高中英语人教版新教材选择性必修一 unit1 词汇用法重点句型讲解

高中英语选修一 unit1 词汇用法重点句型讲解一、背诵清单1.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的(crucial)；充满生机的be vital for/to sth 对……极其重要be of vital importance to...对……至关重要It is vital that sb (should) do sth 某人做某事是极其重要的It is vital to do...做……很重要eg. Faced with such a vital problem of life and death, he still kept calm, which made us all surprised.(人物描写)面对着这样重大的生死问题， 他仍保持冷静，这使我们都很吃惊。2.commit vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)•commit mistakes/a crime 犯错误/犯罪commit oneself to sth/doing sth/do sth专心致志于；承诺；保证(做某事、遵循协议或安排等)commit sth(time/money) to (doing) sth 投入时间/金钱(做)某事•committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的be committed to (doing) sth 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事•commitmentn.承诺，保证；花费；投入，忠于eg. I strongly suggest that you (should)commit one hour to reading English，which will gradually improve your spoken English.(建议信)　我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。3.objective n.目标；目的(aim, purpose)adj.客观的【联想】　发表“观点态度”：①subjective adj.主观的　②neutral adj.中立的③indifferent adj.漠不关心的④unconcerned adj.漠不关心的4.evaluate vt.评价；评估；估计•evaluate sb on...根据……评价某人•evaluationn.估计，评价make an evaluation of...对……进行评估eg. It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall qualities.(建议信)　人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。5.property n.性质；特征；财产【联想】　“财富，财产”相关名词小聚：①fortune　②treasure　③wealth　④possessions⑤belongings6.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；贏得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行obtain knowledge 获得知识obtain one’s degree 获得学位obtain a scholarship 获得奖学金【同义】　get, acquire, gain7.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)(recognize)；(公开)感谢•acknowledge...to be/as...承认……是/为……acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事•acknowledgedadj.公认的It is acknowledged that...……是大家公认的•acknowledgementn.承认；感谢eg. (全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.(影评)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，并且充满激情。8.defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜•suffer a defeat 遭受失败accept/acknowledge defeat 接受/承认失败•defeat an enemy 打败敌人be defeated 被打败eg. We hadn’t made a full preparation; that’s why we suffered a defeat.(学校生活)我们没有做充分的准备，这就是我们遭受失败的原因。9.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然(obviously/evidently)•As is apparently shown in the picture/passage above...正如上面图画/文中所明显展示的那样……•apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的It is apparent (to sb) that...(对某人来说)显然……eg. Apparently, he has made full preparations for the interview.→It is apparent thathe has made full preparations for the interview.显然，他为这次面试做了充分的准备。10.insist vt. & vi.坚持；坚决要求(1)“insist (坚决要求/主张) that...”， 从句用虚拟语气；(2)“insist (坚持说/认为) that...”， 从句用陈述语气；(3)“insist on/upon(doing) sth”意为“坚持(做)某事”。【联想】　词根-sist的单词集锦：①consist vi.由……组成　②assist v.协助③resist v.抵抗　④persist vt.坚持11.conclusion n.结论；推论•come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论•concludevt. & vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结conclude　conclude sth以……结束……eg. In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain and sunshine.(季节描写)总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。12.flee vi. & vt.迅速离开；逃跑【联想】　ABB型不规则动词：①flee→fled→fled　②bend→bent→bent③lend→lent→lent　④meet→met→met⑤understand→understood→understood⑥think→thought→thought13.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况under/in no circumstances 绝不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下eg. Furthermore，under no circumstancesis punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.另外，惩罚绝不是一种帮助他们在精神和身体方面健康成长的明智的选择。14.novelist n.小说家【联想】　词缀-ist表示“从事……的人”：①art→artist 艺术家　②science→scientist科学家　③journal→journalist新闻工作者　④economy→economist经济学家　⑤piano→pianist钢琴家⑥physics→physicist物理学家15.consequence n.结果；后果•as a consequence 因此；结果as a consequence of 由于……的缘故•consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequentlyadv.因此；结果eg. I didn’t keep my promise.As a consequence,he doesn’t keep in touch with me any longer.　我没有遵守我的诺言。 结果，他不再和我联系了。16.take up a position 担任；任职take up 接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间)take off 脱掉；起飞；成名；开始成功take in 接受；收留；理解；明白；欺骗take on 雇用；呈现(新面貌等)；承担take over 接管；接收eg. He has made up his mind to take up a position as a doctor in the future.(人物介绍)他已下定决心将来当一名医生。17.remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的•be remarkable for 因……引人注目•remarkn.谈论；评论 v.谈论；评论remark on/upon...谈论/评论……remark that...谈到/说起……make a remark/remarks on/upon...对……发表评论/看法•remarkablyadv.显著地；非常地eg. The teacher made a remark on my essay, adding that it was well written, which made me proud.(演讲稿)老师评论我的文章写得很好，这让我很自豪。18.sum vi.总结；概括 n.金额；款项；总数；总和sum up 总结；概括a large sum of 一大笔；大量的【联想】　“总而言之”的表达：to sum up，in conclusion，in short，in brief，in a word，all in all教材词块1.come to power (开始)掌权；上台2.be mistaken for 被误认为是3.