高中英语高考（原题版）必修第三册 Unit3The world of science【过关测试】

必修 3  Unit 3　The world of science

过关测试

（考试时间：60分钟  试卷满分：100分）

一．基础知识过关练：（30*0.5=15分）

1．_______________ v．按压→_______________ n．压力

2．_______________ adj.易弯曲的→_______________ n．灵活

3．_______________ adj.主要的：重要的；大的→_______________ n．大部分；大多数

4．_______________ adj. 重要的→_______________ n. 重要性

5．_______________ v. 使受伤→_______________ adj. 受伤的→_______________ n. 伤口

6．_______________ n. 化学家→_______________ n. 化学

7．_______________ n. 天文学家→_______________ n. 天文学

8．_______________ n. 生物学家→_______________ n. 生物学

9．_______________ adj. 精确的→_______________ n. 精确

10．_______________ n. 起源→_______________ adv. 起初；原来

11．_______________ adj. 精神的→_______________ adv. 精神上地

12．_______________ adj. 科学(上)的→_______________ n. 科学→_______________ n. 科学家

13．_______________ adv. 完全地→_______________ adj. 完全的，整个的

14．_______________ n. 声明；宣告→_______________ v. 宣布

二．单元过关测试：（一）阅读理解

A

The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts. The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：

Can we predict earthquakes?

Can we control earthquakes?

To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.

However, there have been some interesting developments  the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection (注射) of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.

When the water “oiled” the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, dangerous earthquakes; that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.

1．Earthquakes belts are_________.

A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur

B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes

C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface

D．the two layers of earth along a fault

2．The San Andreas fault is________.

A．an active fault system

B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly

C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled

D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain

3．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?

A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.

B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.

C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.

D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.

B

(2019·石家庄模拟)Ireland's Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination. However, since April in 2017, the small island of just 2,700 residents (居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.

The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh, one of the settlements on the island, awoke to a surprising sight: their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms. There were only rocks and rock pools left. For about 34 years, only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores. The area's tourism industry slowly declined, and the handful of beachside hotels, pubs, and restaurants gradually closed as well.

Then around Easter in 2017,  something magical happened — an unusual ten­day tide blanketed the barren 300­meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand. Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves.

The locals are delighted to have their beach back, especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature, with their own eyes. However, Sean Molloy, manager at Achill Tourism, cautions against going into the cold waters just yet, saying, “Because of the sand coming in, we don't know how safe the beach is now because currents (水流) could be changed and it'll take a little bit of time.” He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.

Interestingly, this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act. It disappeared in the 1890s, for over 30 years, before returning in 1927. However, the locals are optimistic that this time around, the beautiful sand is here to stay.

4．What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently?

A．An unusual storm.

B．The decrease in the number of residents.

C．The return of its beach.

D．The building of a new tourist destination.

5．What happened to Dooagh in the past three decades?

A．Tourism went down gradually.

B．Restaurants developed slowly.

C．Storms attacked frequently.

D．Rock pools disappeared completely.

6．What does the underlined word “barren” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Noisy.　　　　　　　　 B．Soft.

C．Bare. D．Golden.

7．What should tourists avoid according to Sean Molloy?

A．Spoiling the shores.

B．Getting into the rock pools.

C．Playing with dolphins.

D．Swimming near the beach.

C

(2019·南宁联考)It used to be one of the world's most splendid train stations, sitting on the French­Spanish border — but then it fell into disrepair. Now, writes Chris Bockman, the building is showing new signs of life.

The train station was built in iron and glass, complete with a hospital, a restaurant and living quarters for customs officers from both France and Spain. At the time it was nicknamed the “Titanic of the Mountains”．

But after the day the station was opened in 1928 by the French president and the Spanish king, flaws quickly became obvious. The rail gauges (轨距) were different, so passengers still had to change trains. It made transporting goods too slow. In the early 1930s, as few as 50 passengers a day were using the station. And then things got worse. During the Spanish Civil War, the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican rebels (反叛者) from bringing weapons in. Later, the French lost interest in the line. When a train derailed on the French side in 1970, that signaled that France abandoned the line.

