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2022-2023学年新疆乌鲁木齐市第三十一中学高二下学期4月期中英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年新疆乌鲁木齐市第三十一中学高二下学期4月期中英语试题含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，根据汉语意思填写单词，短文改错，作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
乌鲁木齐市第三十一中学 2022-2023学年高二下学期
期中考试 英语试题
总分150分 考试时间120分钟 （人教2019版选择性必修三）
一、阅读理解（共30分）
Singer Liu Genghong is enjoying great popularity recently after posting online fitness videos on TikTok. In the videos, he often works out to the fast-paced music of his friend JayChou. Now his TikTok account has rocketed to 55 million fans and 53 million likes, inspiring people’s interest in indoor exercise.
According to Pu Zhengning, a professor of Southeast University in Nanjing, the COVID-19 has limited access to gyms and fitness centers, so simple aerobic (有氧的) exercises that do not need equipment are perfect for people to perform at home. And that is exactly the demand that Liu has come up on his social media platforms.
Since the COVID-19 broke out, the increasing downloads of fitness apps indicates the growing popularity of online fitness. The number of fitness videos on the platform in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers were up by 208 percent.
Wei Fang, a student at Shandong Normal University, is one of Liu’s fans. “My major requires me to sit for a long time,” she said. “So how could I refuse a star singer as a personal trainer? Besides, when watching the live stream, I feel like I’m taking exercise with friends, which encourages me to keep going,” added Wei, who claims to have lost 3.5 kilograms in just seven days and also have a more positive mood.
According to the 2022 Sports and Fitness Consumption Trend Report, the sales of yoga and dance products have achieved fast growth since March. Along with social media plat-forms, China’s sports governing body launched online games on April 28. Ding Dong, an official with the General Administration of Sport, said: “The aim of the games is to inspire the mass enthusiasm for fitness.”
Now it seems that “cloud fitness” offers a great choice to gym memberships. In the past, aerobic exercises on TV were popular, and now it’s even easier to follow along and learn from instructors on short-video platforms.
1．Why does Liu Genghong become popular online recently?
A．People love his online fitness videos.
B．He dances to the fast-paced music of Jay Chou.
C．The gyms and fitness centers are too expensive.
D．People are interested in taking exercise in the gym.
2．What can we learn about Wei Fang?
A．She dislikes a star singer as a personal trainer.
B．She often works out with Liu to lose weight.
C．She refuses to exercise together with friends.
D．She benefits physically and mentally from exercise.
3．What does the 2022 Sports and Fitness Consumption Trend Report indicate?
A．The mass enthusiasm for fitness needs improving.
B．Online sports games have appeared on the market.
C．More and more people take part in aerobic exercises.
D．Yoga and dance on TikTok are developing together.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Come to Exercise with Trainer Liu
B．The Followers of Fitness Instructors
C．Downloads of Various Fitness Apps
D．Go to Post Cloud Fitness Short Videos
The tornadoes that recently struck the U.S. are some of the most destructive and deadly in history. The death in Kentucky, the hardest hit state, reached 80 on Monday, with dozens still unaccounted for. The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes so late in the year — most tornadoes occur in the spring and summer — is fueling discussion about how climate change may have influenced this deadly disaster.
“In my 40 years as a meteorologist (气象学家), this was one of the most shocking weather events I’ve ever witnessed,” says Jeff Masters, at Yale Climate Connections. “Watching these storms on Friday night, my thought was, ‘Is no season safe?’ Extreme tornadoes in December. That was mind blowing to me.”
Unlike heat waves and floods, the link between a wanning world and tornadoes is complex and uncertain. Scientists have several theories about how tornado behavior may change. Tornadoes in December are possible. But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency of tornadoes.
According to NOAA’s data, there has been a recorded increase in the number of observed tornadoes since 1950, which experts believe is largely due to better technology such as Doppler radar. There’s been no observed increase in the frequency of major tornadoes over time. For example, 59 of the most severe F5 tornadoes in the U.S. have occurred since 1950. But if the storm that destroyed Kentucky turns out to have been an F5, it will have been the first since 2013 — bringing to an end the longest recorded period so far.
Nevertheless, “given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere, it makes sense that it should be having an impact on tornadoes too,” says Victor Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Northern Illinois University. “Instead of asking: ‘Did climate change cause this tornado?’ It’s better to operate under the assumption that climate change did play a role,” he says.
While the science on climate change and tornadoes isn’t clear, meteorologists are predicting that conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month. “I’m worried about the rest of the year to be honest. I don’t think we’re out of the woods yet.” Gensini says.
5．What is one difference between the recent tornadoes and the ones in the past?
A．They hit only Kentucky. B．They happened in December.
C．They caused no deaths. D．They caught people unprepared.
6．What can be inferred in paragraph 3?
A．Waves and floods often follow tornadoes.
B．There is an agreement on how tornadoes may change.
C．Climate change will make tornadoes the most deadly disaster.
D．Scientists are unsure about how climate change influences tornadoes.
7．Which statement may Victor Gensini agree with?
A．The climate change most likely has an effect on tornadoes.
B．The tornadoes have nothing to do with climate warming.
C．The science on climate change is advancing very quickly.
D．The climate change will make tornadoes much less frequent.
8．What does the underlined phrase “out of the woods” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Out of forest. B．Out of difficulty.
C．Out of danger. D．Out of question.
More than half of the food produced in Canada goes to waste. A shocking new study has shown that the level of food waste is far worse than previously thought, at 58%. Of that, about 85% of food waste is due to food processors. This differs from earlier studies, which criticized families for driving food waste and said they were responsible for 51% of food waste.
The study was carried out by Martin Hooch, the leading expert on food waste and the author of several previous studies on the subject. Reflecting on the study’s findings, Hooch said, “It means stopping criticizing consumers. Sure, consumers are part of the problem, but they’re not the problem.”
In the past, Hooch didn't master good data, particularly from the private factories, but relied on numbers collected by the food industry for purposes other than tracking(追踪) waste. This time, however, Hooch worked directly with companies at all stages along the food production chain and interviewed over 700 experts in the industry. Clearly he found it hard to believe what he was seeing.
This is what they found: Food processing causes 34% of food waste. This is followed by production, which causes 24%. Next is manufacturing at 13%, then hotels and restaurants at 9%. Families cause only 14%, and market sales 6%. This should be a serious wake-up call for Canadians who would do well to examine their own food supply chains. Food waste is costly, not only in terms of dollars wasted, but also in resources like land, water, and so on. To be using these resources and wasting the product is totally irresponsible and unnecessary.
To make matters worse, when food is thrown into rubbish cans, it produces methane, a greenhouse gas 30 times more powerful than carbon dioxide (CO2). At Canada’s rate of food waste, that's like adding 12 million cars to the road. It seems that the food industry needs redesigning. Therefore, let’s hope the government takes action.
9．What did earlier studies say about food waste in Canada?
A．Food waste was better than expected.
B．Food went bad when it was processed.
C．Most of the food was wasted on purpose.
D．Families were to blame for food waste.
10．How did Hooch do his study on food waste this time?
A．By studying data from the industry.
B．By tracking the whole production chain.
C．By collecting advice from experts worldwide.
D．By drawing a conclusion from the previous studies.
11．Why does food waste have an effect on the environment?
A．Because it is harmful to the trees.
B．Because it pollutes the soil around it.
C．Because it gives off unpleasant smells.
D．Because it produces more greenhouse gas.
12．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Canadians don’t like to save food for future.
B．More than half of the food is wasted in Canada.
C．Families are mainly responsible for food waste.
D．The food industry is better redesigned in Canada.
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
13．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
14．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
15．What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Debt
B．Reward.
C．Allowance.
D．Face value.
16．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
二、七选五（共10分）
Carbon dioxide is released when oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy—the energy we use to power our homes, cars, and smartphones. By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money.____17____.
Buy energy-efficient appliances
Since they were first set in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That's about the same amount as the yearly carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances, look for the Energy Star label.____18____.
Reduce water waste
Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water.____19____. Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. And switch to water-efficient equipment. If one out of every 100 American homes did this, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved, avoiding 80,000 tons of global warming pollution.
____20____
Gas-smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025's clean car standards, which means averaging 54.5 miles per gallon, they'll be a mainstay. For good reason: Compared with the 2011 standards, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the gas station each year and cut their emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel-economy performance.
Rethink planes, trains, and cars
Choosing to live in walkable smart-growth cities and towns with quality public transportation leads to less driving, less money spent on fuel, and less pollution in the air.
____21____. Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.
A．So take shorter showers
B．Drive a fuel-efficient car
C．Cut down on your water consumption completely
D．It will tell you which are the most efficient
E．Change only happens when individuals take action
F．Less frequent flying can make a big difference, too
G．Here are some effective ways each one of us can make a difference
三、完形填空（共30分）
A 22-year-old aircraft maintenance engineer living in Dubai, Zachariah was visiting the southwest India state of Kerala for a family wedding when a lockdown was declared. Store shelves were emptying, and hence Zachariah and his father ___22___ vegetables on their family's plot of land.
Using YouTube videos and techniques Zachariah's grandfather had ___23___ to his father ___24___ a guide, they began a garden that finally helped ___25___20 neighboring households during the pandemic （流行病）.
