语法专题05 主谓一致、谚语、情景交际-江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版）

这是一份语法专题05 主谓一致、谚语、情景交际-江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版），共16页。

语法专题05 主谓一致、谚语、情景交际

☞【考点介绍】
考点
分值
题型
出题方向
主谓一致
0-2分
单项选择
短文填空
主谓一致中就近原则（there be 结构和三组并列连词）
主谓一致中就远原则（as well as/together with/except等）
百分数、几分之几修饰主语的句子谓语动词要看主语部分的名词是否可数
时间、金钱、距离等概念作为句子的主语时要看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式
谚语
0-1分
单项选择
单词拼写
比较集中考察初二教材上的谚语
单词拼写中要注意谚语的第一个单词的首字母要大写
情景交际
1-2分
单项选择
判断情景问答句（尤其是回答感谢、道歉、请求帮助、问对方介不介意等情景）

☞【应试技巧】
一、主谓一致
主语后面带有as well as，like，but，except，besides，with，together with，along with，including，等词连接的名词，根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。
The professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.
当时教授和他的很多学生正在实验室做实验。

表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以用复数。
Twenty years is a long time.二十年是很长时间。
Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.步行两千米是一段很长的路程。

trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。
My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下那双鞋子是他的。

定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数
The young are mostly ambitious.年轻人多半有雄心。

就近一致原则：
(1)当两个主语由either...or...，neither...nor...，whether...or...，not only...but also...连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.或者老师或者学生是我们的朋友。
Is neither he nor they wholly right?他和他们都不全对吗？
(2)there be句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子一张桌子。

people，police等名词一般都用作复数。
The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。

动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式
To study English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。
What he said is very important for us all.他所说的对我们都很重要。

二、谚语
常见的谚语有：
Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
No pains, no gains.不劳无获。
Burn the candles at both ends.操劳过度。
The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。
Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。
Every dog has its day.人人都有得意日。
Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一掷。
The grass is always greener than the other side.这山看着那山高。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

