2021-2022学年江苏省扬州中学高二下学期6月质量检测英语试题含解析

  江苏省扬州中学2021-2022学年度第二学期6月质量检测

高二英语

（试卷满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟）

注意事项：

1. 作答前，请考生务必将自己的姓名、考试证号等写在答题卡上并贴上条形码。

2. 将选择题答案填写在答题卡的指定位置上，非选择题一律在答题卡上作答，在试卷上答题无效。

3. 考试结束后，请将机读卡和答题卡交监考人员。

第I卷（选择题，共95分）

第一部分 听力（共两节，每题1.5分，满分30分）

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

How will Mary go to school today?

A. By bike. B. By car. C. On foot.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W: Dad, something is wrong with my bike. Would you please drive me to school today?

M: No problem, Mary. Let’s go.

2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What do we know about the woman?

A. She is a policewoman.

B. She knows little about the fire.

C. She is a survivor of the big fire.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W: Have you heard of the St. Paulo Fire?

M: Yes, it is said that over 200 people died in the fire. A big tragedy!

W: Yes, but do you know I am one of the very lucky people who escaped from the fire?

3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Strangers. B. Neighbors. C. Co-workers.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W: Hi, Kent. Can you give me a lift? I’m late for work. My car’s broken down. It won’t start.

M: I’m sorry. I’m not going into town. But I can give you a lift to the bus station.

4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What are the speakers doing?

A. Having a meeting. B. Interviewing applicants. C. Giving a presentation.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M: Well, I think he is confident, thoughtful and showed an understanding of all the requirements we have here.

W: I agree up to a point. He is easily the most impressive so far. Perhaps he is a little too sure of himself.

M: Yes. Shall we get the next one in?

5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A. The importance of washing.

B. The weather this year.

C. Water conservation.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W: It’s a very dry year. Are you using less water at your home?

M: I do. But my wife doesn’t. She thinks our children need a daily bath.

W: Water is very important for kids, but maybe she could give them a bath every other day.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What is the man going to do this summer?

A. Teach a course. B. Repair his house. C. Work at a hotel.

7. How will the man use the money?

A. To hire a gardener. B. To pay for a boat trip. C. To buy books.

【答案】6. C    7. C

【解析】

【原文】M: Guess what I’ll be doing this summer?

W: What?

M: I’m going to work at the Riverside Hotel.

W: What exactly will you be doing?

M: Let’s see. I’ll be doing some small repairs inside and outside the hotel. I’ll be cutting grass and taking care of the flowers.

W: Sounds interesting. What’s the pay?

M: Well, uh... about fifteen dollars an hour, five hours a day, and Sunday free.

W: That’s good money. What are you going to do with it?

M: I’ll pay for the textbooks for next term.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. Where does the conversation probably take place?

A. In a clothes shop. B. In a library. C. In a hospital

9. What can we know about the woman?

A. She is a little thinner. B. She’ll get $15 change. C. She’ll take the large jacket.

【答案】8. A    9. B

【解析】

【原文】M: Good morning. Can I help you?

W: Good morning. I’m looking for a pair of jeans.

M: Yes, Madam. And what size are you looking for?

W: Large, you see. I’m a little heavy.

M: Here is a top quality pair of jeans. Will these do?

W: Ah... yes, very nice. How much are they?

M: Eighty-five dollars.

W: May I try them on?

M: Certainly. You’ll find the fitting room at the end of this counter. Just step inside.

W: They are just right. I’ll take them. Here is 100 dollars.

M: Thank you. Here is your change.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. Who was ill last week?

A. Mr Hudson. B. Mr Hudson’s mother. C. Mr Hudson’s son.

11. What does the woman say about Mr Hudson?

A. He is a very good worker.

B. He is a person who cares nothing.

C. He is a person who often gets angry.

12. What may be the reason for Mr Hudson’s sadness?

A. His problem at work.

B. His manager wants to fire him.

C. His son has brought him some trouble.

【答案】10. B    11. A    12. C

【解析】

【原文】M: I think something is wrong with Mr Hudson. He’s not as cheerful as usual.

W: I don’t know what it could be.

M: I heard last week that his mother had been ill. I wonder if that’s the trouble.

W: I doubt that. Yesterday he told me his mother felt much better.

M: Maybe he has a problem here at work.

W: I don’t think that he has any problems with his job. It’s well-known that Mr Hudson is the best worker among us.

M: Perhaps there is some trouble in his home.

W: Well. The headmaster phoned this morning.

M: That must be the problem. He’s worried about his son.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. What is the woman doing when the man calls?

A. Cleaning the computer.

B. Building a new computer.

C. Placing an ad on the Internet.

14. What was mentioned in the ad?

A. The price of the computer. B. The woman’s address. C. The woman’s email address.

15. What will the man’s daughter be doing tomorrow?

A. Teaching a class. B. Visiting a new school. C. Playing sports.

16. When will the speakers meet?

A. Tomorrow at 10:00 am. B. Wednesday at 9:00 am. C. Wednesday at 10:00 am.

【答案】13. A    14. A    15. C    16. C

【解析】

【原文】M: Hi, Grace. It’s Roger here. I’m calling about the computer you have for sale on eBay.

W: Hi, Roger. Thanks for calling. I’m just cleaning it. How much did you want to spend?

M: My budget is around $500.

W: The computer is listed for $500, and I need at least $50 for the monitor. I can’t go any lower than that.

