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2022-2023学年新疆乌鲁木齐市第八中学高二下学期第一次质量检测（开学摸底）英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年新疆乌鲁木齐市第八中学高二下学期第一次质量检测（开学摸底）英语试题含解析，共30页。
乌鲁木齐市第八中学2022-2023学年
第二学期高二年级英语第一次质量检测
(考试时间:120分钟 卷面分值:150分)
第I卷
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.
Registered Nurses
To become registered nurses, you’re going to need either an associate degree in nursing, a Bachelor of Science in nursing, or another officially approved diploma(文凭) from a nursing program. If you want to be a practicing physician, you’ll need a medical degree in your chosen field on top of your four-year degree.
Data Analysts
Big data is a growing field with profitable opportunities for college graduates. You are required to have a master’s degree in computer science or another related field. Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field.
Plumbers (管道工) and Electricians
Not all of the best careers for the future will require a four-year undergraduate degree. There’s a serious demand for skilled positions jobs like plumbers and technicians. Many of these positions require a high school degree and often an associate degree in a related field, but don’t necessarily require graduation from a four-year university.
Cybersecurity (网络安全) Experts
The average salaries for cybersecurity experts can start at $80, 000 for IT Security Consultants and can reach six figures for other positions such as a security director. The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or other related fields.
1. In which job will the gender distribution probably be more balanced?
A. Data Analysts. B. Registered Nurses.
C. Cybersecurity Experts. D. Plumbers and Electricians.
2. To be a cybersecurity expert, which is the basic requirement?
A. A master’s degree in computer science.
B. A certificate of high school graduation.
C. A bachelor’s degree in information technology.
D. A diploma officially approved from a medical program.
3. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A health lecture. B. A school website.
C. A job advertisement. D. A science magazine.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章为高中生介绍了四种职业规划。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field. (数据科学是一个传统上由男性主导的行业，女性仅占26%。值得庆幸的是，该公司向女性抛出了橄榄枝，有一些很棒的项目专门为她们设计，帮助她们进入这个充满活力的领域。)”可知，数据分析师这个行业的男女性别比例会更均衡一些。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or another related field.( 开始你的网络安全之路的最佳方式是获得计算机科学、信息技术、工程或其他相关领域的学士学位。)”可知，从事网络安全员的工作，需要专业是计算机科学、信息技术、工程学或相关领域的本科学历毕业生。C项正确。A、B和D分别意为“计算机科学专业硕士毕业生”、“高中毕业生”和“官方认证的某医疗项目文凭”，均不符合题意。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.(对于高中生来说，仅仅考虑自己的职业生涯可能是不够的。你必须积极地做一些调查和计划。以下是一些未来最好的职业，以及你如何进入这扇门。) ”可知，下文内容是讲给高中生的，目的是让高中生提前进行职业规划。所以推测此篇文本选自学校网站内容。故选B。
B
Look people in the eye. Smile. Shake hands. Sit up tall. Speak clearly and confidently. That’s the last- minute advice professor Paul Calhoun gives a handful of college students before they head off for a series of job interviews. The Skidmore College seniors he’s talking to are dressed in suits and shirts , or dresses and heels.
There isn’t an actual job on the other end of these interviews, just a satisfactory / unsatisfactory grade from a class called Presenting the Brand Called Me at this college in New York. Calhoun created the popular course 10 years ago. He’d spent more than three decades working in the banking industry, where he saw the importance of presentation skills :“A lot of it is acting .”
When he came to Skidmore as a business professor, he noticed a lot of students struggling with public speaking. He got theater professors to help him shape what eventually became this class , in order to give business majors the training analogous to what the theater department gives to actors .
Over the 13 weeks, there’s some role - playing with improv (即兴创作)--- “Talk for a minute about anything ----go !“ There are dance classes , and many guest speakers who talk about cover letters , resumes (简历) and personal branding . By the end of the course , students leave with a polished “ STAR ” story --- the short story about themselves and their abilities that’s designed to help land them a job . “ People don’t remember when you tell them you’re good at something,”Calhoun explains .“They remember when you tell them a story that proves you ‘ re good at something.” Dante Delemos is a junior business major. In his interviews , he tells a story about winning the election for class president . And it works . Delemos is spending the summer working part- time in finance .
In addition the class also created professional-sounding email addresses for students. Say goodbye to “Bubblegum123.”“ You can’t email your future boss with some really odd email name,”explains Tytianna McClenningham , a recent graduate. And they’re email manners , too .I didn’t even think it was important to use a subject in an email ,” McClenningham says .“But now I know .”
4. What is described in the first paragraph ?
A. An activity at a job fair .
B. A college entrance interview .
C. A scene in a college class .
D. A college graduation ceremony .
5. What does the underlined word ” analogous “ in paragraph 3 mean ?
A. Similar . B. Superior . C. Available . D. Important .
6. What does Calhoun say about telling stories in interviews ?
A. It can help interviewees relax .
B. It will impress interviewers .
C. It can meet the requirements of interviewers .
D. It will show interviewees’ communication skills .
7. How does McClenningham feel about the class ?
A. It is boring . B. It is practical .
C. It is too popular . D. It is too abstract .
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过保罗·卡尔霍恩教授在一些大学生去参加一系列工作面试之前给出的最后建议的课程，说明展示自己的重要性。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Look people in the eye. Smile. Shake hands. Sit up tall. Speak clearly and confidently. That’s the last- minute advice professor Paul Calhoun gives a handful of college students before they head off for a series of job interviews. The Skidmore College seniors he’s talking to are dressed in suits and shirts , or dresses and heels.”（看着别人的眼睛。笑一个。握个手。坐直了。清晰自信地说。这是保罗·卡尔霍恩教授在一些大学生去参加一系列工作面试之前给出的最后建议。与他交谈的斯基德莫尔学院高年级学生，要么穿西装衬衫，要么穿裙子和高跟鞋。）可知，这是保罗·卡尔霍恩教授在一些大学生去参加一系列工作面试之前给出的最后建议。因而可推知，这应该是发生在一个大学课堂上的场景。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前内容“When he came to Skidmore as a business professor, he noticed a lot of students struggling with public speaking. He got theater professors to help him shape what eventually became this class”（当他作为一名商学教授来到斯基德莫尔时，他注意到许多学生在公共演讲上遇到了困难。他得到了戏剧教授的帮助，最终形成了这门课）可推知，他这样做是为了给商科学生提供类似于戏剧系给演员的培训，因而划线词此处的含义为“类似的，相似的”之意，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中““People don’t remember when you tell them you’re good at something,”Calhoun explains .“They remember when you tell them a story that proves you ‘ re good at something.”（人们不会记得你告诉他们你擅长什么,”卡尔霍恩解释说。“当你给他们讲一个能证明你擅长某事的故事时，他们会记得。）可知，当你讲故事的时候，会给人们深刻的印象，选项B符合题意，故选B。
7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“explains Tytianna McClenningham , a recent graduate. And they’re email manners , too .I didn’t even think it was important to use a subject in an email ,” McClenningham says .“But now I know .””（刚毕业的 Tytianna McClenningham 解释道。它们也是电子邮件礼仪。我甚至认为在电子邮件中不使用主题是重要的,”麦克莱宁汉姆说。“但现在我知道了”）可知，McClenningham觉得这个课程很实用。故选B。
C
Over the course of 16 months, the family of 16 Asian elephants crop-destroyed, mud-bathed, and road-tripped 300 miles north to the provincial capital of Kunming. Along the way they became global celebrities --- and presented a conundrum for government officials. The elephants caused about a half million dollars worth of damage.
The simple answer would be to tranquilize (使镇定)the elephants and transport them back to the reserve.
But that would be risky for this group, especially the three little ones. Instead, officials took measures --- providing tons of corn and bananas, setting up road barriers, and making new pathways --- which ultimately involved tens of thousands of people at a cost equal to hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In a year torn by climate change, conflict, and COVID -19, some might argue that going to extremes to keep a family of elephants safe was wasteful. They might say the same about searching for an undiscovered species of frog or building new museums.
But conserving our natural and human heritage --- like efforts to cure disease and stop war --- is about doing good in the world. We need wildlife and ancient objects, just as we need health and peace. They’re our past, present, and future.
Conservation efforts have been bright spots in an otherwise dark year. That’s not to say the biodiversity crisis has passed. Plant and animal species are still disappearing at an alarming rate.
“I am scared about the state of nature because the threats are increasing ,” says Gladys Kalema -Zikusoka, founder of Conservation Through Public Health , but “I am hopeful because the extreme weather patterns we are experiencing and the shock of COVID -19 are leading to a heightened awareness about these risks and the need to do something about them .”
It’s still not clear why the elephants left their home, but one theory is that as elephant numbers in Yunnan Province have increased, the animals have needed to expand their territory.
That could be considered good news for this endangered species. But the story of the elephants demonstrates something else too: that the world we created and the world nature created are closely bound, for better or for worse.
8. What does the underlined part “a conundrum ” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. A tough problem. B. A terrible accident.
C. A difficult decision. D. A serious mistake.
9. What does the author say about keeping the elephants safe?
A. It’s a waste of time and money.
B. It’s significant for humankind.
C. It obviously goes to extremes.
D. It sets an example for the world.
10. Why does Gladys Kalema - Zikusoka voice hope?
A. Plant and animal species are growing.
B. Public awareness of key issues has increased.
C. Endangered animals face declining threats.
D. People are more experienced in handling risks.
11. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A. Mankind and nature face a shared future.
