2023年初中英语句子成分语法分析之状语

2023年初中英语句子成分语法分析之状语什么是状语（状语的作用）状语是一种修饰成分，用于修饰动词，形容词，其他状语或整个句子。下面详述状语在句子中的主要作用。1) 修饰动词状语在句子中很多时候用于修饰动词(包括谓语动词和非谓语动词)。用于表示动词发生的时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、伴随等。You can put it down anywhere. 你可以随便放哪里都行。 (表地点)The company will go bankrupt unless business improves.. 如果生意再无起色，公司非倒闭不可。(表条件)The meeting has been called off last night after the deadly explosion. 昨晚发生致命爆炸袭击之后，会议已经被取消。(表时间)Seeing nobody in the office, she had to leave a note. 看到没有人在办公室，她只好留下张便条。 (表原因)2) 修饰形容词或副词（状语）这类状语用于表示所修饰的形容词或副词的程度，起到增强、减弱或强调的作用。Most of them are completely innocent. 他们中大多数人是完全无辜的。This is a highly effective way to refine sugar. 这是一个制糖的高效方法。They will arrive here pretty soon. 他们很快就会到达这儿。Eggs are extremely well adapted to men's needs. 蛋极易适合人的需要。3) 修饰整个句子的状语。这一类状语通常位于句首，用逗号隔开，用于表示说话人对句子内容的看法、态度、评价等。Frankly, I think his lesson is very boring. 坦白讲，我觉得他的课很枯燥。Most likely, they’ll have to pay a high price for it. 他们很可能要为此付出很高的代价。4) 起连接作用的状语There has been a big increase in foreign trade last year. In addition, foreign funds are more effectively utilized. 去年外贸有大的增长。此外，外汇更有效地利用。He missed the train and therefore missed the accident. 他没赶上那班火车，也因此逃过了车祸。The role of the father in the traditional family was to provide for his family. Similarly, the father in the modern family is expected to do so. 传统家庭中父亲的角色是供养家庭。同样，现代家庭里的父亲也被期望这么做。可以充当状语的词和结构状语可以由以下的词和结构来充当：1) 副词This car engine runs very quietly. 这辆汽车的发动机噪音很小。He immediately switched off the light. 他立刻把灯熄灭。Undoubtedly, he is the best chess player in this country. 毫无疑问，他是这个国家最好的(国际象棋)棋手。2) 介词短语Fresh water was taken to this area by air. 新鲜的水通过空运到达这里。I have been waiting for more than half an hour. 我已经等了不只半小时。3) 不定式I went there to see my old friend. 我到那里去见我的老朋友。To be honest, I am still quite confused about this. 说实话，我仍然对这个感到很困惑。4) 现在分词Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work. 做出决定后，他们就立即开始工作。He hurriedly ran into the house looking for places to hide. 他匆匆跑进屋里寻找藏身之地。5) 过去分词Compared to ours their house is a palace. 他们的房子和我们的相比简直就是皇宫。.She came in, followed by her husband. 她走进来，丈夫跟随其后。6) 形容词Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote. 因为急于快速作出决定，主席要求投票表决。He said nothing but sat silent smoking. 他什么话也没说，只是静静坐在那里抽着烟。7) 名词See you next week. 下周见。They consider it better to do it that way. 他们认为那样做更妥当些。8）从句(即状语从句)She looked at me curiously as I opened the door. 我开门时，她好奇地看着我。I’ll come to your place when I am free. 我一有空就会到你那里。9) 独立主格Everything prepared, we started our new journey. 一切准备就绪，我们开始新的旅程。10) 复合结构With the task completed successfully, they went home happily. 成功地完成任务后，他们高兴地回了家。状语的位置与汉语比较，英语状语的位置要灵活得多。在汉语中状语通常位于动词之前，而英语中的状语位于动词之后或之前都很常见。1. 状语修饰动词时的位置1) 状语修饰动词，常位于动词之后。His father has died suddenly. 他父亲突然去世了。The police came at once after receiving my call. 警察接到我的电话就立刻赶来了。Light travels extremely fast. 光的速度极快。2) 如果动词之后有跟宾语，则状语要位于宾语之后。His eyes adapted to the dark slowly. 他的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。The lady wanted to see her kid very badly. 那位女士很渴望见到她的小孩。3) 状语也可以置于动词之前，特别是一些副词。They quickly got used to this new way of life.　他们很快就适应了这种新生活方式。The little snail slowly moves to the door of its shell. 小蜗牛慢慢地爬到壳口。[注]1) 当需要对状语进行强调时，可以将状语移到句首。After midnight, the curfew began. 午夜之后，宵禁开始了。2) 注意有时状语可以移位到宾语之前。这时比较考验阅读者的语感。详细可见《状语提前》一文。He was very tall and carried over his head an umbrella. 他很高，头上撑着一把伞。2. 状语修饰副词或形容词时的位置状语修饰副词或形容词时，通常位于副词或形容词之前。Given his age, this is absolutely impossible. 鉴于他的年龄，这绝对是不可能的。We can't go any further. 我们不能再往前走了。注意，副词enough 比较特别，应放于形容词和副词之后。He was intelligent enough to turn off the gas. 他关掉了煤气，够聪明的。We didn't leave early enough. 我们离开得不够早。3. 状语也可以位于句首，修饰整个句子或起连接作用。Admittedly, the local people didn't know that at the time. 不可否认,当地的人当时并不知道情况。It's too late to go out now. Besides, it starts raining outside. 现在出去太晚了。此外，外边也开始下起雨来了。4. 状语还可以作为插入成分，特别是插入到主语和谓语之间。This is, in fact, a new type of humour. 这个事实上是一种新式的幽默。Susan, horrified at what she had seen, could not say a word. 苏珊被看到的东西吓着了，什么话也说不出。