The tropical （热带的）climate of Kerala, he said, ___26___ plenty of rain and sun, making farming hands-off ___27___ it's time to harvest. That free style of farming is in line with Zachariah's growing ___28___ in sustainable agriculture, a movement that promotes working with nature instead of forcing the land to obey man's ___29___
What he didn't realize was that a ___30___ had been planted, one that would eventually lead him to ____31____ his career in engineering and consider one in farming. Soon after returning to Dubai, he's decided to ____32____ careers, from serving the skies to ____33____ the soil. " It's a big change for me. But this is what makes me ____34____ —helping others and being in nature. "
The time they've spent together has also helped bring Zachariah and his father ____35____. “We started bonding and I think that's why I ____36____ gardening," Zachariah said.
22．A．planted B．gathered C．consumed D．delivered
23．A．taken over B．passed down C．handed in D．worked out
24．A．under B．with C．as D．without
25．A．stimulate B．motivate C．clean D．feed
26．A．stores B．provides C．shifts D．requires
27．A．for B．while C．until D．though
28．A．interest B．influence C．patience D．doubt
29．A．passion B．habit C．purpose D．will
30．A．vegetable B．tree C．seed D．flower
31．A．rethink B．restore C．broaden D．treasure
32．A．improve B．choose C．distinguish D．switch
33．A．working B．loosening C．researching D．watering
34．A．healthy B．wealthy C．happy D．confident
35．A．richer B．closer C．busier D．stronger
36．A．figured out B．put off C．ran across D．got into
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文（共10分）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．disorders B．signals C．beneficial D．frequent E. influence F. process
G. collected H. associated I. estimated J. positively K. relatively
Scientists have some great news for those who love coffee, tea and wine: Having any of these drinks is ____37____ with a healthier and more diverse (多样性) community of microbes (微生物) living in the gut (肠道). The opposite is true for consuming sugary drinks and whole milk, as well as for eating a lot of carbohydrates and taking ____38____ snacks, researchers reported in the journal Science.
"In total we found 60 food-related factors that ____39____ diversity," Dr. Alexandra Zhernakova, the first author of the study, said in a statement. Your microbiome is the community of mostly ____40____ bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on and in your body. These microscopic organisms help you ____41____ food and regulate your immune system (免疫系统). Experts believe that the make-up of a person's microbial community can also play a role in mood ____42____ and other diseases.
But the study of the microbiome is ____43____ new, and scientists are still working out exactly what a healthy microbiome looks like.
After analyzing samples and comparing them with other data ____44____, the scientists found that consuming fruits, vegetables and yogurt ____45____ influenced microbial diversity in the gut. So did drinking tea, wine, coffee and buttermilk.
"It is becoming more and more clear that the gut microbiome serves as a sort of fingerprint that captures all kinds of _____46_____ about host health," Zhernakoval said.
五、根据汉语意思填写单词（共5分）
47．Don’t wander any longer, for she has a ______ (真正的) desire to help us! （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48．He went to an art school to study painting and ________ (雕刻). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
49．________ (娇弱的) plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during the winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
50．He___________his life savings in his daughter’s business. （投资）(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51．We will have to deal with higher rates of mental illness, _________(药物) abuse and every other kind of problem. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52．The rules of the game are too ________ (复杂的、难懂的)to explain in a few words. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
53．Tiny acts of goodwill are worthwhile because they add a new ________(方面、维度) to people’s lives. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
54．Moreover, these activities can ________their imagination and their interest in computer science.(刺激) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55．The storm got worse and worse. Finally, I was obliged to________(放弃) the car and continue on foot. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
56．Smoking can cause ________ (永久的) damage to your health. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
六、短文改错（共10分）
57．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
In the past, I found some unhealthy living habit, like eating junk food, staying up and take little exercise. As a result, I began to put on the weight and often became ill. Luckily, I became worrying about the harm caused by unhealthy living habits. To keep fit, I determine to form a healthy lifestyle. Firstly, I began to have a balanced diet. Secondly, I took exercise active every day. Lastly, I developed the habit about going to bed early and getting up early, which helped myself recover quickly after two months.
Health is valuable than wealth. Let’s keep away from bad habits but live healthily.
七、作文（共25分）
58．最近，你们班就“是否应该帮助陌生人”展开了讨论，同学们就这一话题意见不一，你的看法如何？根据所提供的信息，以“Should We Help Strangers?”为题，写一篇短文。
原因
赞成
帮助他人是美德；
帮助他人就是帮助自己；
反对
怕陷入麻烦；
怕被误解；
你的观点？（至少两点）
注意：
1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2.必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；
3.词数：100左右（正文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4.不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
参考词汇：美德virtueShould We Help Strangers?
Recently our class had a discussion about whether we should help strangers. Different students have different opinions.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
英语期中考试 答案解析：
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了由于新冠疫情，歌手刘畊宏的健身视频走红，在线健身越来越受欢迎。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Singer Liu Genghong is enjoying great popularity recently after posting online fitness videos on TikTok.(歌手刘畊宏最近在TikTok上发布了在线健身视频，深受欢迎)”可知，刘畊宏最近在网上走红是因为人们喜欢他的在线健身视频。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘So how could I refuse a star singer as a personal trainer? Besides, when watching the live stream, I feel like I’m taking exercise with friends, which encourages me to keep going,’ added Wei, who claims to have lost 3.5 kilograms in just seven days and also have a more positive mood.(‘所以我怎么能拒绝明星歌手做私人教练呢？此外，在看直播的时候，我感觉自己是在和朋友们一起锻炼，这鼓励了我坚持下去。’魏说，她声称自己在短短7天内减掉了3.5公斤，而且心情也更积极)”可知，锻炼使Wei Fang身心受益，故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“According to the 2022 Sports and Fitness Consumption Trend Report, the sales of yoga and dance products have achieved fast growth since March.(根据《2022年体育与健身消费趋势报告》，自3月以来，瑜伽和舞蹈产品的销售实现了快速增长)”可知，瑜伽和舞蹈产品的销售快速增长，说明越来越多的人参加有氧运动。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now his TikTok account has rocketed to 55 million fans and 53 million likes, inspiring people’s interest in indoor exercise.(现在他的TikTok账号已经飙升到5500万粉丝和5300万赞，激发了人们对室内锻炼的兴趣)”可知，文章主要讲述由于新冠疫情，歌手刘畊宏的健身视频走红，在线健身越来越受欢迎。A项 “来和刘教练一起锻炼吧”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国最近遭受了历史上最具破坏性和致命性的龙卷风的袭击，专家认为美国近年来频发的龙卷风可能与气候变化相关。
