专题 02 阅读理解（说明文） --新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编

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专题 02 阅读理解（说明文）
--2023年新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编
（解析版）
1.【重庆南开中学2022-2023学年高三上学期质量检测】
Passage 1
With climate change on track to destroy the world’s coral reefs, scientists race to create a new super-coral that can survive extreme temperatures.
A type of microscopic algae called Symbiodiniaceae lives within most coral’s tissues. The two organisms have been living dependently for hundreds of millions of years in a way that resembles the relationship between humans and trees. The algae consume coral’s waste products, and coral consumes nutrients that the algae photosynthesize. Coral also provides shelter for algae. But when exposed to too much heat or light, the algae release harmful chemicals, so the coral casts them out. Left without their main energy source, the coral will starve to death. This is also bad news for the algae. But natural evolution has provided a biological feedback loop that can help the two reunite.
One of the compounds that algae release when water becomes hot, called DMs, bubbles up to the surface of the water and forms a thin layer, which shields the coral like a natural, on-demand layer of sunscreen. With this protection, the water cools down and algae can return to the coral and reestablish their partnership unless the water is too hot, in which case the coral consumes the components that make up DMs before it can form.
Climate change is becoming too intense for coral and algae to naturally adapt fast enough. Therefore, scientists are testing out different ways to accelerate that adaptation through various methods of assisted evolution. Some teams are currently conducting small field trials of selective breeding, where they identify the most heat-tolerant members of a sample of corals. Then they breed them together to create offspring that can be used to help restore coral reefs. Others are focusing their efforts on speeding up the algae’s adaptation, attempting to increase its heat tolerance in labs.
Ultimately, scientists may implement a cocktail of solutions to save coral reefs. “To create a super-coral, we could, for example, selectively breed heat-tolerant corals and combine that with enhanced algae, ” says van Oppen.
28．What can we learn about Paragraph 2?
A．The algae release damaging substances when exposed to heat.
B．The coral eats the waste produced by the algae.
C．The algae is to the coral what trees are to humans.
D．The coral will die from harmful chemicals when it’s too hot.
29．When the water is too hot, natural evolution fails to help because _______.
A．DMS can’t be formed B．the sunscreen layer is destroyed
C．the coral consumes DMS D．the algae release too much DMS
30．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes. B．By making a comparison.
C．By presenting approaches. D．By describing a process.
31．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The role played by the algae within the coral.
B．The way to create a super-coral to save reefs.
C．Selective breeding conducted among corals.
D．Scientists’ efforts to increase algae’s heat tolerance.
【答案】28．C    29．A    30．C    31．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着气候变化对全球珊瑚礁的破坏，科学家们竞相创造一种能够在极端温度下生存的新型超级珊瑚。文章介绍了藻类和珊瑚的关系以及超级珊瑚的培育过程。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“The two organisms have been living dependently for hundreds of millions of years in a way that resembles the relationship between humans and trees. The algae consume coral’s waste products, and coral consumes nutrients that the algae photosynthesize(这两种生物已经独立生活了数亿年，就像人类和树木之间的关系一样。藻类消耗珊瑚的废物，而珊瑚消耗藻类光合作用的营养物质)”可知，海藻吃珊瑚的排泄物, 而珊瑚则食用海藻光合作用所产生的养分, 这一点与树和人的关系是一样的。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“With this protection, the water cools down and algae can return to the coral and reestablish their partnership unless the water is too hot, in which case the coral consumes the components that make up DMs before it can form.(有了这种保护，水就会冷却下来，藻类可以回到珊瑚身边，重新建立它们的伙伴关系，除非水太热，在这种情况下，珊瑚在形成DMS之前就会消耗掉组成DMS的成分)”可知，当水太热时，自然进化无法提供帮助，因为DMS无法形成。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段“Climate change is becoming too intense for coral and algae to naturally adapt fast enough. Therefore, scientists are testing out different ways to accelerate that adaptation through various methods of assisted evolution. Some teams are currently conducting small field trials of selective breeding, where they identify the most heat-tolerant members of a sample of corals. Then they breed them together to create offspring that can be used to help restore coral reefs. Others are focusing their efforts on speeding up the algae’s adaptation, attempting to increase its heat tolerance in labs.(气候变化变得过于剧烈，珊瑚和藻类无法足够快地自然适应。因此，科学家们正在通过各种辅助进化的方法来测试不同的方法来加速这种适应。一些团队目前正在进行选择性繁殖的小型现场试验，他们在珊瑚样本中确定了最耐热的成员。然后他们把它们繁殖在一起，创造出可以用来帮助恢复珊瑚礁的后代。其他人则致力于加快藻类的适应，试图在实验室中提高其耐热性)”可推知，第4段分别提出了两个解决的方案展开的。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With climate change on track to destroy the world’s coral reefs, scientists race to create a new super-coral that can survive extreme temperatures. (随着气候变化对全球珊瑚礁的破坏，科学家们竞相创造一种能够在极端温度下生存的新型超级珊瑚)”结合文章介绍了藻类和珊瑚的关系以及超级珊瑚的培育过程。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是创造超级珊瑚来拯救珊瑚礁的方法。故选B。