M: I can do $525. Deal? It’s for my daughter. She really needs a computer for school.

W: I see. I can agree to $525. No problem. How about if we meet tomorrow?

M: Tomorrow, I have to take her to school, then soccer practice after that. How about Wednesday morning at nine?

W: I can do Wednesday at ten in the morning.

M: OK, great. I will see you then. Please text your address to me at 555-6789. I didn’t see your address in the ad.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. Who is the speaker?

A. An invited guest. B. A news reporter. C. A radio host.

18. In what way has the speaker changed?

A. She has spoken faster. B. She has become heavier. C. She has cooked more often.

19. What is difficult for the speaker to get used to?

A. The food. B. The weather. C. The language.

20. What does the speaker think of the French people?

A. A bit cold. B. Generous. C. Easy-going.

【答案】17. A    18. B    19. C    20. A

【解析】

【原文】Hello everyone! I’m very happy to be invited to this program today. I’d like to share with you my impression of Paris. Actually, there’s something interesting to see in every corner of Paris: the old buildings, neighborhoods, and the historical monuments. The weather’s been great too, cool and dry. Some aspects of life here are different from those in the United States. The most obvious thing is that there is much more activity in the streets than in a typical US city. People gather together in open markets, cafes, parks, and squares. Then, of course, there’s the food. Food seems to be more important here. It’s beautifully shown in windows and markets. Everything is fresher and better tasting than at home. I’ve gained five pounds since I arrived. There are a few things that bother me though. I’m still having a hard time with the language. People speak very fast and it’s hard to get them to repeat things. People, in general, are less warm here and it’s hard to make friends. I guess that can be true in any big city in a new country, but the French do seem to be less friendly than the people back home.

第二部分 阅读理解(共三节，满分55分)

第一节 单项选择 (共13小题；每小题2.5分，满分32.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

About 20 years ago, some 15,000 red pandas wandered the treetops of the Himalaya forests in South Asia. But with the large number of people entering their habitats, these shy and solitary (独处的) creatures can’t meet each other and reproduce. Now the population has declined by more than 50 percent.

To save the red pandas here, Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. That’s where the tracking devices come in. “Mapping the path they travel will let us know which areas of the forest need to be reforested to connect the most red pandas to one another,” Lama says.

Because red pandas can be hard to spot and catch, no one had ever used GPS collars to study them in the wild. But Lama and his team had a great plan. They first would make sure the animals would be comfortable wearing the collars. So, they tested the collars on two red pandas in a local zoo. “We convinced them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward—grapes, apples, or bananas.” Lama says.

Then came the next challenge: catching red pandas. Once they spotted a red panda, a team of vets set up a tall, fence-like tarp (油布) around the base of the tree with a box trap at the bottom. That way when the red panda climbed down the tree surrounded by the tarp, it had no choice but to enter the trap. It was then quickly controlled, collared and released.

From September to December 2019, the team trapped 10 red pandas — six females and four males. Their collars recorded their location every two hours and sent the information to researchers once a day. Over the next year, the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.

21. What has led to the smaller number of red pandas in South Asia?

A. Their normal lives are badly disturbed.

B. They aren’t adapted to living in groups.

C. Their ability to reproduce is weakened.

D. They try to avoid meeting each other.

22. Why did the research team track the movements of red pandas?

A. To study their living behaviors.

B. To protect them from hunters.

C. To know where to plant forests.

D. To find if they can often meet.

23. How did the research team convince red pandas to wear collars?

A. By offering them treats. B. By using traps.

C. By setting tarps. D. By measuring their necks.

24. What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. The research on red pandas’ reproduction.

B. The clever way to keep track of red pandas.

C. The shrinking population of red pandas.

D. The way of building habitats for red pandas.

【答案】21. A    22. C    23. A    24. B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文主要介绍Lama及其研究团队通过给红熊猫佩戴颈圈的方式追踪红熊猫，以便他们确定应该在哪里种植新森林。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“But with the large number of people entering their habitats, these shy and solitary(独处的) creatures can’t meet each other and reproduce.(但随着大量的人进入它们的栖息地，这些害羞和孤独的生物无法相遇和繁殖)”可知，正常生活被严重干扰导致了南亚红熊猫数量下降。故选A项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“To save the red pandas here, Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. That’s where the tracking devices come in.(为了拯救这里的小熊猫，Lama和他的研究团队需要知道剩下的熊猫生活在森林的哪些部分。这就是追踪设备的作用)”及最后一段中“Over the next year, the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.(在接下来的一年里，研究小组跟踪了小熊猫的活动，以便他们确定在哪里种植新森林，并帮助小熊猫更容易见面)”可知，研究人员追踪小熊猫是为了确定应该在哪里种植森林。故选C项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“‘We convinced them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward—grapes, apples, or bananas.’ Lama says.(‘我们说服它们让我们测量它们的脖子并安装颈圈，让它们选择奖励——葡萄、苹果或香蕉。’Lama说)”可知，研究团队通过给红熊猫提供食物作为奖励来使它们愿意佩戴颈圈。故选A项。

【24题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段中“Over the next year, the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.(在接下来的一年里，研究小组跟踪了小熊猫的活动，以便他们确定在哪里种植新森林，并帮助小熊猫更容易见面)”可知，本文主要介绍Lama及其研究团队通过给红熊猫佩戴颈圈的方式追踪红熊猫，以便他们确定应该在哪里种植新森林，故B项“追踪红熊猫的聪明办法”能够概括本文大意。故选B项。

B

The Google Brain team has been working on computing systems called “neural networks”—systems that were designed based on how neurons work in the human brain.