5．细节理解题。由第一段中的“The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes so late in the year — most tornadoes occur in the spring and summer (今年晚些时候龙卷风的破坏规模和发生时间——大多数龙卷风发生在春季和夏季)”和第二段中的“‘Watching these storms on Friday night, my thought was, ‘Is no season safe?’ Extreme tornadoes in December. That was mind blowing to me.’(“周五晚上看到这些风暴，我的想法是，‘没有季节安全吗？’12月的极端龙卷风。这让我大吃一惊。”)”可知，过去龙卷风发生在春季和夏季，而最近的龙卷风发生在12月。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。由第三段中的“Scientists have several theories about how tornado behavior may change. (科学家们对龙卷风轨迹可能如何改变有几种理论)”和“But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency of tornadoes. (但气候变化是否会加强或增加龙卷风的频率还有待观察)”可得出，科学家对龙卷风轨迹怎样变化没有定论，不确定气候变化如何影响龙卷风。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Nevertheless, “given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere, it makes sense that it should be having an impact on tornadoes too,” says Victor Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Northern Illinois University. “Instead of asking: ‘Did climate change cause this tornado?’ It’s better to operate under the assumption that climate change did play a role,” he says. (然而，北伊利诺伊大学极端天气专家维克多·根西尼说，“考虑到全球变暖对大气的普遍影响，全球变暖也应该对龙卷风产生影响是有道理的。”“与其问：‘气候变化导致了这次龙卷风吗？’不如假设气候变化确实起了作用，”他说)”可知， Victor Gensini认为气候变化很可能对龙卷风产生影响。故选A项。
8．词句猜测题。由最后一段“While the science on climate change and tornadoes isn’t clear, meteorologists are predicting that conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month. “I’m worried about the rest of the year to be honest. I don’t think we’re out of the woods yet.” Gensini says. (虽然气候变化和龙卷风的科学研究尚不清楚，但气象学家预测，本月有利于龙卷风的条件将继续存在。“老实说，我担心今年剩下的时间。我认为我们还未out of the woods。”根西尼说)”可知，本月可能还会发生龙卷风，Gensini很担心，觉得人们还未摆脱龙卷风的危险，out of the woods在此处意为“out of danger (脱离危险)”。故选C项。
9．D 10．B 11．D 12．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了加拿大生产的食物中有一半以上是浪费的，科学家们研究了废弃物的来源和对环境造成的影响，作者想借此文章呼吁政府行动起来保护环境。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 This differs from earlier studies, which criticized families for driving food waste and said they were responsible for 51% of food waste.可知，这与早期的研究不同，早期的研究批评家庭造成了食物浪费，并说他们对51%的食物浪费负有责任。由此可知，早些时候的研究表明，加拿大家庭的食物浪费是造成食物浪费的罪魁祸首。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段This time, however, Hooch worked directly with companies at all stages along the food production chain and interviewed over 700 experts in the industry. 可知，这次，Hooch直接与食品生产链各个阶段的公司合作，并采访了该行业的700多位专家。由此可知，Hooch这次通过跟踪整个生产链来研究食物浪费。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段To make matters worse, when food is thrown into rubbish cans, it produces methane, a greenhouse gas 30 times more powerful than carbon dioxide (CO2).可知，将食物扔进垃圾桶后，它会产生甲烷，这种温室气体的强度比二氧化碳（CO2）高30倍。由此可推知，因为食物废弃物能产生更多的温室气体，这对环境带来影响。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并结合第一段第一句More than half of the food produced in Canada goes to waste.可知，本文主要讲述了加拿大生产的食物中有一半以上被浪费了。结合选项可知，选项B符合题意。故选B。
13．D 14．B 15．B 16．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
15．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
17．G 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．F
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以减少碳排放的有效方法。
17．根据上文“Carbon dioxide is released when oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy—the energy we use to power our homes, cars, and smartphones. By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money.(当石油、煤炭和其他化石燃料燃烧为能源时，二氧化碳就会被释放出来——这些能源是我们用来为房屋、汽车和智能手机提供动力的。通过使用更少的碳，我们可以限制自己对气候变化的贡献，同时也节省了资金)”结合后文主要提出了一些可以减少碳排放的方法，故G选项“这里有一些我们每个人都能有所作为的有效方法”符合语境，故选G。
18．根据上文“Since they were first set in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That's about the same amount as the yearly carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances, look for the Energy Star label.(自1987年首次制定能效标准以来，数十种电器和产品的能效标准已经使空气中减少了23亿吨二氧化碳。这相当于近4.4亿辆汽车每年产生的碳污染。在购买冰箱、洗衣机和其他电器时，寻找有“能源之星”标签的商品)”可知，上文提到在购买冰箱、洗衣机和其他电器时，寻找有“能源之星”标签的商品，故本句承接上文继续说明原因：“能源之星”标签会告诉你哪些电器是效率最高的。D选项中It指代上文the Energy Star label。故D选项“它会告诉你哪些是效率最高的”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据上文“Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water.(节约用水也减少了碳污染。这是因为它需要大量的能量来抽取、加热和处理你的水)”以及后文“Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. And switch to water-efficient equipment. If one out of every 100 American homes did this, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved, avoiding 80,000 tons of global warming pollution.(刷牙时关掉水龙头。转而使用节水设备。如果每100个美国家庭中就有一个这样做，每年将节省大约1亿千瓦时的电力，避免8万吨全球变暖污染)”可知，本段的建议是节约用水，且本句与后文并列，都是在举例说明生活中节约用水的具体例子，故A选项“所以淋浴时间短一些”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据本段内容“Gas-smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025's clean car standards, which means averaging 54.5 miles per gallon, they'll be a mainstay. For good reason: Compared with the 2011 standards, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the gas station each year and cut their emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel-economy performance.(汽油智能汽车，比如混合动力车和全电动汽车，既省油又省钱。一旦所有轿车和轻型卡车达到2025年的清洁汽车标准，即平均每加仑54.5英里，它们将成为主流。理由很充分：与2011年的标准相比，美国人每年在加油站的花费将减少800亿美元，排放量将减少一半。在你买一套新轮胎之前，比较一下燃油经济性)”可知，本段的建议是驾驶省油型汽车。故B选项“开省油的车”符合语境，故选B。
21．根据后文“Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.(航空运输是气候污染的一个主要来源。如果你可以坐火车，那就这样做吧)”可知，本段的建议是少乘坐飞机，故F选项“不经常乘飞机也会带来很大的不同”符合语境，故选F。
22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了飞机维修工程师Zachariah在流行病期间和父亲一起种植蔬菜，养活了20户邻居。这件事让Zachariah感到很开心，不仅帮助了别人还融入了自然，所以对可持续发展农业产生兴趣，并决定转行。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：商店的货架空了，因此Zachariah和他的父亲在自家的地里种植蔬菜。A. planted种植；B. gathered聚集；C. consumed消费；D. delivered递送。根据前文的“Store shelves were emptying（商店的货架空了）”可知，Zachariah和他父亲买不到东西，买不到蔬菜，所以就在自家的地里种植蔬菜。故选A项。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：利用 YouTube上的视频和Zachariah的祖父传给他父亲的技术作为向导，他们开辟了一个菜园，最终在流行病期间养活了20户邻居。A. taken over接手；B. passed down传下来；C. handed in上交；D. worked out解决。根据上文“techniques”、“Zachariah’s grandfather”以及下文“a guide”等关键词，可知Zachariah应是借鉴YouTube上的相关视频以及祖父传给他父亲的技术，和他父亲开辟了一个菜园种菜。故选B项。
24．考查介词词义辨析。句意：利用 YouTube上的视频和Zachariah的祖父传给他父亲的技术作为向导，他们开辟了一个菜园，最终在流行病期间养活了20户邻居。A. under在……下面；B. with和……；C. as作为；D. without没有。根据上文“videos and techniques” 可知，视频和技术是提供指导作用的，作为向导的。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：利用 YouTube上的视频和Zachariah的祖父传给他父亲的技术作为向导，他们开辟了一个菜园，最终在流行病期间养活了20户邻居。A. stimulate刺激；B. motivate激励；C. clean 打扫；D. feed喂养、养活。根据上文“they began a garden”可知，Zachariah和父亲开辟了一个菜园种菜，说明设空处应是指种出来的菜可以养活20户邻居。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，喀拉拉邦的热带气候提供了充足的雨水和阳光，使得农民在收获季节之前不必再耕作。A. stores储存；B. provides提供；C. shifts转移； D. requires要求。根据上文“The tropical （热带的）climate of Kerala（Kerala的热带气候）”及下文“plenty of rain and sun（充足的雨水和阳光）”“making farming hands-off（让农民可以放手）”可知，喀拉拉邦的气候是热带气候，雨水和阳光是很充足的，说明这种气候应是可以提供足够的雨水和阳光，让农民不用太操心。故选B项。
27．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，喀拉拉邦的热带气候提供了充足的雨水和阳光，使得农民在收获季节之前不必再耕作。 A. for因为；B. while在……期间；C. until直到……；D. though尽管。根据上文“plenty of rain and sun（充足的雨水和阳光）”及“making farming hands-off（让农民可以放手）”可知，喀拉拉邦的气候提供了优良的生长条件，让农民不用操心太多。说明应该是直到该收获的时候农民才需要干预一下。故选C项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种自由的耕作方式与Zachariah对可持续发展农业日益增长的兴趣是一致的，可持续发展农业旨在促进与自然合作，而不是强迫土地服从人类的意志。A. interest兴趣；B. influence影响；C. patience耐心；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文倒数第二段“ Soon after returning to Dubai, he's decided to ___11___ careers, from serving the skies to ___12___ the soil.（回到迪拜后不久，他决定（转变）职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地）” “But this is what makes me ___13___ —helping others and being in nature.（但这就是让我开心的原因——帮助别人、融入大自然。）”可知，这种自由耕作的可持续发展农业应是让Zachariah产生兴趣，才会有下文讲到的他转行的决定以及收获到的快乐。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种自由的耕作方式与Zachariah对可持续发展农业日益增长的兴趣是一致的，可持续发展农业旨在促进与自然合作，而不是强迫土地服从人类的意志。A.passion激情； B.habit习惯； C.purpose目的； D.will意愿、意志。根据上文“promotes working with nature（促进与自然合作）”以及“ instead of”可知，“forcing the land to obey man's ___8___”与上文构成转折对比关系。由此可知，设空处应是指“违背人类的意愿”。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有意识到的是，一颗种子（指想法）已经播下，这颗种子最终会让他重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展。A. vegetable 蔬菜；B. tree树；C. seed种子；D. flower 花。根据下文“one that would eventually lead him to ___10___ his career in engineering and consider one in farming.（这会让他最终重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展）”可知，下文是对设空处的说明解释，说明设空处应是指“会让Zachariah最终重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展的种子（想法）”已经在他心中种下，生根发芽。