Passage 2
Winter is on its way. Here in the New York area, we can expect a few perfect days of cold, clear air and snow that sparkles in the sun; but the season’s dominant notes will most likely be rain, overcast skies, bone-chilling winds, and more rain.
For all of us who have cherished our walks in the park and our socially-distanced conversations, the change in the weather feels like the final offense. The pandemic continues and now we won’t even be able to get outside.
I don’t have any new solutions for the pandemic, I’m afraid, but take it from someone who grew up in northern England: Terrible weather does not mean you don’t get to socialize outdoors.
If a little thing like rain stopped British people from enjoying a day at the seaside or a hike in the hills, I might never have known the joys of the Yorkshire barbecue. It was sometimes my appointed role to hold an umbrella over the grill while my father tended to the sausages and burgers because a barbecue had been planned, and so a barbecue was going to take place.
The big secret about bad weather is that, certain dangerous storm conditions aside, it’s really bad only if you decide it’s bad. You may know the experience of being caught unprepared in heavy rain, starting to hurry toward shelter, then finally surrendering to the reality that you’ll be getting a soaking. Much of the discomfort of rain or cold temperatures arises not from the sensations themselves, but from a kind of internal struggle to avoid feeling them. The key to British enjoyment lies in not expecting your time outdoors to be especially warm or dry in the first place.
A friend of mine has treasured memories of her parents setting out a wonderful picnic spread just as the heavens opened, but deciding to let the kids go ahead and eat anyway, in a chaos of wet sandwiches and hysterical laughter. Whatever else this winter has in store, we might use it to create some similarly joyful and affection-filled memories, remembering always the words by the British writer Alfred Wainwright: “There’s no such thing as bad weather, only unsuitable clothing. ”
32．What do we know about the author?
A．He has got tired of the pandemic.
B．He is no stranger to terrible weather.
C．He hates the weather in the New York area.
D．He is expecting some perfect days of the winter.
33．Why does bad weather make people uncomfortable according to Para. 5?
A．Getting totally wet gives people bad feelings.
B．It takes a lot of trouble for people to seek shelter.
C．Bad weather can lead to dangerous storm conditions.
D．People don’t want to experience bad weather at heart.
34．Why does the author mention the experience of a friend of his?
A．To encourage people to face bad weather more positively.
B．To present a wonderful way of dealing with difficulties.
C．To explain why British people have a preference for picnic.
D．To show how to create memorable experiences with children.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Is Winter Coming?
B．Are You Prepared?
C．Brave the Bad Weather
D．Outdoor Activity Counts in Winter
【答案】32．B    33．D    34．A    35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者虽然经历了英国冬季的坏天气，但是他依然认为不管天气有多糟糕，人们只有调整自己的心态去积极应对各种天气变化，才能享受生活的乐趣。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here in the New York area, we can expect a few perfect days of cold, clear air and snow that sparkles in the sun; but the season’s dominant notes will most likely be rain, overcast skies, bone-chilling winds, and more rain.”（在纽约地区，我们可以期待几天完美的天气，寒冷清新的空气和在阳光下闪耀的白雪；但是这个季节的主要音符很可能是下雨，阴天，刺骨的寒风以及更多的降雨。）可知，作者对于纽约的地区冬季的气候十分清楚，推断出他对这种阴天多雨烦人糟糕天气并不陌生。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第五段“Much of the discomfort of rain or cold temperatures arises not from the sensations themselves, but from a kind of internal struggle to avoid feeling them.”（大部分由于大雨或寒冷的温度引起的不适并不来自感觉本身，而是来自一种内在的逃避感觉的斗争。）可知，人们对于坏天气的不适取决于自己内心的逃避心理。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第六段“Whatever else this winter has in store, we might use it to create some similarly joyful and affection-filled memories, remembering always the words by the British writer Alfred Wainwright: “There’s no such thing as bad weather, only unsuitable clothing. ””（不管这个冬天还有什么，我们可能用它来制造一些类似的快乐和充满感情的回忆，永远记住英国作家Alfred Wainwright的话：“没有坏天气，只有不适合的衣服。”）可知，作者认为不管冬天天气的好坏，人们要用自己的努力积极去面对任何可能发生的天气变化。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，作者借助对英国坏天气的介绍和人们应对坏天气的不同心态，得出结论：不管天气如何，人们需要调整自己的心态勇敢地去面对各种突发的天气情况，才能获得生活的乐趣，C项“在坏天气中勇敢”符合题意。故选C项。

