题型强化训练03 阅读理解之主旨题&猜词题-江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版）

这是一份题型强化训练03 阅读理解之主旨题&猜词题-江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版），共54页。

题型强化训练03 阅读理解之主旨题&猜词题

☞【考点介绍】
考点
题量
题型
出题方向
主旨题
1-2小题
阅读理解
阅读理解中的主旨题占比虽然不大，但却是必考题型之一，难度有一点大，一般是B/C/D三篇文章中会出现考察主旨题的情况，分为最佳标题题，段落大意题，主要大意题三种提问方式。
猜词题
1-2小题
阅读理解
阅读理解中的猜词题基本也是必考题型之一，题量1-2题左右，往往猜测的是熟悉的单词陌生的意思，或者超出考纲的生词猜测词义，要结合所给的单词前后文去猜测该词的词义。

☞【应试技巧】
一、主旨题的解题技巧
(1) 留心关键词, 所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词, 如名词、动词等。
需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。

(2) 注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
主题句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在段落中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普类文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。

二、猜词题的解题技巧
(1) 通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that, for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2) 通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。
(3) 通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例　He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析　根据“not at all as handsome...”我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4) 通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些生词,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5) 通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例　But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
解析　从drought所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought的意思是“久旱,旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。
(6) 通过举例来猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例　Bananas,oranges,pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
解析　pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(7) 通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。
例　The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
解析　从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(8) 根据上下文猜测词义
例　One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it. 
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means　　　. 
A.terrible B.bad C.good D.real
解析　根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。
If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him. 
The underlined phrase“all wet”means　　　. 
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析　根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(9) 根据生活常识猜测词义
例　A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 
解析　从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。

☞【真题回顾】
一、主旨题部分
【2022-常州中考】
D
Being sad or in a low mood is a normal (正常的) part of life. Many people feel down from time to time. For example, when people face challenging events in their lives, such as financial(经济的) difficulty or major changes, it’s common to feel down. But in most cases the bad feelings slowly disappear.
As for depression(抑郁症), however, the bad mood lasts for weeks, months, or ever longer because it is a mental(精神的) illness. As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long time and greatly harms a person’s ability at work or school or in the daily life. People with depression usually don’t like to talk about their problems with others. More seriously, depression may even lead to the act of killing oneself.

But depression is not a person’s problem. It’s also more common than most people think. It is hurting about 280 million people around the world, according to WHO.
Though depression is worrying, we don’t have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting professional(专业的) help, taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both. In fact, when you begin to feel the danger of depression, you can try to deal with it early by yourself. Listening to music, doing some sports and drawing some pictures might help you feel better. Another useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a low mood, having a conversation with others is of great help. Being honest about how we feel does not make us weak, it makes us human.
36. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Knowledge of depression. B. Ways of treating depression.
C. Reasons for depression. D. Results of depression.
【答案】 36. A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了什么是抑郁症、抑郁症的表现及抑郁症的治疗方法等，A最合适，B、C、D比较片面。故选A。

【2022-宿迁中考】
B

The oil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）. It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early Tang Dynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “Tang Umbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, as steel-ribbed（钢骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, the hand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were Turned into decorative artifacts（装饰性工艺品）.
Yuhang in Hangzhou is known for making oil paper umbrellas for more than 230 years. They are mainly made of skin paper（皮纸）, bamboo, a coating of Tung oil（桐油）. They need to take more than 70 steps to make, including making bamboo ribs, pesting papers（糊纸）and painting patterns（图案）. It takes at least a week to make per umbrella. In 2008, these umbrellas were added to Intangible Cultural Heritage List（非物质文化遗产名录）of China.
A young man called Liu Weixue learned the traditional art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas from his grandfather. “I want to bring the art to life.” Liu said. He improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people. As the traditional paper was easy to break, he started to use a kind of thicker paper. In a test, his umbrellas were opened and closed for 1,000 times without breaking. He used a kind of lighter bamboo to make the umbrellas weigh less.
Now Liu hopes the art can be passed on. He goes to local schools to teach students. He also goes to events in different places to promote（推广）the art.
34. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. The history of oil paper umbrellas. B. The styles of oil paper umbrellas.
C. The design of oil paper umbrellas. D. The ways of using oil paper umbrellas.
【答案】34. A
【解析】段落大意题。根据“The oil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）...”可知，本段主要介绍了油纸伞的相关历史，故选A。
C
Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks.
Each of them is divided into two parts-the core（核心）protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed. And the general control area is open to the public, allowing travel activities such as camping and hiking. In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms. People can learn about different kinds of animals and plants through eco-friendly（环保的）travel activities.
The national parks can also be helpful to local people. The building of these national parks provides many jobs for local people. People living in or around the parks can work as park rangers（护林员）and guides. They can also sell some eco-friendly things with local colour. So their yearly incomes（收人）will grow a lot.
Then let’s take a look at the five national parks.

Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau（青藏高原）, is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it “China’s water tower”.

Northeast China Tiger and Leopard（豹）National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres. It is our country’s biggest and only place for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards to live in.

Wuyi Mountain National Park in Fujian Province is a UNESCO natural and cultural heritage site（遗址）. The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom（王国）of snakes and world of insects. You can also see the Danxia landform（地貌）there.

Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats（栖息地）in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild gian1 pandas. They make up over 70 percent of the pandas in China.

Hainan Tropical（热带的）Rainforest National Park is the largest tropical forest in China. There are more than 400 kinds of plants that can only be found in Hainan. The world’s only 35 Hainan gibbons（长臂猿）live there.
41. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The beautiful scenes of nature B. The home of animals and plants
C. The introduction to the five national parks D. The relationships among the five national parks
【答案】 41. C
【解析】最佳标题题。根据“Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks.”及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍五个国家公园的情况，故选C。

【2022-苏州中考】
B
On warm winter days, Yang Liheng, 89, enjoys sitting by the window and looking through old photos. These photos bring him joy and happiness once more.
For Yang, one of the long-expected activities during the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
Yang became a photographer in the late 1950s. With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time. “I had a painful childhood, but I got a chance to be a photographer after the founding（成立）of the People’s Republic of China.” Yang told Beijing Review. “I want to record, in the form of photographs, the local customs, the scenes and people’s brave spirit of fighting against the hard conditions here in my hometown.”
“I used to take pictures for everyone else, but seldom turned my camera at my family members,” Yang said. “My grandson gave me the idea to record the growth and development of my own family.” Taking family photos then became a tradition for Yang’s family. Though now some of his grandchildren are working and living in other cities, they try their best to return home during the Spring Festival and prepare for the special moment.
Last year was an important year for Yang Liheng. Most of his photos were displayed in Yinchuan to show the development of the area over the past sixty years.
16. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. When Yang was interviewed. B. Where Yang learnt to take photos.
C. Why Yang had a painful childhood. D. What Yang recorded with his camera.
【答案】16. D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time”可知，本段主要介绍了他用相机记录下来的内容，故选D。
D
When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance.
As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa. “I’m going to be an athlete.”
“Dave.” Grandpa began gently, “if you can’t be big, you can do something big.”
I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday.
All this running inspired（激发）another big dream. Someday, I’d run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision.
“But, Dave, you haven’t trained for the marathon. Are you sure you’re ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on.
I ran fast that day, But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed.
“No,” he said calmly, “you didn’t fail. You discovered something.”
“I did?” I asked.
“Yes, you discovered that big dreams don’t just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.”
I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn’t be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I’d run for him.
That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!”
25. What is the best title for the text?
A. Dream Big B. The Boston Marathon
C. Think Twice D. The Story of Grandpa
【答案】25. A
【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文多次出现“big dream”这样的词语，可以推断出本文也是围绕“大梦想”这个线索展开描述，故选A。