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有意识到的是，一颗种子（指想法）已经播下，这颗种子最终会让他重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展。A. rethink 重新考虑；B. restore恢复；C. broaden使扩大；D. treasure珍爱。根据下文“consider one in farming”及“Soon after returning to Dubai, he's decided to ___11___ careers, from serving the skies to ___12___ the soil.（回到迪拜后不久，他决定转变职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地）”可知，Zachariah回到迪拜后不久就决定转变职业，由此可推出设空处应是指重新考虑职业生涯。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到迪拜后不久，他决定转变职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地。A. improve提高；B. choose选择；C. distinguish区分； D. switch转变。根据上文“one that would eventually lead him to ___10___ his career in engineering and consider one in farming（这会让他最终重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展）”可知，Zachariah重新考虑了他的职业，说明设空处应是指转变、改变职业。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到迪拜后不久，他决定转变职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地。A. working工作；B. loosening放松；C. researching研究；D. watering浇水。根据上文“one that would eventually lead him to ___10___ his career in engineering and consider one in farming”可知，Zachariah考虑在农业领域发展，所以应是指从为天空服务转为在田间工作。故选A项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这就是让我开心的原因——帮助别人、融入大自然。A. healthy健康的；B. wealthy富裕的；C. happy开心的；D. confident有信心的。根据上文“It's a big change for me.（这对我来说是个很大的改变）”以及“But”可知，设空处与上文构成转折关系，说明虽然这对于Zachariah来说是个很大的转变，但却是让他开心的。故选C项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一起劳作的时间也拉近了Zachariah和他父亲的距离。A. richer更有钱；B. closer更亲密；C. busier更忙碌；D. stronger更强壮。根据上文“The time they've spent together（他们一起度过的时光）”，以及下文“We started bonding（我们开始建立感情）”，可知Zachariah和父亲开始建立感情，他们之间的关系应是更好了，更亲密了。故选B项。
36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开始建立感情，“我想这就是为什么我喜欢园艺（种植农作物）”，Zachariah说。A. figured out解决；B. put off推迟；C. ran across偶然遇见；D. got into陷入、迷恋。根据上文倒数第二段“But this is what makes me ___13___ —helping others and being in nature.（但这就是让我开心的原因——帮助别人、融入大自然）”以及下文“We started bonding（我们开始建立感情）”可知，Zachariah通过与父亲种菜让自己开心，同时还拉近了与父亲的关系。说明他应是喜欢园艺（种植农作物）的，他爱上了园艺。故选D项。
37．H 38．D 39．E 40．C 41．F 42．A 43．K 44．G 45．J 46．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了经常喝咖啡、茶和白酒的人肠道里有更健康和更多的微生物，这对人们的健康是有益的。
37．考查固定短语。句意：科学家们给那些喜欢咖啡、茶和葡萄酒的人带来了一些好消息：饮用这些饮料中的任何一种，都与肠道内生活着更健康、更多样化的微生物群落有关。根据句意“与……相关”可知，此处是固定短语be associated with，空处需填associated。故选H。
38．考查形容词。句意：研究人员在《科学》(Science)杂志上报告称，摄入含糖饮料和全脂牛奶、摄入大量碳水化合物和经常吃零食的情况则正好相反。根据句意“经常的”可知，应填形容词frequent作定语，修饰名词snacks。故选D。
39．考查动词。句意：该研究的第一作者亚历山德拉·热尔纳科娃博士在一份声明中说:“我们总共发现了60个与食物有关的影响多样性的因素。”根据句意“影响”可知，此处为动词influence，that引导的定语从句缺少谓语，主语that，指代factors，谓语动词使用复数形式，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时。故选E。
40．考查形容词。句意：你的微生物群是生活在你体内的有益细菌、真菌和病毒的社区。根据句意“有益的”可知，应填形容词beneficial作定语，修饰名词bacteria。故填beneficial。
故选C。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些微生物帮助你处理食物，调节你的免疫系统。根据句意“处理”可知，此处为动词process，help sb. do sth.为固定用法，意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处需填动词原形。故选F。
42．考查名词。句意：专家认为，一个人的微生物群落的组成也可能在情绪紊乱和其他疾病中发挥作用。根据句意“紊乱”可知，此处为名词disorder，结合“diseases”可知，此处需用名词复数形式作宾语。故选A。
43．考查副词。句意：但对微生物群的研究相对较新，科学家们仍在研究健康的微生物群到底是什么样子。根据句意“相对地”可知，应填副词relatively作状语修饰形容词new。故选K。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：在分析了样本并将其与其他收集到的数据进行比较后，科学家们发现，食用水果、蔬菜和酸奶对肠道微生物多样性有积极的影响。根据句意“收集”可知，此处为动词collect，“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，other data和collect为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故选G。
45．考查副词。句意同上。根据句意“积极地”可知，此处应填副词positively修饰动词influenced。故选J。
46．考查名词。句意：“越来越清楚的是，肠道微生物群可以作为一种指纹，捕捉有关宿主健康的各种信号，”热纳科沃说。根据句意“信号”可知，应填名词signal作宾语，all kinds of后面需加可数名词复数形式。故选B。
47．genuine
【解析】考查形容词。句意：不要再游荡了，因为她真的很想帮助我们！根据句意和汉语提示可知，此处应用形容词genuine，修饰名词desire，作定语。故填genuine。
48．sculpture
【解析】考查名词。句意：他到一所艺术学校学习绘画和雕塑。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填入名词sculpture作宾语，句中指一种艺术形式，抽象概念，不可数名词。故填sculpture。
49．Delicate
【解析】考查形容词。句意：冬天娇弱的植物需要放在温室里。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应使用形容词delicate作定语修饰名词plants，意为“娇弱的”，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Delicate。
50．invested
【解析】考查动词。句意：他把毕生积蓄投资在女儿的生意上。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意，故填invested。
51．drug
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们将不得不应对更高比例的精神疾病、药物滥用和其他各种问题。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用名词drug，修饰名词abuse，作定语。故填drug。
52．complicated
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个游戏的规则太复杂了，三言两语说不清楚。根据汉语提示可知是形容词complicated，作表语，故填complicated。
53．dimension
【解析】考查名词。句意：微小的善举是值得的，因为它们为人们的生活增添了新的维度。根据汉语提示可知是名词dimension，作宾语，空前的不定冠词a表明用单数，故填dimension。
54．stimulate
【解析】考查动词。句意：此外，这些活动可以激发他们的想象力和他们对计算机科学的兴趣。根据汉语提示“刺激”，可知应填动词stimulate，作谓语，can后跟动词原形。故填stimulate。
55．abandon
【解析】考查不定式。句意：暴风雨越来越大了。最后，我被迫弃车继续步行。表示“放弃”为动词abandon。be obliged to do sth.“被迫做某事”，to是不定式符号，所以填原形。故填abandon。
56．permanent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：吸烟能对你的健康造成永久的伤害。分析句子可知，空处缺少形容词作定语修饰damage，表示“永久的”译为：permanent。故填：permanent。
57．1. habit→habits
2. take→taking
3. 删除the
4. worrying→worried
5. determine→determined
6. active→actively
7. about→of
8. myself→me
9. 在valuable前加more
10. but→and
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者改掉不好的生活习惯，养成良好的生活习惯的过程。
【解析】1.考查名词。句意：在过去，我发现一些不健康的生活习惯，如吃垃圾食品，熬夜和很少锻炼。分析句子可知，句中“habit”意为“习惯”，为可数名词，根据句中“some”可知，句中应用habit的复数形式habits。故将habit改为habits。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去，我发现一些不健康的生活习惯，如吃垃圾食品，熬夜和很少锻炼。分析句子可知，句中“like”意为“比如”，介词词性，表示列举，后面应接动名词作宾语，take的动名词形式为taking。故将take改为taking。
3.考查固定短语。句意：结果，我开始发胖，经常生病。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“put on weight”意为“增加体重，长胖”，故句中the多余。故将the删除。
4.考查固定短语。句意：幸运的是，我开始担心不健康的生活习惯所带来的危害。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“become worried about…”意为“为……而担心”，句中指“为不健康的生活习惯所带来的危害而担心”。故将worrying改为worried。
5.考查时态。句意：为了保持健康，我决定养成健康的生活方式。根据句意和文中“In the past”可知，句子讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，determine意为“决定”，动词词性，过去式为determined。故将determine改为determined。
6.考查副词。句意：其次，我每天都积极锻炼。分析句子可知，句中“took exercise”意为“锻炼”，为动词短语，应用副词修饰，active意为“积极的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为actively，意为“积极地”。故将active改为actively。
7.考查固定短语。句意：最后，我养成了早睡早起的习惯，这有助于我在两个月后迅速康复。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“develop the habit of doing sth.”意为“养成......的习惯”，句中指“早睡早起的习惯”。故将about改为of。
8.考查代词。句意：最后，我养成了早睡早起的习惯，这有助于我在两个月后迅速康复。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“help sb. (to) do sth.”意为“帮助某人做某事”，help为动词，后应接人称代词宾格，myself意为“我自己”，为反身代词，不符合句意，me意为“我”，为人称代词宾格。故将myself改为me。
9.考查形容词比较级。句意：健康比财富更有价值。让我们远离坏习惯，健康地生活。根据句意和句中“than”可知，句子应用比较级，表示“健康比财富更有价值”，valuable意为“有价值的”，形容词词性，在句中作表语，比较级为“more valuable”。故在valuable前加more。
10.考查连词。句意：健康比财富更有价值。让我们远离坏习惯，健康地生活。根据句意可知，句中“远离坏习惯”和“健康地生活”都是作者对我们的建议，为并列关系，but意为“但是”，表转折，不符合语境，应用and，意为“和，而且”，连词词性，表并列。故将but改为and。
58． Should We Help Strangers?
Recently our class had a discussion about whether we should help strangers. Different students have different opinions.
Some think we should try to help strangers. Helping others is a virtue, and helping others is helping ourselves. We may come across some trouble and need others’ help some day. If everyone isn’t willing to help us just because we are strangers to them, it’s hard to imagine what our world will be like.
However, some are afraid that helping others can sometimes bring us trouble. Sometimes we are just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness.
In my opinion, we should try our best to help others when they are in need of help, but we should also protect ourselves from getting into trouble. If everyone tries a little kindness, our world will be full of love.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文。要求考生描述表格中的相关信息，并谈谈自己对“是否应该帮助陌生人”的看法。
【解析】1.词汇积累
遇到（问题、困难等）：come across→run into
误解：misunderstand→misread
在我看来：in my opinion→in my view
保护某人免受……：protect sb. from doing sth.→defend sb. from doing sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Sometimes we are just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness.