2.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中试题】
“Regrets, I’ve had a few. But then again, too few to mention,” Frank Sinatra chanted in his 1969 hit “My Way”. The song’s idea is attractive: that anyone can just declare what’s done is done and move on. Some take the declaration a step further and claim they have no regrets at all. Whether a boast or an actual attitude, “no regrets” suggests that life can and should be lived without looking through the rear-view mirror.
Easier said than done, though. In 2020, author Daniel H. Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest ever survey on the topic. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 82% said regret is at least an occasional part of their life; roughly 21% said they feel regret “al1 the time.” Only 1% said they never feel regret.
If you are of the “no regrets” type, you might think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. True, being overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To rid yourself of regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow; it leads you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
As uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive (认知) achievement. If today your relationship with your partner has soured, your regret might mentally take you back to last year. You would remember your being mean and sensitive, and then imagine yourself showing more patience, being kind instead of hurtful at key moments. Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be progressing instead of languishing.
But regret doesn’t have to be left unmanaged. The trick is to acknowledge it and use it for learning and improvement. You can be honest with yourself about what went wrong and use that knowledge to enjoy better relationships in the future.
4．What should we do if we have had a bitter quarrel with a close friend according to Frank Sinatra?
A．Attract more people to your argument.
B．Send him/her a letter of apology.
C．Boast about being more reasonable.
D．Forget about it and just let it go.
5．Which of the following statements about regret may the writer agree with?
A．We can do nothing about regret.
B．Unhappiness results from regret.
C．Ignoring regrets is missing the opportunity to improve.
D．Ridding yourself of regrets helps free you from sorrow.
6．What does the underlined word “languishing” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Improving.
B．Healing.
C．Showing up.
D．Breaking up.
7．What might be a suitable title for the text?
A．Regret to become smarter-if you let it.
B．Long for a different past? Regret it!
C．Regret? Not my way!
D．Stay away! Regret will heal itself.
【答案】4．D    5．C    6．D    7．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者试图解释一个问题：世界上很多人常常陷于后悔之中，觉得这是不幸福的原因。所以试图永不后悔。但作者却认为适当的后悔才能帮助我们不断进步。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段二三句“The song’s idea is attractive: that anyone can just declare what’s done is done and move on. Some take the declaration a step further and claim they have no regrets at all.（这首歌的想法很吸引人：任何人都可以宣布所做的事情已经完成，然后继续前进。有些人更进一步，声称自己完全不后悔。）”可知，如果我们采纳Frank Sinatra的观点，在与朋友争吵后，我们不会道歉，我们只会任凭争吵已发生，然后朝前看。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段后两句“To rid yourself of regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow; it leads you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.（摆脱后悔并不能让你摆脱羞耻或悲伤；它会让你一次又一次犯同样的错误。要真正摆脱内疚，我们必须把后悔放在适当的位置。）”可知，作者并不赞同一个人永远都不后悔这一观点，相反他觉得，如果人永远都不后悔，它就会以此犯同样的错误，得不到任何提升和进步。故选C项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be progressing instead of（然后你会快进到今天，看看你们的关系会如何进展而不是）”可知，instead of前后为转折关系，前文说关系需要有进展，而有进展的反面则是结束关系，或者关系破裂，故推测languishing 意为“关系结束”。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段一二句“But regret doesn’t have to be left unmanaged. The trick is to acknowledge it and use it for learning and improvement.（但后悔不必被忽视。诀窍是承认它，然后将其用于学习和改进中。）”可知，作者建议读者利用好“后悔”这一举动来促进自我的进步，故选项A“Regret to become smarter-if you let it.（如果你愿意-后悔能让你变得更聪明）”符合文章主旨大意。故选A项。
3.【浙江省杭州第二中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月模拟试题 】
Climate change is already affecting water access for people around the world, causing more severe droughts and floods. Climate change impacts the water cycle by influencing when, where, and how much rain falls. It also leads to more severe weather events over time. Increasing global temperatures causes water to rise into the air in larger amounts, which will lead to higher levels of atmospheric water vapor and more frequent, heavy, and intense rains in the coming years.
Climate scientists predict that this shift will lead to more floods since more water will fall than vegetation and soil can absorb. The remaining water, or runoff, flows into nearby waterways, picking up contaminants like fertilizers (肥料) on the way. Too much runoff eventually travels to larger bodies of water like lakes, and the ocean, damaging the water supply and limiting water access for humans and ecosystems.
When fertilizers from farming wash into lakes and the ocean, they promote the rapid growth of algae (藻类). These resulting algal blooms fill coasts and waterways with clouds of green, blue-green, red, or brown algae. They block sunlight from reaching underwater life and reduce oxygen levels within the water. Poisons from the algae can kill off fish and other aquatic animals, make people sick, and even kill humans. These poisons are especially dangerous because they can survive rainfall processes, making tap water unfit to consume once contaminated. Algal blooms also impact industries that rely on the water for business, and often cause local waterfronts to shut down during blooms.
There are many things that everyone can do to lessen the impact of climate change. Some measures include growing your own fruits and vegetables or buying locally grown produce, since produce is often transported to grocery stores from far away by trucks, which add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. You could also walk or ride a bike instead of driving a car.
12．What is a consequence of climate change according to paragraph 1?
A．Extreme weather. B．Water supply. C．Water cycle. D．Polluted atmosphere.
13．What does the underlined word “contaminants” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Nutrients. B．Soils. C．Pollutants. D．Organisms.
14．What does the author tell us to do in the last paragraph?
A．Master some ways to do farming work. B．Buy more foreign fruits and vegetables.
C．Have a regular exercise like walking. D．Form some habits of reducing carbon dioxide.
15．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Causes of Climate Change. B．Harm Climate Change Does to Humans.
C．Impacts of Climate Change on Water Access. D．Ways to Lessen the Impacts of Climate Change.
【答案】12．A    13．C    14．D    15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述气候变化已经影响到全世界人民的用水，造成了更严重的干旱和洪水。而我们每个人都可以做很多事情来减轻气候变化的影响。
12．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Climate change is already affecting water access for people around the world, causing more severe droughts and floods. Climate change impacts the water cycle by influencing when, where, and how much rain falls. It also leads to more severe weather events over time. (气候变化已经影响到全世界人民的用水，造成了更严重的干旱和洪水。气候变化通过影响降雨的时间、地点和数量来影响水循环。随着时间的推移，这也会导致更严重的天气事件。)”可知，气候变化会引起极端天气。故选A项。
13．词句猜测题。由文章第二段“The remaining water, or runoff, flows into nearby waterways, picking up contaminants like fertilizers on the way. Too much runoff eventually travels to larger bodies of water like lakes, and the ocean, damaging the water supply and limiting water access for humans and ecosystems.(剩余的水或径流会流入附近的水道，在途中收集肥料等的 。过多的径流最终会流向更大的水体，如湖泊和海洋，从而破坏供水，限制人类和生态系统的用水。)”可知，最终这些径流会破坏人类和生态系统的用水，所以猜测contaminants应表示“污染物”。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“There are many things that everyone can do to lessen the impact of climate change. Some measures include growing your own fruits and vegetables or buying locally grown produce, since produce is often transported to grocery stores from far away by trucks, which add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. You could also walk or ride a bike instead of driving a car.(每个人都可以做很多事情来减轻气候变化的影响。一些措施包括种植自己的水果和蔬菜，或购买当地种植的农产品，因为农产品通常由卡车从很远的地方运到杂货店，这会增加大气中的二氧化碳。你也可以步行或骑自行车代替开车。)”可知，我们可以做很多事来来减轻气候变化的影响。其中包括做一些可减少二氧化碳的事情。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Climate change is already affecting water access for people around the world, causing more severe droughts and floods. Climate change impacts the water cycle by influencing when, where, and how much rain falls. It also leads to more severe weather events over time. Increasing global temperatures causes water to rise into the air in larger amounts, which will lead to higher levels of atmospheric water vapor and more frequent, heavy, and intense rains in the coming years.(气候变化已经影响到全世界人民的用水，造成了更严重的干旱和洪水。气候变化通过影响降雨的时间、地点和数量来影响水循环。随着时间的推移，这也会导致更严重的天气事件。全球气温升高会导致更多的水上升到空气中，这将导致未来几年更高水平的大气水蒸气和更频繁的暴雨。)”以及后文可知，文章主要讲述气候变化已经影响到全世界人民的用水。所以C项Impacts of Climate Change on Water Access.(气候变化对用水的影响)符合文意。故选C项。

