高中英语高考2022年新高考英语二轮复习 高考题型组合练十

组合练十

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·广州市综合测试一)

     The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education.In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses(放大镜) he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes.He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”．

His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes(微生物)．Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye.He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rainwater, and human blood.He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue，examined muscle，and investigated the life cycle of insects.

Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”．This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body.Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases  including  anthrax,  diphtheria,  polio,  smallpox ，tetanus, and typhoid.All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek’s original work.Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this__legacy．

In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way：“My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men.And therefore, whenever I found out  anything remarkable, I thought it was my duty to put down my  discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be  informed.”

【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了微生物研究的先驱者安东尼·范·列文虎克为微生物学所作的贡献及他对自己所作的贡献的看法。

1．Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?

A．A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.

B．A  curious  amateur who  made pioneering  studies  of microbes.

C．A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.

D．A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.

答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第一段的首句可知，列文虎克没有接受过正式的科学教育；再根据第一、二段的内容可知，列文虎克制造研究工具去探索微生物世界，他的观察结果是对微生物最早的描述之一；综上所述，列文虎克是一个充满好奇心的业余爱好者，他做出了开创性的微生物研究。故选B项。]

2．The underlined phrase“this legacy” in Paragraph 3 refers to________．

A．the discovery of microbes

B．Pasteur’s theory of disease

C．Leeuwenhoek’s contribution

D．the origin of the tiny organism

答案　C　[词块猜测题。根据画线词语前面提到的“所有的这些突破都是列文虎克原先工作成果的结果”可推知，画线词语表示“列文虎克所作的贡献”，故选C项。]

3. What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek’s letter suggest?

A．He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.

B．He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.

C．He was greatly concerned with improving people’s living conditions.

D．He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.

答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的尾句可知，列文虎克认为把他的发现记录下来是他的义务，这样科学界才可能对这些发现有所了解，由此可推知，他认为分享知识是科学进步的关键，故选D项。]

4. What is the correct order for the following events?

a．Magnifying lenses were built.

b．The “theory of disease” was put forward.

c．Microbes were discovered in samples of water.

d．Leeuwenhoek’s first microscopes were successfully developed.

e．Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.

A．a－d－c－e－b. B．d－a－c－e－b.

C．a－c－d－b－e. D．d－a－e－b－c.

答案　A　[文章排序题。浏览全文，根据第一段和第二段可知，列文虎克从放大镜上获得灵感制造了显微镜，再发现了微生物。根据第三段首句可知，在列文虎克发现微生物两百年后，即大约19世纪后半叶，一种疾病理论被提出。由最后一段可知，他阐述对自己所作的贡献的看法的信是在1716年写的。故选A项。]

B

(2021·南京市、盐城市高三二模)

 On a break from his studies in the MIT Media Lab, Anirudh Sharma traveled home to Mumbai, India.While he was there, he noticed that throughout the day his T－shirts were gradually gathering something that looked like dirt.“I realized this was air pollution, or sooty (像煤一样) particulate matter (PM), made of black particles released from exhausts (排气管) of vehicles，”Sharma says.“This is a major health issue.” Soot consists of tiny black particles, about 2.5 micrometers or smaller, made of carbon produced by incomplete burning of fossil fuels.

Back at MIT, Sharma set out to help solve this air－pollution issue.After years of research and development, Sharma’s start－up Graviky Labs has developed technology that attaches to exhaust systems of diesel generators (柴油发电机) to collect particulate matter.Scientists at Graviky then turn it into ink, called Air－Ink, for artists around the world.So far, the start－up has collected 1.6 billion micrograms of particulate matter.More than 200 gallons of Air－Ink have been harvested for a growing community of more than 1，000 artists, from Bangalore to Boston, Hong Kong, and London.

Posted all over Graviky Labs’s social media platform page today are photos of art made from the Air－Ink and paints, including street wall paintings, body art and clothing prints.At first, there was still no specific application for the ink.Then the start－up decided to find new ways to further spread its mission.It chose to do so through art.“Art helps us raise awareness about where the ink and paints come from.Air pollution knows no borders.Our ink sends a message that pollution is one of the resources in our world that’s the hardest to collect and use.But it can be done，” Sharma says.

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。一次经历让阿尼鲁德·夏尔马决心致力于空气污染治理。他发明了一种由污染物制作而成的Air－Ink。

5．What struck Sharma most during his break in India?

A．Dirt on his T－shirts.

B．A health issue in the local area.

C．The coal industry in Mumbai.

D．Incomplete burning of fossil fuels.

答案　A　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“While he was there...looked like dirt”可知，夏尔马在印度假期间印象最深的是他的T恤上有污垢。]

6．According to the text，Air－Ink is________．

A．a cleaner of outdoor air

B．a product made of PM

C．a newly founded company

D．a printing technology

答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Sharma’s start－up...to collect particulate matter.Scientists at Graviky then turn it into ink，called Air－Ink”可知，这是一种由PM制成的产品。]

7．What can we infer about Air－Ink from the text?

A．It improves artistic effect.

B．It makes pollution acceptable.

C．It helps Sharma make a profit.

D．It raises environmental awareness.

