专题 02 阅读理解 （说明文） --新高考八省最新名校联考英语试题汇编

专题02  阅读理解 之说明文

--2023年新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编

（原卷版）

1.【重庆市南开中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题】

Live streaming (直播) through channels such as Amazon Live and QVC is an increasingly popular way to sell goods online. It usually lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, and someone promotes a product. Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.

We analyzed 99,451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases. In terms of time, that is equal to over 2 million 30-second television advertisements.

To determine the emotional (情绪的) expression of the salesperson, we used two deep learning models: a face model and an emotion model. The face model discovers the presence or absence of a face in a frame (镜头) of a video stream. The emotion model then determines the probability that a face is exhibiting any of the six basic human emotions: happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear or disgust. For example, smiling signals a high probability of happiness, while an off-putting expression usually points toward anger.

We wanted to see the effect of emotions expressed at different times in the sales cases so we counted probabilities for each emotion for all 62 million frames in our database. We then combined these probabilities with other possible aspects that might drive sales—such as price and product characteristics—to judge the effect of emotion.

We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople show more negative emotions-such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople show high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise.

A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smiling can be unpleasant because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.

32．What can we know about the livestreaming in the first paragraph?

A．It damages the physical economy.

B．It helps to sell the products abroad.

C．It helps big companies promote all goods.

D．It is very convenient for the buyers to buy goods.

33．How did the researchers get the findings?

A．By analyzing previous data. B．By referring to a theory.

C．By giving some examples. D．By concluding different views

34．What does the underlined word “off-putting” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Surprising. B．Delighting. C．Displeasing. D．Embarrassing.

35．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

A．Livestreamers Sell Products Successfully

B．Expressions Affect Selling Products Online

C．Emotions and Faces: What’s the Difference

D．Smiling Can Increase the Sales in Reality

2.【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三12月联考】

It is becoming more apparent now that students do more online learning than they ever have before. There are plenty of ways that educators can use technology to create online lessons and deliver instructions remotely.

You may think that the only way to run an online class is synchronously through web conferences, in the same way that physical learning does—with all of the students and the teacher present at the same time. In most cases, that won’t be very practical, since the probability that all of the learners and the educator being all together with live, stable Internet connections is relatively low.

The most crucial thing to keep in mind is that online learning does not need to take place at the same time as online teaching. You create a course in your LMS (Learning Management System) to be a series of modules (模块). Then you ask your learners to take the modules one after another, because each builds on the last. Each module may be a video that you created regarding the content, accompanied by a PDF, some relevant documents and third-party links, etc. Learners can log into the virtual classroom whenever they want, even during the early hours of the morning, to access each module in the order you have designed. You can also lay out some essential rules for the course, like the frequency and types of assessments and more.

As far as I’m concerned, while most of the time online learning saves the learning cost and provides diverse studying materials and instructions from educators, allowing your learners the freedom to do their coursework according to their schedules is what makes online learning distinctive. It helps boost engagement, teach your learners how to plan for themselves and be responsible, and improve their overall lives.

8．What does the underlined word “synchronously” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．At the same time. B．In the same place.

C．On various conditions. D．Through different channels.

9．Why are learners supposed to follow the modules in a certain order?

A．Every module has essential rules.

B．The modules deal with various topics.

C．Each module is based on the previous one.

D．The modules are designed in different forms.

10．What makes online learning unique according to the author?

A．Flexible learning time. B．Easy access to teachers.

C．Abundant learning resources. D．Affordable education fee.

11．Who are the target readers of the text?

A．Students. B．Parents. C．Officials. D．Teachers.

3.【江苏省赢在新高考2022-2023学年高三12月大联考】

 Located in the tropical forests in Xishuangbanna, southwest China’s Yunnan province, the Asian Elephant Breeding and Rescue Center (AEBRC) is dedicated to giving careful and effective protection to wild elephants.

Though the jungles provide rich sources of food and water for the elephants, they can also pose a threat to them if they become ill or injured, making it difficult for them to survive in the wild.

In August 2015, a baby elephant that was less than one month old was abandoned by her herd at the doorway of a farmer’s house in Simiao, Pu’er city. Vets from the AEBRC came and took the animal to their center for treatment. She was found to have intra-abdominal infections and heart failure. She was also at risk of blood poisoning.