4.【浙江省北斗星盟2022-2023学年高三上学期12月联考试题】
Passage 1
The spending power of young people varies from person to person. Each, however, is faced with the same question: what to do with their money? Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out their parents’ credit cards on games or other online activities.
However people intend to use their money, the importance attached to managing it seems to be unparalleled to younger generations. In this case, Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely caught the public’s attention.
When Jerry’s grandchildren turned 13, his present to each of them was four jars: one for Spending, one for Saving, one for Giving, and another for Investing. It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive.
The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness. Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like.
The Saving jar, giving you a vision for the future, could involve saving for university but it could also mean saving for that special something you’ve seen in the stores.
The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future, but gives the opportunity to build for the future. Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education, it also means investing in yourself.
The Giving jar is all about kindness and helping. Whether you want to help out a friend or give money to children in another country, it’s up to you.
The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do, so that they can grow up understanding the value of the valuable. In this way, they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money they have. Indeed, the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money.
24．Why did Jerry give his grandchildren jars as the birthday present?
A．To increase their spending power.
B．To teach them how to manage money.
C．To prevent them from spending money.
D．To share with them his attitude to money.
25．What can we infer from the text?
A．Jerry aims to help his grandchildren learn life-long values.
B．Teenagers can always learn how to spend money from their grandfather.
C．The money in the Investing jar is intended to help children in need.
D．The Spending jar is the only jar that represents a vision for the future.
26．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To give suggestions. B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To make a comparison. D．To present an example.
27．Which of the following word can be used to describe Jerry?
A．Wise. B．Friendly. C．Selfless. D．Humble.
【答案】24．B    25．A    26．B    27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当下每个人都面临着同样的问题：如何处理他们的钱。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句“It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive(从那时起，他的孙子们开始掌握如何使用他们收到的钱)”可知，通过这些罐子孙子们学会如何管理自己的钱。由此推知，Jerry给孙子们罐子的目的是教会他们理财。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness. Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like(花钱罐教给我们的价值观是，你要对自己的幸福负责。钱让你独立，让你有机会买你喜欢的东西)”可推知，Jerry的目标是帮助孙辈学习终身的价值观。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do, so that they can grow up understanding the value of the valuable(这些罐子更广泛的目的是鼓励青少年更客观地思考金钱和它能做的事情，这样他们就能在成长过程中理解有价值的东西的价值)”和最后一句“Indeed, the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money(事实上，罐子里的小零钱可能意味着他们理财方式的巨大变化)”可知，最后一段介绍了这些罐子的用途和目的，也就是对全文做一个总结。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In this case, Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely caught the public’s attention (在这种情况下，Jerry Witkovsky和他用四个罐子教青少年如何明智地花钱的方法引起了公众的注意)”可知，Jerry是一个非常明智的人。故选A。
Passage 2
It was in 2005 that Chris Jones of the University of California, Berkeley put the finishing touches on the world’s first online household carbon calculator. He hoped that, if he could show people how much greenhouse gas was associated with daily activities, they might change their behaviour and contribute in some small measure to saving the Amazon. Seventeen years later, trackers are providing a wealth of often-neglected information about the carbon emissions of everyday life.
Trackers work by asking users to answer questions such as: how many miles a year do you drive; how much is your annual household electricity bill; how often do you eat meat? They then calculate a personal or household estimate of emissions of carbon-dioxide equivalent(等价物) per year. What do they tell us?
Dr Jones describes the main household polluting activities as “cars, coal, cows and consumption, roughly in that order”. By far the largest single source of emissions is the family vehicle. Swapping it for an electric vehicle would save over 6 tonnes, or an eighth of the average American household’s yearly emissions.
No other change would elicit that much saving, though electricity in the home is responsible for over 5 tonnes of carbon emissions a year, so generating it with solar panels would come close. Like electric vehicles, a roof full of solar panels is not cheap. Changing diets costs less, and American households consume meat worth 2.7 tonnes of CO2e a year, far more than most people. If Americans went vegetarian, that would be like half an average solar roof.
Over the next 30 years, many countries are promising to move to net-zero carbon, implying that household emissions will have to be cut to close to nothing. Trackers, it seems, have daunting(令人怯步的) lessons for public bodies and private households alike.
28．Why did Dr Jones put forward the idea of carbon trackers?
A．To keep track of household activities.
B．To calculate the carbon emissions of everyday life.
C．To remind people to adopt a low-carbon lifestyle.
D．To learn how greenhouse gas was related to daily activities.
29．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The purpose of the invention.
B．The targeted users of the invention.
C．The improvement of the invention.
D．The operating principles of the invention.
30．The underline word “elicit” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to ________ .
A．generate B．accumulate C．manage D．consume
31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Trackers only give alarming lessons to private households.
B．The largest single source of emissions is the electric vehicle.
C．Consuming more vegetables than meat helps reduce carbon emissions.
D．Americans vegetarians spend half of their savings building an average solar roof.
【答案】28．C    29．D    30．A    31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了来自University of California的Chris Jones完成了全球首个在线家庭碳计算器，并通过追踪器提供了大量日常生活中经常被忽视的碳排放信息。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He hoped that, if he could show people how much greenhouse gas was associated with daily activities, they might change their behaviour and contribute in some small measure to saving the Amazon(他希望，如果他能向人们展示与日常活动有关的温室气体有多少，他们可能会改变自己的行为，并为拯救亚马逊做出一份小小的贡献)”可知，Jones制作碳追踪器是为了提醒人们采用低碳生活方式来为拯救亚马逊做出贡献。故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“Trackers work by asking users to answer questions such as: how many miles a year do you drive; how much is your annual household electricity bill; how often do you eat meat?(追踪器的工作原理是让用户回答以下问题：你一年开车多少英里；你们家庭一年的电费是多少？你多久吃肉一次？)”可知，第二段主要在介绍追踪器的主要原理。故选D。
30．词义猜测题。根据所猜词后“though electricity in the home is responsible for over 5 tonnes of carbon emissions a year, so generating it with solar panels would come close(尽管家庭用电每年要排放超过5吨的碳，所以用太阳能电池板发电将会接近)”可知，其他任何变化都不会带来这么多的节约，所以用太阳能发电会产生节约。由此推知，所猜词的意思为“产生”。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Changing diets costs less, and American households consume meat worth 2.7 tonnes of CO2e a year, far more than most people. If Americans went vegetarian, that would be like half an average solar roof. (改变饮食习惯的成本更低，美国家庭每年消耗的肉类相当于2.7吨二氧化碳，远远超过大多数人。如果美国人吃素，那就相当于半个普通的太阳能屋顶)”可知，吃素所产生的二氧化碳比吃肉要少。由此推知，食用蔬菜多于肉类有助于减少碳排放。故选C。

