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牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 4 知识点梳理
展开牛津译林版 八下 Unit 4 知识点梳理 a good read 一本好读物read:n. “读物”。作动词,“阅读”。reader:n. “读者;读本”。辨析:look/see/watch/readlook:“看”,强调看的动作。 look at sth. “看某物”。see:“看到”,强调看的结果。watch:“专注地看”。 watch TV/the match “看电视/比赛”。read:“阅读”。 read books “看书”。 Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo? 霍波,你已经决定怎样处理这些书了 么?decide:v. “决定”(= make a decision)。 decide to do sth. “决定做某事”。decision:n. “决定”。 do with:“处理;处置”。 常与what连用。= deal with。常与how连用。 Give them to me then. 那把它们给我吧。give:vt. “给”。 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. “给某人某物”。如果直接宾语是代词it/them,间接宾语必须放后面。 give it/them to sb.give相关短语:give up “放弃”; give away “赠送”; give out “分发”; give in “屈服”。 I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. 我必须用它们来够到冰箱上的盒子。reach:vt. “能伸到;够得着”;“到达,抵达”。(非延续性动词)辨析:get to/reach/arriveget to:“到达某地”,直接接地点。arrive:“到达”。arrive at + 小地点; arrive in + 大地点。reach:“到达”,直接接宾语。 I’m interested in history books. 我对历史书籍感兴趣。be interested in:“对……感兴趣”。辨析:interested/interesting/interestinterested:adj.“感兴趣的”。作表语,主语一般是人。 be/become interested in “对……感兴趣”。interesting:adj. “有趣的”。作表语,主语一般是物。interest:n. “兴趣,业余爱好”。 take/have an interest in “对……感兴趣”。 v. “使感兴趣”。宾语常为人。 What do you like to read in your spare time? 在空闲时你喜欢读什么?spare:adj. “空闲的”。 in one’s spare time/in one’s free time “在某人空闲的时候”。作动词,“抽出;节约”。 I’m reading a book about Germany in World WarⅡ. 我正在看一本关于二战时期德国的书。Germany:n. “德国”。German:adj. “德国的;德国人/语的;德国文化的”。 n. “德国人,德语”。 复数:Germans。 They improve my knowledge of the past. 它们增长我的历史知识。improve:v. “改进,改善”。 名词:improvement。knowledge:不可数名词,“知识;学问”。 The Hunchback of Notre Dame by the French writer Victor Hugo is great. 法国作家维克 多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》很棒。French:adj. “法国的,法国人的”。 n. “法语”。France:“法国”; Frenchman:“法国人”。writer:n. “作者,作家”。write:v. “写”。 (wrote,written) write to sb. = write a letter to sb. “给某人写信”; write down “写下”。 The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me. 丑男人卡西莫多的故事确实感动 了我。touch:v.“感动,触动”= move。作动词,“接触,触摸”。作名词,“触碰;联系”。 keep/stay in touch “保持联系”。touching:adj. “动人的;感人的”。touched:adj. “受感动的”。 After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. 当我们的船撞到礁石损坏 之后,我奋力前游。crash:v. “碰撞,倒下,坠落”。 n. “碰撞;碰撞声”。against:prep. “紧靠,碰,撞”;“反对;和……相反”。 against the wall “靠在墙上”。as...as one can/could:“尽某人所能”= as...as possibleas...as中间用adj./adv.的原级。 否定:not as/so...as “不如……”。 By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out. 等到我终于感觉到脚下的陆 地时,我已筋疲力尽。by the time:“到……为止”。time相关短语:from time to time “时不时”; at times “有时”; at a time “每次”; at the same time “同时”;all the time “总是”。be tired out:“筋疲力尽”。 be tired of “对……感到厌烦”。 I woke up as the sun was rising... 当太阳升起时我醒了过来……wake up:“醒来”;“把……叫醒”(若宾语为代词,则放中间)。as:连词,“当……的时候”。as引导时间状语从句,从句中的动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延 续性动词,主从句动作同时发生。 rise:vi.(rose,risen,rising) “升起,上升”。 rise by “上升了……”; rise to “上升到……”。辨析:rise/raiserise:vi. “上升”,指不借助外力起来、升高。raise:vt. “上升,举起”,指人为地让物体升高。 My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground! 我的胳膊、腿和头发被拴在了地上。tie:vt.“捆,绑,系”。 现在分词:tying。tie...to...“把……系/栓到……上”。 被动:be tied to作名词,“领带,带子”。 It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face. 它向上爬过我 的腹部和脖子,直到站在我的脸附近。stomach:n. “胃”。 复数:stomachs。until:连词, “直到……为止”。谓语动词为延续性动词。not...until:“直到……才……”,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词。 I looked down and saw a very small man. 我低头看了看,看见一个非常矮小的男人。