The baby elephant finally recovered after proper treatment by the keepers at the center. However, without the presence of her mother, she became malnourished (营养不良) due to a lack of breast milk. At that time, she weighed only 76 kilograms, much smaller than an average newborn elephant. The vets decided to feed her goat milk, and as she was born in the Chinese Year of the Goat, the elephant was named Yang Niu (“Yang” is Chinese for goat, and Niu means girl). The elephant is now about 6 years old, 1.8 meters tall and weighs 1.3 tonnes.

Currently, there are 11 rescued Asian elephants living at the center and being cared for by 27 keepers, who spend more than 10 hours with them each day. Thanks to these efforts, the population of Asian wild elephants in the province has reached 300 from 150 over the past 30 years.

The local government has designated (指派) a place as a source of food for the elephants so that they do less damage to villagers’ crops while looking for food. They’ve also monitored the elephants using technologies such as drones to keep track of their activities and prevent encounters between villagers and the elephants. The local government has also purchased commercial insurance for residents to compensate them if the elephants attack them.

8．What can be a threat to elephants’ survival according to the text?

A．Lack of food sources. B．Illegal hunting.

C．Physical problems. D．Destruction of forests.

9．What does the example of a baby elephant stress?

A．The recovery of Yang Niu.

B．The efforts made by keepers.

C．The risks facing baby elephants.

D．The importance of mother elephants.

10．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 5?

A．The number of elephants endangered.

B．The urgency of rescuing wild elephants.

C．A steady growth of elephant population.

D．A rising trend of animal overprotection.

11．Why has the government designated a place for elephants?

A．To keep track of their activities.

B．To prevent them from damaging crops.

C．To save them the trouble of looking for food.

D．To ensure the growth of the elephant population.

4.【湖南省部分学校2022-2023学年高三一轮复习联考】

Researchers have developed a device that turns sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and formic acid (甲酸) — a stable fuel that can either be used directly or be changed into hydrogen, without requiring any additional components or electricity. The device, developed by a team from the University of Cambridge, is a significant step toward achieving artificial photosynthesis (光合作用).

Harvesting solar energy to turn carbon dioxide into fuels is a promising way to reduce carbon emissions. However, it is challenging to produce these clean fuels without unwanted by-products. “In addition, storage of gaseous fuels can be complicated — we want to get to the point where we can cleanly produce a liquid fuel that can also be easily stored and transported,” said Professor Eisner, senior author of the study.

In 2019, researchers from Eisner’s group developed a solar reactor based on an “artificial leaf” design, which also uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce a fuel, known as syn-gas. The new technology is quite similar to the artificial leaf but works in a different way and produces formic acid, which can be chemically converted into different types of fuel.

The artificial leaf used components from solar-cells, while the new device doesn’t require these components and relies entirely on photo-catalysts (光催化剂) placed on a sheet. The sheets are made up of semiconductor powders, which can be prepared in large quantities easily and cost-effectively. In addition, this new technology produces clean fuels that are easier to store.

“We were surprised how well it worked — it produced almost no by-products,” said Eisner. “Sometimes things don’t work as well as you expected, but this was a rare case where it actually worked better.”

The researchers are now working to further improve efficiency. Additionally, they are exploring other catalysts to get different solar fuels. “We hope this technology will pave the way toward sustainable and practical solar fuel production,” said Eisner.

32．What was a problem with artificial photosynthesis?

A．It consumes too much electricity. B．It produces too many by-products.

C．The energy it produces is not easy to store. D．The energy it produces cannot be used directly.

33．What advantage does the new device have over the artificial leaf?

A．It is more environment-friendly. B．It is lighter and easier to carry.

C．It is more economical and efficient. D．It uses less energy-demanding solar cells.

34．What do the researchers focus on doing now?

A．Trying out new catalysts. B．Making full use of by-products.

C．Exploring other sustainable fuels. D．Mass-producing their new device.

35．What can be the best title for the text?

A．The prospect of artificial photosynthesis

B．A new device for artificial photosynthesis

C．Opportunities and challenges of photo-catalysts

D．Artificial leaf: great progress on making clean energy

5.【辽宁省六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中联考】

Years of research show that when a native English speaker enters a conversation among nonnative speakers, understanding goes down.Communication specialist Heather Hansen tells us that's because the native speaker doesn't know how to do what nonnative speakers do naturally: speak in ways that are understandable to everyone, using simple words and expressions.They unconsciously use unnecessarily confusing vocabulary, which makes language less understandable.