B. We should remember our past, present, and future.
C. Nature reflects who we are.
D. Mankind should give way to nature.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在过去的16个月的时间里，由16头亚洲象组成的大家庭从北部300英里的省会昆明出发，经历了庄稼被毁、泥浆浸泡和公路跋涉。一路走来，成为了全球名人。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Over the course of 16 months, the family of 16 Asian elephants crop-destroyed, mud-bathed, and road-tripped 300 miles north to the provincial capital of Kunming . Along the way they became global celebrities ”（在16个月的时间里，这个由16头亚洲象组成的大家庭从北部300英里的省会昆明出发，经历了庄稼被毁、泥浆浸泡和公路跋涉。一路走来，他们成为了全球名人）及“The elephants caused about a half million dollars worth of damage”（大象造成了大约50万美元的损失）可知，这群大象的北迁造成了大量的经济损失，可推断，划线词此处指这个情况对政府来说成为了很棘手的问题，需要尽快解决。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The simple answer would be to tranquilize (使镇定)the elephants and transport them back to the reserve .”（简单的解决办法就是给大象注射镇静剂然后把它们运回保护区。）第五段“conserving our natural and human heritage --- like efforts to cure disease and stop war --- is about doing good in the world . We need wildlife and ancient objects , just as we need health and peace . ”（保护我们的自然和人类遗产——就像努力治愈疾病和停止战争一样——是为了在世界上做好事。我们需要野生动物和古物，就像我们需要健康与和平。）可看出，保护大象的安全对人类而言是重要的，就像我们需要健康与和平。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“I am hopeful because the extreme weather patterns we are experiencing and the shock of COVID -19 are leading to a heightened awareness about these risks and the need to do something about them .”（我对此充满希望，因为我们正在经历的极端天气模式和新冠带来的冲击，正在提高人们对这些风险的认识，以及采取措施应对这些风险的必要性。）可知，在Gladys Kalema - Zikusoka看来，正是由于我们正在经历的极端天气模式和新冠带来的冲击，提高了人们对这些风险的认识。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But the story of the elephants demonstrates something else too: that the world we created and the world nature created are closely bound, for better or for worse .”（但是大象的故事也证明了一些其他的东西： 我们创造的世界和大自然创造的世界是紧密联系在一起的，无论是好是坏。）可知，这群大象的北迁的故事证明了我们人类世界和大自然创造的世界是紧密联系在一起的，即人类和自然面临着共同的未来。故选A。
D
An international team of researchers from Sweden and the UK have developed an innovative way of interpreting biological signals produced by our skin. Using data obtained from a Philips wrist-worn wearable sensor device that can also measure movement, the researchers’ system displays information in the form of colourful spiral graphics (螺旋图形) in real time on a smartphone, as well as a recording of data, for the wearer to interpret and reflect on.
The prototype (雏形) visualisation system, called ‘Affective Health’, was developed by experts in Human-Computer Interaction looking into how new and emerging computer technologies can be used to design engaging visualisations on smartphones.
A study group of 23 people were given the Affective Health prototype to use for a month. Importantly, the researchers purposely did not tell the participants what the devices were useful for. Instead, they gave guidelines that Affective Health could collect information relating to both physical and emotional reactions, how increased sweating increased the conductivity, and how this was represented by different colours. The participants were left to decide the best ways of using the technology.
The researchers found that this open design stage of the study led to some participants using the system as a tool to measure and help manage their stress levels. While others, including outstanding athletes, used the device to get information on their training and recovery programmes. Other uses included logging information on their lives and tracking emotions. But interestingly, few would use the technology for more than one purpose.
Although the open design phase helped reveal several different practices Affective Health prototypes could be used for, the prototype lacked some of the functions needed to make it a good tool for a specific role—such as a sports training system, or as a stress management tool. The researchers found the need for a second, more tailored step in the design process to make devices specific to particular roles.
12. What were the participants unaware of about the prototype?
A. Its function as a measuring tool.
B. Its reactions to physical activity.
C. Its colourful spiral graphics.
D. Its specified uses.
13. What interested the researchers?
A. People used the device quite differently.
B. Few used the device to help better themselves.
C. Many considered the device a single-purpose tool.
D. Many purposely avoided the device’s certain functions.
14. What can be learned about Affective Health?
A. It has a rising market share.
B. It causes trouble for users.
C. It lacks competitiveness.
D. It needs improvement.
15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Sweat, a Mood Detector?
B. Time to Reflect on Ourselves?
C. Colourful Sensors Gain Popularity
D. Technologies Interpret Biodata from the Skin
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个名为“Affective Health原型机”的新发明，可以解读我们皮肤产生的生物信号，可以用来观测我们的情绪变化。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A study group of 23 people were given the Affective Health prototype to use for a month. Importantly, the researchers purposely did not tell the participants what the devices were useful for.”（一个由23人组成的研究小组使用了一个月的Affective Health原型机。重要的是，研究人员故意不告诉参与者这些设备的用途。）可知，研究人员没告诉参与者Affective Health原型机的用途，由此可知，参与者不知道原型机的具体用途。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“But interestingly, few would use the technology for more than one purpose.”（但有趣的是，很少有人会将该技术用于多个目的。）可知，研究人员发现，有趣的是，很少有人会将该技术用于多个目的，由此可知，研究人员感兴趣的是许多人认为该装置是一种单一用途的工具。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the open design phase helped reveal several different practices Affective Health prototypes could be used for, the prototype lacked some of the functions needed to make it a good tool for a specific role—such as a sports training system, or as a stress management tool. The researchers found the need for a second, more tailored step in the design process to make devices specific to particular roles.”（尽管开放设计阶段帮助揭示了Affective Health原型机可用于的几种不同实践，但该原型机缺乏某些功能，无法使其成为特定角色的良好工具，如运动训练系统或压力管理工具。研究人员发现，在设计过程中需要第二个更为定制的步骤，以使设备针对于特定角色。）可知，Affective Health原型机缺乏某些功能，无法成为特定角色的良好工具，需要进一步改进，以使设备针对于特定角色，由此可知，Affective Health原型机需要改进。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“An international team of researchers from Sweden and the UK have developed an innovative way of interpreting biological signals produced by our skin.”（来自瑞典和英国一个国际研究团队开发了一种解释我们皮肤产生的生物信号的创新方法。）可知，本文主要介绍了一个名为“Affective Health原型机”的新发明，可以解读我们皮肤产生的生物信号，可以用来观测我们的情绪变化，“Technologies Interpret Biodata from the Skin”意为“技术从皮肤解读生物数据”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题 2分，满分 10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had a chat with Siri? Do you ask Google to play your favorite song? Have you ever had Alexa order a pizza for dinner? _____16_____
Voice assistants are programs on digital devices that listen and respond to verbal (口头的) commands. Users can say, "What's the weather like?" and the voice assistant will answer with the weather report for that day and location. They could say, "Tell me a story," and the assistant will jump into a tale. But how do voice assistants understand us? A complex system of codes? An actual person listening on the other end? _____17_____
It all starts with a signal word. Have you ever called a friend's name to get their attention? Users say the names of their voice assistants for the same reason. They might say. "Hey Siri!" or simply, "Alexa!" _____18_____ It signals to the voice assistant that it should begin paying attention.
After the voice assistant hears its signal word, it starts recording. The device waits for a pause to know you've finished your request. It then sends your recorded request over the Internet to its database. Once in the database, your request is compared to other requests. _____19_____ The database then sends these commands back to the voice assistant. Once it receives the commands, the voice assistant knows what to do next.
Voice assistants are improving all the time. Have you ever asked a voice assistant for something and received results you didn't expect? _____20_____ That teaches the device that the command it received from its database was wrong. It communicates that with the database and tries to do better next time.
A. The battle for voice assistant market share is fierce.
B. Whatever the signal word is, it wakes up the device.
C. The answer is less complicated than you might think.
D. Voice assistants are inside smart speakers in our homes.
E. Each time this happens, the voice assistant learns from its mistake.
F. Today's voice assistants can help you out with just about anything.
G. It's split into separate commands your voice assistant can understand.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语音助手的工作原理。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Have you ever had a chat with Siri? Do you ask Google to play your favorite song? Have you ever had Alexa order a pizza for dinner? (你跟Siri聊过吗?你让谷歌播放你最喜欢的歌曲吗?你有没有让Alexa点披萨当晚餐?)”可知，语音助理可以帮助做很多事情，正好引出下文的内容。下文说语音助理是如何帮助我们做事情的。所以选择项F“Today's voice assistants can help you out with just about anything.(今天的语音助手几乎可以帮助你解决任何问题。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
17题详解】
根据上文“But how do voice assistants understand us? A complex system of codes? An actual person listening on the other end? (但是语音助手是如何理解我们的呢?一套复杂的密码系统?一个真实的人在电话那头听吗?)”可知，下面是对这一系列问题的回答。所以选择项C“The answer is less complicated than you might think. (答案并没有你想象的那么复杂。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据本段首句“It all starts with a signal word.( 这一切都始于一个信号词。)”和整个段落可知，本段都在说信号。所以选择项B“Whatever the signal word is, it wakes up the device. (不管信号字是什么，它都会唤醒设备。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“signal word”与首句中的“signal word”相一致。故选B。
【19题详解】
本段主要是描述语音助理是如何处理命令的。根据后句“The database then sends these commands back to the voice assistant.(然后数据库将这些命令发送回语音助手。)”可知，命令被拆分，从而使语音助理能够理解。所以选择项G“It's split into separate commands your voice assistant can understand. (它被分成你的语音助手可以理解的不同命令。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“commands”与后句中的“commands”相一致。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文“That teaches the device that the command it received from its database was wrong. It communicates that with the database and tries to do better next time. (这会告诉设备，它从数据库接收到的命令是错误的。它与数据库进行沟通，并试图在下一次做得更好。)”可知，这里主要讲语音助理是如何改正错误的。所以选择项E“Each time this happens, the voice assistant learns from its mistake. (每次发生这种情况，语音助手都会从错误中吸取教训。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“its mistake”与后句文的“its database was wrong”相一致。故选E。
第二部分英语知识运用(共三节，满分 75分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分 30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。
I grew up in a poor family with a group of adopted kids, my father and a wonderful mother. We had little money, but plenty of _____21_____ and attention. I was happy and energetic. I understood that no matter how poor a person was, he could still _____22_____ a dream.
My dream was athletics. When I was sixteen, I could throw a ninety-mile-per-hour baseball and hit anything moving on the field. I was also _____23_____ to have Ollie Jarvis as my high-school coach, who not only _____24_____ me but taught me how to be confident. One particular incident with Jarvis _____25_____ my life forever.
It was the summer holiday in senior two and a friend _____26_____ me for a summer job. This meant a _____27_____ for money in my pocket, and the start of _____28_____ for a house for my mother. The summer job was _____29_____ , and I wanted to jump at the opportunity.
Then I realized I would have to _____30_____ summer baseball training to handle the work schedule. I was _____31_____ about telling my coach, and I pressed myself with the _____32_____ on the dilemma from the mother, “If you make your bed, you have to lie in it.”