三、情景交际
1
It’s a/ my pleasure.
“这是我的荣幸/不客气”，用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。(=My pleasure.)
With pleasure.
“我很乐意（帮你）”。表示同意对方的请求, 并且自己将付出行动。
2
Help yourself.
“自便!/ 自己来吧”。表示同意对方的请求,让对方行动。
Yes, please.
“请!”表示允许对方做请求之事。
Go ahead.
“请…”。表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事。
Go on.
“继续(在进行或谈论的事)! ”
Come on!
“来! ”“加油” ——鼓励对方来参与某事。
Hurry up.
“赶紧; 快点!”——催促对方快点行动。
3
Good luck.
“祝你好运”，是当对方参加某项活动，如考试、比赛时，向对方表达祝福。
Congratulations!
当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语.。
Have fun!
“玩得开心点！”表示允许对方去“吃喝玩乐”。
Best wishes
一般用于信的结尾处表示对对方的祝愿。
4
What’s (going) on?
“怎么了? 这里发生什么事了?”/“有什么节目?上演什么电影?” （询问情况）。
What’s for?
表目的和用途,一般翻译成 “为了什么？ 用来做什么; 干嘛?”
why: 表原因, 一般都要用because来回答。
What’s up?
“怎么了?”“有什么事吗?” What's up?口语中使用广泛，如有人叫住你或登门访问，
而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“what's up?” （有什么事？有何贵干？）年轻人
也常用“what's up?”来打招呼。
What if …
“= What will or would happen if...？如果(假如)...将会怎么样？”
So what?
“那又怎么样的?” (表示出“无所谓”的样子)
What is ...like?
“情况怎样”，多指天气或气候。”/ “像什么样，什么模样，怎样的” 指人或物。
What... look like?
“…外表如何?” (问外表长相)
Why not?
“干吗不？/为什么不呢?”, 表示同意对方的建议。
5
Never mind.
“没有关系，不要记在心上” 。用于回答歉意。但用Never mind.作答时有时可
表达说话人多少有点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。
Not at all.
1)用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。
2)用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话。意为“没什么；哪里哪里”。如：
A：You are very kind. 你真好。 B：Not at all. 没什么。
3)用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。
4)用来表示否定(是No的加强说法)，意为“一点也不：完全不”。如：
A：Are you busy? 你忙吗? B：Not at all.一点不忙。
Forget it!
1) “不必在意”“算了吧，忘了吧” 用来接受别人做错事的道歉。
2) “算了吧，想都别想” 用来拒绝对方你认为不合理的请求、建议等。
3) 表示对感谢的回答。
6
All right.
用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请，译为“好”、“行”，“可以”。
也可用于对别人的安慰，表示“没关系”、“不要紧”等意思。
That’s all right.
1)对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢；别客气”。=That's OK. / Not at all. / You're welcome。
2)对别人致歉时的回答，“没关系；不介意” =It doesn't matter.或Never mind.
3)在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑
情况，常说That's all right, 其含义是“可以；没有问题”。
That’s right.
“正确；对”，用于表示对某一事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。
Take it easy.
“慢点、放松些、沉住气，别紧张，慢慢来”表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。
Take your time.
“别着急，慢慢来”，表示允许对方“慢慢做, 不用着急啊”。
7
It’s up to you.
“你拿主意! 你决定! 你说了算!”
It (all) depends.
“这要看情况而定” 。
What a pity!
“真遗憾！多可惜！”用来感慨“伤心遗憾的往事，或面对眼前可望而不可及的事情”。
I’m sorry to hear that.
“听到这消息，我很难过。”用来同情或安慰对方。
8
Thank you.
感谢可用于得到别人的帮助、受到别人的赞赏、接受别人的礼物和祝愿以及谢绝
别人的好意等多种场合。
I’m glad you like it.
用来回答 “送礼后对方表示的感谢, 或吃饭后客人表示的感谢”。
I’m glad to hear that.
“听到这消息我很高兴。”用来向对方谈到的喜事表示祝贺。
9
Mind your own business!
“别管闲事!” (用来警告对方)
It’s none of your business.
“不关你事!”
10
Don’t mention it.
用来回答感谢和道歉：
—Thank you very much. —Don't mention it. 别客气。
—I'm sorry to have troubled you.
— Don't mention it.没关系。=Think nothing of it.)