This time, they gave a mission to three of the neural networks, which they named Alice, Bob and Eve. Each of the networks had its own job—Alice sent messages to Bob, Eve tried to “eavesdrop” (偷听) and find out the messages, and Alice and Bob had to figure out a way to hide the messages from Eve. All the help that Alice and Bob got from the researchers before the mission began was made up of a set of numbers, which Eve didn’t have access to.

At first, Alice was not very good at sending secret messages. But slowly it worked on a way to encrypt (加密) them—putting information into a special code so that others could not understand it if they got the information—using the numbers given by researchers. And after practice, Bob also came to be able to decrypt (解密) Alice’s messages. Without the numbers or keys, Eve failed to understand Alice’s “speech” most of the time.

This test is considered a big step in the development of computers’ learning skills. “Computing with neural networks on this scale has only become possible in the last few years, so we truly are at the beginning of what’s possible,” Joe Sturonas of US encryption company PKWARE told New Scientist magazine.

Unfortunately, the test happened only one week after UK physicist Stephen Hawking, while speaking at Cambridge University, warned how AI could develop a will of its own. This could be “either the best or the worst thing ever to happen to human beings”, he said.

But just as Sturonas pointed out, no matter what the possibilities of computers are in the future, they are just starting out. We still have plenty of time to work out a solution before they get anywhere near becoming a threat to humanity.

25. For what purpose was the test conducted?

A. To study how neurons work in the human brain.

B. To find out a more effective way to keep secrets.

C. To study how computing systems work and learn.

D. To find out a more powerful way to break the codes.

26. How did the computing system work in the test?

A. Code—messages—encrypt—decrypting—messages.

B. Encrypting—messages—code—messages—decrypting.

C. Messages—encrypting—code—decrypting—messages.

D. Messages—code—decrypting—encrypting—messages.

27. What can we learn from Hawking’s warning?

A. AI is a double-edged sword. B. AI should be forbidden.

C. AI is sure to be a failure. D. AI must be a blessing.

28. What’s Sturonas attitude towards the development of AI?

A. Frightened. B. Doubtful. C. Puzzled. D. Hopeful.

【答案】25. C    26. C    27. A    28. D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌智囊团做了一项测试研究“神经网络”计算系统，这项测试被认为是计算机学习技能发展的一大步。霍金警告说人工智能可以发展出自己的意志，而美国加密公司PKWARE的Joe Sturonas则表示对人工智能的发展充满了希望。

【25题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“The Google Brain team has been working on computing systems called ‘neural networks’—systems that were designed based on how neurons work in the human brain.(谷歌智囊团队一直在研究一种叫做‘神经网络’的计算系统，这种系统是根据人类大脑中的神经元的工作原理而设计的)”和第四段中“This test is considered a big step in the development of computers’ learning skills.(这项测试被认为是计算机学习技能发展的一大步)”可知，进行测试的目的是研究计算机系统如何工作和学习。故选C项。

26题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“At first, Alice was not very good at sending secret messages. But slowly it worked on a way to encrypt (加密) them—putting information into a special code so that others could not understand it if they got the information—using the numbers given by researchers. And after practice, Bob also came to be able to decrypt(解密) Alice’s messages. Without the numbers or keys, Eve failed to understand Alice’s ‘speech’ most of the time.(起初，Alice不太擅长发送秘密信息。但慢慢地，它找到了一种加密的方法——将信息放入一种特殊的代码中，这样即使别人得到信息也无法理解——使用研究人员给出的数字。经过练习，Bob也能够解密Alice的信息。没有数字和密钥，Eve大部分时间都听不懂Alice的‘讲话’)”可知，计算系统在测试中工作的过程是：信息——加密——生成代码——解密——得到信息。故选C项。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段“Unfortunately, the test happened only one week after UK physicist Stephen Hawking, while speaking at Cambridge University, warned how AI could develop a will of its own. This could be ‘either the best or the worst thing ever to happen to human beings’, he said.(不幸的是，就在这次测试发生的一周前，英国物理学家史蒂芬·霍金在剑桥大学发表演讲，警告说人工智能可以发展出自己的意志。他说，这可能是‘人类历史上发生的最好或最坏的事情’)”可知，霍金的话表明人工智能是一把双刃剑。故选A项。

【28题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“But just as Sturonas pointed out, no matter what the possibilities of computers are in the future, they are just starting out. We still have plenty of time to work out a solution before they get anywhere near becoming a threat to humanity.(但正如Sturonas所指出，无论未来计算机的发展前景如何，它们都只是刚刚起步。在它们接近成为对人类的威胁之前，我们仍有足够的时间来制定解决方案。)”可知，Sturonas对人工智能的发展持充满希望的态度。故选D项。

C

IQ is often regarded as a crucial driver of success, particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on what scientists call “cognitive flexibility”.

Cognitive flexibility is a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts, or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. And the good news is that it can be trained. Currently, a group of researchers from Cambridge University are conducting some research, trying to work out how people can best boost their cognitive flexibility.

Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns, which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some people may have changed their routines from time to time, trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and finally became more rigid in their thinking. They stuck to the same routine activities, with little flexibility or change.

Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. Unlike working memory, it is largely independent of IQ. For example, many visual artists may be of average intelligence, but highly creative and have produced masterpieces.