拓展句：Sometimes we are just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness, which makes us afraid.
乌鲁木齐市第三十一中学 2022-2023学年高二下学期
期中考试 英语试题
总分150分 考试时间120分钟 （人教2019版选择性必修三）
一、阅读理解（共30分）
Singer Liu Genghong is enjoying great popularity recently after posting online fitness videos on TikTok. In the videos, he often works out to the fast-paced music of his friend JayChou. Now his TikTok account has rocketed to 55 million fans and 53 million likes, inspiring people’s interest in indoor exercise.
According to Pu Zhengning, a professor of Southeast University in Nanjing, the COVID-19 has limited access to gyms and fitness centers, so simple aerobic (有氧的) exercises that do not need equipment are perfect for people to perform at home. And that is exactly the demand that Liu has come up on his social media platforms.
Since the COVID-19 broke out, the increasing downloads of fitness apps indicates the growing popularity of online fitness. The number of fitness videos on the platform in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers were up by 208 percent.
Wei Fang, a student at Shandong Normal University, is one of Liu’s fans. “My major requires me to sit for a long time,” she said. “So how could I refuse a star singer as a personal trainer? Besides, when watching the live stream, I feel like I’m taking exercise with friends, which encourages me to keep going,” added Wei, who claims to have lost 3.5 kilograms in just seven days and also have a more positive mood.
According to the 2022 Sports and Fitness Consumption Trend Report, the sales of yoga and dance products have achieved fast growth since March. Along with social media plat-forms, China’s sports governing body launched online games on April 28. Ding Dong, an official with the General Administration of Sport, said: “The aim of the games is to inspire the mass enthusiasm for fitness.”
Now it seems that “cloud fitness” offers a great choice to gym memberships. In the past, aerobic exercises on TV were popular, and now it’s even easier to follow along and learn from instructors on short-video platforms.
1．Why does Liu Genghong become popular online recently?
A．People love his online fitness videos.
B．He dances to the fast-paced music of Jay Chou.
C．The gyms and fitness centers are too expensive.
D．People are interested in taking exercise in the gym.
2．What can we learn about Wei Fang?
A．She dislikes a star singer as a personal trainer.
B．She often works out with Liu to lose weight.
C．She refuses to exercise together with friends.
D．She benefits physically and mentally from exercise.
3．What does the 2022 Sports and Fitness Consumption Trend Report indicate?
A．The mass enthusiasm for fitness needs improving.
B．Online sports games have appeared on the market.
C．More and more people take part in aerobic exercises.
D．Yoga and dance on TikTok are developing together.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Come to Exercise with Trainer Liu
B．The Followers of Fitness Instructors
C．Downloads of Various Fitness Apps
D．Go to Post Cloud Fitness Short Videos
The tornadoes that recently struck the U.S. are some of the most destructive and deadly in history. The death in Kentucky, the hardest hit state, reached 80 on Monday, with dozens still unaccounted for. The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes so late in the year — most tornadoes occur in the spring and summer — is fueling discussion about how climate change may have influenced this deadly disaster.
“In my 40 years as a meteorologist (气象学家), this was one of the most shocking weather events I’ve ever witnessed,” says Jeff Masters, at Yale Climate Connections. “Watching these storms on Friday night, my thought was, ‘Is no season safe?’ Extreme tornadoes in December. That was mind blowing to me.”
Unlike heat waves and floods, the link between a wanning world and tornadoes is complex and uncertain. Scientists have several theories about how tornado behavior may change. Tornadoes in December are possible. But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency of tornadoes.
According to NOAA’s data, there has been a recorded increase in the number of observed tornadoes since 1950, which experts believe is largely due to better technology such as Doppler radar. There’s been no observed increase in the frequency of major tornadoes over time. For example, 59 of the most severe F5 tornadoes in the U.S. have occurred since 1950. But if the storm that destroyed Kentucky turns out to have been an F5, it will have been the first since 2013 — bringing to an end the longest recorded period so far.
Nevertheless, “given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere, it makes sense that it should be having an impact on tornadoes too,” says Victor Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Northern Illinois University. “Instead of asking: ‘Did climate change cause this tornado?’ It’s better to operate under the assumption that climate change did play a role,” he says.
While the science on climate change and tornadoes isn’t clear, meteorologists are predicting that conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month. “I’m worried about the rest of the year to be honest. I don’t think we’re out of the woods yet.” Gensini says.
5．What is one difference between the recent tornadoes and the ones in the past?
A．They hit only Kentucky. B．They happened in December.
C．They caused no deaths. D．They caught people unprepared.
6．What can be inferred in paragraph 3?
A．Waves and floods often follow tornadoes.
B．There is an agreement on how tornadoes may change.
C．Climate change will make tornadoes the most deadly disaster.
D．Scientists are unsure about how climate change influences tornadoes.
7．Which statement may Victor Gensini agree with?
A．The climate change most likely has an effect on tornadoes.
B．The tornadoes have nothing to do with climate warming.
C．The science on climate change is advancing very quickly.
D．The climate change will make tornadoes much less frequent.
8．What does the underlined phrase “out of the woods” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Out of forest. B．Out of difficulty.
C．Out of danger. D．Out of question.
More than half of the food produced in Canada goes to waste. A shocking new study has shown that the level of food waste is far worse than previously thought, at 58%. Of that, about 85% of food waste is due to food processors. This differs from earlier studies, which criticized families for driving food waste and said they were responsible for 51% of food waste.
The study was carried out by Martin Hooch, the leading expert on food waste and the author of several previous studies on the subject. Reflecting on the study’s findings, Hooch said, “It means stopping criticizing consumers. Sure, consumers are part of the problem, but they’re not the problem.”
In the past, Hooch didn't master good data, particularly from the private factories, but relied on numbers collected by the food industry for purposes other than tracking(追踪) waste. This time, however, Hooch worked directly with companies at all stages along the food production chain and interviewed over 700 experts in the industry. Clearly he found it hard to believe what he was seeing.
This is what they found: Food processing causes 34% of food waste. This is followed by production, which causes 24%. Next is manufacturing at 13%, then hotels and restaurants at 9%. Families cause only 14%, and market sales 6%. This should be a serious wake-up call for Canadians who would do well to examine their own food supply chains. Food waste is costly, not only in terms of dollars wasted, but also in resources like land, water, and so on. To be using these resources and wasting the product is totally irresponsible and unnecessary.
To make matters worse, when food is thrown into rubbish cans, it produces methane, a greenhouse gas 30 times more powerful than carbon dioxide (CO2). At Canada’s rate of food waste, that's like adding 12 million cars to the road. It seems that the food industry needs redesigning. Therefore, let’s hope the government takes action.
9．What did earlier studies say about food waste in Canada?
A．Food waste was better than expected.
B．Food went bad when it was processed.
C．Most of the food was wasted on purpose.
D．Families were to blame for food waste.
10．How did Hooch do his study on food waste this time?
A．By studying data from the industry.
B．By tracking the whole production chain.
C．By collecting advice from experts worldwide.
D．By drawing a conclusion from the previous studies.
11．Why does food waste have an effect on the environment?
A．Because it is harmful to the trees.
B．Because it pollutes the soil around it.
C．Because it gives off unpleasant smells.
D．Because it produces more greenhouse gas.
12．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Canadians don’t like to save food for future.
B．More than half of the food is wasted in Canada.
C．Families are mainly responsible for food waste.
D．The food industry is better redesigned in Canada.
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
13．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
14．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
15．What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Debt
B．Reward.
C．Allowance.
D．Face value.
16．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
二、七选五（共10分）
Carbon dioxide is released when oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy—the energy we use to power our homes, cars, and smartphones. By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money.____17____.
Buy energy-efficient appliances
Since they were first set in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That's about the same amount as the yearly carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances, look for the Energy Star label.____18____.
Reduce water waste
Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water.____19____. Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. And switch to water-efficient equipment. If one out of every 100 American homes did this, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved, avoiding 80,000 tons of global warming pollution.
____20____
Gas-smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025's clean car standards, which means averaging 54.5 miles per gallon, they'll be a mainstay. For good reason: Compared with the 2011 standards, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the gas station each year and cut their emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel-economy performance.
Rethink planes, trains, and cars
Choosing to live in walkable smart-growth cities and towns with quality public transportation leads to less driving, less money spent on fuel, and less pollution in the air.
____21____. Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.
A．So take shorter showers
B．Drive a fuel-efficient car
C．Cut down on your water consumption completely
D．It will tell you which are the most efficient
E．Change only happens when individuals take action
F．Less frequent flying can make a big difference, too
G．Here are some effective ways each one of us can make a difference
三、完形填空（共30分）
A 22-year-old aircraft maintenance engineer living in Dubai, Zachariah was visiting the southwest India state of Kerala for a family wedding when a lockdown was declared. Store shelves were emptying, and hence Zachariah and his father ___22___ vegetables on their family's plot of land.
Using YouTube videos and techniques Zachariah's grandfather had ___23___ to his father ___24___ a guide, they began a garden that finally helped ___25___20 neighboring households during the pandemic （流行病）.
