据下文内容可知，EFI的工作遇到了挑战。故选B。

11．A．transports  B．forms

C．rescues  D．collects

解析：根据语境可知，从湖泊和池塘中收集来的高达95%的固体垃圾最后被扔进垃圾填埋场。故选D。

12．A．standards  B．methods

C．policies  D．consequences

解析：EFI的工作遇到了挑战，因此他们正在研究用不同的方法来回收利用更多的垃圾。故选B。

13．A．hopeful  B．ready

C．grateful  D．happy

解析：根据语境可知，虽然有困难，但是Krishnamurthy依然努力着，所以可推断他对印度乃至全世界都充满了信心。故选A。

14．A．permits  B．teaches

C．warns  D．urges

解析：他为改善湖泊和池塘的环境继续努力着，因此他呼吁大家都参与到保护环境的行动中来。故选D。

15．A．conclusions  B．assessments

C．intentions  D．occasions

解析：根据语境可知，只要有正确的意图，我们每个人都可以为我们的星球做出贡献。A项“结论，结果”；B项“评估，评定”；C项“打算，意图”；D项“时机，适当的机会”。故选C。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2023·辽宁省大连市双基测试)

Humans are struggling to contain two major crises: Skyrocketing global temperatures and deep-diving biodiversity.People tend to tackle each problem on their own, but in a new report,50 scientists from around the world argue that treating each crisis alone means missing out on solutions that resolve both.Humans can't solve one without also solving the other.

So what might these solutions look like？For instance, you turn a heavily damaged forest into a national park.As the trees grow back, they would store carbon in their tissues and provide habitats for the return of animals.Rather than planting a single species of tree to balance some factory's carbon emissions(排放物), letting a forest come back naturally will make it more resilient.This is known as a nature-based solution，a campaign that both absorbs carbon and provides an extra ecological or economic benefit.

Preventing humans' attack on ecosystems can also help fight climate change.Even cities can take part in the action.Urban areas turn into“heat islands”， because they absorb the sun's energy during the day and slowly release it at night.Therefore, they are much hotter than surrounding rural areas.Planting more trees cools cities, and provides habitats for birds and shade for humans, which will be ever more critical as global temperatures rise.

The big warning is that nature-based solutions alone can't stop climate change.First and foremost, humans have to dramatically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.Besides，“governments and factories are becoming aware of the importance of maintaining biodiversity while also fighting climate change，”says Betsy Beymer-Farris, from the University of Kentucky.Planting a single species of tree to balance emissions is out, and more effective solutions are increasingly in.“I myself, as a professor who has been working in this for 20 years, see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon.”

语篇导读：本文主要介绍了对抗全球变暖与保护物种多样性并行的方法。

1．What do the underlined words“make it more resilient”in Paragraph 2 mean？ A 

A．Help the forest recover easily and quickly.

B．Let the trees grow stronger and taller.

C．Get the ecosystem to become out of balance.

D．Make the solution become more accessible.

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“letting a forest come back naturally”，并结合其后的“This is known as a nature-based solution，a campaign that both absorbs carbon and provides an extra ecological or economic benefit.”可知，后一句中的This指代上句中的“letting a forest come back naturally”，表示“让森林自然恢复”这种方法被称为一种基于自然的解决方案，既吸收碳又提供额外的生态或经济效益。据此可推知， make it more resilient意为“帮助森林轻松快速地恢复”。故选A。

2．How can cities be made cooler according to the text？ A 

A．By planting more trees.

B．By absorbing the sun's energy.

C．By closing down more factories.

D．By providing shade for humans.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Planting more trees cools cities”可知，种植更多的树木可以为城市降温，所以人们可以通过种植更多的树木来使城市变得更凉爽。故选A。

3．How did Betsy Beymer-Farris feel about the future of the ecology？ C 

A．Worried.  B．Uncertain.

C．Hopeful.  D．Satisfied.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I... see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon.”可知， 贝齐·贝默法里斯看到了希望，因为她看到了很多即将发生的变化。据此可知，贝齐·贝默法里斯对未来是充满希望的。故选C。

4．What is the purpose of writing the passage？ B 

A．To express scientists' concern over climate change.

B．To call on people to protect species and battle global warming.

C．To encourage people to plant a single species of tree.

D．To stress the importance of cutting down carbon emissions.

解析：目的意图题。通读全文内容，尤其是文章第一段可知，本文主要介绍了当前人类面临两大危机：全球气温急剧上升和物种多样性急剧减少，而为了对抗这两种危机，人们应当采用抵御全球变暖与保护物种多样性并行的方法，即文章的写作意图在于呼吁人们将保护物种与对抗全球变暖统一起来。故选B。

Ⅲ.七选五

(2023·湖北省七市联合调研)

Three Things We Must Do to Tackle Climate Change

With world leaders meeting at the international climate change conference in Glasgow to discuss urgent global action to meet one of the greatest challenges, many people still don't know what must be done. 1.E　 However, the good news we get from the report is that it is not too late to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, if we respond rapidly and decisively.But how？It comes down to the following three things.

Stop using fossil fuels gradually. 2.D　 That means no exploration, no new wells, mines, pipelines, or power plants.We already have a vast amount of fossil fuel infrastructure (基础设施), and it will take decades to end its use.

