高中英语高考2022年新高考英语二轮复习 高考题型组合练八

组合练八

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·东北三省四市教研联合体一模)

For environmental reasons, the UK will ban all new petro－and diesel－powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 19 years，a government report says.

The plan aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040.It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air.Judges ruled that previous clean－air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.

The British government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.

Part of the new plan involves an offer of $260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions (排放量) are over EU standards.Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.

The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme－low－emission vehicles, nearly $130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.

Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road.“ We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars，” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said.“It’s important that we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”

Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions,  including possible limitations on commuters (上下班往返的人) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options.Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emissions, he said.

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。出于环保原因，英国将在2040年开始禁止生产和使用新的汽油车和柴油车，目的是减少空气污染。

1. Why does the British government decide on this ban?

A．To focus on its citizens’ health.

B．To respond to the court’s request.

C．To promote solar energy in transport.

D．To follow in France’s footsteps.

答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It follows...in the air.”可知，英国高等法院要求政府制订新的计划减少空气中的二氧化氮，所以决定采用这个禁令是应英国法院的要求。]

2. Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?

A．Following in France’s footsteps.

B．Removing old and high－emission vehicles.

C．Spending some money on electric vehicles.

D．Changing the way roads are arranged.

答案　D　[细节题解题。根据第四段尾句“Ideas so far...on the road.”可知，英国政府的想法包括改变道路布局。]

3. What can be inferred from Gove’s words?

A．Convenient public transportation is badly needed.

B．United efforts are required to achieve the plan.

C．Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.

D．Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.

答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容可知，戈夫认为所有人都应该为这一重大变化做好准备，地方社区和地方领导人都要去做一些事。]

4. What is the suitable title for this passage?

A．Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions

B．The EU forces the UK to improve the poor air quality

C．The UK plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads

D．Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change

答案　C　[标题归纳题。由全文内容并结合第一段(主旨段)可知，本文主要讲英国计划在2040年开始禁止生产和使用新的汽油车和柴油车。]

B

(2021·沈阳市质量监测一)

        Confused by food nutrition labels? You’re not alone.Now,  researchers have suggested an alternative: labelling the amount  and type of exercise needed to burn off the calories.

Current food and drink labels display nutritional information such as the amount of calories and fat.However, researchers led  by Prof.Amanda Daley at Loughborough University say that  these labels are having a limited effect on changing buying  habits.Instead, they propose a labelling system called  “physical  activity calorie equivalent or expenditure” (PACE) (体育活动卡路里当量或消耗), which shows how many minutes or miles of physical activity are needed  to burn off the  calories.For example, a small bar of milk chocolate contains 230 calories, which would take about 42 minutes of walking, or 22 minutes of running, to burn off.

They pooled the data from 14 previous studies which compared the impact of PACE labelling with that of other types of food labelling, or with no food labelling at all.They calculated that PACE labelling could cut a person’s daily calorie intake by up to 200 calories.“Public health agencies may want to consider the possibility of including policies to promote PACE food labelling as a strategy that contributes to the prevention and treatment of obesity (肥胖 ) and related diseases，”   said the researchers.

The UK’s Royal Society for Public Health has already called for PACE labelling to replace the current system.However, not everyone is convinced.A spokesperson for the eating disorder charity Beat said, “We believe that anti－obesity campaigns that focus  on weight instead  of health are ineffective  and  that recommending more exercise is an ineffective and over－simplistic approach to a complex problem.Most urgently, public health campaigns must consider people’s mental as well as their physical health,   moving  from  obesity－shaming  to  evidence－based campaigns that build confidence and support healthy eating.”

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。传统的食物营养标签对肥胖者的指导作用有限，研究人员提出了一种名为“体育活动卡路里当量或消耗”的标签系统，有望提醒人们注意运动与饮食的关系，从而减少肥胖。

5. What additional information can you get from PACE labels compared with the current ones?

A．Exercise advice. B．Fat content.

C．Nutrition facts. D．Calorie content.

答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，研究人员提出了一种替代方案：标注燃烧卡路里所需的运动量和类型。据此可知，与旧标签相比，现在的标签提供了运动建议。]

6. What does the underlined word “pooled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Collected. B．Distributed

C．Deleted. D．Proved.

答案　A　[单词猜测题。根据第三段首句中的“the data from 14 previous studies...food labelling”可知，研究人员汇总了先前14项研究的数据，这些研究比较了PACE标签与其他类型的食品标签，或根本没有食品标签的影响。据此可以判断，画线词意为“收集；汇总”。]

7. What can we know from Beat’s comments?

A．Obesity is a physical problem and can be solved by increasing exercise.

B．Obesity is related to eating habits and can be tackled by cutting calories.

C．Obesity is no simple problem but can be settled by focusing on weight.

D．Obesity is complicated and should be tackled physically and mentally.