5.【江苏省苏州市吴江汾湖高级中学等重点中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考】
A case highlights a little-known fact about a poor diet: In addition to being tied to obesity, heart disease and cancer, they can also permanently damage the nervous system, particularly vision, according to a report published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.
A teen who ate nothing but fries, chips and other junk food for years slowly went blind. The teen’s problems began at age 14, when he went to the doctor’s office complaining of tiredness. The teen was reportedly a picky eater, and blood tests showed he had anemia and low levels of vitamin B12. He was treated with injections of vitamin B12 along with advice on how to improve his diet.
However, by age 15, he developed hearing loss and vision problems, but doctors couldn’t seem to find the cause—results from an MRI and eye exam were normal. Over the next two years, the teen’s vision got progressively worse. When the boy was 17, an eye test showed that his vision was 20/200 in both eyes, the threshold (起始点) for being “legally blind” in the United States.
Further tests showed the teen had developed damage to the optic nerve (视神经). In addition, the teen still had low levels of vitamin B12, along with low levels of selenium (硒) and vitamin D．These deficiencies caused doctors to ask the teen about the foods he ate. “The patient admitted that, since elementary school, the only things he ate had been fries, chips, white bread, processed ham slices and sausage,” the authors from the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom wrote in the report.
This kind of vision loss is potentially reversible (可逆的) if caught early. However, by the time the teen was diagnosed, his vision loss was permanent. What’s more, wearing glasses would not help the teen’s vision, because damage to the optic nerve cannot be corrected with lenses, said the study lead author Dr. Denize Atan.
28．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．A poor diet can cause poor vision.
B．Vitamin B12 is important to vision.
C．Unhealthy food causes many diseases.
D．Doctors’ advice is helpful to people.
29．Why did the teen’s condition get worse?
A．His illness couldn’t be treated.
B．He kept having a poor diet.
C．Vitamin B12 didn’t work on him.
D．He developed damage to his nerves.
30．What does the underlined word “deficiencies” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Barriers. B．Materials. C．Reasons. D．Shortages.
31．What can be inferred about the teen?
A．His optic nerve will be recovered.
B．His problems will be solved well.
C．He is advised to take in more nutrition.
D．He needn’t wear glasses any more.
【答案】28．A    29．B    30．D    31．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章指出一个案例表明不良的饮食习惯可能会导致人们视力下降，甚至失明。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“A case highlights a little-known fact about a poor diet: In addition to being tied to obesity, heart disease and cancer, they can also permanently damage the nervous system, particularly vision, according to a report published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.(《内科医学年鉴》上发表的一篇报告指出，一个案例突出了一个鲜为人知的事实：不良饮食除了与肥胖、心脏病和癌症有关外，还会对神经系统，尤其是视力造成永久性损害)”可知，文章主要讲不良的饮食会导致视力下降。故选A项。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A teen who ate nothing but fries, chips and other junk food for years slowly went blind. The teen’s problems began at age 14(一个青少年多年来只吃薯条和其他垃圾食品，慢慢地失明了。孩子的问题始于14岁)”，第三段的“However, by age 15, he developed hearing loss and vision problems(然而，到15岁时，他出现了听力和视力问题)”和“When the boy was 17, an eye test showed that his vision was 20/200 in both eyes, the threshold (起始点) for being “legally blind” in the United States.(男孩17岁时，一项视力测试显示，他的双眼视力为20/200，这是美国“合法失明”的门槛)”以及倒数第二段的““The patient admitted that, since elementary school, the only things he ate had been fries, chips, white bread, processed ham slices and sausage,” the authors from the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom wrote in the report.(英国布里斯托尔大学的作者在报告中写道：“患者承认，从小学开始，他只吃薯条、薯条、白面包、加工火腿片和香肠。”)”可知，饮食习惯糟糕导致这个男孩的情况越来越差。故选B项。
30．词句猜测题。上文“In addition, the teen still had low levels of vitamin B12, along with low levels of selenium (硒) and vitamin D.(此外，这名青少年的维生素B12水平仍然很低，硒和维生素D水平也很低)”讲少年缺少维生素B12、维生素D和硒，结合指代关系可推知，“These deficiencies”即指代上文中男孩缺少维生素的情况。由此可知deficiencies意为“缺少，缺乏”，与shortages意思相近。 故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, by the time the teen was diagnosed, his vision loss was permanent. What’s more, wearing glasses would not help the teen’s vision, because damage to the optic nerve cannot be corrected with lenses, said the study lead author Dr. Denize Atan.(然而，当这名少年被确诊时，他的视力丧失是永久性的。此外，该研究的主要作者丹尼泽·阿坦博士说，戴眼镜对青少年的视力没有帮助，因为视神经的损伤不能用眼镜来矫正)”可知，男孩视神经损伤，戴眼镜已经没有用。由此推知，他没有必要戴眼镜。故选D项。