The tropical （热带的）climate of Kerala, he said, ___26___ plenty of rain and sun, making farming hands-off ___27___ it's time to harvest. That free style of farming is in line with Zachariah's growing ___28___ in sustainable agriculture, a movement that promotes working with nature instead of forcing the land to obey man's ___29___
What he didn't realize was that a ___30___ had been planted, one that would eventually lead him to ____31____ his career in engineering and consider one in farming. Soon after returning to Dubai, he's decided to ____32____ careers, from serving the skies to ____33____ the soil. " It's a big change for me. But this is what makes me ____34____ —helping others and being in nature. "
The time they've spent together has also helped bring Zachariah and his father ____35____. “We started bonding and I think that's why I ____36____ gardening," Zachariah said.
22．A．planted B．gathered C．consumed D．delivered
23．A．taken over B．passed down C．handed in D．worked out
24．A．under B．with C．as D．without
25．A．stimulate B．motivate C．clean D．feed
26．A．stores B．provides C．shifts D．requires
27．A．for B．while C．until D．though
28．A．interest B．influence C．patience D．doubt
29．A．passion B．habit C．purpose D．will
30．A．vegetable B．tree C．seed D．flower
31．A．rethink B．restore C．broaden D．treasure
32．A．improve B．choose C．distinguish D．switch
33．A．working B．loosening C．researching D．watering
34．A．healthy B．wealthy C．happy D．confident
35．A．richer B．closer C．busier D．stronger
36．A．figured out B．put off C．ran across D．got into
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文（共10分）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．disorders B．signals C．beneficial D．frequent E. influence F. process
G. collected H. associated I. estimated J. positively K. relatively
Scientists have some great news for those who love coffee, tea and wine: Having any of these drinks is ____37____ with a healthier and more diverse (多样性) community of microbes (微生物) living in the gut (肠道). The opposite is true for consuming sugary drinks and whole milk, as well as for eating a lot of carbohydrates and taking ____38____ snacks, researchers reported in the journal Science.
"In total we found 60 food-related factors that ____39____ diversity," Dr. Alexandra Zhernakova, the first author of the study, said in a statement. Your microbiome is the community of mostly ____40____ bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on and in your body. These microscopic organisms help you ____41____ food and regulate your immune system (免疫系统). Experts believe that the make-up of a person's microbial community can also play a role in mood ____42____ and other diseases.
But the study of the microbiome is ____43____ new, and scientists are still working out exactly what a healthy microbiome looks like.
After analyzing samples and comparing them with other data ____44____, the scientists found that consuming fruits, vegetables and yogurt ____45____ influenced microbial diversity in the gut. So did drinking tea, wine, coffee and buttermilk.
"It is becoming more and more clear that the gut microbiome serves as a sort of fingerprint that captures all kinds of _____46_____ about host health," Zhernakoval said.
五、根据汉语意思填写单词（共5分）
47．Don’t wander any longer, for she has a ______ (真正的) desire to help us! （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48．He went to an art school to study painting and ________ (雕刻). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
49．________ (娇弱的) plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during the winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
50．He___________his life savings in his daughter’s business. （投资）(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51．We will have to deal with higher rates of mental illness, _________(药物) abuse and every other kind of problem. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52．The rules of the game are too ________ (复杂的、难懂的)to explain in a few words. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
53．Tiny acts of goodwill are worthwhile because they add a new ________(方面、维度) to people’s lives. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
54．Moreover, these activities can ________their imagination and their interest in computer science.(刺激) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55．The storm got worse and worse. Finally, I was obliged to________(放弃) the car and continue on foot. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
56．Smoking can cause ________ (永久的) damage to your health. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
六、短文改错（共10分）
57．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
In the past, I found some unhealthy living habit, like eating junk food, staying up and take little exercise. As a result, I began to put on the weight and often became ill. Luckily, I became worrying about the harm caused by unhealthy living habits. To keep fit, I determine to form a healthy lifestyle. Firstly, I began to have a balanced diet. Secondly, I took exercise active every day. Lastly, I developed the habit about going to bed early and getting up early, which helped myself recover quickly after two months.
Health is valuable than wealth. Let’s keep away from bad habits but live healthily.
七、作文（共25分）
58．最近，你们班就“是否应该帮助陌生人”展开了讨论，同学们就这一话题意见不一，你的看法如何？根据所提供的信息，以“Should We Help Strangers?”为题，写一篇短文。
原因
赞成
帮助他人是美德；
帮助他人就是帮助自己；
反对
怕陷入麻烦；
怕被误解；
你的观点？（至少两点）
注意：
1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2.必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；
3.词数：100左右（正文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4.不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
参考词汇：美德virtueShould We Help Strangers?
Recently our class had a discussion about whether we should help strangers. Different students have different opinions.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
英语期中考试 答案解析：
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了由于新冠疫情，歌手刘畊宏的健身视频走红，在线健身越来越受欢迎。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Singer Liu Genghong is enjoying great popularity recently after posting online fitness videos on TikTok.(歌手刘畊宏最近在TikTok上发布了在线健身视频，深受欢迎)”可知，刘畊宏最近在网上走红是因为人们喜欢他的在线健身视频。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘So how could I refuse a star singer as a personal trainer? Besides, when watching the live stream, I feel like I’m taking exercise with friends, which encourages me to keep going,’ added Wei, who claims to have lost 3.5 kilograms in just seven days and also have a more positive mood.(‘所以我怎么能拒绝明星歌手做私人教练呢？此外，在看直播的时候，我感觉自己是在和朋友们一起锻炼，这鼓励了我坚持下去。’魏说，她声称自己在短短7天内减掉了3.5公斤，而且心情也更积极)”可知，锻炼使Wei Fang身心受益，故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“According to the 2022 Sports and Fitness Consumption Trend Report, the sales of yoga and dance products have achieved fast growth since March.(根据《2022年体育与健身消费趋势报告》，自3月以来，瑜伽和舞蹈产品的销售实现了快速增长)”可知，瑜伽和舞蹈产品的销售快速增长，说明越来越多的人参加有氧运动。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now his TikTok account has rocketed to 55 million fans and 53 million likes, inspiring people’s interest in indoor exercise.(现在他的TikTok账号已经飙升到5500万粉丝和5300万赞，激发了人们对室内锻炼的兴趣)”可知，文章主要讲述由于新冠疫情，歌手刘畊宏的健身视频走红，在线健身越来越受欢迎。A项 “来和刘教练一起锻炼吧”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国最近遭受了历史上最具破坏性和致命性的龙卷风的袭击，专家认为美国近年来频发的龙卷风可能与气候变化相关。