【2022泰州中考】
C

Daniel, Sandy and Simon are in the lab.
Simon: Let’s do an experiment. I fill a jar(罐子) with water. I cover the top with a piece of cardboard(纸板) and hold it there. Then I turn the jar upside down and take my hand off the cardboard. Can you guess what will happen?
Daniel: I think the floor will get wet. We should do this experiment outside, Simon.
Sandy: I think the cardboard will hold the water.
Daniel: I don’t think so.
Sandy: You think the water will pour out, Daniel. I think the water will stay in the jar. Let’s do the experiment to test whose opinion is correct.
Simon: Good idea, Sandy. That is called the scientific method.
Sandy: I am so sure of my opinion that Simon can do the experiment over your head and I know you won’t get wet.
Daniel: Well, let’s try.
Simon: Are you ready, Daniel?
Daniel: No! Wait! (He puts on a raincoat and sits down.) Now I think I’m ready.
Sandy: Simon, take your hand off the cardboard.
Daniel: No! (Daniel closes his eyes tightly(紧紧地), and Simon takes his hand off the cardboard. The water stays in the jar.)
Sandy: See, Daniel!
Daniel: How is that possible?
Simon: The force(力) of the air keeps the water in the jar. It is strong enough to hold the water.
Daniel: Wow!
Simon: So what have we discovered?
Sandy: We have discovered the air pressure(压力) helps the cardboard hold the water in the jar.
Simon: Right. What do you conclude, Daniel?
Daniel: I conclude that air is stronger than I thought.
38. What does the script mainly tell us?
A. Teamwork can help solve problems.
B. Safety is important when doing experiments.
C. The air pressure is always strong enough to hold the water.
D. Correct conclusions can be got through doing experiments.
【答案】38. D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Let’s do the experiment to test whose opinion is correct.”及“Good idea, Sandy. That is called the scientific method.”可知文章主要告诉我们通过实验可以得到正确的结论，故选D。

【2022-扬州中考】
B
Every month, Julia and her cousins would go for the big family meal at their grandparents’ house. On each visit, their grandpa would give them a few coins. Then all the children would run off to buy sweets. One day, he gathered the children together. He said, “Let’s have a competition to see who can manage money wisely. At the end of this year, tell me how you’ve used your money.”
Ruben and Nico, the two smallest kids, continued spending their money all on sweets. Every time, they would show off their sweets in front of the other children. This made Clara and Joe so angry that these two could no longer keep saving their money. They soon joined Ruben and Nico.
Monty was a clever boy. He decided to manage his money by buying and selling things. Soon he made a lot of money with little effort. The way he was going, he would end up almost a rich man. However, he began to spend his money on more and more expensive things for himself. A few months later, he hadn’t a single penny（便士）left.
Alex saved and saved all the coins he was given, and at the end of the year he had collected more money than anyone. He was the clear winner.
There was also Julia. Poor Julia hadn’t a penny on the day of the competition. She had spent all her coins on her secret plan. Julia knew a poor violinist who played in the park, and she offered him all the coins for his violin lessons. Although it wasn’t much money, on seeing Julia’s excitement, the violinist agreed. A little after a year the violinist loaned her a violin so they two could play together in the park. They were so successful that she managed to buy her own violin. Even better, she later became a very famous violinist.
37. What is the best title for the passage?
A.Grandpa’s coins B. Julia’s cousins
C. A saving competition D. A happy family
【答案】37. C
【解析】最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了Julia的爷爷为了教导孩子如何理财，进行了一场特殊的比赛，看每个人如何花钱。通过这个比赛，孩子们明白，通过好好计划，很少的钱也可以带来意想不到的收获和惊喜，甚至可以实现自己的梦想，故文章以“一场存钱比赛”展开。故选C。
C
My five-year-old son befriends the woman. It starts with voices in the yard. When I come out to check on Daniel, his face is pressed on the fence（篱笆）.
The woman says, “You wait right here; I’ll be right back. ”
She returns with a saw（锯子）. There’s a whirring. A circle in the wooden fence drops out of sight.
“Dad! Sandy just drilled out a hole in the fence so Sandy and I can talk! ” Daniel spins around.
I hadn’t known her name was Sandy. We’ve lived here a month before Daniel was born.
Daniel’s and Sandy’s murmuring voices continue. Whenever Daniel is outside, he circles near the fence that isn’t a fence any more. Some days my son just goes to stand at the hole, yelling, “Sandy! Saaaaandyyyyy!” Sometimes I hear bits of their talk.
“We painted a ghost at school.”
Or: “Wheeler and Jackson were playing football, and they told me I couldn’t play.”
“That wasn’t very nice, ” says Sandy. “Did that hurt your feelings? Did you let them know that?”
I can’t hear how he replies. A moment of envy runs through me. He never talks about his school things with me.
Daniel and Sandy not only keep chatting through the hole, they also exchange gifts. A coloring book, then a Hot Wheels car. It’s unclear what Daniel gives Sandy in return.
One afternoon, I hear Sandy’s voice floating over the top of the fence with the hole. “I thought maybe Daniel could come for a play date.”
We ring the bell on Sandy’s porch. She’s a middle-aged woman with smiling eyes. Sandy’s yard is sweet with the smell of flowers. We have a pleasant afternoon with Sandy, my son’s adult friend, the first friend Daniel has made on his own.
A month later, Sandy leaves to care for her mother in Kansas. She left behind a box of presents: a coloring book, sidewalk chalk, the missing orange part in the Hot Wheels track. When I look at Daniel, he’s looking down at his shoes.
He sometimes wanders down to the fence. Instead of calling “Sandy! Saaaaandyyyyy!” he cries. “Hello! Helloooooo!”
One day, Daniel receives Sandy’s postcard. They write frequently, warmly.
41. Which sentence best expresses the theme of the story?
A. Parents are children’s best friends. B. Trust and friendship can go beyond ages.
C. A good fence makes a good neighbour. D. Grass is greener on the other side of the fence.
【答案】 41. B
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述作者的儿子丹尼尔和成年的朋友桑迪忘年交的经历。B选项“Trust and friendship can go beyond ages信任和友谊可以打破年龄的界线”可概括。故选B。
D
Researchers at China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp a State-owned defense contractor, have developed and made the world’s first robot whale shark（鲸鲨）.