Ting Gong grew up in Shanghai and moved to the U.S.in her 20s. She ran up against this problem of confusing vocabulary at the doctor's one day. "The receptionist(接待员)gave me a form and asked me to write down my complaints,”she said.“I told her that I did not have any complaint，and she looked impatient and then she asked me to write down anything that I could think of.”

“I only realized that‘complaints' here refers to symptoms I have after I spoke to my husband when I got home. At the doctor's I actually wrote down 'the receptionist was not friendly' as one of my complaints."

So what can we do to improve communication between native and nonnative English speakers?

Hansen says the responsibility shouldn't be on nonnative speakers but rather on native English speakers. Take a page out of nonnative speakers' book, says Hansen, by changing your English to be more inclusive.That means no more confusing expressions. Small changes like this might allow native speakers to join in conversations with nonnative speakers.

Joseph Issam Harb, who was raised in the United States and Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates, said,"I am still learning about English from nonnative speakers.

"In emails, I've discovered an expression commonly used by some nonnative speakers 'please do the needful,' "Harb said."For years I have been interested in this expression and its use in formal work environment emails." Discovering it and wondering about the origins of the expression, which means "please do what needs to be done,"has been an enjoyable thing for Harb.

28．What makes communication between native and nonnative speakers less smooth according to Hansen?

A．The speed of native speakers' talk.

B．Nonnative speakers' bad pronunciation.

C．The difference between speakers' cultures.

D．Native speakers' use of confusing expressions.

29．Why did Gong reply that she did not have any complaint?

A．She had difficulty expressing herself in English.

B．She wanted to get treatment as soon as possible.

C．She failed to understand what the receptionist had meant.

D．She feared that the receptionist would become impatient.

30．What does Hansen suggest native English speakers do?

A．Read books by nonnative English writers.

B．Join in more nonnative speakers' conversations.

C．Make no comment about nonnative speakers' English.

D．Use expressions understandable to nonnative speakers.

31．What did Harb say about nonnative English?

A．It is very interesting. B．It should be corrected.

C．It sounds strange and funny. D．It can be used in informal situations.

6.【湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考】

Do you ever talk to yourself? Although it’s not always a conscious habit, most of us practice self-talk on a daily basis, as away of guiding, motivating or supporting ourselves.

Over the years, research has shown that self-talk can increase productivity, motivation and confidence, and even help manage feelings. “There is solid evidence that self-talk strategies improve learning and performance,” according to sport psychologist Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, who studies the phenomenon of self-talk.

He explains that there are generally three reasons why we practice self-talk: to instruct, to motivate or to evaluate. Instructional self-talk happens when we need to guide ourselves through a specific task, such as learning a new skill. Motivational self-talk usually is used when we want to prepare ourselves for something challenging; it can help to increase confidence. Evaluative self-talk mostly is related to past events or actions.

Hatzigeorgiadis stresses that if we want to use such self-talk to good advantage, it needs to be short, precise and, most of all, consistent. Of course, self-talk also can be ineffective and even detrimental if it’s not done right.

“It is a matter of personal preference or what works for each person; but generally, it is advised that self-talk be positively rather than negatively phrased and focus on what you should do rather than on what you should avoid,” Hatzigeorgiadis says. So, for example, it would be better to say “stay cool” instead of “don’t get upset”. Although both instructions convey the same meaning, you should use positive words rather than negative ones. In this way you can avoid ill results.

Another thing that can make a difference when practicing self-talk is the way you address yourself. According to research published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, using “you” rather than “I” when talking to yourself tends to be more effective. The researchers explain that when you think of yourself as another person, it allows you to give more objective and useful feedback.

28．What does the research say about self-talk?

A．It is a daily habit for everyone. B．It can make people feel better.

C．It may help strengthen memory. D．It is always an unconscious behavior.

29．What can be concluded from Hatzigeorgiadis’ explanation?

A．Self-talk occurs in different situations. B．Self-talk usually makes one brave.

C．Self-talk arises with various feelings. D．Self-talk is closely linked with a certain task.

30．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Confusing. B．Useless. C．Harmful. D．Unbearable.