When I told Jarvis, he was as mad as expected. “You have your whole life to work,” he said, you’re your playing days are _____33_____. You can’t afford to waste them. ”
I stood with my head hanging, trying to explain why my _____34_____ of buying mom a house and having money _____35_____ his disappointment in me. He asked me about the money I would make at the job. _____36_____ , he said, “Is $3. 25 an hour the price of a dream?”
That question made me _____37_____ the difference between wanting something _____38_____ and having a long-term goal. I _____39_____ myself to baseball training, and within the year I was offered a $20,000 contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates. I _____40_____ it since I already had a baseball scholarship to the University of Arizona. I signed with the Boston Red Sox in 1984 for $1. 7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream.
21. A. mercy B. influence C. love D. reward
22. A. share B. interpret C. appreciate D. afford
23. A. lucky B. ambitious C. admirable D. impressive
24. A. concentrated on B. consulted with C. approved of D. believed in
25. A. disturbed B. satisfied C. transformed D. challenged
26. A. recommended B. blamed C. supported D. acknowledged
27. A. schedule B. chance C. decision D. desire
28. A. arrangements B. searches C. savings D. choices
29. A. inspiring B. convincing C. demanding D. appealing
30. A. accompany B. abandon C. adjust D. accomplish
31. A. certain B. anxious C. content D. angry
32. A. intention B. principle C. expectation D. advice
33. A. appropriate B. special C. limited D. permanent
34. A. dream B. imagination C. faith D. pressure
35. A. deserved B. reflected C. avoided D. confirmed
36. A. Delightedly B. Hurriedly C. Seriously D. Casually
37. A. seek B. overlook C. stress D. realize
38. A. right now B. so far C. on occasion D. in future
39. A. submitted B. committed C. adapted D. reduced
40. A. considered B. received C. advocated D. declined
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在教练奥利·贾维斯的鼓励和引导下，坚持自己运动员的梦想，坚持训练棒球，并最终取得成功，改变自己人生的故事。
【详解】1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们没什么钱，但有很多爱和关注。A. mercy同情；B. influence影响；C.love爱；D. reward奖励。根据下句“I was happy and energetic.(我很开心，精力充沛)”可知，作者得到了父母的很多关爱。故选C项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白，不管一个人多穷，他还是能承担得起一个梦。A. share 分享；B. interpret 解释; C. appreciate感激，欣赏；D.afford 负担得起 。根据下句“My dream was athletics.(我的梦想是运动员。)”可知，此处想表达的是，无论一个人多么贫穷，他仍然可以“担负得起”一个梦想。故选D项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我十六岁的时候，我能以每小时九十英里的速度投出棒球，并能击中任何在球场上移动的东西。我也很幸运有奥利·贾维斯作为我的高中教练。A.lucky 幸运的；B.ambitious 有野心的；C.admirable崇拜的；D. impressive印象深刻的。结合下文“who not only 4 me but taught me how to be confident.(他不仅认可我，而且教会我如何自信。)”可推断，此处作者觉得有奥利·贾维斯这样的教练，感到很“幸运”。故选A项。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不仅认可我，而且教会我如何自信。A. concentrated on集中注意力于；B. consulted with 咨询；C. approved of认可，赞同；D.believed in相信。结合句意可知，此处意为教练奥利·贾维斯“认可”作者的梦想。故选D项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次和贾维斯相关的特殊事件永远改变了我的人生。A.disturbed干扰；B.satisfied 满意；C.transformed转变，改变；D.challenged挑战。结合文章最后一句“I signed with the Boston Red Sox in 1984 for $1. 7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream.(我在1984年以170万美元的价格与波士顿红袜队签约，为我母亲买下了我梦寐以求的房子。)”可知，这次和贾维斯相关的特殊事件“改变”了作者的一生。故选C项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是高二的暑假，一个朋友推荐我做暑期工。A. recommended 推荐；B. blamed 指责；C. supported 支持；D. acknowledged承认。结合句意可知，此处意为“推荐”。故选A项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着我口袋里有钱的机会，也意味着我开始攒钱为我母亲买房子。A. schedule 时间表；B. chance机会；C.decision决定；D. desire 渴望。结合句意可知，此处意为口袋里有钱的“机会”。且下文的“ I wanted to jump at the opportunity.”也提示。故选B项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着我有口袋里有钱的机会，也意味着我开始攒钱为我母亲买房子。A.arrangements 安排；B.searches搜索；C.savings节省；攒钱；D. choices 选择。根据上文的“I grew up in a poor family with a group of adopted kids”可知，作者家里比较困难，所以需要“攒钱”买房。故选C项。
9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暑期工作很吸引人，我想抓住这个机会。A. inspiring 鼓舞人心的；B. convincing 令人信服的；C.demanding 苛求的；D. appealing有吸引力的。结合下句“I wanted to jump at the opportunity.(我想抓住这个机会。)”可知，作者认为这个暑期工作是“有吸引力”。故选D项。
10.考查动词义辨析。句意：后来我意识到，为了应付工作日程，我不得不放弃夏季棒球训练。A. accompany陪伴；B. abandon 放弃；C. adjust 调整；D. accomplish完成。结合句意可知，此处意为“放弃”夏季棒球培训，以便于有时间去做暑假工。故选B项。
11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我焦虑的告诉我的教练。A. certain 确定的；B. anxious 焦虑的；C. content满足的；D. angry生气的。结合下文“When I told Jarvis, he was as mad as expected.(当我告诉贾维斯时，他和我想象的一样愤怒。)”可推断，作者预感到如果告诉教练自己因为要去做暑期工而放弃暑假棒球培训的事，教练会很愤怒，所以感到“焦虑的”。故选B项。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我向自己提出了来自母亲的关于这个两难问题的建议。A.intention打算；B.principle原则；C. expectation 期盼；D. advice建议。结合下文“If you make your bed, you have to lie in it. (“如果你整理好了床铺，你就得躺在床上”。)”可知，此处指的是来自于母亲的“建议”。故选D项。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的训练时间有限。A.appropriate恰当的；B. special特殊的；C.limited 有限的；D.permanent永久的。结合上文“When I told Jarvis, he was as mad as expected. ‘You have your whole life to work,’ he said,(当我告诉贾维斯时，他和我想象的一样愤怒。“你有一生的时间去工作，”他说)”，以及下文“You can’t afford to waste them.(你不能浪费它们)”可知，教练贾维斯认为作者可以训练的时间是“有限的”。故选C项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我低着头站着，试图解释为什么我给妈妈买房子以及有钱的梦想值得他对我失望。A.dream 梦想；B.imagination想象；C. faith信念；D.pressure压力。结合文章最后一句话“and bought my mother the house of my dream. (我给妈妈买到了我梦想中的房子。)”可知，给妈妈买房子是作者的“梦想”。故选A项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我低着头站着，试图解释为什么我给妈妈买房子以及有钱的梦想值得他对我失望。A.deserved值得；B. reflected反思；C. avoided避免；D. confirmed确认，证实。结合句意可知，此处是指作者知道自己的想法让教练生气是理所当然的，即“值得”。故选A项。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他问我这工作能挣多少钱，然后严肃地问我：“每小时3.25美元，这是梦想的代价吗?”A.Delightedly高兴地；B.Hurriedly匆忙地；C.Seriously严肃地；D. Casually随意地。根据下文“Is $3. 25 an hour the price of a dream?”可知，教练反对作者去打暑假工，故教练会“严肃地”问作者这个问题。故选C项。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题使我意识到，现在想要什么和有一个长期目标是不同的。A. seek寻求；B. overlook忽略；C. stress强调；D. realize意识到。结合下文“the difference between wanting something 18 and having a long-term goal.(现在想要什么和有一个长期目标是不同的。)”可知，此处意为作者“意识到”后面的道理。故选D项。
18. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个问题使我意识到，现在想要什么和有一个长期目标是不同的。A. right now现在；B. so far到目前为主；C. on occasion偶尔；D. in future未来。结合句意及下文“having a long-term goal(拥有一个长期目标)”可知，此处意为“现在的”目标，和长期的目标构成对比。故选A项。
19. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我致力于棒球训练，不到一年，我就得到了一份与匹兹堡海盗队的价值2万美元的合同。这里考查动词和介词to的搭配。A. submitted to向……提交；B. committed to致力于；C. adapted to 适应；D. reduced to减少到。结合下文“and within the year I was offered a $20,000 contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates.(不到一年，我就得到了与匹兹堡海盗队2万美元的签约机会。)”可推断，正是由于作者“致力于”棒球训练，棒球打的很出色，所以才在不到一年的时间里得到了这个签约机会。故选B项。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拒绝了，因为我已经拿到亚利桑那大学的棒球奖学金了。A.considered 考虑；B.received收到；C.advocated 提倡；D.declined减少，婉拒。结合下文“since I already had a baseball scholarship to the University of Arizona。(因为我已经拿到亚利桑那大学的棒球奖学金了。)”可知，作者得到了更好的机会，所以“拒绝”了匹兹堡海盗队的签约。故选D项。
第二节单词拼写(共 15小题;每小题 2分，满分30分)
41. I got quite f_______ (懊恼的) because my microscope which was very expensive broke down.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】frustrated##rustrated
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我非常沮丧，因为我的非常昂贵的显微镜坏了。结合句中汉语及首字母提示，可知此处用形容词frustrated，作表语，故填frustrated。
42. He just now _______ (投射) an annoyed look at me，with his hands trembling. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cast
【解析】
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：他刚才生气地看了我一眼，手在发抖。空处在句中为谓语，结合汉语提示可知，此处用动词cast，结合空前just now，所以时态用一般过去时。故填cast。
43. After a long research, the scientists found that some ideas were slightly __________(自相矛盾的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：经过长时间的研究，科学家们发现有些想法有点矛盾。根据汉语提示可知，contradictory自相矛盾的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填contradictory。
44. He said he had not discussed the matter with her. F_______ (此外), he had not even contacted her. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】Furthermore##urthermore
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他说他还没有和她讨论过这件事。此外，他甚至没有联系过她。根据汉语提示“此外”和首字母“F”可知，应填furthermore，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Furthermore。
45. Every year he s_______ to China Daily in order to improve my English. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】subscribes##ubscribes
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了提高我的英语水平，他每年都订阅《中国日报》。根据首字母提示及句意可知，空处用“订阅”含义，短语：subscribe to订阅。根据句中时间状语Every year 可知，用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填subscribes。
46. After o_________ some difficulties during his final few years in the US Qian returned to China in 1955. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】overcoming##vercoming
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国的最后几年里，钱学森克服了一些困难，于1955年回到中国。介词after后接动名词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填overcoming。
47. The government must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the people and take forceful measures to solve the problems in order to live up to the e_______ of the people. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】expectations##xpectations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府必须保持对人民的强烈责任感，采取有力措施解决问题，以不辜负人民的期望。根据单词首字母以及句意“期望”可知，空格处涉及单词“expectation”，意为“期望”，为可数名词，句中指一类事物，故应用“expectation”的复数形式“expectations”，作宾语。故填expectations。