6.【江苏省四所名校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中联考英语试题】

When you try to blow out a lot of candles, you may not have enough air in your lungs to get them all. Here’s how to measure your lung capacity.
What you’ll need

•Plastic bottle, such as a camping water container (容器). that holds a little more than 2 liters(公升)of water. A 2-liter soft drink bottle may be large enough: try the experiment and see.
• Plastic tube 60 centimeters long.

·Large mixing bowl
·Rubber(橡胶) bands
·Ruler
·Helper
❶Fill the bowl about one-third full of water and fill the bottle to the top with water.
❷ Hold your hand over the top of the bottle, turn it upside down and put its top under the water in the bowl: your helper will hold the bottle in place.

❸ Attach the ruler to the bottle with rubber bands.
❹Put the tube in the neck of the bottle, take a deep breath. hold your nose and blow hard into the tube(管)as long as you can.
What happened?
How much water did you blow out?

Compare the amount of air you blew into the bottle to the amount of liquid the bottle can hold (2 liters, for example).
Do this test on different people and see who has the largest and smallest lungs.
SOURCE; TNS
1．What’s the purpose of the experiment?
A．To test the size of different people’s lungs.
B．To hold the air that you blow out at a time.
C．To know the amount of air your lungs can hold.
D．To measure how much water you can blow out once.
2．In this experiment what’s water in the bottle used to do?
A．To hold the air you blow out.
B．To show the size of the bottle.
C．To measure the air you blow out.
D．To display the process of the experiment.
3．Which of the following statements indicates the experimenter has a larger lung capacity?
A．The experimenter blows out air harder.
B．The experimenter takes a deeper breath.
C．Less water is left in the bowl after the experiment.
D．Less water is left in the bottle after the experiment.
【答案】1．C    2．C    3．D
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章是一个物理实验，主要描述了几种步骤以及实验用具和实验步骤，用来测量肺活量。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here’s how to measure your lung capacity.(以下是测量肺活量的方法。)”可知，实验主要的目的是测量肺活量。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据实验步骤1“Fill the bowl about one-third full of water and fill the bottle to the top with water.(在碗里装满三分之一的水，并将瓶子装满水。)”和步骤4“Put the tube in the neck of the bottle, take a deep breath. hold your nose and blow hard into the tube(管)as long as you can.(把管子放进瓶口，深吸一口气。捏住鼻子，使劲往管子里吹气，越长越好。)”和结论“Compare the amount of air you blew into the bottle to the amount of liquid the bottle can hold. (比较你吹进瓶子里的空气量和瓶子能装的液体量。)”可知，在实验瓶子里面装水，是为了使用吹气后液体量表示肺活量的多少。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据实验结论部分“Compare the amount of air you blew into the bottle to the amount of liquid the bottle can hold. (比较你吹进瓶子里的空气量和瓶子能装的液体量。)”可知，吹进瓶子里面空气量越多，瓶子里面剩余的液体量越少，也说明吹气的人肺活量越大。故选D项。