31．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Self-talk: a close relation to the past B．Self-talk: a great way to avoid ill results

C．Self-talk: a useful tool to benefit our life D．Self-talk: a matter of personal preference

7.【湖北省十一校2022-2023学年高三联考】

Besides “wow” and “great”, what else would you say when flying over the Earth in space? Samantha Cristoforetti, the first Italian female astronaut in space, posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter to share her joy.

She first wrote in Chinese, and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English to help more people understand. “Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world. The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, and indeed, this is true happiness,” it says. Two days before she landed on Earth, the beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on her Twitter account. Before long, her posts went viral on Twitter with thousands of retweets, likes and replies.

The text she quoted is from the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion,a Chinese calligraphy masterpiece by Wang Xizhi (303-361) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420). She also attached three photos taken

in space of China’s Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing. “The poem and views are both magnificent as well as healing. If everyone could enjoy the same sight, a lot of pain in the world would be ‘dissipated’,” one user comments.

As the first Italian female astronaut in space, Cristoforetti carried out her first space mission on Nov 23, 2014. In 2022, she started the second mission in April and returned to Earth on Friday night after a 127-day stay in orbit.

Cristoforetti has also been active in Sino-European cooperation in the field of manned spaceflight. She was a working group member with Chinese counterparts to define and implement cooperation in the field of astronaut operations. When not traveling for work, she is an eager reader and has a great passion for languages. Speaking clear Chinese, Cristoforetti once told the media that the teams from China and Europe were working very well together in the field of astronaut training.

4．What is the result of Cristoforetti’s post online?

A．The birth of a masterpiece.

B．A trend of journey to space.

C．An instant hot issue on Twitter.

D．Different translations of the lines.

5．Which word below can be used to replace the underlined word “dissipated” in Paragraph 3?

A．Relieved. B．Caused.

C．Increased. D．Recognized.

6．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Cristoforetti’s devotion to her career.

B．Cristoforetti’s language learning strategies.

C．The leadership Cristoforetti plays in her team.

D．The possible motivation for Cristoforetti’s post.

7．What can be the best title of the passage?

A．A female astronaut becomes online star

B．A Chinese poem gets popular abroad

C．Literature conveys the beauty of space

D．An Italian astronaut promotes Sino-European cooperation

8.【2022-2023学年河北省石家庄市二中高三期中考试】

Passengers were treated to a very different experience on “the Wellness Train” in May, which was designed to reduce pressure, by doing thoughtful activities like reflection or arts and crafts.

The unique experience was operated on Saturday, May 7,2022 by the London North Eastern Railway (LNER) and traveled from London’s King’s Cross to Lincoln in the UK, according to Time Out. It was to raise people’s understanding of what they can do to manage stress in time for Mental Health Awareness Week (May 9-14).

The idea was conducted by LNER. “Our teams often share some of enjoyment when travelling by train. It’s about making the most of a relaxing environment to get involved in activities that increase your sense of wellbeing,” Kate McFerran, director of communications at LNER said in the news release.

This special train trip offered mood-improving activities by a team of experts, according to Country Living. Each passenger received a seat that featured one activity and a special bag.

So whether you wanted to learn relaxation activities with behavior therapist Ann Richardson, or learn the traditional art of paper folding with Origami Party London, there was actually something for everyone. Other mindful activities included a knitting class, adult doodling, meditation, fitness, and one was even dedicated to games and puzzles.

“The LNER Wellness Train will provide customers traveling between London King’s Cross and Lincoln with a unique experience to engage in some of the most mindful activities you can do from the comfort of your own seat onboard the LNER Azuma service,” the events organizers told Country Living.

While this was just a one-day event, it is hoped that people will take away the idea that train travel can be a relaxing and stress relieving way to commute every day.

8．What’s “the Wellness Train” meant for?

A．To teach arts making. B．To entertain passengers.

C．To offer a free trip. D．To reduce pressure.

9．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The forming of the idea. B．An introduction to the team.

C．The benefits of the idea. D．An introduction to LNER.

10．What can we learn from paragraph 5?

A．Paper folding is a modern art. B．Games are forbidden on the train.

C．There are various relaxation activities. D．Ann Richardson is good at all activities.

11．What is the best title of the passage?

A．Mindful activities on “the Wellness Train”. B．Unique experiment on “the Wellness Train”.

C．Traditional art show on “the Wellness Train”. D．Relaxing travel on “the Wellness Train”.