48. Encouraged by the teacher, they actively p_______ in the English speech contest held last Sunday. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】participated##articipated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在老师的鼓励下，他们积极参加了上周日举行的英语演讲比赛。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处需用动词participate“参加”作谓语，根据时间状语last Sunday可知，该句用一般过去时。故填participated。
49. The driving test will __________ (使具备资格) you to drive. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】qualify
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：驾照考试将让你有资格开车。根据句意和汉语提示，qualify“使具备资格”作谓语，空格前有will，后面用动词原形，故填qualify。
【点睛】
50. I had some difficulty at first ________(回想) why we were there. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】recalling
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和动名词。句意：起初，我很难回忆起我们为什么在那里。表示“回想”应用动词recall。have difficulty (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用动名词作宾语。故填recalling。
51. Hence, it is of vital importance to gain a deep i_______into its history and culture. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】insight##nsight
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，深入了解它的历史和文化是至关重要的。结合句意及首字母提示可知，此处应用名词“洞察力”insight，短语：insight into sth.“深刻了解……”，故填insight。
52. A f_______ (基本的)change in the organization of health services was required. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】fundamental##undamental
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：需要对卫生服务的组织进行根本性的改革。根据汉语提示及首字母可知，空处用形容词fundamental“基本的”，作定语修饰名词change，故填fundamental。
53. What’s your comment on the hygiene(卫生)of the food and_______ (食堂)surroundings? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】canteen
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你对食品和餐厅环境的卫生有何评论？根据汉语提示及空处在的位置可知，空处用名词canteen，作宾语，故填canteen。
54. He o_______ his success more to luck than to ability. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】owes##owed##wes##wed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他把成功归功于运气而不是能力。根据单词首字母以及句意“归功于”可知，空格处涉及单词“owe”，意为“归功于”，动词词性，当句子强调客观事实时，为一般现在时，句子主语为“He”，空格处应用“owe”的三单形式“owes”，但句子强调动作发生在过去时，为一般过去时，空格处应用“owe”的过去式“owed”。故填owes/owed。
55. An opportunity has a_______ (出现). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】arisen##risen
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：机会已经出现了。结合汉语提示，空处填动词arise，根据空前has可知，本句的时态为现在完成时，所以空处填过去分词arsien，故填arisen。
第三节语法填空(共 10小题;每小题 1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。
Christine Figgener could never have predicted that ___56___ eight-minute video would change the course of her career. But in August 2015, the 34-year-old marine(海洋的)conservation biologist discovered a sea turtle in Costa Rica with a plastic straw(吸管)___57___ (stick) in its nose .Shocked and angry at the extreme ___58___ ( comfort ) to the creature , Figgener filmed her research crew removing the straw ___59___ the turtle’ s nose , blood coming from it .
The heart-breaking video has been viewed more than 32 million___60___ (time) on YouTube. “ I thought I can really show what kind of harm one object can do ,” Figgener says .
Americans alone use as many as 390 million plastic straws a day---just a small proportion (比例) of the 8 million metric tons of plastic___61___ ends up in the ocean annually . Though Figgener’s video was filmed in 2015, it continues to make waves. In July it___62___ (credit) with helping encourage major companies like Starbucks and American Airlines to stop ___63___ (use) plastic straws . “We can all do something,” Figgener says.
Figgener also spends her time visiting schools___64___ (educate) younger generations about the ocean, ___65___ (sincere) hoping to show children that they can be a scientist too , no matter who they are.
【答案】56. an 57. stuck
58. discomfort
59. from 60. times
61. which 62. was credited
63. using 64. to educate
65. sincerely
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了海洋保护生物学家菲格纳的一段8分钟的视频对她的职业生涯的影响。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：克里斯汀•菲格纳(Christine Figgener)永远无法预料到，一段8分钟视频会改变她的职业生涯。video“视频”为可数名词，这里使用了单数，结合空后eight-minute，其首个因素为元音，所以空处用不定冠词an，故填an。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：但在2015年8月，这位34岁的海洋保护生物学家在哥斯达黎加发现了一只鼻子里插着塑料吸管的海龟。分析句意可知，这里使用了with的复合结构“with+ 宾语+补语”，straw（吸管）与动词stick（插入，刺入）为动宾关系，表示“吸管被刺入海龟的鼻子”，所以空处用过去分词stuck，故填stuck。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：菲格纳对海龟的极度不适感到震惊和愤怒，她拍摄了她的研究小组从海龟的鼻子里取出吸管，血从鼻子里流出来的过程。空前extreme为形容词，所以此处用名词，结合前文“discovered a sea turtle in Costa Rica with a plastic straw(吸管) ________(stick) in its nose”可知，发现了一只鼻子里插着塑料吸管的海龟，这种情景让她感到不适，所以用discomfort，故填discomfort。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。短语：remove sth. from sth.“从……移除……”，故填from。
【60题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这段令人心碎的视频在 YouTube 上被观看了超过3200万次。time“次数”为可数名词，结合空前“ more than 32 million”，所以此处用复数。故填times。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：仅美国人一个人每天就使用多达3.9亿根塑料吸管——这只是每年800万公吨最终流入海洋的塑料中的一小部分。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为plastic，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，故填which。
【62题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：今年7月，该视频被认为帮助鼓励了星巴克(Starbucks)和美国航空(American Airlines)等大公司停止使用塑料吸管。空处在句中为谓语，结合“In July”可知，时态用一般过去时；it为代词，指代前文“Figgener’s video”，与动词credit为动宾关系，故填was credited，故填credited。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语。句意同上。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，所以空处用动名词using，故填using。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：费格纳还花时间访问学校，教育年轻一代有关海洋的知识，真诚地希望向孩子们表明，不管他们是谁，他们也可以成为一名科学家。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为目的状语，表示菲格纳花时间访问学校的目的，所以用不定式to educate，故填to educate。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。副词修饰动词，空后hope为动词，所以此处用副词sincerely，故填sincerely。
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
66. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Our school held a show called “Us After Ten Years ”, when the speakers presented their future careers. I chose to be the diplomat (外交官). I’d like to present myself as a true spokes-person, either gentle like Wang Wenbin nor sharp like Zhao Lijian. Waiting my turn, I paced backstage with my heart beating wildly. Then comes my turn. I took a deep breath and walked onto the stage, waved to the audience. The bright lights and screams were surrounded me tightly. Fortunate, everything went smoothly. The heavy burden changed into a sense of pride. I’ m proud of me and Chinese diplomats, who meet challenge every day but manage to keep showing Chinese wisdom.
【答案】1.when→where
2.the→a
3.nor→or
4.Waiting后加for
5.comes→came
6.waved→waving
7.删除were
8.Fortunate→Fortunately
9.me→myself
10.challenge→challenges
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者学校举办了一个名为“十年后的我们”的节目，演讲者介绍了他们未来的职业。作者选择做外交官。演讲使作者为自己和中国的外交官们感到骄傲，他们每天都在迎接挑战，但仍然努力展示中国的智慧。
【详解】1.考查定语从句。句意：我们学校举办了一个名为“十年后的我们”的节目，演讲者介绍了他们未来的职业。先行词是show，在定语从句中做地点状语，用where引导非限制性定语从句。故when改为where。
2.考查冠词。句意：我选择做外交官。可数名词第一次出现，前面用不定冠词。故the改为a。
3.考查连词。句意：我想做一个真正的代言人，既不像王文斌那样温柔，也不像赵立坚那样尖锐。either...or表示“或者……或者”。故nor改为or。
4.考查介词。句意：等轮到我的时候，我在后台踱来踱去，心怦怦直跳。“等待”是固定短语wait for。故Waiting后加for。
5.考查动词时态。句意：然后轮到我了。 根据took可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时。故comes改为came。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：然后轮到我了。我深吸了一口气，走上舞台，向观众挥手致意。挥手是非谓语动词，逻辑主语和wave是主动关系，用现在分词，做状语。故waved改为waving。
7.考查动词时态语态。句意：明亮的灯光和尖叫声紧紧地包围着我。灯光、尖叫声和包围是主动关系，去掉be动词，故删除were。
8.考查副词。句意：幸运的是，一切顺利。副词修饰一句话，作状语。故Fortunate改为Fortunately。
9.考查代词。句意：我为我和中国的外交官们感到骄傲，他们每天都在迎接挑战，但仍然努力展示中国的智慧。前后指代同一人用反身代词。故me改为myself。
10.考查名词。句意：我为我和中国的外交官们感到骄傲，他们每天都在迎接挑战，但仍然努力展示中国的智慧。挑战是可数名词，外交官们每天遇到各种挑战，用名词复数。故challenge改为challenges。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
67. 你校英文报正在征稿。请你结合下面的名人名言（famous quote），写一篇题为“My Understanding of Failure”的征文。
A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.
—J. Burroughs
内容包括：
1. 你对该名言的理解；
2. 生活中的例子；
3. 你的感悟。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My Understanding of Failure
This famous quote from J. Burroughs conveys that when faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others, which is more important than failure itself.
When entering high school, many classmates found it really difficult to learn maths and did poorly in exams. They blamed it on the teacher rather than themselves, which resulted in even poorer performance. I was no exception. However, when I realized complaining made no sense, I adjusted my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever I encountered difficult problems. Gradually, I began to make progress, which in turn boosted my confidence in maths.
The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文，要求考生结合名人名言“A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.”，写一篇题为“My Understanding of Failure”的征文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
①面对：face→be faced with
②导致：cause→result in
③重要的：important→vital
④提升、促进：boost →promote
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
拓展句：What I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
【点睛】[高分句型1] This famous quote from J. Burroughs conveys that when faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others, which is more important than failure itself. (运用了that引导的宾语从句及which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed. (运用了that引导的表语从句及部分倒装)
乌鲁木齐市第八中学2022-2023学年
第二学期高二年级英语第一次质量检测
(考试时间:120分钟 卷面分值:150分)
第I卷
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.