So does cognitive flexibility make people smarter in a way that isn’t always captured on IQ tests? We know that it leads to better rational thinking throughout the lifespan. For example, for children it leads to better reading abilities and better school performance.

It can also help protect against a number of prejudice. People who are cognitively flexible are better at recognizing potential faults in themselves and using strategies to overcome these faults.

Cognitive flexibility is essential for society to flourish. It can help maximize the potential of individuals to create innovative ideas and creative inventions. Ultimately, it is such qualities that we need to solve the big challenges of today.

29. What is the purpose of the research conducted by Cambridge University researchers?

A. To clarify people’s misunderstanding about cognitive flexibility.

B. To figure out the relationship between IQ and cognitive flexibility.

C. To explore effective ways to improve people’s cognitive flexibility.

D. To make out the benefits of increasing people’s cognitive flexibility.

30. What will cognitively flexible people probably do to deal with new challenges?

A. Stick to their original plan. B. Handle new problems rigidly.

C. Adjust their thoughts and behavior. D. Apply creative ideas to improve their IQ.

31. What can we learn about cognitive flexibility?

A. It is closely related to people’s IQ. B. It helps improve working memory.

C. It is an unchangeable inborn quality. D. It helps develop reasonable thinking.

32. Why are visual artists mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A. To show they are intelligent. B. To praise their great achievements.

C. To show they are cognitively flexible. D. To praise their good working memory.

33. What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?

A. Benefits of cognitive flexibility. B. Definitions of cognitive flexibility.

C. Applications of cognitive flexibility. D. Experiments on cognitive flexibility.

【答案】29. C    30. C    31. D    32. C    33. A

【解析】

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。通过举例，阐述了认知灵活性的益处。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据题干中的“the research conducted by Cambridge University researchers”可将答案定位至第二段。根据本段中“Currently, a group of researchers from Cambridge University are conducting some research, trying to work out how people can best boost their cognitive flexibility.(目前，来自剑桥大学的一组研究人员正在进行一些研究，试图找出如何最好地提高人们的认知灵活性。)”可知，该项研究的目的是探索积极的方法来最好地提高人们的认知灵活性。故选C。

【30题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some people may have changed their routines from time to time, trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day.(有些人可能会不时地改变他们的日常生活，试图找到更好、更多样化的方式来度过他们的一天。)”可知，认知灵活的人会不断的调整自己的想法和行为，从而来解决新的挑战。故选C。

【31题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“We know that it leads to better rational thinking throughout the lifespan.(我们知道，它会让人一生都有更好的理性思考。)”可知，认知灵活有助于培养合理的思维。故选D。

【32题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. Unlike working memory, it is largely independent of IQ. For example, many visual artists may be of average intelligence, but highly creative and have produced masterpieces.(灵活的思维是创造力的关键。它还支持学术和工作技能，如解决问题。与工作记忆不同，它在很大程度上独立于智商。例如，许多视觉艺术家可能智商一般，但却极具创造力，创作出了杰作。)”可知，在本段中，作者通过列举艺术家的例子是为了说明，之所以它们取得艺术成就，并不是跟智商有关系，而是因为他们都是有着灵活的认知。故选C。

【33题详解】

主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段中“We know that it leads to better rational thinking throughout the lifespan. For example, for children it leads to better reading abilities and better school performance.(我们知道，在整个生命周期中，这会导致更好的理性思考。例如，对于孩子们来说，它可以提高阅读能力和更好的学校表现)”，倒数第二段“It can also help protect against a number of prejudice. People who are cognitively flexible are better at recognizing potential faults in themselves and using strategies to overcome these faults.(它还可以帮助我们抵御一些偏见。认知灵活的人更善于识别自己的潜在错误，并使用策略来克服这些错误。)”和最后一段“Cognitive flexibility is essential for society to flourish. It can help maximize the potential of individuals to create innovative ideas and creative inventions. (认知的灵活性对于社会的繁荣至关重要。它可以帮助最大限度地发挥个人创造创新想法和创造性发明的潜力。)”可知，作者从多个方面来介绍认知灵活性的好处。故选A。

第二节 七选五阅读 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you post updates on Facebook or do anything that requires the Internet, you’re at risk of being hacked. In fact, last August, Mat Honan, senior writer for tech magazine Wired — someone supposedly well aware of the dangers of hacking — got hacked. He lost all the data on his computer and was about to quit his digital life. ___34___ Some tips are simple but greatly reduce your chances of being hacked.

You don’t have to delete your Facebook or Twitter account to stay safe, but posting birth dates, graduation years, or your mother’s maiden name — information often used to answer security questions to access your accounts online or over the phone — on social media sites makes a hacker’s job even easier. ___35___

A strong password is also necessary. It takes a hacker’s computer only ten minutes to guess a password made up of six lowercase letters, but free websites such as safepasswd.com can help you create a nearly uncrackable password with uppercase letters, symbols, and numbers. ___36___ The password “say no to hackers”, for instance, would theoretically take a hacker thousands of years to guess.

___37___ Facebook and Gmail have an optional security feature that, once activated, requires you to enter two passwords — your normal password plus a code that the company texts to your phone — to access your account. The added step is a slight inconvenience that’s worth the trouble when the alternative can be getting hacked.