9.【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三】

Reflexology is a natural treatment dating back to ancient times. It is based on the idea that there are zones, or areas, in the feet and hands that are related to other parts and systems of the body. For example, the tips of the toes and fingers are related to the head and neck, and the ball of the foot is related to the heart and chest. A reflexologist applies pressure to specific areas in a patient’s feet and hands to relieve symptoms or pain in other related areas.

This type of treatment does not cure or diagnose specific health problems, and it does not involve any medicine or drugs. Yet many patients find that it successfully relieves symptoms of stress and disease. Reflexology is effective for pain, headaches, and sleeping difficulties, among other ilnesses. Applying pressure to the feet and hands relieves tension, improves blood circulation, and relaxes muscles. It promotes the natural, healthy functions and well-being of the entire body. Reflexology is often used along with other types of treatments, including conventional medicine.

This gentle therapy is safe and simple. A reflexologist’s only tools are his or her hands. Pressure is strong, but not uncomfortable. It’s not uncommon for patients to fall asleep during treatments.

A typical treatment session lasts one hour. Treatment is usually focused on the feet for most of the session. A patient is asked to remove his or her shoes and socks, to sit in a comfortable reclining chair, and then to relax as the reflexologist warms the patient’s feet with his or her hands and applies pressure to the appropriate parts of the foot. The last ten minutes of the session are dedicated to the hands.

After relieving specific problems, many patients continue a regular program of treatment to maintain good health. Some reflexologists suggest building at least a five- minute reflexology session into every day for long-term relief of stress and pain.

12．What is a reflexologist?

A．a scientist who studies reflexology practice.

B．a patient who receives reflexology treatment.

C．a person who provides reflexology treatment.

D．a person who supports the reflexology theory.

13．Which of the following is true about reflexology according to the article?

A．It can deal with problems with the feet.

B．It works wonderfully with some diseases.

C．It is often combined with other treatments.

D．Many people do it at least five minutes daily.

14．In a typical session of reflexology, about how much time is spent on the feet?

A．One hour. B．Fifty minutes. C．Ten minutes. D．Half the time.

15．In ideas, which of the following is similar to reflexology?

A．Chinese herbal therapy. B．Spiritual healing method.

C．Traditional western medicine. D．Chinese acupuncture (针灸).

10.【福建省福州市三校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中联考英语试题】

Have you ever thrown a camel? Camels are large and heavy animals, so it would be hard to do so. But in the French-speaking Democratic Republic of the Congo, “to throw a camel” is a way of saying “to make a spelling mistake”. In the past, a phrase like that was not accepted by the French government as an official French term. But recently, the French Ministry of Culture worked on a new kind of dictionary that accepts the idea that many people in other countries and regions speak the language. The language has changed as time goes by and is different in places like Ivory Coast in West Africa or Quebec in Canada, compared to how it is in Paris.

The new online French dictionary includes new French words from around the world. It was released (发布) on March 18—just in time for International Francophonie Day on March 20. After its release, it is updated (更新) on a regular basis. It now contains about 600,000 terms. The French Culture Minister says the dictionary is not just for France’s 67 million citizens, but for the 300 million French speakers worldwide.

Supporters say the new dictionary is more democratic (大众化的) than earlier French dictionaries that  only showed the way highly educated French people spoke. Official dictionaries produced by the French Academy in Paris were first published hundreds of years ago and are regularly updated. The online dictionary, however, has a new part you cannot find in a book. If you live in Senegal, for example, you can search the dictionary, and it will give you the meaning of a word based on its use in that country.

“The French no longer have a monopoly (独占) on French,” a French magazine that supports the dictionary wrote recently. “And that is good news”.

28．What do we know about the phrase “to throw a camel”?

A．It tells us camels are too large to be thrown.

B．It can be found in an ancient French dictionary.

C．It is a phrase still not accepted by the French government.

D．It can be used when you see someone makes a spelling mistake.

29．How is the online French dictionary different from other dictionaries?

A．It needs updating regularly. B．It is mainly for non-French speakers.

C．It takes in worldwide French usages. D．It includes few official French terms.

30．What do the supporters think of the dictionary?

A．It helps spread standard French. B．It’ll attract more people to learn French.

C．It’ll benefit French’s development. D．It brings 300 million French speakers.

31．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Culture. B．Opinion. C．Technology. D．Lifestyle.