look相关短语:look down “向下看,低头看”; look up “向上看;查阅”; look out of “从……向外看”;look up and down “上下打量”; look around “环顾四周”; look through “浏览”。 He was the same size as my little finger! 他不过就我小手指那么大!the same size as...:“和……一样尺寸”。the same...as... “与……一样……”; the same as “和……一样”。 There were around 40 of them. 有大约40个。around:adv. “大约”= about。作介词,“到处,遍及;在……四周”。作副词,“在周围,到处”。 I shouted at them — the loud noise made them all fall over. 我超他们吼叫——很大的声音 使得他们都倒了下去。辨析:shout at/shout toshout at:“冲……大喊大叫”,因为升生气等冲某人吼叫,非善意、态度不友好。shout to:“向……喊叫”,因为距离远不得不大声地叫喊。辨析:noise/voice/soundnoise:不可数名词,“噪音,嘈杂声”。voice:n. “说话声、唱歌声、鸟叫声等”。sound:n. “声音”,指任何可以听到的声音。make sb. do sth.:“使某人做某事”。辨析:fall over/fall down/fall offfall over:“摔倒,跌倒”。(向前摔倒)fall down:“摔倒;落下,倒下”。(直接落地)fall off:“(从……上)摔下来”。其他:fall behind “落后”;fall in love with “与……坠入爱河”。 However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body. 然而,他们很快 又爬了起来,继续在我的身体上走动。continue:v.“继续”。 continue doing sth. “继续做某事”= continue to do sth. One of these small men began talking to me. 其中一个小矮人开始与我交谈……one of... “……之一”,后面接可数名词复数或宾格代词的复数。one of + 复数名词/代词→作主语时,谓语动词用单数。one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 “最……的……之一”。 I did not know what to say either. 我也不知道说什么?辨析:either/too/alsoeither:用于否定句,放句末。also:用于肯定句,放实义动词前、be动词后。too:用于肯定句,放句末。 I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. 我尽力挣脱一只手, 最后设法弄断了绳索。try:v. “努力”。 try to do sth. “努力做某事”; try doing sth.“尝试着去做某事”。作名词,“尝试”。 try on “试穿”; try one’s best“尽力”; have a try “试一试”; give sb. a try “给某人试一下”。manage:v. “设法完成”;“经营,管理”。 manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”。辨析:manage to do sth./try to do sth.manage to do sth. :强调做成了。try to do sth. :尽力去做,但是不一定成功。 When I lifted my left hand into the air... 当我把我的左手举到空中时……lift:v.“举起,抬高;提高”。作名词,“电梯”。 I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people. 我低头向下看,看见一大群小矮人。army:n. “大批,大群”。 an army of “一群……”。“军队”(集体名词)。 I must run away from them... 我必须逃离他们……must:“必须,一定要”。否定:mustn’t “禁止,不允许”。回答must开头的一般疑问句的否定用needn’t。 keep doing sth. 一直做某事keep doing sth. “不断做某事,一直做某事”(强调动作的延续性)。keep on doing sth. “反复做某事”(强调动作的反复性)。keep sb. from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”(from不可省略)。keep:vt. “保存,保管”; vt. “饲养”; vt. “保持”。keep up with “跟上;和……来往”; keep... in mind “把……记在心里”。 They were coming straight towards me. 他们正径直向我走来。straight:adv. “笔直地”。 adj. “笔直的”。辨析:towards/totowards:强调方向。to:侧重到达。 Gulliver found himself unable to move. 格列佛发现自己不能动弹。find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 “发现……怎么样”。find it + adj./n. + to do sth. “发现做某事怎么样”。unable:adj. “不能的,不会的”。 be able/unable to do sth. “能/不能作某事”。辨析:be able to/canbe able to:强调通过努力而获得的能力;强调一种结果;可用于各种时态。can:强调自身具有的能力;强调一种可能;只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 Sandy is wondering where to ask for help. 桑迪想知道去哪儿寻求帮助。wonder:vt. “想知道,对……感到怀疑”= want to know。 vi. “惊讶,惊奇”(与about/at连用)。 不可数名词. “惊奇,惊异”。 a look of wonder “惊异的表情”。 可数名词,“奇观”。wonderful:adj. “精彩的,极好的”。ask for:“请求”。 ask sb. for... “向某人请求……”; ask (sb.) for help “(向某人)请求帮助”。 Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities. 吴老师建议我们选择哪些作为 课外活动。advise:vt. “建议,劝告”。 advise sb. (not) to do sth. “建议某人(不)做某事”。advice:不可数名词,“建议”。 a piece of advice “一则建议”。 Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw. 丹尼尔自学怎样用电脑绘画。teach oneself:“自学”= learn... by oneself。teach sb. (how) to do sth. “教某人(如何)做某事”。 Me Wu has recommended so many interesting books. 吴老师推荐了这么多有趣的书。so many:“如此多的……”,后接可数名词复数形式。so much:“如此多……”,后接不可数名词。 By the way, can you tell me when to hand in our book report? 