Try to avoid Wi-Fi hot spots. T-Mobile and AT&T, the largest providers of free public wireless Internet, don’t require encryption (加密) of data traveling between laptops and the Internet. It means any information in laptops is easy for hackers to access. ___38___

A. Using phrases works well too.

B. How about using more than one password?

C. Being aware of what you share matters a lot.

D. Hackers have to be cautious to take advantage of it.

E. However, submitting to hacking is not the only option.

F. So right-click on the wireless icon in the taskbar to turn it off.

G. Using common sense to create a password is not a good choice.

【答案】34. E    35. C    36. A    37. B    38. F

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些技巧可以大大降低被黑客攻击的几率。

【34题详解】

根据上文“In fact, last August, Mat Honan, senior writer for tech magazine Wired — someone supposedly well aware of the dangers of hacking — got hacked. He lost all the data on his computer and was about to quit his digital life.(事实上，去年8月，《连线》科技杂志高级撰稿人Mat Honan遭到黑客攻击。他丢失了电脑里所有数据，所以准备不再使用数字科技)”可知，《连线》科技杂志高级撰稿人Mat Honan遭到黑客攻击，他打算不再使用数字科技，这是一种向黑客屈服的表现；下文“Some tips are simple but greatly reduce your chances of being hacked.(一些技巧很简单，但是可以大大降低你被黑客攻击的几率)”指出有一些技巧能降低被黑客攻击的几率。由此推知，空处应该承上启下，指出不要屈服于黑客，要采取一些方法，E项“However, submitting to hacking is not the only option.(然而，屈服于黑客攻击并不是唯一的选择)”符合语境，故选E。

【35题详解】

根据上文“but posting birth dates, graduation years, or your mother’s maiden name — information often used to answer security questions to access your accounts online or over the phone — on social media sites makes a hacker’s job even easier.(但在社交媒体网站上发布出生日期、毕业年份或你母亲的娘家姓——这些信息通常用于回答网上或电话账户的安全问题，这会让黑客的工作变得更加容易)”可知，在网上发布一些个人信息，会很容易受黑客攻击。由此可知，空处应是承接上文，C项“Being aware of what you share matters a lot.(意识到你分享的东西很重要)”符合语境，其中“what you share”和上文“posting birth dates, graduation years, or your mother’s maiden name”相呼应，故选C。

【36题详解】

根据上文“but free websites such as safepasswd.com can help you create a nearly uncrackable password with uppercase letters, symbols, and numbers.(但是像safepasswd.com这样的免费网站可以帮助你创建一个几乎不可破解的密码，其中包括大写字母、符号和数字)”可知，用大写字母，符号和数字等创建的密码几乎不可破解；下文“The password “say no to hackers”, for instance, would theoretically take a hacker thousands of years to guess.(例如，“对黑客说不”这个密码理论上需要黑客数千年才能猜出)”举例说明用一些短语，这也能让黑客难以猜出。由此可知，空处应该是描写用短语作密码可以防止黑客猜出来，A项“Using phrases works well too.(使用短语也很有效)”符合语境，故选A。

【37题详解】

根据下文“Facebook and Gmail have an optional security feature that, once activated, requires you to enter two passwords — your normal password plus a code that the company texts to your phone — to access your account.(Facebook和Gmail有一个可选的安全功能，一旦激活，你需要输入两个密码——你的正常密码加上公司发送到你手机上的一个密码——这两个密码一起输入才能进入你的账户)”可知，本段主要举例子说明使用两个密码更加安全，B项“How about using more than one password?(使用多个密码怎么样？)”符合语境，引起下文，故选B。

【38题详解】

根据上文“T-Mobile and AT&T, the largest providers of free public wireless Internet, don’t require encryption (加密) of data traveling between laptops and the Internet. It means any information in laptops is easy for hackers to access.(T-mobile和AT&t，最大的免费公共无线互联网提供商，不需要对笔记本电脑和互联网之间的数据传输进行加密。这意味着笔记本电脑中的任何信息都很容易被黑客获取)”可知，连接一些无线热点，会使笔记本电脑中的任何信息都被黑客很容易获取。由此推知，空处应该承接上文，指出我们要关闭无线热点，F选项“So right-click on the wireless icon in the taskbar to turn it off.(所以右键单击任务栏中的无线图标来关闭它)”符合，故选F。

第三节 拓展阅读（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

根据《化身博士》和《生活中的太空技术》，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

39. Judging from the look and voice of Mr. Hyde, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Unfriendly.        B. Mysterious.          C. Unpleasant.        D. Mischievous.

40. What did Mr. Lanyon die from?

A. The poisonous potion he took.             B. His bad life habit and poor health.          

C. The confusion and fear he suffered.         D. The strong desire to help his friend.

41. Which of the following is NOT the way that “Outlast”, a special fabric, can be used?

A. Pajamas.         B. Baby blankets.    C. Sleeping bags.     D. Raincoats.

42. Where were prosthetics first used?

A. Ancient China.    B. Ancient Rome.      C. Ancient Egypt.    D. Ancient Babylon.

43. What makes SmartSoles special?

A. It is a GPS footwear for the carers.       B. It was first created for the space industry.

C. The slippers wear uncomfortable.        D. It is a GPS footwear for dementia patients.

第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

It is not quite six in the morning. I am half asleep in a van that in the United States would seat maybe six people. Here in Ghana though, its insides have been emptied and replaced with wooden benches that can ___39___ twelve of us. We are squeezed so tight that sometimes my arm goes ___40___ .

I do this every morning, Monday to Friday, for two hours in order to get to the slum(贫民窟) town school I teach in.