Registered Nurses
To become registered nurses, you’re going to need either an associate degree in nursing, a Bachelor of Science in nursing, or another officially approved diploma(文凭) from a nursing program. If you want to be a practicing physician, you’ll need a medical degree in your chosen field on top of your four-year degree.
Data Analysts
Big data is a growing field with profitable opportunities for college graduates. You are required to have a master’s degree in computer science or another related field. Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field.
Plumbers (管道工) and Electricians
Not all of the best careers for the future will require a four-year undergraduate degree. There’s a serious demand for skilled positions jobs like plumbers and technicians. Many of these positions require a high school degree and often an associate degree in a related field, but don’t necessarily require graduation from a four-year university.
Cybersecurity (网络安全) Experts
The average salaries for cybersecurity experts can start at $80, 000 for IT Security Consultants and can reach six figures for other positions such as a security director. The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or other related fields.
1. In which job will the gender distribution probably be more balanced?
A. Data Analysts. B. Registered Nurses.
C. Cybersecurity Experts. D. Plumbers and Electricians.
2. To be a cybersecurity expert, which is the basic requirement?
A. A master’s degree in computer science.
B. A certificate of high school graduation.
C. A bachelor’s degree in information technology.
D. A diploma officially approved from a medical program.
3. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A health lecture. B. A school website.
C. A job advertisement. D. A science magazine.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章为高中生介绍了四种职业规划。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field. (数据科学是一个传统上由男性主导的行业，女性仅占26%。值得庆幸的是，该公司向女性抛出了橄榄枝，有一些很棒的项目专门为她们设计，帮助她们进入这个充满活力的领域。)”可知，数据分析师这个行业的男女性别比例会更均衡一些。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or another related field.( 开始你的网络安全之路的最佳方式是获得计算机科学、信息技术、工程或其他相关领域的学士学位。)”可知，从事网络安全员的工作，需要专业是计算机科学、信息技术、工程学或相关领域的本科学历毕业生。C项正确。A、B和D分别意为“计算机科学专业硕士毕业生”、“高中毕业生”和“官方认证的某医疗项目文凭”，均不符合题意。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.(对于高中生来说，仅仅考虑自己的职业生涯可能是不够的。你必须积极地做一些调查和计划。以下是一些未来最好的职业，以及你如何进入这扇门。) ”可知，下文内容是讲给高中生的，目的是让高中生提前进行职业规划。所以推测此篇文本选自学校网站内容。故选B。
B
Look people in the eye. Smile. Shake hands. Sit up tall. Speak clearly and confidently. That’s the last- minute advice professor Paul Calhoun gives a handful of college students before they head off for a series of job interviews. The Skidmore College seniors he’s talking to are dressed in suits and shirts , or dresses and heels.
There isn’t an actual job on the other end of these interviews, just a satisfactory / unsatisfactory grade from a class called Presenting the Brand Called Me at this college in New York. Calhoun created the popular course 10 years ago. He’d spent more than three decades working in the banking industry, where he saw the importance of presentation skills :“A lot of it is acting .”
When he came to Skidmore as a business professor, he noticed a lot of students struggling with public speaking. He got theater professors to help him shape what eventually became this class , in order to give business majors the training analogous to what the theater department gives to actors .
Over the 13 weeks, there’s some role - playing with improv (即兴创作)--- “Talk for a minute about anything ----go !“ There are dance classes , and many guest speakers who talk about cover letters , resumes (简历) and personal branding . By the end of the course , students leave with a polished “ STAR ” story --- the short story about themselves and their abilities that’s designed to help land them a job . “ People don’t remember when you tell them you’re good at something,”Calhoun explains .“They remember when you tell them a story that proves you ‘ re good at something.” Dante Delemos is a junior business major. In his interviews , he tells a story about winning the election for class president . And it works . Delemos is spending the summer working part- time in finance .
In addition the class also created professional-sounding email addresses for students. Say goodbye to “Bubblegum123.”“ You can’t email your future boss with some really odd email name,”explains Tytianna McClenningham , a recent graduate. And they’re email manners , too .I didn’t even think it was important to use a subject in an email ,” McClenningham says .“But now I know .”
4. What is described in the first paragraph ?
A. An activity at a job fair .
B. A college entrance interview .
C. A scene in a college class .
D. A college graduation ceremony .
5. What does the underlined word ” analogous “ in paragraph 3 mean ?
A. Similar . B. Superior . C. Available . D. Important .
6. What does Calhoun say about telling stories in interviews ?
A. It can help interviewees relax .
B. It will impress interviewers .
C. It can meet the requirements of interviewers .
D. It will show interviewees’ communication skills .
7. How does McClenningham feel about the class ?
A. It is boring . B. It is practical .
C. It is too popular . D. It is too abstract .
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过保罗·卡尔霍恩教授在一些大学生去参加一系列工作面试之前给出的最后建议的课程，说明展示自己的重要性。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Look people in the eye. Smile. Shake hands. Sit up tall. Speak clearly and confidently. That’s the last- minute advice professor Paul Calhoun gives a handful of college students before they head off for a series of job interviews. The Skidmore College seniors he’s talking to are dressed in suits and shirts , or dresses and heels.”（看着别人的眼睛。笑一个。握个手。坐直了。清晰自信地说。这是保罗·卡尔霍恩教授在一些大学生去参加一系列工作面试之前给出的最后建议。与他交谈的斯基德莫尔学院高年级学生，要么穿西装衬衫，要么穿裙子和高跟鞋。）可知，这是保罗·卡尔霍恩教授在一些大学生去参加一系列工作面试之前给出的最后建议。因而可推知，这应该是发生在一个大学课堂上的场景。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前内容“When he came to Skidmore as a business professor, he noticed a lot of students struggling with public speaking. He got theater professors to help him shape what eventually became this class”（当他作为一名商学教授来到斯基德莫尔时，他注意到许多学生在公共演讲上遇到了困难。他得到了戏剧教授的帮助，最终形成了这门课）可推知，他这样做是为了给商科学生提供类似于戏剧系给演员的培训，因而划线词此处的含义为“类似的，相似的”之意，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中““People don’t remember when you tell them you’re good at something,”Calhoun explains .“They remember when you tell them a story that proves you ‘ re good at something.”（人们不会记得你告诉他们你擅长什么,”卡尔霍恩解释说。“当你给他们讲一个能证明你擅长某事的故事时，他们会记得。）可知，当你讲故事的时候，会给人们深刻的印象，选项B符合题意，故选B。
7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“explains Tytianna McClenningham , a recent graduate. And they’re email manners , too .I didn’t even think it was important to use a subject in an email ,” McClenningham says .“But now I know .””（刚毕业的 Tytianna McClenningham 解释道。它们也是电子邮件礼仪。我甚至认为在电子邮件中不使用主题是重要的,”麦克莱宁汉姆说。“但现在我知道了”）可知，McClenningham觉得这个课程很实用。故选B。
C
Over the course of 16 months, the family of 16 Asian elephants crop-destroyed, mud-bathed, and road-tripped 300 miles north to the provincial capital of Kunming. Along the way they became global celebrities --- and presented a conundrum for government officials. The elephants caused about a half million dollars worth of damage.
The simple answer would be to tranquilize (使镇定)the elephants and transport them back to the reserve.
But that would be risky for this group, especially the three little ones. Instead, officials took measures --- providing tons of corn and bananas, setting up road barriers, and making new pathways --- which ultimately involved tens of thousands of people at a cost equal to hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In a year torn by climate change, conflict, and COVID -19, some might argue that going to extremes to keep a family of elephants safe was wasteful. They might say the same about searching for an undiscovered species of frog or building new museums.
But conserving our natural and human heritage --- like efforts to cure disease and stop war --- is about doing good in the world. We need wildlife and ancient objects, just as we need health and peace. They’re our past, present, and future.
Conservation efforts have been bright spots in an otherwise dark year. That’s not to say the biodiversity crisis has passed. Plant and animal species are still disappearing at an alarming rate.
“I am scared about the state of nature because the threats are increasing ,” says Gladys Kalema -Zikusoka, founder of Conservation Through Public Health , but “I am hopeful because the extreme weather patterns we are experiencing and the shock of COVID -19 are leading to a heightened awareness about these risks and the need to do something about them .”
It’s still not clear why the elephants left their home, but one theory is that as elephant numbers in Yunnan Province have increased, the animals have needed to expand their territory.
That could be considered good news for this endangered species. But the story of the elephants demonstrates something else too: that the world we created and the world nature created are closely bound, for better or for worse.
8. What does the underlined part “a conundrum ” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. A tough problem. B. A terrible accident.
C. A difficult decision. D. A serious mistake.
9. What does the author say about keeping the elephants safe?
A. It’s a waste of time and money.
B. It’s significant for humankind.
C. It obviously goes to extremes.
D. It sets an example for the world.
10. Why does Gladys Kalema - Zikusoka voice hope?
A. Plant and animal species are growing.
B. Public awareness of key issues has increased.
C. Endangered animals face declining threats.
D. People are more experienced in handling risks.
11. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A. Mankind and nature face a shared future.