顺便问一下,你能告诉我什 么时候上交我们的读书报告吗?by the way:“顺便问一下”。hand in:“上交”。 hand out“分发”; by hand “手工”。 You can write anything about your book — what the book is about, what you think of it and so on. 你可以写关于你的书的任何东西——这本书是关于什么的,你认为这本书怎么样, 等等。and so on:“等等”(放句末),表示举例未完。 You must keep the books clean and tidy. 你必须保持书干净、整洁。keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 You must return the books on time. 你必须按时归还图书。on time:“按时,准时”。表示动作在指定时间发生。in time:“及时”,表示动作在限定时间之前发生。 all the British publishing houses refused to publish it 所有的英国出版社都拒绝出版它refuse:v.“拒绝”。 refuse to do sth. “拒绝做某事”。 refuse sb. sth. “拒绝某人某物”。publish:v. “出版”。publishing house:“出版社”。 So far 到目前为止so far:“到目前为止”= up to now。(现在完成时) a great success 巨大的成功success:可数名词,“成功的人或事”。 不可数名词,“成功”。 反义:failure。succeed:vi. “成功”。successful:adj. “成功的”。successfully:adv. “成功地”。succeed in doing sth./be successful in doing sth./have success in doing sth. “成功地做某事”。 has been translated into about 70 languages 已被译成大约70种语言translate:vt. “翻译”。 translate...into... “把……翻译成……”; translate for sb. “为某人翻译”。translation:n. “翻译”。 translator:n. “译者”。 Sales over 450 million copies in over 200 countries and areas 销售量:在200多个国家和 地区超过450 000 000册sales:n. “销售量”。 on sale/for sale “销售”。copy:n. “一本;副本”。 复数:copies。作动词,“抄写;复制;模仿”。 The first Harry Potter book was a great success in the very beginning. 第一本哈利·波特在 一开始就取得了绝大的成功。in the very beginning:“在刚开始”。 in the beginning “开始,期初”= at first。at the beginning of“在……开头”。 ...take turns to borrow books from the library. ……轮流演示从图书馆借书turn:n.“轮到的机会”。 take turns to do sth. “依次/轮流去做某事”; in turn “轮流,依次”; by turns “轮流;交替”。 How many books can I borrow at a time? 我一次能借几本书?辨析:at a time/at one time/at the time/at all timesat a time:“一次;每次”。at one time:“曾经,一度”。at the time:“在那时候”。at all times:“一直;始终”。 Don’t worry. 不用担心。worry:vi. “担心”。 worry about “担心……”= be worried about。worried:adj. “担心的”。 be worried about “担心”。 Just renew them online. 在线续借就行了。online:adv. “在线,联网”。作形容词,“联网的,在线的”。 online travel “在线旅行”。 I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret. 我可以告诉她任何事情,因为他能保守 秘密。tell:vt.“告诉”。 tell sb. sth. “告诉某人某事”; tell sb. (not) to do sth. “告诉某人(不要)做某事”。 Treasure Island tells the story of a young boy who sailed the sea to look for hidden treasure. 《金银岛》讲述了一个年轻的男孩在海上航行寻找藏宝的故事。sail:v. “航行”。 go sailing “驾驶帆船航行”。作名词,“帆”。 His story gave me a lot of confidence. 他的故事给予我很多自信。confidence:n. “信心”。 have confidence in (doing) sth. “对(做)某事有自信”。confident:adj. “自信的”。 be confident of (doing) sth. “对(做)某事有自信”。 I also want to travel and have exciting experiences in the future. 将来我也想去旅行并有令 人兴奋的经历。experience:可数名词,“经历”; 不可数名词,“经验”;动词,“经历,体验”。have experience in/of doing sth. “有做某事的经验”。experienced:adj. “有经验的”。in the future:“将来”。in future:“今后”= from now on。 Mr Wu wants to find out about his students’ reading habits. 吴老师想要弄清楚他的学生的 阅读习惯。habit:n. “习惯”。 It’s a habit with sb. to do sth. the habit of + n./ v.-ing Who do you usually ask for advice on books? 你通常向谁征求读书的建议?advice:不可数名词,“建议,劝告”。 a piece of advice “一条建议”;some advice “一些建议”。give sb. some advice/give some advice to sb. “给某人一些建议”。ask for advice “征求意见”; follow/take sb.’s advice “接受某人的建议”。advise:v. “建议”。 advise sb. to do sth. “建议某人做某事”。 I spend over seven hours a week reading different types of books. 我一周花费七个多小时 读不同类型的书。type:n. “种类,类型”= kind。 a type of “一种……”; all types of “各种各样的……”; different types of “不同类型的……”。 They also open up a whole new world to me. 它们还向我打开了一整个新世界。open up:“开拓;开办;开设”。open:v. “打开”; adj. “开着的
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