Arriving at the destination always fills me with ___41___ . The school originally ___42___ as a daycare type service free to the children of single mothers. As the children got older, the coordinator took it upon herself to set up a space to ___43___ them. Into this tiny space they ___44___ anywhere between 80 and 120 children under the age of six. It is ___45___ so full of children that you have to move them out of the way by pushing them with your ___46___ to avoid stepping on them.

Within days, I have already ___47___ most of them. There are the troublemakers who spend their time hitting one another and causing ____48____ in hopes that their negative behavior will attract attention to themselves.____49____ there are the ones that make your heart bleed. The five-year-old girl who sits in the front row, ____50____ to learn everything we teach her. She far ____51____ any Western five-year-old I’ve ever worked with.

I look at this ____52____ classroom and these children in their ragged clothes, and think of how different this is from the American ____53____ I’ve known. I think of how different they are and how different their lives will likely be.

39. A. preserve B. facilitate C. accommodate D. embarrass

40 A. numb B. bad C. sour D. narrow

41. A. joy B. confidence C. expectation D. dread

42. A. functioned B. ranked C. equipped D. designed

43. A. abuse B. employ C. survey D. teach

44. A. supply B. squeeze C. stimulate D. shelter

45. A. conventionally B. literally C. harmoniously D. initially

46. A. benches B. hands C. feet D. woods

47. A. contacted B. persuaded C. touched D. learned

48. A. chaos B. distance C. failure D. infection

49. A. Besides B. Hence C. Regardless D. Then

50. A. able B. hesitant C. ready D. urgent

51. A. challenges B. equals C. outpaces D. qualifies

52. A. cosy B. shabby C. remarkable D. virtual

53. A. classrooms B. troublemakers C. vans D. mornings

【答案】39. C    40. A    41. D    42. A    43. D    44. B    45. B    46. C    47. D    48. A    49. D    50. C    51. C    52. B    53. A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到加纳的贫民窟学校任教的经历。

【39题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在加纳，它的内部被清空，换上了可以容纳12个人的长凳。A. preserve保留，保护；B. facilitate促进，促使；C. accommodate容纳，为……提供空间；D. embarrass使尴尬。根据上文“I am half asleep in a van that in the United States would seat maybe six people.( 我在一辆厢式货车里半睡半醒，在美国这辆车只能坐六个人。)”可知，作者在乘坐一辆厢式货车，此处表示换上了可以容纳12个人的长凳。故选C。

【40题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们被挤得太紧了，有时我的胳膊都麻木了。A. numb麻木的，失去知觉的；B. bad坏的；C. sour酸的；D. narrow狭窄的。根据“We are squeezed so tight”可知，因为车厢里太拥挤了导致作者胳膊麻木了。故选A。

【41题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：到达目的地总是使我充满恐惧。A. joy快乐；B. confidence自信；C. expectation期待；D. dread恐惧，敬畏。根据“would seat maybe six people.”和“its insides have been emptied and replaced with wooden benches that can ___1___ twelve of us.”可知，本来可容纳6人的车厢里面坐了12个人，因此每天到达目的地的过程使作者感到恐惧。故选D。

【42题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这所学校最初是为单身母亲的孩子提供免费的日托服务。A. functioned运转，起作用；B. ranked把……分等级；C. equipped装备；D. designed设计。根据“as a daycare type service free to the children of single mothers.”可知，此处表示这所学校最初是起为单身母亲的孩子提供免费的日托服务的作用的。故选A。

【43题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着孩子们渐渐长大，项目协调人主动为他们搭建了一个教学空间。A. abuse滥用，虐待；B. employ雇用；C. survey调查；D. teach教。根据“for two hours in order to get to the slum(贫民窟) town school I teach in.”可知，此处是信息词teach的词汇复现。故选D。

【44题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个狭小的空间里，他们挤进了80到120个6岁以下的孩子。A. supply供应；B. squeeze挤压，压榨；C. stimulate刺激，激发；D. shelter遮蔽，保护。根据“Into this tiny space”和“between 80 and 120 children under the age of six”可知，此处表示在这个狭小的空间里挤进了很多孩子。故选B。

【45题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，那里挤满了孩子，你不得不把他们推开，以免脚踩到他们。A. conventionally按照惯例地，传统地；B. literally确实地，简直；C. harmoniously和谐地；D. initially最初，开始。根据“so full of children”可知，那里确实挤满了孩子。故选B。

【46题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. benches长椅；B. hands手；C. feet脚；D. woods树林。根据“to avoid stepping on them.”可知，你不得不把他们推开，以免脚踩到他们。故选C。

【47题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天之内，我已经了解了他们中地大多数人。A. contacted联系，接触；B. persuaded劝说；C. touched触摸；D. learned学习，了解。根据“Within days,”可知，经过几天的相处，作者已经开始了解他们。故选D。

【48题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一些麻烦制造者，他们把时间花在打人和制造混乱上，希望他们的负面行为能吸引别人的注意。A. chaos混乱，杂乱；B. distance距离；C. failure失败；D. infection感染，传染。根据“There are the troublemakers”可知，麻烦制造者会制造混乱。故选A。

【49题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后还有一些会让你心碎的人。A. Besides此外；B. Hence因此；C. Regardless不顾，不管；D. Then然后。根据“There are the troublemakers…”和“there are the ones that make your heart bleed.”可知，此处表示除了麻烦制造者，然后还有一些会让你心碎的人。故选D。