 3.B　 Sun and wind are the fastest-growing new sources of energy we have.Their costs have fallen sharply, making them the least expensive options and encouraging the adoption of clean energy in more and more locations.

Protect the world's forests.Forests all over the world currently absorb about a third of the carbon dioxide our activities send out to the atmosphere. 4.G　 And this must stop.To meet the planet's growing food needs, experts urge improved management practices on already-cleared land rather than clearing new land.

Finally, it is high time that we joined hands to protect the only home we have.If so, we can take on the challenge whatever the difficulty is. 5.F　 The three actions we suggest are essential for success.

A．Boost the development of new technology.

B．Speed up the use of clean, renewable energy.

C．The alarming messages released urged us to change our lifestyle.

D．To achieve this, we must allow no new development of coal, oil and gas.

E．The“code red”report from the conference greatly shocked many people.

F．We are on a mission to save the planet Earth, its people and its natural wonders.

G．Tropical forests(热带雨林) are especially at risk and still being cleared for agricultural uses.

语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章针对气候变化问题提出三件我们必须做的事情，以此呼吁我们携手保护我们唯一的家园。

解析：

1．考查逻辑&复现推断。下文“However, the good news we get from the report is that...”提到报告中的好消息，由表示转折的副词However可知，该空应与“好消息”构成语义上的转折。E项(会议的“红色代码”报告让许多人大吃一惊。)符合语境，其中的report以及conference均为原词复现。故选E。

2．考查语境&复现推断。上文“Stop using fossil fuels gradually.”为本段主旨句，提出建议人们逐渐停止使用化石燃料，故设空处应是表示具体的做法；再根据设空处后的“That means no exploration, no new wells...”可知，此处指不再开发新的化石燃料。D项(为了实现这一目标，我们必须不允许煤炭、石油和天然气的新开发。)承上启下，符合语境，其中的this指代上文整句， coal, oil, gas与上文中的fossil fuels相呼应。故选D。

3．考查语境推断。设空处为本段的首句，应是本段的主题句，根据文章结构可知，此处应为祈使句。再根据设空处后的“Sun and wind are the fastest-growing new sources of energy we have.”可知，本段应是建议加快清洁可再生能源的使用。B项(加快清洁可再生能源的使用。)符合语境。故选B。

4．考查语境&复现推断。根据本段的首句“Protect the world's forests.”可知，本段重点讲保护森林；再结合设空处后的“And this must stop.”可知，设空处应表示破坏森林的行为。G项(热带雨林面临的风险尤其大，仍因农业用途而遭到砍伐。)符合语境，其中forests为原词复现，设空处后的this则指代G项内容。故选G。

5．考查语境推断。根据本段首句中的“it is high time that we joined hands to protect the only home we have”可知，本段对全文做出总结，呼吁人们携手保护我们唯一的家园。F项(我们肩负着拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上的自然奇观的使命。)对保护家园做了进一步的阐释，符合语境。故选F。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2023·山东省淄博市一模)

Throughout their annual cycles, migratory(迁徙的) birds face  1.diverse　(diversity) threats from both climate change and human activity.The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service works with governments, conservation organizations, various industries, and the public  2.to preserve　(preserve) the birds for future generations.There are simpler ways for the public to help protect birds around their communities  3.than　 they thought.

Many of the 1,093 species of birds  4.protected　(protect) under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act are experiencing population decline.About 8%of those bird species  5.were listed　(list) as either threatened or endangered not long ago.Millions of acres of bird habitats are lost  6.or　 worsened every year due to development, agriculture, and forestry practices.These  7.rapidly　(rapid) accelerating impacts can be softened only by means of habitat restoration and protection.In addition, millions of birds are directly killed due to human activity.The  8.death　(die)from natural causes is also common for the birds.

Conserving migratory bird populations  9.requires　(require)a multi-faceted(多方面的) approach.The many successful bird conservation activities which the U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service is a part  10.of　 with partners are the very examples.

语篇导读：候鸟面临着诸多威胁，美国鱼类及野生动物管理局与多方合作以保护这些鸟类。

解析：

1．考查形容词。空处作定语修饰名词threats，应用形容词。diverse“各种各样的”。故填diverse。

2．考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词works，空处是非谓语动词。美国鱼类及野生动物管理局与多方合作的目的是保护这些候鸟，故用不定式作目的状语。故填to preserve。

3．考查状语从句。根据前面的simpler 可知，此处用than引导比较状语从句。故填than。

4．考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是“are experiencing”，故空处是非谓语动词作后置定语， protect与“Many of the 1,093 species of birds”是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填protected。

5．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据时间状语“not long ago”可知用一般过去时；主语是“About 8%of those bird species”，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；list与主语是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填were listed。

6．考查并列连词。此处表示“数百万英亩的鸟类栖息地要么丧失要么条件恶化”，应用并列连词or表示选择关系。故填or。

7．考查副词。空处修饰现在分词accelerating，应用副词rapidly。故填rapidly。

8．考查名词。空处作主语，表示“自然原因导致的死亡”，且其前有定冠词The修饰，应用名词，再根据谓语is可知，空处填death。故填death。

9．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，且此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时。故填requires。

10．考查介词。分析句子结构可知，“which the U．S.Fish...partners”是定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，故空处应是介词。be(a) part of“是……的一部分”，是固定搭配。故填of。