The robotic shark has been on display in an aquarium（水族馆）at Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park since January.
A whale shark is a slow-moving carpet shark and the largest known living fish.
Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based No 111 Factory, the underwater robot is 4.7 meters long, weighs 350 kilograms and can move 42 meters a minute.
Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark by moving its mechanical fins（鳍）. The mouth and gills（鳃）can also open and close like a shark’s. The biomimetic shark is made of sensors（传感器）, multi-joint fins, batteries, and systems which enable it to avoid what’s in the way in all directions.
“The robot can reach a depth of 10 meters and work for as long as 10 hours,” said Fang Xuelin, a senior researcher in charge of the robot shark program.
“The shark can be remotely controlled and can also swim based on preset programs or its own sensors,” he said.
“We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes, and the robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far,” Fang added. “Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic（水生的）animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection.”
“The factory now plans to develop more types of aquatic robots, including some extinct mammals（哺乳动物）, for display in parks and schools. It will also promote the products to businesses engaged in fields such as underwater salvage and mineral prospecting,” he said.
45. What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?
A. The limits of the aquatic robots. B. The purposes of the aquatic robots.
C. The progress in making aquatic robots. D. The steps to developing aquatic robots.
【答案】45. B
【解析】段落大意题。根据“Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection”可知，第八段主要讲述了制作水生机器鱼的目的。故选B。

【2022-无锡中考】
B
Studying is not always the most interesting task within your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required, everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying. Although this is a common problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.
Find a suitable place to study.
Make sure you are in a place that is free of distraction(分心). Distractions will actually cause you to become more bored because you are reminded of the things you could be doing other than studying.
Make a ▲ plan.
Plan first. List what you need to get completed and how long you need to complete it. If you know when you can go back to play sports or talk to your friends, you will be more likely to fix your attention on studies.

Mix up your topics.