【50题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐在前排的5岁女孩，准备学习我们教她的一切。A. able有能力的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. ready准备好的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“The five-year-old girl who sits in the front row”可知，小女孩坐在前排准备学习作者教她的一切。故选C。

【51题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她学得比我曾经工作过的任何一个5岁的西方孩子都要快得多。A. challenges挑战；B. equals等于，比得上；C. outpaces超过；D. qualifies具有资格。根据“The five-year-old girl who sits in the front row, ___12___ to learn everything we teach her.”可知，小女孩学习很努力，因此作者认为，她学得比自己曾经工作过的任何一个5岁的西方孩子都要快得多。故选C。

【52题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看着这个破旧的教室，看着这些衣衫褴褛的孩子们，我想这与我所知道的美国教室有多么不同。A. cosy温暖舒适的，亲密无间的；B. shabby破旧的；C. remarkable引人注目的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据上文“Into this tiny space they ___6___ anywhere between 80 and 120 children under the age of six.”可知，这么小的教室容纳这么多人，因此教室肯定是破旧不堪的。故选B。

【53题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. classrooms教室；B. troublemakers麻烦制造者；C. vans客货车；D. mornings早晨，上午。根据“I look at this ___14___ classroom”可知，作者把这个教室和美国的教室作对比。故选A。

第II卷 （非选择题，共55分）

第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Drum culture has accompanied Chinese civilization for thousands of years and has a deep spiritual meaning, far ____54____ its physical meaning. Confucius regarded the “Drum Dance” ____55____ (high).

At the closing ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 200 drummers in red formed a round drum array to dance and beat drums. The perfect beats ____56____ (draw) the curtain on the exceptional Olympic Games. Chinese drum is an ancient practice ____57____ Chinese culture is deeply rooted.

The earliest reference to a clay fired drum ____58____ (date) back to the Pottery Age. In ancient China, drums were played to pray to the gods for good weather in agriculture, strike fear in the heart of the enemies in the war and later on accompany some performances and labor ____59____ (compete).

Dozens of types of Chinese drums exist today. For instance, “Taiping drum” is used to express praying for peace and prosperity while “Ansai waist drum”, ____60____ (mean) to interpret the spirit of the Losses Plateau and the ____61____ (hero) character of Northwest farmers, is still popular.

The boom of drum culture reflects ____62____ stable and prosperous Chinese society. For thousands of years, the drum beats have played in the backdrop, ____63____ (present) Chinese traditional culture.

【答案】54. beyond   

55. highly    56. drew   

57. where    58. dates   

59. competitions   

60. meant    61. heroic   

62. a    63. presenting

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主语介绍了中国的鼓文化。

【54题详解】

考查介词。句意：鼓文化与中华文明相伴而生数千年，有深刻的精神内涵，这已经远超其乐器的用途。此处指“远远超出其乐器的用途”，应用介词beyond，意为“超出”，故填beyond。

【55题详解】

考查副词。句意：孔子曾高度评价“鼓舞”。此处用副词highly修饰动词regarded，故填highly。

【56题详解】

考查时态。句意：完美的节奏拉开了奥林匹克运动会的帷幕。空处是谓语，且句子描述的是2008年北京奥运会的事，应用一般过去时，主语“The perfect beats”和动词draw是主动关系，应用draw的过去式，故填drew。

【57题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：中国鼓是中华文化根深蒂固的古老习俗。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“ancient practice”，指物，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导，故填where。

【58题详解】

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最早的关于陶土烧制鼓的记载可以追溯到陶器时代。空处是谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是“The earliest reference”，和动词date是主动关系，且主语为单数，动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填dates。

【59题详解】

考查名词单复数。句意：在中国古代，人们打鼓是为了祈求给农业带来好天气，在战争中打鼓能使敌人产生恐惧心理，后来打鼓时还伴随着一些表演和劳动竞赛。此处应用名词competition作动词accompany的宾语，且competition为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填competitions。

【60题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，“太平鼓”是用来祈求和平与繁荣的，而“安塞腰鼓”，是专门用来表达黄土高原的气概和西北农民的英雄品格，它至今仍然流行。while引导的句子中，有动词is used，由此可知，空处是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰“Ansai waist drum”，且“Ansai waist drum”和动词mean是被动关系，应用过去分词做后置定语，故填meant。

【61题详解】

考查形容词。句意：例如，“太平鼓”是用来祈求和平与繁荣的，而“安塞腰鼓”，是专门用来表达黄土高原的气概和西北农民的英雄品格，它至今仍然流行。名词character应用形容词heroic来修饰，意为“英雄的”，故填heroic。

【62题详解】

考查冠词。句意：鼓文化的繁荣反映了中国社会的稳定和繁荣。此处表示“一个稳定和繁荣的中国社会”应用不定冠词来修饰society，且stable发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。

【63题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，鼓点一直作为背景音乐，呈现着中国传统文化。句中“have played”是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，“the drum beats”和present之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，故填presenting。

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）

64. 为帮助贫困地区的孩子完成学业，你校将举办一场名为“爱心食品市场 (Loving Food Market)”的慈善义卖活动。作为“中国特色食物”的摊主之一，请在学校英文网站上推介你的8号货摊 (Stand No. 8)，内容包括：

1. 推荐两种食物；

2. 具体推荐理由；

3. 欢迎奉献爱心。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右。

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Here is Stand No. 8 on Loving Food Market! Welcome!