7.【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期试题】
What’s your favorite insect? It’s an odd question that many people may not be able to answer. But UA Honors College student Matt Velazquez certainly can. Ants have always fascinated him. He loves studying their behavior almost as much as he loves filmmaking.
Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity in ants. The film recently achieved first place at The Scientific Research Society competition.
Then Velazquez noticed that a colony (群) of ants called trap-jaw ants occasionally make mysterious buzzing sounds, which he set out to explore.
“It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez explained. “I wanted to find out the role of sound communication in a colony of trap-jaw ants. Would these ants help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals? Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony B, or would it only help ants from its own colony?”
Velazquez started by collecting a sample of the ants and analyzing sound bites to see how often the buzzing occurred.
He then color-coded ants from different colonies and buried the workers in different layers of dirt. The goal was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.
It turns out, Velazquez has discovered that these ants communicate at a frequency in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range, which is simnilar to bats. He is currently in the process of building a microphone sensitive enough to pick up these tiny insect calls and also be able to pick up the ultrasonic frequencies.
When asked what advice he has for incoming students who are unsure about getting involved in research, Velazquez recommended the Honors College First Year Project.
“It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research,” he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about yourself.”
24．What is the film made by Velazquez mainly about?
A．Different ant colonies.
B．Ants that help each other.
C．Ants that don’t do active tasks.
D．Sound communication between ants.
25．What did Velazquez intend to find out with the ants he collected?
A．How they worked with other ants.
B．What other ants they would help.
C．When they would help other ants.
D．How often they received sound signals.
26．Why did Velazquez color-code the ants?
A．To bury the workers in the dirt.
B．To see how far ants would travel.
C．To record interaction between colonies.
D．To identify ants from different colonies.
27．What does Velazquez say about a research project?
A．It contributes much to your studies.
B．It helps to recognize your potential ability.
C．You may learn a lot of new things from it.
D．You will have to spend a lot of time on it.
【答案】24．C    25．B    26．D    27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是昆虫爱好者Velazquez热衷于蚂蚁研究，并且完成了一部纪录片的拍摄，并开始探索一群被称为“陷阱颚蚁”发出的神秘的嗡嗡声，并指出参加“the Honors College First Year Project”这一项目能识别你自己在研究领域的潜能。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity in ants.(Velazquez已经完成了一部纪录片“懒蚂蚁”，记录了对蚂蚁不活动的研究。)”可知，这部纪录片讲述的是对这群蚂蚁的不活跃的行为进行的研究。故选C项。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez explained.(“在动物王国中，生物体帮助其他生物是非常罕见的，尤其是在昆虫中，”Velazquez解释说。)”可知，生物体帮助其它生物体是很难见的事情，所以Velazquez要一探究竟，根据下文中的一系列问题“Would these ants help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals? Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony B, or would it only help ants from its own colony?(这些蚂蚁会用声音信号帮助其他被困在泥土中的工蚁吗？来自蚁群A的蚂蚁会拯救来自蚁群B的一只蚂蚁，还是只会帮助来自自己蚁群的蚂蚁？”)”可知，Velazquez想要用它收集来的这些蚂蚁研究这些蚂蚁会帮助其他什么蚂蚁。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“The goal was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.(目标是看看噪音会传播多远，以及蚂蚁是否能理解来自不同蚁群的声音。)”可知，Velazquez为了判断声音传多远，需要给蚂蚁涂上颜色区别来自不同蚁群的蚂蚁，这样才能判断声音传送的距离。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research, " he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about yourself. ”(“这是一个很棒的方法，看看你是否喜欢这个研究领域，”他说。“绝对值得你花时间去发现一些关于自己的新东西。”)”可知，这项研究项目“the Honors College First Year Project”可以识别你是否喜欢研究这一领域，值得花时间去挖掘自己的潜能。故选B项。
8.【河北省衡水中学2022-2033学年高三上学期评估试题】
There may be a reason why astronauts are crazy about the view from space but never mention the food. Astronauts aboard the International Space Station must drink meals out of a plastic squeeze-bag because of zero gravity. Food in space can only be reheated instead of being cooked fresh. Besides, meals for each crew member must be stored in advance and eaten in order. All of this may sound a little difficult to accept.
Therefore, it was one small step for interstellar (星际的) cuisine when U. S. astronaut Megan McArthur recently posted photos of herself holding a pancakes gorged with beef, tomatoes and a fresh hatch chilli (红番椒) grown aboard the International Space Station itself.
“Best space pancakes yet,” she shared online.
Pesquet, a French astronaut, posted on Instagram, “It is such a joy to grow (and eat) your own food, and necessary for further exploration of our Solar System.” It seems there is a suitcase-sized space garden aboard the ISS (International Space Station) that holds about six “pillows” stuffed with clay and fertilizer, and a LED light. Astronauts have grown several kinds of vegetables including Chinese cabbage and red Russian kale (羽衣甘蓝) in this micro-plot, to test which plants might grow best during a long space voyage.
We called Melva Aguirre, who owns the Pepper Pot in Hatch, N. M., home of hatch chilli. She says the harvest of their famous local crop in outer space is the talk of the town. “Now the whole universe knows how great our chilli are,” she said. When I asked if she could recommend a hatch chilli recipe, Aguirre told me, “Just stuff it.” “Stuff it?” I asked, and she laughed and said, “I mean, in your mouth.” A recipe even I can follow.
12．What can know about astronauts’ eating food in the space station?
A．The food is inviting to the astronauts.
B．The food can be cooked in various ways.
C．The astronauts can’t have meals as they wish.
D．Astronauts don’t care about what they eat in the space station.
13．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “gorged” in Paragraph 2?
A．Subscribed. B．Filled.
C．awarded. D．Revealed.
14．Why do astronauts grow Chinese cabbage and other vegetables aboard the ISS?
A．To kill the spare minutes. B．To entertain themselves during the voyage.
C．To explore the universe. D．To test for the plants growing best.
15．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Challenges Astronauts Face in Space.
B．The Best Food Ever for Space Voyages.
C．Fine Dining on the International Space Station.
D．The Constant Steps of Human’s Space Exploration.
【答案】12．C    13．B    14．D    15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在空间站的饮食现状及研究新成果。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Food in space can only be reheated instead of being cooked fresh. Besides, meals for each crew member must be stored in advance and eaten in order. All of this may sound a little difficult to accept. (太空中的食物只能重新加热，不能新鲜烹饪。此外，每个船员的膳食必须提前储存，并按顺序食用。所有这些听起来可能有点难以接受)”可知，空间站的宇航员不能随心所欲吃他们想吃的食物，故选C。
13．词义猜测题。根据划线词句子“a pancakes gorged with beef, tomatoes and a fresh hatch chilli (红番椒) grown aboard the International Space Station itself.( 煎饼里gorged牛肉、西红柿和在国际空间站上种植的新鲜辣椒)”并结合常识，可猜测gorged意为“塞满”，即煎饼里塞满了牛肉、西红柿和辣椒。A. Subscribed签署；B. Filled填满；C. awarded奖励；D. Revealed透露，故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Astronauts have grown several kinds of vegetables including Chinese cabbage and red Russian kale (羽衣甘蓝) in this micro-plot, to test which plants might grow best during a long space voyage. (宇航员们已经在这个微型试验田中种植了包括大白菜和红色俄罗斯羽衣甘蓝在内的几种蔬菜，以测试哪种植物在漫长的太空航行中生长得最好)”可知，宇航员在国际空间站种植大白菜和其他蔬菜是为了测试哪种植物长得最好。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。 根据文章大意结合三个宇航员描述空间站的饮食““Best space pancakes yet,” she shared online.(“最好吃的太空煎饼，”她在网上分享道)，第四段的“It is such a joy to grow (and eat) your own food, and necessary for further exploration of our Solar System.(自己种植(并食用)食物是一种乐趣，这对进一步探索太阳系是必要的)”，最后一段的“She says the harvest of their famous local crop in outer space is the talk of the town. (她说，他们在外太空收获的当地著名作物是镇上的热门话题)”可知，文章介绍了宇航员在空间站的饮食现状及研究新成果。C选项“国际空间站上的美食”符合文章大意，可以做标题，故选C。