☞【真题回顾】
【2022-盐城中考】14. — Mum, to lose weight, I’ll eat less and exercise more.
— You promised many times. Remember ________.
A. a miss is as good as a mile B. many hands make light work
C. the grass is always greener on the other side D. actions speak louder than words
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——妈妈，为了减肥，我要少吃多运动。——你保证过很多次了。记住，行胜于言。
考查习语。a miss is as good as a mile失之毫厘谬以千里；many hands make light work众人拾柴火焰高；the grass is always greener on the other side这山望着那山高；actions speak louder than words行胜于言。根据“You promised many times.”可知，光说不练是没用的，行胜于言。故选D。
【2022-盐城中考】15. —To live a green life, we should do something actively.
—________. Let’s start from now on.
A. Never mind B. I agree C. It doesn’t matter D. That’s all right
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——要过绿色生活，我们应该积极做一些事情。——我同意。让我们从现在开始。
考查情景交际。Never mind没关系；I agree我同意；It doesn’t matter没关系；That’s all right没关系。根据“To live a green life, we should do something actively”及“Let’s start from now on”可知，同意对方的观点，故选B。
【2022-淮安中考】10. —You’d better not eat too many sweets. It’s bad for your teeth.
—________. Maybe it’s time for me to change my eating habits.
A. I don’t think so B. Never mind
C. You’re welcome D. Thanks for your advice
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你最好不要吃太多的糖果。这对你的牙齿不好。——谢谢你的建议。也许是时候改变我的饮食习惯了。
考查情景交际。I don’t think so我不这么认为；Never mind没关系；You’re welcome不客气；Thanks for your advice谢谢你的建议。根据“You’d better not eat too many sweets. It’s bad for your teeth.”可知，对方给出好的建议，应表示感谢，故选D。
【2022-南通中考】15. Don’t stay up late to finish the design, or you may be tired out. Remember, ________.
A. no pain, no gain B. practice makes perfect
C. don’t burn the candle at both ends D. don’t put all your eggs in one basket
【答案】C
【解析】句意：不要熬夜完成设计，否则您可能会感到疲倦。 记住，不要过分透支体力。
考查习语。no pain, no gain没有付出就没有收获；practice makes perfect熟能生巧；don’t burn the candle at both ends蜡烛不要两头烧（不要过分透支体力）；don’t put all your eggs in one basket不要孤注一掷。根据“Don’t stay up late to finish the design, or you may be tired out.”可知，不要熬夜，不然会感到疲倦，也就是说不要过分透支体力。故选C。
【2022-扬州中考】15. —My pet dog died yesterday. I’m in a bad mood.
—________. I know how it feels.
A. Sorry to hear that B. That’s not the case C. Never mind D. It’s a pleasure
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我的宠物狗昨天死了。我的心情不好。——很抱歉听到这个消息。我知道那是什么感觉。
考查情景交际。Sorry to hear that很抱歉听到这个消息；That’s not the case事实并非如此；Never mind没关系；It’s a pleasure别客气。根据“My pet dog died yesterday. I’m in a bad mood”可知此处应对别人的不幸遭遇表示同情，选项A符合语境。故选A。
【2022-宿迁中考】15. Jack always gives his friends help when they need it, because he “ ________ ”.
A. It’s never too old to learn B. I never rains but it pours
C. Actions speak louder than words D. A friend in need is a friend
【答案】D
【解析】句意：杰克总是在朋友需要的时候给他们帮助，因为他“患难见真情”。
考查习语。It’s never too old to learn活到老，学到老；I never rains but it pours祸不单行；Actions speak louder than words事实胜于雄辩；A friend in need is a friend患难见真情；根据“Jack always gives his friends help when they need it”可知，在朋友需要帮助时提供帮助，可知用“患难见真情”符合，故选D。
【2022-宿迁中考】13. —Would you like to go to the youth centre with me tomorrow?
— ________ I can’t wait for the robot show there.
A. Yes, that’s right. B. Sure, I’d love to.
C. Of course not. D. Not at all.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你明天愿意和我一起去青年中心吗？——当然，我愿意。我等不及看那里的机器人表演了。考查情景交际。Yes, that’s right是的，那是对的；Sure, I’d love to是的，我愿意；Of course not当然不；Not at all一点也不。根据“I can’t wait for the robot show there”可知此处是接受别人的邀请，选项B符合语境。故选B。
【2022-连云港中考】14. Keep practising, and you 'll be an excellent football player. .
A. No pain, no gain B. A friend in need is a friend indeed
C. It never rains but it pours D. When in Rome, do as the Romans do
【答案】A
【解析】考查谚语辨析。这句话的意思是“坚持尝试，然后你就会成为一名优秀的足球运动员”。所以选择谚语A选项，表示“不劳无获”。
【2022-连云港中考】15. —Shall we go birdwatching tomorrow?
— ! I'd love to.
A. Good luck B. Best wishes C. Sounds great D. You' re welcome
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际的问答句。这里说的是: 明天我们要不要一起去观鸟？回答要用C选项，表示“听起来不错，可以的”。
【2022-无锡中考】14. —How about going to the library this afternoon?
—________ Reading is my therapy.
A. Are you kidding? B. You got me there.
C. Don’t you know? D. You read my mind.
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景交际问答句。这句话意思是：今天下午我们去图书馆怎么样？你猜中我的心思了，读书是我的疗法。这里选择D表示“猜到我的内心想法了”。
【2022-无锡中考】8. —Julie was playing the piano every time I saw her.
—You know ________.
A. every dog has its day B. many hands make light work
C. practice makes perfect D. the early bird catches the worm
【答案】C
【解析】考查谚语辨析。这句话的意思是：每次我看见茱莉亚她都在弹钢琴。你知道“孰能生巧”的道理。
【2022-泰州中考】10. —It’s necessary for us to spend more time with our grandparents.
—________. They won’t see us often after we go to college.
A. I hope not B. I think so C. I’m sorry D. I’m not sure
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我们有必要花更多的时间和祖父母在一起。——我也这么想。我们上大学后，他们就不会经常见到我们了。
考查情景交际。I hope not我希望不是；I think so我也这么想；I’m sorry我很抱歉；I’m not sure我不确定。根据“It’s necessary for us to spend more time with our grandparents.”和“They won’t see us often after we go to college.”可知，后者赞同前者的看法，故选B。
【2022-泰州中考】9. —What a sunny day! Why not go camping with your friends?
—________
A. It’s my pleasure. B. You’d better not.
C. No, I don’t mind. D. That sounds great.
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景交际。题目意思是“为什么不和你的朋友们一起去野营呢？”这属于提建议的句式，所以用D选项回答，意思是“这个事情听起来不错。”