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【答案】One possible version:

Here is Stand No. 8 on Loving Food Market! Welcome!

We offer you some typical Chinese food. First, I’d like to recommend our hand-made dumplings. We have various tastes of delicious dumplings for you to choose from. In order to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival, we have also prepared zongzi or sticky rice dumplings, stuffed with meat, red beans, or salted duck egg yolks. One bite and you’ll surely fall in love with them!

Come and try what you like! All the money you spend here will go to charity to help the poor students continue their studies.

【解析】

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在学校英文网站上推荐你的8号货摊上的两种食物，并且阐述理由，最后呼吁同学们奉献爱心。

【详解】1.词汇积累

提供某人某物：offer sb. sth.→ provide sb. with sth.

首先：first → first of all

多样的：various→ a variety of/diversities of

帮助某人做某事：help sb. do sth. → assist sb. to do sth.

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：We offer you some typical Chinese food.

拓展句：We offer you some typical Chinese food which is extremely popular in our country.

【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival, we have also prepared zongzi or sticky rice dumplings, stuffed with meat, red beans, or salted duck egg yolks. (运用了in order to do做目的状语和过去分词作后置定语)

【高分句型2】Come and try what you like! (运用了what引导的宾语从句)

第二节 读后续写（满分25分）

65. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was mid-December, and the temperature was a chilly minus 20-degree Celsius. I walked with my head down, passing the homeless beggars and ignoring all of them as usual. Then I saw him, sitting against a building, wrapped in thin cloth, holding a white cup in front of him. I heard his shaky, pitiful voice target me as I sped past him.

“Spare some change?” he asked. “I’ll appreciate it.”

I didn’t even bother looking up at him. In my mind, I briefly pictured him walking into the closest pub and drinking whisky with whatever money he managed to get. Or, maybe he needed another shot of cocaine. See, like most people in the city, it took me only moments to pass judgement on his life.

“I have no money on me.” I said quickly.

Looking back, I feel as though fate had set out that day to teach me a lesson. And it succeeded. Just a few feet past him, I slipped on a piece of ice on the sidewalk! I landed square on my right knee. The acute pain passed throughout as I lay on the ground. Then I heard a familiar voice only inches above me.

“Are you all right?” he asked.

I knew immediately this was the man I had just rushed past. Before tears welled up in my eyes, I saw the smooth, sympathetic look in his eyes.

I held his hand as I struggled to get to my feet. He held my arm as I limped (一瘸一拐地走) to the nearby bus stop and sat on the bench.

“My name is Mike,” he said with concern. “That was quite a fall you took, and you really need to see a doctor.”

“This bus goes past the hospital,” I said quickly, pointing to the bus sign above me.

Mike paused, and a look of sudden realization crossed his face. He pulled out his small white cup and dumped all the change into his hand.

“I know you don’t have any change on you,” he said, “I think this is just enough for you to take the bus.”

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I was overcome with guilt as I remembered the lie I had told him only a few minutes earlier.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 “Thank you,” he said gratefully when the bus was approaching.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】      I was overcome with guilt as I remembered the lie I had told him only a few minutes earlier. At that moment I realized that standing in front of me was such a kind and sincere man, different from what I had judged. I turned away from his offering hand, pulled out my wallet and dumped my own change into the palm of my hand. I felt Mike’s eyes on me as I counted through the money that I had told him didn’t even exist. I kept enough money for myself to take the bus to the hospital and then dropped the rest into his white cup. It was worth at least 10 dollars.

“Thank you,” he said gratefully when the bus was approaching. It was so nice of him to reach out one hand to help me stand up, with the other hand holding his cup tightly to his chest. As the bus slowed down in front of me, I turned around to Mike, saying, “You take care of yourself. It is cold outside.” Five minutes ago, I couldn’t have cared about him at all. “I will,” he smiled brightly. “And you take care of your leg.” I limped onto the bus and took a seat by the window. “Mike!” I murmured to myself. “Thank you for what you have taught me!”

【解析】

【导语】本文讲述的是作者一开始以貌取人，妄下判断，不愿施舍一名男子，后来因为自己受伤得到这名男子的帮忙而对他另眼相看，并且作者除了留了坐公交的钱之外，把身上所有的钱都给了那名男子。

【详解】1. 段落续写

①由第一段的首句“当我想起几分钟前我对他撒了谎时，我深感内疚”可知，续写应围绕“我”为弥补自己对他撒谎而掏钱给他的行为展开描写。

②由第二段的首句“‘谢谢你。’他感谢道，当时公交车快到了”可知，续写应围绕“我”和他临别时的语言和动作展开描写，包括他如何搀扶“我”，互相告别，以及“我”对他的感谢。

2. 续写线索：意识到他是善人——赠钱给他——互相告别——感悟

3. 词汇激活

行为类

①意识到：realize/recognize/be aware of

②帮助：help/assist/aid

③照顾：take care of/look after

④关心：care about/concern with

情绪类

①真诚：sincere/genuine

②欢快地：brightly/merrily/happily

【点睛】[高分句型1]At that moment I realized that standing in front of me was such a kind and sincere man, different from what I had judged.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）

[高分句型2]I felt Mike’s eyes on me as I counted through the money that I had told him didn’t even exist.（运用了that引导的定语从句）

[高分句型3]It was so nice of him to reach out one hand to help me stand up, with the other hand holding his cup tightly to his chest.（运用了it作形式主语）