新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习练案22选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceAndScientists

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练案[22]　选择性必修第二册　UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSⅠ.阅读理解A(2023·福建省泉州市第二次质检)From sleep machines to AI-controlled house cleaning robots，a wide variety of advanced technologies and products are being exhibited at the 4th China International Import Expo(CIIE) in Shanghai.Here are some products you don't want to miss.Electric bicycle Brina 2For many people，a daily commute(通勤) is often a source of headaches.Emov Inc., an exhibitor from Argentina, has presented electric bicycle Brina 2 as a solution.Running on long-range batteries, the e-bike has a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour.Almost all the components are designed within the carbon fiber frame.Its scientific design makes the ride more stable and comfortable than other conventional e-bikes.AI robot—a right-hand assistant for life and productionThe AI robot from Agile Robots AG，a leading intelligent robotics company from Germany, helps make life and work easier.With the ability to synthesize(综合) and adjust motion tracks in real time, the robot is a great assistant.For instance, it can aid humans in tasks like loading and unloading, polishing and quality inspection.Power-PRO XT—a reliable stretcher bedPower-PRO XT is an electric ambulance stretcher bed designed by Stryker Corporation from the U．S..Compared with traditional stretchers, Power-PRO XT is driven by a high-speed motor that enables it to easily lift or lower a load weighing 318 kilograms within 2.4 seconds.More importantly, it can smoothly and safely lift and move, providing greater safety for patients.Sleeping cabin—a night guard for sound sleepA recent study found that more than two-thirds of surveyed university students in Brazil are experiencing poor sleep quality.The sleeping cabin made by the Dow Chemical Company from the U．S.can provide its users with a better sleep.As a combination of great material and technology, the cabin can provide customers with a deeper and more refreshing sleeping experience.语篇导读：本文介绍了第四届中国国际进口博览会上展览的几种高科技产品。1．Which product most probably interests a factory manager？ B  A．Brina 2.  B．AI robot.C．Power-PRO XT.  D．Sleeping cabin.解析：推理判断题。根据AI robot—a right-hand assistant for life and production部分的最后一句可知，人工智能机器人可以帮助人类完成装卸、抛光和质量检查等任务，这些符合工厂经理的需求。故选B。2．What can Power-PRO XT be used for？ C  A．Traveling to work.  B．Quality control.C．First aid.  D．Sleep improvement.解析：细节理解题。根据Power-PRO XT-a reliable stretcher bed部分中的“an electric ambulance stretcher bed”可知，它是一个电动的救护车担架床，故它可以用于急救。故选C。3．Which word can best describe these products？ A  A．Cutting-edge.  B．Eco-friendly.C．Cost-effective.  D．Efficiency-enhancing.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a wide variety of advanced technologies and products”并结合后文可知，这些产品都是第四届中国国际进口博览会上的先进产品，A项(最先进的)符合题意。故选A。B(2023·河北省五校联盟模拟)Everything you know is in your brain.For what you don't, you can ask the web.However, as you can imagine, in the past there were no computers and no web at all.Think about people living 3,500 years ago, in places where pyramids towered above them.The lack of explanations about how things worked inspired the ancients to make discoveries and feed their curiosity.But do not think they knew nothing：In fact, we still wonder how the Egyptians could build the pyramids using their own, rather rudimentary equipment.They wrote down their knowledge on books(called papyrus scrolls)so that later people could benefit from their skills.Living safer and healthier was a top priority for the ancients：When they hurt their heads in battles, they used to heal their wounds using the cures, some of which were recorded on a papyrus now known as the Edwin Smith Papyrus.Interestingly, this is the oldest written evidence of the word“brain”we have on Earth, and it dates back to 3,500 years ago!However, writing the word“brain”on a papyrus did not solve all the questions about it.Around 2,500 years ago, for example, ancient Greeks wondered whether mind and soul lay in the brain or in the heart.2,000 years ago, Roman physician Galen of Pergamon was sure he had solved the question：It was the brain, not the heart, that was the center of mental life.However, Galen had to convince the people around him that what he had discovered was true.It was not easy, mostly because people held their earlier beliefs.Every neuroscientist, just like Galen did, has to carefully observe reality, focus on something that is really interesting, think about how it can work, perform experiments, and discuss the data they get.This way, they can obtain convincing evidence to be shared with others.