答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第三句可知，肥胖问题很复杂，应该从身体和心理上解决。]

8. What’s the best title for the text?

A．PACE: A new labelling option

B．Nutrition: A basic step towards health

C．Labelling: A smart advisor for shopping

D．Exercise: An effective treatment for obesity

答案　A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段为全文的主旨段。本文主要介绍了一种名为“体育活动卡路里当量或消耗”(PACE)的标签系统。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试一)

How to Quiet a Complainer

Talking to a complainer can stress you out, but with the right tools you can lighten the mood for all.

__1__Some complainers will stop if you change the conversation in a direction that interests them.If your neighbor is caring much about the phone company,  tell her about an unexpected call you received from an old friend.If your co－worker is complaining about your boss, ask whether he met the new employee.__2__Therefore, you can keep using it.

Summarize  the  complaint.If your  complainer  keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you prove that you’re listening.Ask something like，“Can I tell you what I’ve heard so far and you know that I’ve got it？”  Using “I”  statements (“I’ve heard...”) rather than “you” statements shows that you’re interested rather than trying to shut the person down.__3__

Challenge the person to act.When a complainer is always telling you about her latest problem, ask nicely what she’s done to improve it.This isn’t the usual direction that a complaining conversation takes.__4__

Be honest.When you have things to do, tell the complainer that he must cut the conversation short.__5__You can simply be honest, even saying you need to move on so the conversation doesn’t bring you down—especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.

A．Change the subject.

B．Continue the subject.

C．You don’t need an excuse to stop it.

D．Therefore, you can keep complaining it.

E．Hard as it may be, avoid saying the word “you”．

F．However, this direction may help to shortly end a complaint.

G．This method is especially effective on those who are mindlessly expressing.

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了让抱怨者停止抱怨的几种方法。

1．A　[考查段落主旨句。结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了别人抱怨的时候，你可以选择转移话题，故A项适合作本段的主旨句。]

2．G　[考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“如果你的同事抱怨你们老板，你可以询问他是否碰上了新员工”，再根据空后一句中的“因此，你可以一直用这个方法”可知，空处讲到的应该是这个方法是有效的，所以G项符合语境。]

3．E　[考查总结句。空前一句表示用第一人称陈述而不是第二人称陈述可以表明你感兴趣而不是让他闭嘴，因此空处讲到的应该是对使用第二人称的评价，所以E项符合语境。]

4．F　[考查总结句。结合本段内容“challenge the person...conversation takes.”可知，空处讲到的应该是对这个做法的评价，且F项中的“this direction”与空前的direction呼应，故F项符合语境。]

 5.C　[考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“如果你有事情要忙，告诉抱怨者最好长话短说”，空后一句讲到了“你只需要诚实一些……”，因此空处讲到的应该还是要诚实一些，不需要寻找理由，所以C项符合语境。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2021·重庆七校联考)

People’s lives are strongly affected by the sun.If you live in the Italian countryside, you 1.____________ (probable) like to spend a lot of time 2.____________ (play) out of the house.You feel the effects of the sun even in a big city, like Shanghai with its forests of tall buildings.Even during the night, you are sure the sun will come back by morning.But what if you live in a place 3.____________ Longyearbyen, Norway? It is the world’s most 4.____________ (north) town.More than two thousand people live there and they have 5.____________ different view of the sun.In fact, for about four months of the year, the sun never sets.And for another four months, it never 6.____________ (rise)．

In  Norwegian, “Longyearbyen”  means  “The  Longyear Town”．It was named after a person 7.____________ last name happened 8.____________ (be) Longyear.But the people in the town must all have a really difficult time during the long year.It is very cold and dark, especially during the 9.____________ (sun) part! I couldn’t make 10.____________ for more than one day in a place like that!

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。本文介绍了世界最北部的小城朗伊尔城，这里有大约四个月没有太阳，而又有大约四个月一直有太阳。

1．probably　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，在句子中作状语，修饰动词like，所以填probably。]

2．playing　[考查非谓语动词。spend time(in)doing sth“花费时间做某事”是固定搭配，所以填playing。]

3．like　[考查介词。结合语境可知，此处表示列举，意为“例如”，后跟名词，所以填介词like。上文中的“like Shanghai”也是提示。]

4．northern　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词town，所以填northern。]

5．a　[考查冠词。此处view“看法”是可数名词，且第一次在文中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，又different的发音以辅音音素开头，所以填a。]

6．rises　[考查时态和主谓一致。与空前一句中的“the sun never sets”呼应可推知，此处用一般现在时，表示客观事实，且主语为it，所以填rises。]

7．whose　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引

导限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰先行词a person，表示人，所以填whose。]

8．to be　[考查非谓语动词。happen to be sth“碰巧是……”是固定搭配，所以填to be。]

9．sunless　[考查词性转换。根据本句中的“It is very cold and dark”可推知，此处表示没有太阳的地方，故用形容词sunless“无阳光的，阳光照不到的”修饰名词part。]

10．it　[考查代词。make it“渡过难关”是固定搭配，所以填it。]