5．细节理解题。由第一段中的“The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes so late in the year — most tornadoes occur in the spring and summer (今年晚些时候龙卷风的破坏规模和发生时间——大多数龙卷风发生在春季和夏季)”和第二段中的“‘Watching these storms on Friday night, my thought was, ‘Is no season safe?’ Extreme tornadoes in December. That was mind blowing to me.’(“周五晚上看到这些风暴，我的想法是，‘没有季节安全吗？’12月的极端龙卷风。这让我大吃一惊。”)”可知，过去龙卷风发生在春季和夏季，而最近的龙卷风发生在12月。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。由第三段中的“Scientists have several theories about how tornado behavior may change. (科学家们对龙卷风轨迹可能如何改变有几种理论)”和“But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency of tornadoes. (但气候变化是否会加强或增加龙卷风的频率还有待观察)”可得出，科学家对龙卷风轨迹怎样变化没有定论，不确定气候变化如何影响龙卷风。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Nevertheless, “given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere, it makes sense that it should be having an impact on tornadoes too,” says Victor Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Northern Illinois University. “Instead of asking: ‘Did climate change cause this tornado?’ It’s better to operate under the assumption that climate change did play a role,” he says. (然而，北伊利诺伊大学极端天气专家维克多·根西尼说，“考虑到全球变暖对大气的普遍影响，全球变暖也应该对龙卷风产生影响是有道理的。”“与其问：‘气候变化导致了这次龙卷风吗？’不如假设气候变化确实起了作用，”他说)”可知， Victor Gensini认为气候变化很可能对龙卷风产生影响。故选A项。
8．词句猜测题。由最后一段“While the science on climate change and tornadoes isn’t clear, meteorologists are predicting that conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month. “I’m worried about the rest of the year to be honest. I don’t think we’re out of the woods yet.” Gensini says. (虽然气候变化和龙卷风的科学研究尚不清楚，但气象学家预测，本月有利于龙卷风的条件将继续存在。“老实说，我担心今年剩下的时间。我认为我们还未out of the woods。”根西尼说)”可知，本月可能还会发生龙卷风，Gensini很担心，觉得人们还未摆脱龙卷风的危险，out of the woods在此处意为“out of danger (脱离危险)”。故选C项。
9．D 10．B 11．D 12．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了加拿大生产的食物中有一半以上是浪费的，科学家们研究了废弃物的来源和对环境造成的影响，作者想借此文章呼吁政府行动起来保护环境。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 This differs from earlier studies, which criticized families for driving food waste and said they were responsible for 51% of food waste.可知，这与早期的研究不同，早期的研究批评家庭造成了食物浪费，并说他们对51%的食物浪费负有责任。由此可知，早些时候的研究表明，加拿大家庭的食物浪费是造成食物浪费的罪魁祸首。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段This time, however, Hooch worked directly with companies at all stages along the food production chain and interviewed over 700 experts in the industry. 可知，这次，Hooch直接与食品生产链各个阶段的公司合作，并采访了该行业的700多位专家。由此可知，Hooch这次通过跟踪整个生产链来研究食物浪费。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段To make matters worse, when food is thrown into rubbish cans, it produces methane, a greenhouse gas 30 times more powerful than carbon dioxide (CO2).可知，将食物扔进垃圾桶后，它会产生甲烷，这种温室气体的强度比二氧化碳（CO2）高30倍。由此可推知，因为食物废弃物能产生更多的温室气体，这对环境带来影响。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并结合第一段第一句More than half of the food produced in Canada goes to waste.可知，本文主要讲述了加拿大生产的食物中有一半以上被浪费了。结合选项可知，选项B符合题意。故选B。
13．D 14．B 15．B 16．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
15．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
17．G 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．F
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以减少碳排放的有效方法。
17．根据上文“Carbon dioxide is released when oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy—the energy we use to power our homes, cars, and smartphones. By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money.(当石油、煤炭和其他化石燃料燃烧为能源时，二氧化碳就会被释放出来——这些能源是我们用来为房屋、汽车和智能手机提供动力的。通过使用更少的碳，我们可以限制自己对气候变化的贡献，同时也节省了资金)”结合后文主要提出了一些可以减少碳排放的方法，故G选项“这里有一些我们每个人都能有所作为的有效方法”符合语境，故选G。
18．根据上文“Since they were first set in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That's about the same amount as the yearly carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances, look for the Energy Star label.(自1987年首次制定能效标准以来，数十种电器和产品的能效标准已经使空气中减少了23亿吨二氧化碳。这相当于近4.4亿辆汽车每年产生的碳污染。在购买冰箱、洗衣机和其他电器时，寻找有“能源之星”标签的商品)”可知，上文提到在购买冰箱、洗衣机和其他电器时，寻找有“能源之星”标签的商品，故本句承接上文继续说明原因：“能源之星”标签会告诉你哪些电器是效率最高的。D选项中It指代上文the Energy Star label。故D选项“它会告诉你哪些是效率最高的”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据上文“Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water.(节约用水也减少了碳污染。这是因为它需要大量的能量来抽取、加热和处理你的水)”以及后文“Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. And switch to water-efficient equipment. If one out of every 100 American homes did this, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved, avoiding 80,000 tons of global warming pollution.(刷牙时关掉水龙头。转而使用节水设备。如果每100个美国家庭中就有一个这样做，每年将节省大约1亿千瓦时的电力，避免8万吨全球变暖污染)”可知，本段的建议是节约用水，且本句与后文并列，都是在举例说明生活中节约用水的具体例子，故A选项“所以淋浴时间短一些”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据本段内容“Gas-smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025's clean car standards, which means averaging 54.5 miles per gallon, they'll be a mainstay. For good reason: Compared with the 2011 standards, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the gas station each year and cut their emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel-economy performance.(汽油智能汽车，比如混合动力车和全电动汽车，既省油又省钱。一旦所有轿车和轻型卡车达到2025年的清洁汽车标准，即平均每加仑54.5英里，它们将成为主流。理由很充分：与2011年的标准相比，美国人每年在加油站的花费将减少800亿美元，排放量将减少一半。在你买一套新轮胎之前，比较一下燃油经济性)”可知，本段的建议是驾驶省油型汽车。故B选项“开省油的车”符合语境，故选B。
21．根据后文“Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.(航空运输是气候污染的一个主要来源。如果你可以坐火车，那就这样做吧)”可知，本段的建议是少乘坐飞机，故F选项“不经常乘飞机也会带来很大的不同”符合语境，故选F。
22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了飞机维修工程师Zachariah在流行病期间和父亲一起种植蔬菜，养活了20户邻居。这件事让Zachariah感到很开心，不仅帮助了别人还融入了自然，所以对可持续发展农业产生兴趣，并决定转行。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：商店的货架空了，因此Zachariah和他的父亲在自家的地里种植蔬菜。A. planted种植；B. gathered聚集；C. consumed消费；D. delivered递送。根据前文的“Store shelves were emptying（商店的货架空了）”可知，Zachariah和他父亲买不到东西，买不到蔬菜，所以就在自家的地里种植蔬菜。故选A项。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：利用 YouTube上的视频和Zachariah的祖父传给他父亲的技术作为向导，他们开辟了一个菜园，最终在流行病期间养活了20户邻居。A. taken over接手；B. passed down传下来；C. handed in上交；D. worked out解决。根据上文“techniques”、“Zachariah’s grandfather”以及下文“a guide”等关键词，可知Zachariah应是借鉴YouTube上的相关视频以及祖父传给他父亲的技术，和他父亲开辟了一个菜园种菜。故选B项。
24．考查介词词义辨析。句意：利用 YouTube上的视频和Zachariah的祖父传给他父亲的技术作为向导，他们开辟了一个菜园，最终在流行病期间养活了20户邻居。A. under在……下面；B. with和……；C. as作为；D. without没有。根据上文“videos and techniques” 可知，视频和技术是提供指导作用的，作为向导的。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：利用 YouTube上的视频和Zachariah的祖父传给他父亲的技术作为向导，他们开辟了一个菜园，最终在流行病期间养活了20户邻居。A. stimulate刺激；B. motivate激励；C. clean 打扫；D. feed喂养、养活。根据上文“they began a garden”可知，Zachariah和父亲开辟了一个菜园种菜，说明设空处应是指种出来的菜可以养活20户邻居。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，喀拉拉邦的热带气候提供了充足的雨水和阳光，使得农民在收获季节之前不必再耕作。A. stores储存；B. provides提供；C. shifts转移； D. requires要求。根据上文“The tropical （热带的）climate of Kerala（Kerala的热带气候）”及下文“plenty of rain and sun（充足的雨水和阳光）”“making farming hands-off（让农民可以放手）”可知，喀拉拉邦的气候是热带气候，雨水和阳光是很充足的，说明这种气候应是可以提供足够的雨水和阳光，让农民不用太操心。故选B项。
27．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，喀拉拉邦的热带气候提供了充足的雨水和阳光，使得农民在收获季节之前不必再耕作。 A. for因为；B. while在……期间；C. until直到……；D. though尽管。根据上文“plenty of rain and sun（充足的雨水和阳光）”及“making farming hands-off（让农民可以放手）”可知，喀拉拉邦的气候提供了优良的生长条件，让农民不用操心太多。说明应该是直到该收获的时候农民才需要干预一下。故选C项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种自由的耕作方式与Zachariah对可持续发展农业日益增长的兴趣是一致的，可持续发展农业旨在促进与自然合作，而不是强迫土地服从人类的意志。A. interest兴趣；B. influence影响；C. patience耐心；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文倒数第二段“ Soon after returning to Dubai, he's decided to ___11___ careers, from serving the skies to ___12___ the soil.（回到迪拜后不久，他决定（转变）职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地）” “But this is what makes me ___13___ —helping others and being in nature.（但这就是让我开心的原因——帮助别人、融入大自然。）”可知，这种自由耕作的可持续发展农业应是让Zachariah产生兴趣，才会有下文讲到的他转行的决定以及收获到的快乐。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种自由的耕作方式与Zachariah对可持续发展农业日益增长的兴趣是一致的，可持续发展农业旨在促进与自然合作，而不是强迫土地服从人类的意志。A.passion激情； B.habit习惯； C.purpose目的； D.will意愿、意志。根据上文“promotes working with nature（促进与自然合作）”以及“ instead of”可知，“forcing the land to obey man's ___8___”与上文构成转折对比关系。由此可知，设空处应是指“违背人类的意愿”。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有意识到的是，一颗种子（指想法）已经播下，这颗种子最终会让他重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展。A. vegetable 蔬菜；B. tree树；C. seed种子；D. flower 花。根据下文“one that would eventually lead him to ___10___ his career in engineering and consider one in farming.（这会让他最终重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展）”可知，下文是对设空处的说明解释，说明设空处应是指“会让Zachariah最终重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展的种子（想法）”已经在他心中种下，生根发芽。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有意识到的是，一颗种子（指想法）已经播下，这颗种子最终会让他重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展。