☞【模拟训练】
一、主谓一致
单句语法填空
1. Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
2．The football team ________(be) all heartbroken when they learned about their defeat.
3．Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughter，________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
4．It is reported that many a new house __________ (build) at present in the disaster area.
5．Ten minutes ________ (seem) like an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
【答案】　1.is　2.were　3.is　4.is being built　5.seems

单项选择
1. Such poets as Shakespeare ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand.
A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are
2. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
3. The teacher together with the students ______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
4. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
   A. One half; are              B. A quarter; is    C. Two seventh; is       D. Two thirds; are
5. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
6.—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
7. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
  A. work    B. is working   C. working   D. are working
8. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
A. has B. do C. is D. are
9. What a pity! All his property, the books, the pictures and the house, ______ consumed by the big fire.
  A. was  B. were  C. had been  D. have been
10. In fact, not only Mary and I but also Jane ______ having one exam after another.
A. Is tired with B. are tired with C. is tired of D. are tired of
11. “It is not only you but also Tom who ______,” said the teacher after knowing what had happened.
A. are to be blamed     B. is to be blamed     C. are to blame     D. is to blame
12. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits
13. Butter and bread ______ their daily food, but the bread and the butter ______ up now.
A. is; is eaten B. are; have been eaten
C. are; are eaten D. is; have been eaten
14. The man is seriously ill. More than one doctor ______.
  A. have been sent for  B. has been sent for  
C. have been looked for  D. has been looked for
15. An average of 200 letters a week ______ received by the newspaper’s offer. Such ______ the case with us at present.
A. are; is B. has been; has been C. have been; is D. is; are
16. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
17. Sixty miles ______ in a single night, so they were exhausted.
A. is covered B. was covered C. are covered D. has covered
18. ______ an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. The students each have B. The students each has
C. Each the students has D. Each of the students have
19. One third of the country ______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.
A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are
20. A survey of the opinions of experts _____ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______ good for one’s health.
A. show; are     B. show; is C. shows; is    D. shows; are
【答案】1-5ABDBB 6-10 DBDAC 11-15 DADBA 16-20 DBADC