The grand building itself went to rot. The tracks rusted, the ceilings fell in with the severe winter weather and vandalism (故意破坏财物的行为) did the rest.

But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it, claiming it was a major part of Spanish history. The French government has agreed to reopen the line on its side too. If all goes to plan, the “Titanic of the Mountains” could be back in business within five years before the end of 2022. It is reported that the massive wooden ticket counters at the station have already been restored.

8．The following factors contributed to the shutdown of the train station EXCEPT ________.

A．its poor appearance B．different gauges

C．the Spanish Civil War D．slow transporting speed

9．When the train station reopens, it may celebrate its ______ anniversary.

A．52nd B．72nd

C．94th D．89th

10．What will probably happen to the train station?

A．It will be repaired.

B．It will be turned into a museum.

C．It will be knocked down.

D．It will be sold to the French government.

11．What is the best title for the text?

A．The Design of a Train Station

B．The War Between France and Spain

C．The History of a Train Station

D．The “Titanic of the Mountains” Coming Back

D

Traveling to Europe to see its famous monuments like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Colosseum (古罗马竞技场) in Rome, is not exactly the ideal vacation for kids. Fortunately, Europe has more to offer than lots of old churches and ancient history. You can enjoy some fun with your kids in the sun at some of the famous beaches of the continent.

Mykonos, Greece

The closer you get to the equator, the longer the beach season is, and Greece is wonderful for that. You can enjoy beautiful green water, public chairs and lovely umbrellas at the beaches in Mykonos.

Dubrovnik, Croatia

There's nothing more attractive than the beautiful beaches bordering Dubrovnik, Croatia's most beautiful city. It's surrounded by stone walls like a castle. It almost makes you feel like you're suntanning (日光浴) at Hogwarts, where the hero Harry Potter of the story is trained!

Sicily, Italy

Rabbit Beach on the island of Sicily offers shallow and crystal clear waters, making it a perfect beach for families with young children. And if you want to add interest to your experience, try snorkeling (徒手潜水)．

Nice, France

Lined with palm trees and first­class hotels, the city of Nice, located on the French Riviera, offers a whole coastline of Mediterranean beaches. Because they're in the heart of the city, these beaches attract a large crowd. So if you're looking for something more private, you'll have to travel a few miles outside of the city center.

Ribadeo, Spain

At low tide, Playa de las Catedrales in Ribadeo, Spain is the perfect beach to take in the natural wonders without urban amusements like restaurants, bars or huge crowds. It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy.

12．What makes Dubrovnik so special?

A．It is surrounded by stone walls.

B．It has the most attractive coastline.

C．It has the longest beach season.

D．It is the training center of Harry Potter.

13．If you plan to go to a beach in the city, where should you go?

A．Mykonos.　　　　　　 B．Sicily.

C．Nice. D．Ribadeo.

14．Which of the following is TRUE about Ribadeo?

A．Visitors can try snorkeling there.

B．It offers visitors first­class hotels.

C．It has restaurants, bars and huge crowds.

D．Visitors can enjoy unique rock formations there.

15．What do all the beaches have in common?

A．They have beautiful wild flowers.

B．They are famous European beaches.

C．They are well­known for their green water.

D．They provide visitors with urban amusements.

（二）　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Before going outside in the morning，many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature.This helps us decide what to wear.1.             We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator.We want it a certain hotness in the oven.If we don’t feel well，we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever.We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.

Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature.We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale.But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.

Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide.2.           

The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube.As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot，it expands.As it gets colder，it contracts (收缩)．That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube.3.           

First.Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap fill the bottle with coloured water.Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail.Put the cap on the jar.Then stick a plastic straw (吸管) through the nail hole.4.           

Finally.Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw.Now you can see the water lever easily.5.           

As the temperature goes down，the water will contract，and the lever in the straw will come down.Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.

A．We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things.

B．Thermometers measure temperature，by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.

C．Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.