语篇导读：在没有电脑和网络的时代，人们是如何对未知事物进行探索的？精神生活的中心是大脑还是心脏？本文主要介绍了古埃及人、古希腊人和古罗马人的相关探索，以及他们所表现出的科学精神。4．What encouraged the ancients to make discoveries? C  A．The hope for keeping curiosity.B．The need for writing books.C．The search for explanations.D．The wish to work faster.解析：细节理解题。结合第一段中“The lack of explanations about how things worked inspired the ancients to make discoveries and feed their curiosity.”可知，对万物如何运行的解释的缺乏激发古人去进行探索，以满足他们的好奇心。故选C。5．Which word can best replace“rudimentary”underlined in Paragraph 2？ B  A．Complicated.  B．Primitive.C．Electrical.  D．Protective.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句语境可知，此处表示“事实上，我们仍然想知道埃及人是如何用他们自己相当原始的设备建造金字塔的”，故rudimentary意为“原始的；早期的”，B项与其意思最为接近。故选B。6．What can be learned about the Edwin Smith Papyrus？ A  A．It was probably a medical text.B．It was finished 2,500 years ago.C．It was considered useless at first.D．It was written by Galen of Pergamon.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...heal their wounds using the cures, some of which were recorded on a papyrus now known as the Edwin Smith Papyrus.”可知，当他们在战斗中受伤时，他们会用某种治疗方法来疗伤，一些治疗方法被记录在现在被称为《艾德温·史密斯纸草文稿》的书上，由此可推知，这很有可能是一本医学方面的书籍。故选A。7．How did Galen convince people of his discovery？ C  A．By finding evidence from papyrus scrolls.B．By asking many scientists to support him.C．By following strict scientific methods.D．By teaching people to do experiments.解析：推理判断题。结合文章最后一段中“...carefully observe reality, focus on something that is really interesting...discuss the data they get.”可知，这些都是科学研究的步骤，因此盖伦是通过遵循严谨的科学研究方法说服人们认可他的发现的。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五(2023·湖北省八市联考)The reasons skiers and snowboarders wear goggles (护目镜) or glasses might seem a little obvious，especially if you've ever hit the slopes yourself.Sunlight reflected off the snow can make it hard to see, and UV (紫外的) rays can even damage your eyesight.Special colored lenses(镜片) also create contrast, so your whole path won't look like one flat expanse of whiteness. 1.F　Olympic speed skaters, meanwhile, are racing inside on smooth ice. 2.B　According to NBC Olympics, glasses can increase visibility on indoor tracks, too. 3.D　 And while the ice may look smooth from a distance, those sharp blades can kick up ice chips that could pose problems if they end up in your eyes.In the event of a crash, shatter-proof glasses also protect skaters' eyes from errant blades. 4.G　 Short-track speed skaters(who race around a roughly 111-meter track) can go as fast as 30 miles per hour or more, and long-track speed skaters(whose track is 400 meters long) sometimes hit about 35 miles per hour.The wind resistance generated by such speed—in a chilly arena(圆形运动场)—is enough to make any skater's eyes start streaming with tears.Picture leaning your head out of the window of a car that's going around 35 miles per hour on a cold day：You'd probably want to be wearing glasses, too.That said, glasses aren't a requirement. 5.E　 Belgium's Stijn Desmet, for example, has raced in Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games without eyewear, as has China's Zhang Chutong.A．How do they wear glasses?B．So why do they wear glasses?C．Some skiers are afraid of the sunlight.D．Some skaters' lenses are tinted to help with that.E．You'll occasionally see speed skaters with uncovered visages.F．Not to mention that eyewear shields your eyes from any snow you displace.G．But the biggest reason speed skaters opt for eyewear just might be their speed.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。从科学的角度解释了速滑运动员佩戴眼镜的原因。解析：1．考查语境推断。根据上文可知，本段介绍了滑雪者佩戴护目镜或眼镜的原因，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明原因。故F项(更不用说眼镜防止飞溅的雪跑进你的眼睛里了。)符合语境。故选F。2．考查语境&复现推断。根据上文“Olympic speed skaters, meanwhile, are racing inside on smooth ice.”可知，室内比赛的速滑选手也要佩戴眼镜，且由下一段中的“According to NBC Olympics, glasses can increase visibility on indoor tracks, too.”