9.【广东省六校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第三次联考英语试题】
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap — but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to be spared from insects. The landscape is rendered (致使) less easily burnable. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35, 000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 — financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions (拍卖). That’s only a small share of the total land area that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds (分水岭) and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
8．What does the author imply in paragraph 1?
A．Global climate change may get out of control. B．People may misunderstand global warming.
C．Extreme weather conditions may arise. D．Forests may become a potential threat.
9．What does the California’s Forest Carbon Plan intend to do?
A．To expand the forest planting area.
B．To reduce the density of some of its forests.
C．To find more effective ways to kill insects.
D．To restore its forests quickly after wildfires.
10．What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 4?
A．To handle the areas in serious danger first. B．To carry it out before the year of 2020.
C．To perfect the emissions-permit auctions. D．To obtain enough financial support.
11．According to the author, California’s Plan is ________.
A．impractical B．worthless C．promising D．appealing
【答案】8．D    9．B    10．A    11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于人类，森林可能成为一个潜在的威胁，因此加州提出的森林碳计划旨在加倍努力，减少小树数量，清除部分森林的灌木丛。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.(森林给了我们阴凉、安静，也是应对气候变化的最艰难挑战之一。即使我们人类依靠森林吸收我们产生的大部分二氧化碳，我们也在威胁它们这样做的能力。我们正在加速的气候变化可能有一天会给我们留下排放比吸收更多碳的森林)”可推知，作者在第1段中暗示了森林可能成为一个潜在的威胁。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.(该州提出的森林碳计划旨在加倍努力，减少小树数量，清除部分森林的灌木丛)”可知，加州的森林碳计划打算减少一些森林的密度。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“That’s only a small share of the total land area that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.(这只是可以受益的土地总面积的一小部分，总共约50万英亩，因此优先考虑火灾或干旱风险最大的地区至关重要)”可知，加州计划的关键是优先处理严重危险地区。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.(直到最近，他们才认识到森林在储存碳方面所起的重要作用。加州的计划有望在明年由州长最终确定，应该成为一个样板)”可推知，作者认为，加州的计划是有希望的。故选C。

10.【福建省厦门第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月试题 】
It's good to share, right? Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new fashion trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?
What is oversharing? The term has become associated with social media, but it doesn't only belong to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have given away details about their personal life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in internet psychology, says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that we attract our own negative experiences the more we share them. It seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.
However, Dr Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more positive posts we share on a platform, the more socially attractive we become. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We are supposed not to show off, as it's now known—especially about our love lives. It makes sense—if your date is going 'that well', would you really have time to share a photo with text?
So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaint about your lack of money really are too much.
8．Why do some people try to overshare at parties?
A．Because they want to catch others' attention.
B．Because they just want to show off something.
C．Because they have a strong desire to pour out their emotions.
D．Because they may expect to make a connection with someone.
9．What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean?
A．explore B．expose C．display D．discuss
10．What can we know from the passage?
A．We will become more socially attractive if we post more on a platform.
B．We tend to show sympathy when things go wrong.
C．We may be considered negative when seeking for sympathy by oversharing.
D．We can show off something positive especially about our love lives.
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform. B．To inspire. C．To advertise. D．To condemn.

【答案】8．D    9．B    10．C    11．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今社交媒体上的“过度分享”现象，有人指出有些人在聚会上过度分享，是因为他们可能期望与某人建立联系。但是通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的。早在2015年，Gwendolyn Seidman博士就说过，我们应该避免在网上抱怨和消极，也不应该炫耀，尤其是我们的爱情生活。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone.(根据婚姻治疗师Carolyn Cole的说法，虽然我们中的一些人可能试图逃离这些人，但这种形式的过度分享可能来自与某人建立联系的强烈愿望)”可知，有些人在聚会上过度分享，是因为他们可能期望与某人建立联系。故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“the less sympathy we express when things go wrong”以及“It seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.”可知，通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的，所以人们暴露给他人的细节越多，越不容易得到同情。画线词意思为“暴露”。A. explore探索；B. expose暴露；C. display显示；D. discuss讨论。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.(通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的，而不是被认为是在求助)”可知，当我们通过过度分享来寻求同情时，可能会被认为是消极的。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“With new fashion trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?( 随着新时尚的不断流行，比如舞蹈挑战和穿枕头当裙子，问题是中：什么时候在社交媒体上分享会变成过度分享？)”结合文章主要说明了如今社交媒体上的“过度分享”现象，有人指出有些人在聚会上过度分享，是因为他们可能期望与某人建立联系。但是通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的。早在2015年，Gwendolyn Seidman博士就说过，我们应该避免在网上抱怨和消极，也不应该炫耀，尤其是我们的爱情生活。可推知，这篇文章的目的是告知有关“过度分享”的信息。故选A。