D．The water will rise in the straw.As the temperature of the air goes up，the water will expand and rise even higher.

E．They label these in different ways.On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees.On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.

F．Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把……粘住) them together.

G．People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.

（三）.完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

At the beginning，Inuit throat singing was a form of entertainment enjoyed by Inuit women while the men were away on hunting trips.It was an activity that   1   involved Inuit women although there have been some men doing it as well.It was regarded more as a type of vocal (有声的) or breathing game in the Inuit culture rather than a form of   2  .

Inuit throat singing is generally done by two individuals but can   3   four or more people together as well.In Inuit throat singing，two Inuit women face each other either standing or crouching (蹲伏) down while holding each other’s arms.One   4   with short deep rhythmic sounds while the other   5  .The leader repeats sounds with short gaps in between.The follower fills in these   6  with her own rhythmic sounds.

Sometimes both Inuit women would be doing a dance movement like rocking from left to right in throat singing.Both Inuktitut words and  7  syllables are used in Inuit throat singing songs.However，when words are used in throat singing，no particular meaning is   8   on them for a song.  9   meaningless syllables are used，they often stand for the sounds the Inuit hear in their   10   environment such as animal sounds or even water running down a creek.

Inuit throat singing is a skill that has to be taught and developed.Inuit throat singers try to show their vocal abilities in a fun   11   manner and the first one to either run out of breath，stop or laugh is declared the loser  of the game.Each game usually lasts from one to three minutes.

  12  ，there is no written record of when the Inuit first developed their form of throat singing.The Inuit did not   13   any written records and Inuit throat singing was simply passed down from generation to generation   14  .

Many of the young Inuit women who have   15   throat singing claim that it is a way for them to express  their Inuit identities in the modern world where many Inuit traditions have already been lost.

1．  A.totally     B．primarily  

C．hardly      D．briefly

2． A.exercise     B．performance  

C．music     D．contest

3． A.attract     B．involve  

C．gather     D．draw

4． A.keeps     B．continues  

C．ends     D．leads

5． A.responds     B．says  

C．listens     D．interrupts

6． A.blanks     B．gaps  

C．hollows     D．holes

7． A.single     B．strong  

C．meaningless     D．weak

8． A.forgotten     B．cancelled  

C．persuaded     D．placed

9． A.When     B．Because  

C．Since     D．Although

10．A.spiritual     B．cultural  

C．social     D．natural

11．A.pleasant     B．similar  

C．competitive     D．friendly

12．A.Honestly     B．Surely  

C．Luckily     D．Unfortunately

13．A.beat     B．keep  

C．hold     D．set

14．A.formally     B．orally  

C．secretly     D．privately

15．A.taken up     B．broken up  

C．brought up     D．looked up

（四）语法填空

Hongbao，a red envelope with small amounts of money in，is a gift that is guaranteed to be warmly received，not just because of the cash，but also because of its 1.             (tradition) symbolism and best wishes for the future.This is true throughout China，but 2.             (especial) in the south where people regard receiving hongbao 3.             an auspicious (吉祥的) beginning to the New Year.

Legend in the south has it that a devil used to appear to harm children and the elderly.4.             loud noise would frighten 5.             devil away，as did the color red.

Firecrackers took care of the noise and during Spring Festival couplets (对联) also helped keep him away.But firecrackers couldn’t go off all day so children and the elderly also got hongbao，red envelopes 6.             (contain) money.

The tradition 7.             (survive) millennia and giving hongbao to children and the elderly remains popular among Chinese people all over the world.It has also made its way into workplaces where bosses often give 8.             (employ) hongbao and most recently，companies have adopted online marketing strategies 9.        hongbao are distributed，hoping 10.           companies and staff members have a good start.

Giving hongbao at the beginning of the Lunar New Year indicates best wishes for the future.

假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市——成都来旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况，要点如下：

1．城市在本省的地位；

2．城市的历史、人口；

3．景点和美食。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear_Jack，

I'm_really_glad_that_you're_coming_to_Chengdu._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li_Hua