A. rethink 重新考虑；B. restore恢复；C. broaden使扩大；D. treasure珍爱。根据下文“consider one in farming”及“Soon after returning to Dubai, he's decided to ___11___ careers, from serving the skies to ___12___ the soil.（回到迪拜后不久，他决定转变职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地）”可知，Zachariah回到迪拜后不久就决定转变职业，由此可推出设空处应是指重新考虑职业生涯。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到迪拜后不久，他决定转变职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地。A. improve提高；B. choose选择；C. distinguish区分； D. switch转变。根据上文“one that would eventually lead him to ___10___ his career in engineering and consider one in farming（这会让他最终重新思考他在工程领域的职业生涯，并考虑在农业领域发展）”可知，Zachariah重新考虑了他的职业，说明设空处应是指转变、改变职业。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到迪拜后不久，他决定转变职业，从为天空服务转为耕种土地。A. working工作；B. loosening放松；C. researching研究；D. watering浇水。根据上文“one that would eventually lead him to ___10___ his career in engineering and consider one in farming”可知，Zachariah考虑在农业领域发展，所以应是指从为天空服务转为在田间工作。故选A项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这就是让我开心的原因——帮助别人、融入大自然。A. healthy健康的；B. wealthy富裕的；C. happy开心的；D. confident有信心的。根据上文“It's a big change for me.（这对我来说是个很大的改变）”以及“But”可知，设空处与上文构成转折关系，说明虽然这对于Zachariah来说是个很大的转变，但却是让他开心的。故选C项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一起劳作的时间也拉近了Zachariah和他父亲的距离。A. richer更有钱；B. closer更亲密；C. busier更忙碌；D. stronger更强壮。根据上文“The time they've spent together（他们一起度过的时光）”，以及下文“We started bonding（我们开始建立感情）”，可知Zachariah和父亲开始建立感情，他们之间的关系应是更好了，更亲密了。故选B项。
36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开始建立感情，“我想这就是为什么我喜欢园艺（种植农作物）”，Zachariah说。A. figured out解决；B. put off推迟；C. ran across偶然遇见；D. got into陷入、迷恋。根据上文倒数第二段“But this is what makes me ___13___ —helping others and being in nature.（但这就是让我开心的原因——帮助别人、融入大自然）”以及下文“We started bonding（我们开始建立感情）”可知，Zachariah通过与父亲种菜让自己开心，同时还拉近了与父亲的关系。说明他应是喜欢园艺（种植农作物）的，他爱上了园艺。故选D项。
37．H 38．D 39．E 40．C 41．F 42．A 43．K 44．G 45．J 46．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了经常喝咖啡、茶和白酒的人肠道里有更健康和更多的微生物，这对人们的健康是有益的。
37．考查固定短语。句意：科学家们给那些喜欢咖啡、茶和葡萄酒的人带来了一些好消息：饮用这些饮料中的任何一种，都与肠道内生活着更健康、更多样化的微生物群落有关。根据句意“与……相关”可知，此处是固定短语be associated with，空处需填associated。故选H。
38．考查形容词。句意：研究人员在《科学》(Science)杂志上报告称，摄入含糖饮料和全脂牛奶、摄入大量碳水化合物和经常吃零食的情况则正好相反。根据句意“经常的”可知，应填形容词frequent作定语，修饰名词snacks。故选D。
39．考查动词。句意：该研究的第一作者亚历山德拉·热尔纳科娃博士在一份声明中说:“我们总共发现了60个与食物有关的影响多样性的因素。”根据句意“影响”可知，此处为动词influence，that引导的定语从句缺少谓语，主语that，指代factors，谓语动词使用复数形式，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时。故选E。
40．考查形容词。句意：你的微生物群是生活在你体内的有益细菌、真菌和病毒的社区。根据句意“有益的”可知，应填形容词beneficial作定语，修饰名词bacteria。故填beneficial。
故选C。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些微生物帮助你处理食物，调节你的免疫系统。根据句意“处理”可知，此处为动词process，help sb. do sth.为固定用法，意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处需填动词原形。故选F。
42．考查名词。句意：专家认为，一个人的微生物群落的组成也可能在情绪紊乱和其他疾病中发挥作用。根据句意“紊乱”可知，此处为名词disorder，结合“diseases”可知，此处需用名词复数形式作宾语。故选A。
43．考查副词。句意：但对微生物群的研究相对较新，科学家们仍在研究健康的微生物群到底是什么样子。根据句意“相对地”可知，应填副词relatively作状语修饰形容词new。故选K。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：在分析了样本并将其与其他收集到的数据进行比较后，科学家们发现，食用水果、蔬菜和酸奶对肠道微生物多样性有积极的影响。根据句意“收集”可知，此处为动词collect，“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，other data和collect为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故选G。
45．考查副词。句意同上。根据句意“积极地”可知，此处应填副词positively修饰动词influenced。故选J。
46．考查名词。句意：“越来越清楚的是，肠道微生物群可以作为一种指纹，捕捉有关宿主健康的各种信号，”热纳科沃说。根据句意“信号”可知，应填名词signal作宾语，all kinds of后面需加可数名词复数形式。故选B。
47．genuine
【解析】考查形容词。句意：不要再游荡了，因为她真的很想帮助我们！根据句意和汉语提示可知，此处应用形容词genuine，修饰名词desire，作定语。故填genuine。
48．sculpture
【解析】考查名词。句意：他到一所艺术学校学习绘画和雕塑。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填入名词sculpture作宾语，句中指一种艺术形式，抽象概念，不可数名词。故填sculpture。
49．Delicate
【解析】考查形容词。句意：冬天娇弱的植物需要放在温室里。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应使用形容词delicate作定语修饰名词plants，意为“娇弱的”，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Delicate。
50．invested
【解析】考查动词。句意：他把毕生积蓄投资在女儿的生意上。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意，故填invested。
51．drug
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们将不得不应对更高比例的精神疾病、药物滥用和其他各种问题。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用名词drug，修饰名词abuse，作定语。故填drug。
52．complicated
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个游戏的规则太复杂了，三言两语说不清楚。根据汉语提示可知是形容词complicated，作表语，故填complicated。
53．dimension
【解析】考查名词。句意：微小的善举是值得的，因为它们为人们的生活增添了新的维度。根据汉语提示可知是名词dimension，作宾语，空前的不定冠词a表明用单数，故填dimension。
54．stimulate
【解析】考查动词。句意：此外，这些活动可以激发他们的想象力和他们对计算机科学的兴趣。根据汉语提示“刺激”，可知应填动词stimulate，作谓语，can后跟动词原形。故填stimulate。
55．abandon
【解析】考查不定式。句意：暴风雨越来越大了。最后，我被迫弃车继续步行。表示“放弃”为动词abandon。be obliged to do sth.“被迫做某事”，to是不定式符号，所以填原形。故填abandon。
56．permanent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：吸烟能对你的健康造成永久的伤害。分析句子可知，空处缺少形容词作定语修饰damage，表示“永久的”译为：permanent。故填：permanent。
57．1. habit→habits
2. take→taking
3. 删除the
4. worrying→worried
5. determine→determined
6. active→actively
7. about→of
8. myself→me
9. 在valuable前加more
10. but→and
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者改掉不好的生活习惯，养成良好的生活习惯的过程。
【解析】1.考查名词。句意：在过去，我发现一些不健康的生活习惯，如吃垃圾食品，熬夜和很少锻炼。分析句子可知，句中“habit”意为“习惯”，为可数名词，根据句中“some”可知，句中应用habit的复数形式habits。故将habit改为habits。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去，我发现一些不健康的生活习惯，如吃垃圾食品，熬夜和很少锻炼。分析句子可知，句中“like”意为“比如”，介词词性，表示列举，后面应接动名词作宾语，take的动名词形式为taking。故将take改为taking。
3.考查固定短语。句意：结果，我开始发胖，经常生病。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“put on weight”意为“增加体重，长胖”，故句中the多余。故将the删除。
4.考查固定短语。句意：幸运的是，我开始担心不健康的生活习惯所带来的危害。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“become worried about…”意为“为……而担心”，句中指“为不健康的生活习惯所带来的危害而担心”。故将worrying改为worried。
5.考查时态。句意：为了保持健康，我决定养成健康的生活方式。根据句意和文中“In the past”可知，句子讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，determine意为“决定”，动词词性，过去式为determined。故将determine改为determined。
6.考查副词。句意：其次，我每天都积极锻炼。分析句子可知，句中“took exercise”意为“锻炼”，为动词短语，应用副词修饰，active意为“积极的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为actively，意为“积极地”。故将active改为actively。
7.考查固定短语。句意：最后，我养成了早睡早起的习惯，这有助于我在两个月后迅速康复。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“develop the habit of doing sth.”意为“养成......的习惯”，句中指“早睡早起的习惯”。故将about改为of。
8.考查代词。句意：最后，我养成了早睡早起的习惯，这有助于我在两个月后迅速康复。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“help sb. (to) do sth.”意为“帮助某人做某事”，help为动词，后应接人称代词宾格，myself意为“我自己”，为反身代词，不符合句意，me意为“我”，为人称代词宾格。故将myself改为me。
9.考查形容词比较级。句意：健康比财富更有价值。让我们远离坏习惯，健康地生活。根据句意和句中“than”可知，句子应用比较级，表示“健康比财富更有价值”，valuable意为“有价值的”，形容词词性，在句中作表语，比较级为“more valuable”。故在valuable前加more。
10.考查连词。句意：健康比财富更有价值。让我们远离坏习惯，健康地生活。根据句意可知，句中“远离坏习惯”和“健康地生活”都是作者对我们的建议，为并列关系，but意为“但是”，表转折，不符合语境，应用and，意为“和，而且”，连词词性，表并列。故将but改为and。
58． Should We Help Strangers?
Recently our class had a discussion about whether we should help strangers. Different students have different opinions.
Some think we should try to help strangers. Helping others is a virtue, and helping others is helping ourselves. We may come across some trouble and need others’ help some day. If everyone isn’t willing to help us just because we are strangers to them, it’s hard to imagine what our world will be like.
However, some are afraid that helping others can sometimes bring us trouble. Sometimes we are just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness.
In my opinion, we should try our best to help others when they are in need of help, but we should also protect ourselves from getting into trouble. If everyone tries a little kindness, our world will be full of love.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于夹叙夹议文。要求考生描述表格中的相关信息，并谈谈自己对“是否应该帮助陌生人”的看法。
【解析】1.词汇积累
遇到（问题、困难等）：come across→run into
误解：misunderstand→misread
在我看来：in my opinion→in my view
保护某人免受……：protect sb. from doing sth.→defend sb. from doing sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Sometimes we are just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness.
拓展句：Sometimes we are just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness, which makes us afraid.
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