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗4.be awarded to 被授予给5.a crucial new treatment for malaria 一种重要的疟疾新疗法6.a committed and patient scientist 一位忠诚和耐心的科学家7.with the objective of discovering a new treatment 目的是发现治疗的新方法8.get stuck 进入僵局；遇到困难9.analyse the medical texts 分析医学文献10.make great achievements in physics and mathematics 在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就11.scientific research 科学研究12.spread Chinese medicine around the world 把中医传播到世界各地13.make numerous contributions to the world 为世界做出许多贡献14.out of a strong passion for knowledge 出于对知识的强烈热情15.be recorded as a miracle 被记载为奇迹【教材佳句】1.In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.(定语从句)在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。2.In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.(过去分词作定语)1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.”(upon/on doing一……就……)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。”4.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(It is an honour for sb/sth to do对……来说是一种荣誉)中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。5.He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(人物描写)他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。句型公式|It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句(1)It  is/was said/thought/reported/hoped/agreed/proved  that...据说/大家认为/据报道/大家希望/据同意/据证实……(2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式：①Sb/Sth＋be＋believed/said/thought/reported/...＋to  do sth (hope除外)②People/Sb＋believe/say/think/report/...＋that...①It is reported thata space station will be built on the moon in years to come.据报道，一座空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is hoped that you could make it to this wonderful event.(邀请信)　希望你能来参加这个精彩的活动。   二、单词汇总【课内】1.crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的2.boilvt. & vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点3.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；贏得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行4.defeatn.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜5.insistvi. & vt.坚持；坚决要求6.fleevi. & vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑7.mostlyadv.主要地，一般地8.circumstancen.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况9.foundvt.创建；建立；把……建立在10.consequencen.结果；后果11.encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇12.remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的13.vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的14.propertyn.性质；特征；财产15.theoryn.理论；学说16.geniusn.(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋17.patentn.专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的18.passionn.酷爱；激情19.encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇20.professorn.教授21.mournvt. & vi.哀悼；忧伤22.remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的23.devicen.方法；技巧；装置；仪器24.draftn.草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟25.physiologyn.生理学；生理机能26.botanicaladj.植物学的27.substancen.物质；物品；事实根据28.numerousadj.众多的；许多的29.extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的30.moustachen.上唇的胡子；髭【课外】1.commitvt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitmentn.投入；奉献；承诺2.analys(z)evt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析3.sciencen.科学→scientificadj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientistn.科学家4.concludevt.断定；推断出→conclusionn.结论；推论5.noveln.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；新奇的→novelistn.小说家6.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgedadj.公认的→acknowledgementn.承认；感谢7.gentleadj.温柔的；文静的→gentlyadv.轻轻地；温和地→gentlenessn.温顺；亲切8.academyn.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academicadj.学业的；学术的9.apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的→apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然10.evaluatevt.评价；评估→evaluationn.评估，评价11.gradualadj.逐渐的；平缓的→graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地12.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctionn.区别，差别 三、短语词块汇总【课内】1.commit__oneself__to__sth/doing__sth/do__sth专心致志于；承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2.insist__on坚决要求3.come__to__power(开始)掌权；上台4.take__up__a__position担任；任职5.sum__up总结；概括6.wear__and__tear(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗7.make numerous contributions to 为……做出许多贡献8.out of a strong passion for knowledge 出于对知识的强烈热情9.by chance 偶然；意外地10.be mistaken for 被误认为是【课外】1.be__vital__for/to对……极其重要2.be__committed__to__(doing)__sth承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事3.obtain__a__scholarship获得奖学金4.come__to/reach/arrive__at/draw__a__conclusion得出结论5.suffer__a__defeat遭受失败6.a large sum of 一大笔；大量的7.remark on/upon...谈论/评论……8.take over 接管；接收9.as a consequence of 由于……的缘故10.under/in no circumstances 绝不