B. We should remember our past, present, and future.
C. Nature reflects who we are.
D. Mankind should give way to nature.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在过去的16个月的时间里，由16头亚洲象组成的大家庭从北部300英里的省会昆明出发，经历了庄稼被毁、泥浆浸泡和公路跋涉。一路走来，成为了全球名人。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Over the course of 16 months, the family of 16 Asian elephants crop-destroyed, mud-bathed, and road-tripped 300 miles north to the provincial capital of Kunming . Along the way they became global celebrities ”（在16个月的时间里，这个由16头亚洲象组成的大家庭从北部300英里的省会昆明出发，经历了庄稼被毁、泥浆浸泡和公路跋涉。一路走来，他们成为了全球名人）及“The elephants caused about a half million dollars worth of damage”（大象造成了大约50万美元的损失）可知，这群大象的北迁造成了大量的经济损失，可推断，划线词此处指这个情况对政府来说成为了很棘手的问题，需要尽快解决。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The simple answer would be to tranquilize (使镇定)the elephants and transport them back to the reserve .”（简单的解决办法就是给大象注射镇静剂然后把它们运回保护区。）第五段“conserving our natural and human heritage --- like efforts to cure disease and stop war --- is about doing good in the world . We need wildlife and ancient objects , just as we need health and peace . ”（保护我们的自然和人类遗产——就像努力治愈疾病和停止战争一样——是为了在世界上做好事。我们需要野生动物和古物，就像我们需要健康与和平。）可看出，保护大象的安全对人类而言是重要的，就像我们需要健康与和平。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“I am hopeful because the extreme weather patterns we are experiencing and the shock of COVID -19 are leading to a heightened awareness about these risks and the need to do something about them .”（我对此充满希望，因为我们正在经历的极端天气模式和新冠带来的冲击，正在提高人们对这些风险的认识，以及采取措施应对这些风险的必要性。）可知，在Gladys Kalema - Zikusoka看来，正是由于我们正在经历的极端天气模式和新冠带来的冲击，提高了人们对这些风险的认识。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But the story of the elephants demonstrates something else too: that the world we created and the world nature created are closely bound, for better or for worse .”（但是大象的故事也证明了一些其他的东西： 我们创造的世界和大自然创造的世界是紧密联系在一起的，无论是好是坏。）可知，这群大象的北迁的故事证明了我们人类世界和大自然创造的世界是紧密联系在一起的，即人类和自然面临着共同的未来。故选A。
D
An international team of researchers from Sweden and the UK have developed an innovative way of interpreting biological signals produced by our skin. Using data obtained from a Philips wrist-worn wearable sensor device that can also measure movement, the researchers’ system displays information in the form of colourful spiral graphics (螺旋图形) in real time on a smartphone, as well as a recording of data, for the wearer to interpret and reflect on.
The prototype (雏形) visualisation system, called ‘Affective Health’, was developed by experts in Human-Computer Interaction looking into how new and emerging computer technologies can be used to design engaging visualisations on smartphones.
A study group of 23 people were given the Affective Health prototype to use for a month. Importantly, the researchers purposely did not tell the participants what the devices were useful for. Instead, they gave guidelines that Affective Health could collect information relating to both physical and emotional reactions, how increased sweating increased the conductivity, and how this was represented by different colours. The participants were left to decide the best ways of using the technology.
The researchers found that this open design stage of the study led to some participants using the system as a tool to measure and help manage their stress levels. While others, including outstanding athletes, used the device to get information on their training and recovery programmes. Other uses included logging information on their lives and tracking emotions. But interestingly, few would use the technology for more than one purpose.
Although the open design phase helped reveal several different practices Affective Health prototypes could be used for, the prototype lacked some of the functions needed to make it a good tool for a specific role—such as a sports training system, or as a stress management tool. The researchers found the need for a second, more tailored step in the design process to make devices specific to particular roles.
12. What were the participants unaware of about the prototype?
A. Its function as a measuring tool.
B. Its reactions to physical activity.
C. Its colourful spiral graphics.
D. Its specified uses.
13. What interested the researchers?
A. People used the device quite differently.
B. Few used the device to help better themselves.
C. Many considered the device a single-purpose tool.
D. Many purposely avoided the device’s certain functions.
14. What can be learned about Affective Health?
A. It has a rising market share.
B. It causes trouble for users.
C. It lacks competitiveness.
D. It needs improvement.
15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Sweat, a Mood Detector?
B. Time to Reflect on Ourselves?
C. Colourful Sensors Gain Popularity
D. Technologies Interpret Biodata from the Skin
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个名为“Affective Health原型机”的新发明，可以解读我们皮肤产生的生物信号，可以用来观测我们的情绪变化。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A study group of 23 people were given the Affective Health prototype to use for a month. Importantly, the researchers purposely did not tell the participants what the devices were useful for.”（一个由23人组成的研究小组使用了一个月的Affective Health原型机。重要的是，研究人员故意不告诉参与者这些设备的用途。）可知，研究人员没告诉参与者Affective Health原型机的用途，由此可知，参与者不知道原型机的具体用途。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“But interestingly, few would use the technology for more than one purpose.”（但有趣的是，很少有人会将该技术用于多个目的。）可知，研究人员发现，有趣的是，很少有人会将该技术用于多个目的，由此可知，研究人员感兴趣的是许多人认为该装置是一种单一用途的工具。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the open design phase helped reveal several different practices Affective Health prototypes could be used for, the prototype lacked some of the functions needed to make it a good tool for a specific role—such as a sports training system, or as a stress management tool. The researchers found the need for a second, more tailored step in the design process to make devices specific to particular roles.”（尽管开放设计阶段帮助揭示了Affective Health原型机可用于的几种不同实践，但该原型机缺乏某些功能，无法使其成为特定角色的良好工具，如运动训练系统或压力管理工具。研究人员发现，在设计过程中需要第二个更为定制的步骤，以使设备针对于特定角色。）可知，Affective Health原型机缺乏某些功能，无法成为特定角色的良好工具，需要进一步改进，以使设备针对于特定角色，由此可知，Affective Health原型机需要改进。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“An international team of researchers from Sweden and the UK have developed an innovative way of interpreting biological signals produced by our skin.”（来自瑞典和英国一个国际研究团队开发了一种解释我们皮肤产生的生物信号的创新方法。）可知，本文主要介绍了一个名为“Affective Health原型机”的新发明，可以解读我们皮肤产生的生物信号，可以用来观测我们的情绪变化，“Technologies Interpret Biodata from the Skin”意为“技术从皮肤解读生物数据”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题 2分，满分 10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had a chat with Siri? Do you ask Google to play your favorite song? Have you ever had Alexa order a pizza for dinner? _____16_____
Voice assistants are programs on digital devices that listen and respond to verbal (口头的) commands. Users can say, "What's the weather like?" and the voice assistant will answer with the weather report for that day and location. They could say, "Tell me a story," and the assistant will jump into a tale. But how do voice assistants understand us? A complex system of codes? An actual person listening on the other end? _____17_____
It all starts with a signal word. Have you ever called a friend's name to get their attention? Users say the names of their voice assistants for the same reason. They might say. "Hey Siri!" or simply, "Alexa!" _____18_____ It signals to the voice assistant that it should begin paying attention.
After the voice assistant hears its signal word, it starts recording. The device waits for a pause to know you've finished your request. It then sends your recorded request over the Internet to its database. Once in the database, your request is compared to other requests. _____19_____ The database then sends these commands back to the voice assistant. Once it receives the commands, the voice assistant knows what to do next.
Voice assistants are improving all the time. Have you ever asked a voice assistant for something and received results you didn't expect? _____20_____ That teaches the device that the command it received from its database was wrong. It communicates that with the database and tries to do better next time.
A. The battle for voice assistant market share is fierce.
B. Whatever the signal word is, it wakes up the device.
C. The answer is less complicated than you might think.
D. Voice assistants are inside smart speakers in our homes.
E. Each time this happens, the voice assistant learns from its mistake.
F. Today's voice assistants can help you out with just about anything.
G. It's split into separate commands your voice assistant can understand.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语音助手的工作原理。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Have you ever had a chat with Siri? Do you ask Google to play your favorite song? Have you ever had Alexa order a pizza for dinner? (你跟Siri聊过吗?你让谷歌播放你最喜欢的歌曲吗?你有没有让Alexa点披萨当晚餐?)”可知，语音助理可以帮助做很多事情，正好引出下文的内容。下文说语音助理是如何帮助我们做事情的。所以选择项F“Today's voice assistants can help you out with just about anything.(今天的语音助手几乎可以帮助你解决任何问题。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
17题详解】
根据上文“But how do voice assistants understand us? A complex system of codes? An actual person listening on the other end? (但是语音助手是如何理解我们的呢?一套复杂的密码系统?一个真实的人在电话那头听吗?)”可知，下面是对这一系列问题的回答。所以选择项C“The answer is less complicated than you might think. (答案并没有你想象的那么复杂。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据本段首句“It all starts with a signal word.( 这一切都始于一个信号词。)”和整个段落可知，本段都在说信号。所以选择项B“Whatever the signal word is, it wakes up the device. (不管信号字是什么，它都会唤醒设备。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“signal word”与首句中的“signal word”相一致。故选B。
【19题详解】
本段主要是描述语音助理是如何处理命令的。根据后句“The database then sends these commands back to the voice assistant.(然后数据库将这些命令发送回语音助手。)”可知，命令被拆分，从而使语音助理能够理解。所以选择项G“It's split into separate commands your voice assistant can understand. (它被分成你的语音助手可以理解的不同命令。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“commands”与后句中的“commands”相一致。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文“That teaches the device that the command it received from its database was wrong. It communicates that with the database and tries to do better next time. (这会告诉设备，它从数据库接收到的命令是错误的。它与数据库进行沟通，并试图在下一次做得更好。)”可知，这里主要讲语音助理是如何改正错误的。所以选择项E“Each time this happens, the voice assistant learns from its mistake. (每次发生这种情况，语音助手都会从错误中吸取教训。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的“its mistake”与后句文的“its database was wrong”相一致。故选E。
第二部分英语知识运用(共三节，满分 75分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分 30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。
I grew up in a poor family with a group of adopted kids, my father and a wonderful mother. We had little money, but plenty of _____21_____ and attention. I was happy and energetic. I understood that no matter how poor a person was, he could still _____22_____ a dream.
My dream was athletics. When I was sixteen, I could throw a ninety-mile-per-hour baseball and hit anything moving on the field. I was also _____23_____ to have Ollie Jarvis as my high-school coach, who not only _____24_____ me but taught me how to be confident. One particular incident with Jarvis _____25_____ my life forever.
It was the summer holiday in senior two and a friend _____26_____ me for a summer job. This meant a _____27_____ for money in my pocket, and the start of _____28_____ for a house for my mother. The summer job was _____29_____ , and I wanted to jump at the opportunity.
Then I realized I would have to _____30_____ summer baseball training to handle the work schedule. I was _____31_____ about telling my coach, and I pressed myself with the _____32_____ on the dilemma from the mother, “If you make your bed, you have to lie in it.”