二、谚语
1. --- I need some help in typing this report. The manager wants it by 2:00 pm.
--- ____________. I can give you a hand now.
A. My pleasure. B. Take your time. C. Don’t worry. D. I wouldn’t say no.
2. ---If I work hard at my lessons from now on, can I do well in them?
---Sure. ___________.
A. Every dog has its day B. You are never too old to learn
C. Better late than never D. Practice makes perfect
3. --- Too bad you didn’t goto the beach with us. It was so much fun there! You must go next time．
---_____．I don’t think I’ll have any fun. I can’t swim．
A．Yes, please B. No, thanks. C. You are welcome D. My pleasure
4. We can’t afford to make any mistakes. To us, _______.
A. a miss is as good as a mile B. the grass is greener on the other side
C. it never rains but it pours D. when in Rome, do as the Romans do
5.---I've decided to give up my job, Mum.
--- . You’d better think twice.
A. Sounds great! B. What a pity! C. Guess what? D. Are you serious？
6. ---Jack, I'd like to have your opinions about my report
--________. But I have one suggestion.
A. That's a good idea B. I agree with you C. It looks fine to me D. Check it first
7. -- Shall we go fishing this weekend?
--- ______. I’ll go with you.
A. Thank you. B. That’s right C. Have fun D. That sounds good.
8. --- Let’s watch the popular TV program “Running man”, shall we?
--- __________. It has been over for some time.
A. Sounds great B. Yes, we shall C. I’m afraid not D. All right
9. ---I will go travelling with my friend this weekend. --- ______ .
A. Have a great time! B. Can’t you swim?
C. What about flying kites? D. That’s right.
10.—So you gave her your mobile phone?
—_________. She said she’d return it to me after she had hers fixed.
A. My pleasure B. Not exactly C. With pleasure D. No problem
11.---Did you buy a smuggled-cellphone(水货手机)?
---_______. A smuggled cellphone is worth half the price of a licensed one (行货).
A. Not exactly B. No doubt C. My pleasure D. All right
12 —We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.
—? I’ll give them a call right now.
A. Why not B. What for C. Why D. What
【答案】CCBAD CDAAB BA

三、情景交际
1. – Could you tell me how to use the digital camera?
-- ________. I will show you how to use it.
A. With pleasure B. It’s my pleasure
C. I feel so proud D. I am full of pride
2.Which of the following statement tells the fact not the opinion?
A. China is on its way to become a global leader.
B. Dragon Boat Festival 2017fell on May 30 (Tuesday).
C. TF Boys is as EXO among young people in China.
D. Many people prefer to live in Kunming because of its pleasant weather.
3. — The case is very heavy, Miss Wu. Would you like me to carry it for you?
— ________________.
A. With pleasure B. No, you needn’t
C. Yes, I’d love to D. It’s very kind of you.
4. — Would you mind stepping forward a bit? I’m afraid it’s too crowded here.
— _________________
A. Never mind. B. I’m sorry for that.
C. Of course. D. Not at all.
5．—Jane got an “A” in the maths test.
— _______. She works the hardest in our class.
A．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket B．Many hands make light work
C．It never rains but it pours D．No pain, no gain
6．—Mobile phone payments are becoming more and more popular among the people.
—________. My parents often pay the bill through WeChat.
A．That’s a good idea B．I agree
C．I don’t think so D．Not exactly
7. —Miss White, I am afraid I have got low marks in the exam.
— , dear! Take it easy. I am sure if you try your best, you will pass it easily next time.
A. You’re welcome B. Come on
C. All right D. Well done
8. —Hello! My computer has caught a virus and it no longer works properly now.
—Don’t worry. What’s your telephone number?
A. What can I do for you then? B. I am sorry to hear that.
C. Please take care of your computer. D. Our worker will contact you soon.
9. — Do you mind my opening the window? It’s really hot.
— ______. Do as you like.
A. Not at all B. Don’t worry
C. Of course D. I’m sorry you can’t
10. — It is said that there may be a war between these two countries.
— ______. Peace is what everyone wants.
A. I hope so B. I hope not
C. It depends on you D. I don’t mind
11. If you keep practising speaking English every day, you’ll be better at it. Just as the saying goes, “________.”
A. Many hands make light work B. No pain, no gain
C. Every dog has its day D. Actions speak louder than words
12. — Amy, are you sure you can complete the task without help?
—________. This is not the first time for me.
A. Take care B. Hurry up C. Not exactly D. Don’t worry
13. — Jenny, would you like to pick strawberries with me this Sunday?
— ______, and where shall we meet?
A. Sounds great B. I’m afraid I can’t come
C. I don’t like it very much D. Sorry, I don’t have time
14. — Could I use this dictionary?
— ______. It’s a spare one.
A.Good idea. B. Just go ahead. C. Not at all. D. You’d better not.
【答案】ABDDD BBDAB BDAB