答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第最后一段中的“Art helps us raise awareness about where the ink and paints come from.Air pollution knows no borders.”可推知，Air－Ink能使人们增强环保意识。]

8. What might be the best title for the text?

A. Art knows no borders

B．Waste has no price

C．Less pollution, more art

D．Creative thinking, effective painting

答案　C　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是由污染物制成的Air－Ink的相关内容，而Air－Ink主要用于艺术创作上，故可推知，文章的最佳标题是C项。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021·贵阳市四校高三年级联考三)

Electronic media such as email, instant messaging, video games, and television, has influenced almost every aspect of our daily lives.__1__While some media exposure can be useful and informative (增进知识的), too much screen time takes away from other activities.

Screen time becomes a particularly important issue when discussing children’s use of media.Experts now recommend children’s screen time should be limited to no more than two hours per day,  including television and non school related computer usage.__2__

Unfortunately, it appears that this recommendation is not followed in most families.One recent study found that children between the ages of 8 and 18 spend nearly 45 hours per week watching television,  playing video games,  and surfing the Internet.__3__Besides, much of the electronic media that makes up children’s screen time is filled with inappropriate content.

__4__First, never allow televisions and computers in your child’s bedroom.Avoid using television, video games, and computer time as a reward for good behavior.Provide plenty of other recreational activities for your child to enjoy and set a good example for your child with regard to your own media usage.

It’s important to serve as a model of healthy electronics use for your children.__5__Keeping the TV on for background noise all the time and scrolling(滚屏) through your phone any time will teach your child bad habits.

A．Most children know more about electronics than adults do.

B．Kids easily grow dependent on technology for entertainment.

C．Parents should think of ways to manage their children’s screen time.

D．This is more time than they spend doing homework, or reading for pleasure.

E．However, the effect of being all the time in front of a screen is not entirely positive.

F．So before you watch your favorite TV series, remember to set a good example.

G．Children under the age of two are generally encouraged to  have no screen time at all.

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了过多使用电子媒体对孩子的成长不利，家长应采取方法控制好孩子看屏幕的时间并做好孩子的榜样。

1．E　[考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲了电子媒体已经影响到我们日常生活的几乎各个方面，空后一句提到屏幕时间太多的话会削弱其他活动，E项表述了长时间待在屏幕前的影响并不完全是积极的，故E项符合语境。]

2．G　[考查上下文衔接。本段中心句讲的是“当讨论孩子使用媒体的时候，屏幕时间变成一个特别重要的问题”，再根据空前一句提到的现在专家建议孩子的屏幕时间应限制在每天2小时以内可知，空处讲的内容应该与孩子的屏幕时间相关，所以G项符合语境。]

3．D　[考查上下文衔接。空前一句提到8到18岁的孩子每周花在看电视、玩电子游戏和上网上的时间接近45个小时，故D项(这比他们花在做作业或读书以自娱上的时间多)与空前内容衔接。]

4．C　[考查段落主旨句。本段讲的主要是建议家长怎样管理孩子的屏幕时间，故C项适合作本段的主旨句。]

5．F　[考查总结句。本段中心句讲的是为孩子树立合理使用电子设备的榜样是很重要的，结合空后所述的不正确的行为示范可知，F项符合语境。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2021·河北省九校高三第二次联考)

Wang Hongmei, a master in the Forbidden City, specializes in restoring  damaged  paintings.“I found conservation of paintings extremely 1.____________ (challenge) in the beginning when I often had to stand for hours all day long due to the nature of the work，” Wang 2.____________  (recall)．“Commitment and time 3.____________ (gradual) calmed down my heart.”

It takes a seasoned restorer like Wang a whole year 4.____________ (restore) just three to four paintings.Sometimes the work could take even 5.____________ (long)．A painting over 170 square meters in size, 6.____________ was created for Emperor Qianlong for his retirement, was worn.Wang and her colleagues spent five years restoring the painting to its previous brilliance.

“These treasures are not simply individual items, 7.____________ legacies (遗产) of the craft and spirit passed on by the artists，collectors and restorers of the past，”Qu Feng, one of Wang’s 8.____________ (workmate), said.“Strengthened conservation efforts symbolize increasing national power and 9.____________  (proud)．If we can protect our cultural heritage to the best of our abilities, our nation will come to believe 10.____________ itself more firmly.”

Due to the efforts by the masters in the Forbidden City, the public now can have a further understanding of cultural heritage.

【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了故宫文物修复工作的相关内容。

1．challenging　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法“find＋名词＋形容词”，所以空处需要填challenging。]

2．recalled　[考查时态。根据语境和8空后的said可知，空处需要用一般过去时，故填recalled。]

3．gradually　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的动词短语calmed down，需要用副词，所以空处填gradually。]

4．to restore　[考查非谓语动词。此句采用了固定句型“It takes sb some time to do sth”，据此可知，此处需要用动词不定式，所以填to restore。]

5．longer　[考查比较等级。根据语境可知，此处表示有时这项工作会花费甚至更长时间，故用副词long的比较级longer。]

6．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词A painting，空处在从句中作主语，所以填关系词which。]

7．but　[考查并列连词。此处表示“这些宝物不仅仅是独特的物品，而且是过去的艺术家、收藏家和修复师传下来的手艺和精神遗产”，故此处需要用but。]

8．workmates　[考查名词的数。此处考查“one of＋可数名词复数”，意为“……之一”，所以空处需要填workmates。]

9．pride　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处与前面的名词power并列，所以空处需要填名词pride。]

10．in　[考查介词。此处表示“我们的祖国会更加坚定地相信自己”，由此可知此处考查固定表达believe in sb，意为“相信，信任”，所以空处需要填in。]