When I told Jarvis, he was as mad as expected. “You have your whole life to work,” he said, you’re your playing days are _____33_____. You can’t afford to waste them. ”
I stood with my head hanging, trying to explain why my _____34_____ of buying mom a house and having money _____35_____ his disappointment in me. He asked me about the money I would make at the job. _____36_____ , he said, “Is $3. 25 an hour the price of a dream?”
That question made me _____37_____ the difference between wanting something _____38_____ and having a long-term goal. I _____39_____ myself to baseball training, and within the year I was offered a $20,000 contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates. I _____40_____ it since I already had a baseball scholarship to the University of Arizona. I signed with the Boston Red Sox in 1984 for $1. 7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream.
21. A. mercy B. influence C. love D. reward
22. A. share B. interpret C. appreciate D. afford
23. A. lucky B. ambitious C. admirable D. impressive
24. A. concentrated on B. consulted with C. approved of D. believed in
25. A. disturbed B. satisfied C. transformed D. challenged
26. A. recommended B. blamed C. supported D. acknowledged
27. A. schedule B. chance C. decision D. desire
28. A. arrangements B. searches C. savings D. choices
29. A. inspiring B. convincing C. demanding D. appealing
30. A. accompany B. abandon C. adjust D. accomplish
31. A. certain B. anxious C. content D. angry
32. A. intention B. principle C. expectation D. advice
33. A. appropriate B. special C. limited D. permanent
34. A. dream B. imagination C. faith D. pressure
35. A. deserved B. reflected C. avoided D. confirmed
36. A. Delightedly B. Hurriedly C. Seriously D. Casually
37. A. seek B. overlook C. stress D. realize
38. A. right now B. so far C. on occasion D. in future
39. A. submitted B. committed C. adapted D. reduced
40. A. considered B. received C. advocated D. declined
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在教练奥利·贾维斯的鼓励和引导下，坚持自己运动员的梦想，坚持训练棒球，并最终取得成功，改变自己人生的故事。
【详解】1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们没什么钱，但有很多爱和关注。A. mercy同情；B. influence影响；C.love爱；D. reward奖励。根据下句“I was happy and energetic.(我很开心，精力充沛)”可知，作者得到了父母的很多关爱。故选C项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白，不管一个人多穷，他还是能承担得起一个梦。A. share 分享；B. interpret 解释; C. appreciate感激，欣赏；D.afford 负担得起 。根据下句“My dream was athletics.(我的梦想是运动员。)”可知，此处想表达的是，无论一个人多么贫穷，他仍然可以“担负得起”一个梦想。故选D项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我十六岁的时候，我能以每小时九十英里的速度投出棒球，并能击中任何在球场上移动的东西。我也很幸运有奥利·贾维斯作为我的高中教练。A.lucky 幸运的；B.ambitious 有野心的；C.admirable崇拜的；D. impressive印象深刻的。结合下文“who not only 4 me but taught me how to be confident.(他不仅认可我，而且教会我如何自信。)”可推断，此处作者觉得有奥利·贾维斯这样的教练，感到很“幸运”。故选A项。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不仅认可我，而且教会我如何自信。A. concentrated on集中注意力于；B. consulted with 咨询；C. approved of认可，赞同；D.believed in相信。结合句意可知，此处意为教练奥利·贾维斯“认可”作者的梦想。故选D项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次和贾维斯相关的特殊事件永远改变了我的人生。A.disturbed干扰；B.satisfied 满意；C.transformed转变，改变；D.challenged挑战。结合文章最后一句“I signed with the Boston Red Sox in 1984 for $1. 7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream.(我在1984年以170万美元的价格与波士顿红袜队签约，为我母亲买下了我梦寐以求的房子。)”可知，这次和贾维斯相关的特殊事件“改变”了作者的一生。故选C项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是高二的暑假，一个朋友推荐我做暑期工。A. recommended 推荐；B. blamed 指责；C. supported 支持；D. acknowledged承认。结合句意可知，此处意为“推荐”。故选A项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着我口袋里有钱的机会，也意味着我开始攒钱为我母亲买房子。A. schedule 时间表；B. chance机会；C.decision决定；D. desire 渴望。结合句意可知，此处意为口袋里有钱的“机会”。且下文的“ I wanted to jump at the opportunity.”也提示。故选B项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着我有口袋里有钱的机会，也意味着我开始攒钱为我母亲买房子。A.arrangements 安排；B.searches搜索；C.savings节省；攒钱；D. choices 选择。根据上文的“I grew up in a poor family with a group of adopted kids”可知，作者家里比较困难，所以需要“攒钱”买房。故选C项。
9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暑期工作很吸引人，我想抓住这个机会。A. inspiring 鼓舞人心的；B. convincing 令人信服的；C.demanding 苛求的；D. appealing有吸引力的。结合下句“I wanted to jump at the opportunity.(我想抓住这个机会。)”可知，作者认为这个暑期工作是“有吸引力”。故选D项。
10.考查动词义辨析。句意：后来我意识到，为了应付工作日程，我不得不放弃夏季棒球训练。A. accompany陪伴；B. abandon 放弃；C. adjust 调整；D. accomplish完成。结合句意可知，此处意为“放弃”夏季棒球培训，以便于有时间去做暑假工。故选B项。
11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我焦虑的告诉我的教练。A. certain 确定的；B. anxious 焦虑的；C. content满足的；D. angry生气的。结合下文“When I told Jarvis, he was as mad as expected.(当我告诉贾维斯时，他和我想象的一样愤怒。)”可推断，作者预感到如果告诉教练自己因为要去做暑期工而放弃暑假棒球培训的事，教练会很愤怒，所以感到“焦虑的”。故选B项。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我向自己提出了来自母亲的关于这个两难问题的建议。A.intention打算；B.principle原则；C. expectation 期盼；D. advice建议。结合下文“If you make your bed, you have to lie in it. (“如果你整理好了床铺，你就得躺在床上”。)”可知，此处指的是来自于母亲的“建议”。故选D项。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的训练时间有限。A.appropriate恰当的；B. special特殊的；C.limited 有限的；D.permanent永久的。结合上文“When I told Jarvis, he was as mad as expected. ‘You have your whole life to work,’ he said,(当我告诉贾维斯时，他和我想象的一样愤怒。“你有一生的时间去工作，”他说)”，以及下文“You can’t afford to waste them.(你不能浪费它们)”可知，教练贾维斯认为作者可以训练的时间是“有限的”。故选C项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我低着头站着，试图解释为什么我给妈妈买房子以及有钱的梦想值得他对我失望。A.dream 梦想；B.imagination想象；C. faith信念；D.pressure压力。结合文章最后一句话“and bought my mother the house of my dream. (我给妈妈买到了我梦想中的房子。)”可知，给妈妈买房子是作者的“梦想”。故选A项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我低着头站着，试图解释为什么我给妈妈买房子以及有钱的梦想值得他对我失望。A.deserved值得；B. reflected反思；C. avoided避免；D. confirmed确认，证实。结合句意可知，此处是指作者知道自己的想法让教练生气是理所当然的，即“值得”。故选A项。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他问我这工作能挣多少钱，然后严肃地问我：“每小时3.25美元，这是梦想的代价吗?”A.Delightedly高兴地；B.Hurriedly匆忙地；C.Seriously严肃地；D. Casually随意地。根据下文“Is $3. 25 an hour the price of a dream?”可知，教练反对作者去打暑假工，故教练会“严肃地”问作者这个问题。故选C项。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题使我意识到，现在想要什么和有一个长期目标是不同的。A. seek寻求；B. overlook忽略；C. stress强调；D. realize意识到。结合下文“the difference between wanting something 18 and having a long-term goal.(现在想要什么和有一个长期目标是不同的。)”可知，此处意为作者“意识到”后面的道理。故选D项。
18. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个问题使我意识到，现在想要什么和有一个长期目标是不同的。A. right now现在；B. so far到目前为主；C. on occasion偶尔；D. in future未来。结合句意及下文“having a long-term goal(拥有一个长期目标)”可知，此处意为“现在的”目标，和长期的目标构成对比。故选A项。
19. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我致力于棒球训练，不到一年，我就得到了一份与匹兹堡海盗队的价值2万美元的合同。这里考查动词和介词to的搭配。A. submitted to向……提交；B. committed to致力于；C. adapted to 适应；D. reduced to减少到。结合下文“and within the year I was offered a $20,000 contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates.(不到一年，我就得到了与匹兹堡海盗队2万美元的签约机会。)”可推断，正是由于作者“致力于”棒球训练，棒球打的很出色，所以才在不到一年的时间里得到了这个签约机会。故选B项。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拒绝了，因为我已经拿到亚利桑那大学的棒球奖学金了。A.considered 考虑；B.received收到；C.advocated 提倡；D.declined减少，婉拒。结合下文“since I already had a baseball scholarship to the University of Arizona。(因为我已经拿到亚利桑那大学的棒球奖学金了。)”可知，作者得到了更好的机会，所以“拒绝”了匹兹堡海盗队的签约。故选D项。
第二节单词拼写(共 15小题;每小题 2分，满分30分)
41. I got quite f_______ (懊恼的) because my microscope which was very expensive broke down.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】frustrated##rustrated
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我非常沮丧，因为我的非常昂贵的显微镜坏了。结合句中汉语及首字母提示，可知此处用形容词frustrated，作表语，故填frustrated。
42. He just now _______ (投射) an annoyed look at me，with his hands trembling. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cast
【解析】
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：他刚才生气地看了我一眼，手在发抖。空处在句中为谓语，结合汉语提示可知，此处用动词cast，结合空前just now，所以时态用一般过去时。故填cast。
43. After a long research, the scientists found that some ideas were slightly __________(自相矛盾的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：经过长时间的研究，科学家们发现有些想法有点矛盾。根据汉语提示可知，contradictory自相矛盾的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填contradictory。
44. He said he had not discussed the matter with her. F_______ (此外), he had not even contacted her. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】Furthermore##urthermore
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他说他还没有和她讨论过这件事。此外，他甚至没有联系过她。根据汉语提示“此外”和首字母“F”可知，应填furthermore，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Furthermore。
45. Every year he s_______ to China Daily in order to improve my English. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】subscribes##ubscribes
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了提高我的英语水平，他每年都订阅《中国日报》。根据首字母提示及句意可知，空处用“订阅”含义，短语：subscribe to订阅。根据句中时间状语Every year 可知，用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填subscribes。
46. After o_________ some difficulties during his final few years in the US Qian returned to China in 1955. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】overcoming##vercoming
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国的最后几年里，钱学森克服了一些困难，于1955年回到中国。介词after后接动名词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填overcoming。
47. The government must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the people and take forceful measures to solve the problems in order to live up to the e_______ of the people. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】expectations##xpectations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府必须保持对人民的强烈责任感，采取有力措施解决问题，以不辜负人民的期望。根据单词首字母以及句意“期望”可知，空格处涉及单词“expectation”，意为“期望”，为可数名词，句中指一类事物，故应用“expectation”的复数形式“expectations”，作宾语。故填expectations。