可知，下一段内容对其进行了解释，由此可知，本句为过渡句，应提出他们为什么要佩戴眼镜的问题。故B项(为什么他们要佩戴眼镜呢？)符合语境。B项中的glasses为原词复现。故选B。3．考查语境推断。根据设空处前一句可知，佩戴眼镜也可以增强在室内冰场的可视度，本句应继续解释上文中的内容，说明戴眼镜是为了看得更清楚。故D项(为了看得更清楚，一些速滑选手的镜片会进行着色。)符合语境。故选D。4．考查语境&复现推断。根据下文“Short-track speed skaters...long-track speed skaters...”以及“Picture leaning your head out of the window of a car that's going around 35 miles per hour on a cold day”可知，本段主要说明，速滑时速度过快、风阻过强，所以运动员需要戴眼镜来保护眼睛。故G项(但是速滑选手选择佩戴眼镜最主要的原因可能就是他们的速度。)符合语境。G项中的speed为原词复现。故选G。5．考查语境推断。根据上文中的“glasses aren't a requirement”以及下文“Belgium's Stijn Desmet...without eyewear, as has China's Zhang Chutong.”可知，下文的例子说明有选手不佩戴眼镜的情况。故E项(你偶尔会看到不戴眼镜的速滑选手。)符合语境。故选E。Ⅲ.语法填空(2022·山东省济南市二模)Wu Mengchao,  1.known　(know) as“the father of Chinese hepatobility(肝胆外科) surgery”， died on May 22rd,2021, aged 99.The academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had established  2.a　 unique system of liver surgery in China and devoted  3.himself　(he) to saving people's lives for nearly eight decades.He continued working into his 90s, seeing patients and  4.performing　(perform) more than 16,000 operations.In 1927, Wu and his mother went to join his father in Malaysia before  5.successfully　(successful) returning to China in 1940.In July,1949 he graduated from the School of Medicine of Tongji University.In 1956 he joined the army after he  6.was admitted　(admit) to the Communist Party of China.In addition to saving lives, he treated every patient well.In order to save medical expenses for the patients, he always insisted  7.on　 stitching(缝合) wound with a needle and thread, instead of using an automatic sewing machine.Thanks to his  8.contributions　(contribute) and professional ethics, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991.In 2006, he was presented the National Science and Technology Award.But he donated the 6 million yuan award to talent cultivation and rewards.“ 9.What　 I value is not miracles, but saving lives.Doctors should use their sense of responsibility  10.to help　(help) patients overcome difficulties one by one.”语篇导读：本文主要介绍了“中国肝胆外科之父”吴孟超的人生经历和对祖国的贡献。解析：1．考查非谓语动词。句意：“中国肝胆外科之父”吴孟超于2021年5月22日逝世，享年99岁。be known as为固定搭配，意为“被称为；以……闻名”。在句中作后置定语省略了系动词be。故填known。2．考查冠词。句意：这位中国科学院院士在中国建立了一套独特的肝脏手术体系，致力于拯救人们的生命将近80年。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一套独特的体系”，应用不定冠词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。3．考查代词。句意见上一题解析。devote oneself to doing sth.意为“某人致力于做某事”，为固定搭配， 故填himself。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他一直工作到90多岁，给病人看病并做了16 000多场手术。分析句子成分可知，此处和seeing并列作状语，应用现在分词形式。故填performing。5．考查副词。句意：1927年，吴(孟超)和母亲前往马来西亚与父亲团聚，1940年成功回国。分析句子成分可知，设空处作状语修饰returning，应用副词。故填successfully。6．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：他加入中国共产党后，于1956年参军。分析句子成分可知，设空处作从句谓语；根据语境可知，此处叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语he和动词admit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是第三人称单数， be动词应用was。故填was admitted。7．考查介词。句意：为了节省病人的医疗费用，他总是坚持用针和线缝合伤口，而不是使用自动缝合机。insist on doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”，为固定搭配。故填on。8．考查名词复数。句意：由于他的贡献和职业道德，他于1991年被选为中国科学院院士。分析句子成分可知，设空处在介词to后作宾语，应用名词；contribution意为“贡献”时是可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式。故填contributions。9．考查名词性从句。句意：我重视的不是奇迹，而是拯救生命。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的东西”，应用what引导。故填What。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：医生应该用他们的责任感帮助病人一个一个地克服困难。分析句子成分并根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to help。Ⅳ.应用文写作(2023·苏锡常镇四市调研一)假如你是李华，3月20日你们全班同学参观了市博物馆。请你为校英文报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：1．参与人员、时间；2．活动内容；3．活动反响。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。A Visit to the City Museum参考范文：A Visit to the City MuseumOn March 20th, all the students in Class 7, Grade 12 paid a visit to the city museum, which turned out to be a rewarding and productive journey.With the guidance of the museum staff, the students walked from one exhibition hall to another, appreciating the delicate art works made by our ancestors with keen interest.They were also lucky enough to get involved in a hands-on activity where they practiced some traditional crafts.This immersive(沉浸式的) experience was highly spoken of by every student, who gained a deeper insight into magnificent Chinese culture and consequently took more pride in our time-honored civilization.