48. Encouraged by the teacher, they actively p_______ in the English speech contest held last Sunday. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】participated##articipated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在老师的鼓励下，他们积极参加了上周日举行的英语演讲比赛。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处需用动词participate“参加”作谓语，根据时间状语last Sunday可知，该句用一般过去时。故填participated。
49. The driving test will __________ (使具备资格) you to drive. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】qualify
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：驾照考试将让你有资格开车。根据句意和汉语提示，qualify“使具备资格”作谓语，空格前有will，后面用动词原形，故填qualify。
【点睛】
50. I had some difficulty at first ________(回想) why we were there. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】recalling
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和动名词。句意：起初，我很难回忆起我们为什么在那里。表示“回想”应用动词recall。have difficulty (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用动名词作宾语。故填recalling。
51. Hence, it is of vital importance to gain a deep i_______into its history and culture. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】insight##nsight
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，深入了解它的历史和文化是至关重要的。结合句意及首字母提示可知，此处应用名词“洞察力”insight，短语：insight into sth.“深刻了解……”，故填insight。
52. A f_______ (基本的)change in the organization of health services was required. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】fundamental##undamental
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：需要对卫生服务的组织进行根本性的改革。根据汉语提示及首字母可知，空处用形容词fundamental“基本的”，作定语修饰名词change，故填fundamental。
53. What’s your comment on the hygiene(卫生)of the food and_______ (食堂)surroundings? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】canteen
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你对食品和餐厅环境的卫生有何评论？根据汉语提示及空处在的位置可知，空处用名词canteen，作宾语，故填canteen。
54. He o_______ his success more to luck than to ability. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】owes##owed##wes##wed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他把成功归功于运气而不是能力。根据单词首字母以及句意“归功于”可知，空格处涉及单词“owe”，意为“归功于”，动词词性，当句子强调客观事实时，为一般现在时，句子主语为“He”，空格处应用“owe”的三单形式“owes”，但句子强调动作发生在过去时，为一般过去时，空格处应用“owe”的过去式“owed”。故填owes/owed。
55. An opportunity has a_______ (出现). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】arisen##risen
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：机会已经出现了。结合汉语提示，空处填动词arise，根据空前has可知，本句的时态为现在完成时，所以空处填过去分词arsien，故填arisen。
第三节语法填空(共 10小题;每小题 1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。
Christine Figgener could never have predicted that ___56___ eight-minute video would change the course of her career. But in August 2015, the 34-year-old marine(海洋的)conservation biologist discovered a sea turtle in Costa Rica with a plastic straw(吸管)___57___ (stick) in its nose .Shocked and angry at the extreme ___58___ ( comfort ) to the creature , Figgener filmed her research crew removing the straw ___59___ the turtle’ s nose , blood coming from it .
The heart-breaking video has been viewed more than 32 million___60___ (time) on YouTube. “ I thought I can really show what kind of harm one object can do ,” Figgener says .
Americans alone use as many as 390 million plastic straws a day---just a small proportion (比例) of the 8 million metric tons of plastic___61___ ends up in the ocean annually . Though Figgener’s video was filmed in 2015, it continues to make waves. In July it___62___ (credit) with helping encourage major companies like Starbucks and American Airlines to stop ___63___ (use) plastic straws . “We can all do something,” Figgener says.
Figgener also spends her time visiting schools___64___ (educate) younger generations about the ocean, ___65___ (sincere) hoping to show children that they can be a scientist too , no matter who they are.
【答案】56. an 57. stuck
58. discomfort
59. from 60. times
61. which 62. was credited
63. using 64. to educate
65. sincerely
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了海洋保护生物学家菲格纳的一段8分钟的视频对她的职业生涯的影响。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：克里斯汀•菲格纳(Christine Figgener)永远无法预料到，一段8分钟视频会改变她的职业生涯。video“视频”为可数名词，这里使用了单数，结合空后eight-minute，其首个因素为元音，所以空处用不定冠词an，故填an。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：但在2015年8月，这位34岁的海洋保护生物学家在哥斯达黎加发现了一只鼻子里插着塑料吸管的海龟。分析句意可知，这里使用了with的复合结构“with+ 宾语+补语”，straw（吸管）与动词stick（插入，刺入）为动宾关系，表示“吸管被刺入海龟的鼻子”，所以空处用过去分词stuck，故填stuck。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：菲格纳对海龟的极度不适感到震惊和愤怒，她拍摄了她的研究小组从海龟的鼻子里取出吸管，血从鼻子里流出来的过程。空前extreme为形容词，所以此处用名词，结合前文“discovered a sea turtle in Costa Rica with a plastic straw(吸管) ________(stick) in its nose”可知，发现了一只鼻子里插着塑料吸管的海龟，这种情景让她感到不适，所以用discomfort，故填discomfort。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。短语：remove sth. from sth.“从……移除……”，故填from。
【60题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这段令人心碎的视频在 YouTube 上被观看了超过3200万次。time“次数”为可数名词，结合空前“ more than 32 million”，所以此处用复数。故填times。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：仅美国人一个人每天就使用多达3.9亿根塑料吸管——这只是每年800万公吨最终流入海洋的塑料中的一小部分。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为plastic，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，故填which。
【62题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：今年7月，该视频被认为帮助鼓励了星巴克(Starbucks)和美国航空(American Airlines)等大公司停止使用塑料吸管。空处在句中为谓语，结合“In July”可知，时态用一般过去时；it为代词，指代前文“Figgener’s video”，与动词credit为动宾关系，故填was credited，故填credited。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语。句意同上。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，所以空处用动名词using，故填using。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：费格纳还花时间访问学校，教育年轻一代有关海洋的知识，真诚地希望向孩子们表明，不管他们是谁，他们也可以成为一名科学家。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为目的状语，表示菲格纳花时间访问学校的目的，所以用不定式to educate，故填to educate。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。副词修饰动词，空后hope为动词，所以此处用副词sincerely，故填sincerely。
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
66. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Our school held a show called “Us After Ten Years ”, when the speakers presented their future careers. I chose to be the diplomat (外交官). I’d like to present myself as a true spokes-person, either gentle like Wang Wenbin nor sharp like Zhao Lijian. Waiting my turn, I paced backstage with my heart beating wildly. Then comes my turn. I took a deep breath and walked onto the stage, waved to the audience. The bright lights and screams were surrounded me tightly. Fortunate, everything went smoothly. The heavy burden changed into a sense of pride. I’ m proud of me and Chinese diplomats, who meet challenge every day but manage to keep showing Chinese wisdom.
【答案】1.when→where
2.the→a
3.nor→or
4.Waiting后加for
5.comes→came
6.waved→waving
7.删除were
8.Fortunate→Fortunately
9.me→myself
10.challenge→challenges
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者学校举办了一个名为“十年后的我们”的节目，演讲者介绍了他们未来的职业。作者选择做外交官。演讲使作者为自己和中国的外交官们感到骄傲，他们每天都在迎接挑战，但仍然努力展示中国的智慧。
【详解】1.考查定语从句。句意：我们学校举办了一个名为“十年后的我们”的节目，演讲者介绍了他们未来的职业。先行词是show，在定语从句中做地点状语，用where引导非限制性定语从句。故when改为where。
2.考查冠词。句意：我选择做外交官。可数名词第一次出现，前面用不定冠词。故the改为a。
3.考查连词。句意：我想做一个真正的代言人，既不像王文斌那样温柔，也不像赵立坚那样尖锐。either...or表示“或者……或者”。故nor改为or。
4.考查介词。句意：等轮到我的时候，我在后台踱来踱去，心怦怦直跳。“等待”是固定短语wait for。故Waiting后加for。
5.考查动词时态。句意：然后轮到我了。 根据took可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时。故comes改为came。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：然后轮到我了。我深吸了一口气，走上舞台，向观众挥手致意。挥手是非谓语动词，逻辑主语和wave是主动关系，用现在分词，做状语。故waved改为waving。
7.考查动词时态语态。句意：明亮的灯光和尖叫声紧紧地包围着我。灯光、尖叫声和包围是主动关系，去掉be动词，故删除were。
8.考查副词。句意：幸运的是，一切顺利。副词修饰一句话，作状语。故Fortunate改为Fortunately。
9.考查代词。句意：我为我和中国的外交官们感到骄傲，他们每天都在迎接挑战，但仍然努力展示中国的智慧。前后指代同一人用反身代词。故me改为myself。
10.考查名词。句意：我为我和中国的外交官们感到骄傲，他们每天都在迎接挑战，但仍然努力展示中国的智慧。挑战是可数名词，外交官们每天遇到各种挑战，用名词复数。故challenge改为challenges。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
67. 你校英文报正在征稿。请你结合下面的名人名言（famous quote），写一篇题为“My Understanding of Failure”的征文。
A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.
—J. Burroughs
内容包括：
1. 你对该名言的理解；
2. 生活中的例子；
3. 你的感悟。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My Understanding of Failure
This famous quote from J. Burroughs conveys that when faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others, which is more important than failure itself.
When entering high school, many classmates found it really difficult to learn maths and did poorly in exams. They blamed it on the teacher rather than themselves, which resulted in even poorer performance. I was no exception. However, when I realized complaining made no sense, I adjusted my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever I encountered difficult problems. Gradually, I began to make progress, which in turn boosted my confidence in maths.
The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文，要求考生结合名人名言“A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.”，写一篇题为“My Understanding of Failure”的征文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
①面对：face→be faced with
②导致：cause→result in
③重要的：important→vital
④提升、促进：boost →promote
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
拓展句：What I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
【点睛】[高分句型1] This famous quote from J. Burroughs conveys that when faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others, which is more important than failure itself. (运用了that引导的宾语从句及which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed. (运用了that引导的表语从句及部分倒装)
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