Change up the topics that you are studying. Mix up what you study every half an hour to an hour or so to avoid boredom. For example, study history for 45 minutes, maths for 45 minutes, and English for 45 minutes. Make sure you don’t spend all your time on one subject.
Take notes as you go.
Take a notebook out and write down important notes while you are reading an article in a textbook. Not only will it help keep you engaged, you will also be learning more because you process the information once as you read it and then again as you synthesize the information to write down.
30. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. how to learn different subjects B. how to study without getting bored
C. how to read an article in a text book D. how to choose a proper place to study
【答案】30. B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Although this is a common problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.”可知，主要讲述了一些关于如何学习而不感到无聊的建议。故选B。

【2022-南通中考】
B
Many Chinese primary and middle-school students can’t do housework today and do not take such work seriously. As a result, some are unable to cook or wash their own clothes when they enter college.
The Ministry of Education has recently released the new curriculum standard(新课程标准) for housework education for students from Grade 1 to Grade 9, making it an independent course that students must take at least once a week. The new standard requires students in Grade 1-2 to learn to sweep the floor, Grade 3-4 to learn to plant cabbages, and Grade 5-6 to master the skills of cooking two to three dishes. Students in junior middle schools will learn to repair simple electrical machines. This new standard has been widely welcomed by the public.
Wang: We all know the importance of housework education. However, at home, some students are unable to do the simplest housework, as their parents insist they should devote themselves to study. Some of them gradually grow to be unwilling to do any kind of housework. Housework education is supposed to raise students’ interest in labor, help them experience different kinds of housework and, most importantly, correct their attitudes toward labor. The housework course will become an important step to develop and improve personalities of students.
Li: In order for students to develop in an all-round way, it’s absolutely necessary to add the housework course to school curriculums, which aims to encourage students in primary and secondary schools to progressively learn and love housework. It is important to make the housework class interesting, so that the students will really gain some practical skills. For this reason, schools should add professional(专业的) teachers to give the classes, instead of adding this new stress on parents and other teachers who are already busy with their daily work.
Zhang: Some people think it’s unnecessary to waste time on learning housework. If you want to have a meal, you can order food online, and for electrical machine repairs, you can ask for specialized help. However, people with the basic skills for daily life can go much more confidently and smoothly through everyday life.
It is the first step in encouraging young students to develop a healthy concept(观念) of labor and to be able to take care of themselves in daily life.
37. The passage mainly wants to tell us ________.
A.the importance of the housework course
B. the new stress on both teachers and parents
C. different opinions on the housework course
D. the concept of the new curriculum standard
【答案】37. A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文介绍家务教育课程的重要性以及几个人的看法，选项A“家务课程的重要性”符合主题，故选A。
C
Technology and sustainability(可持续性) are two driving forces in the world today. For the agriculture department, sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend, and farmers should follow it.
The following sustainable agriculture technologies are necessary.
Smart irrigation
Crops need water—that’s needless to say. However, how they get water is another story.
With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology can report soil moisture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take care of crops in a more efficient way. For example, most crops have specific requirements for temperature and moisture. The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops’ growing environments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste of water.
Drones
Drones’ abilities get them a place on this list. They can do a lot and most importantly, they can make the boring and tiring farm work much easier.
These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.
Data and software
Data is rich in this tech-driven world. Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmers plant, harvest and water.
As computers gather information, they report it all back to a central system. So when farmers learn in which area crop health needs to improve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) more efficiently, causing less waste.
The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs, labor and energy. And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment. As these new technologies continue to develop, we are sure to have a cleaner environment.
Sustainable agricultural technology is the future—and it will change the game.
41. The passage is mainly to ________.
A. think highly of the agriculture department
B. make sustainable agriculture technologies better
C. change farmers’ misunderstanding of agriculture technologies
D. stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture
【答案】41. D
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了几种必要的可持续农业技术，是为了强调可持续农业技术的重要性，故选D。
D

As Xiong Chuanfa, 34, blew a lifelike puppy out of molten maltose(溶化的麦芽糖) in just minutes, kids looked carefully at him with great surprise, thinking he was a magician.
Xiong Chuanfa has been working on blowing sugar figurines, a Chinese traditional folk art with a history of over 600 years, for more than twenty years.
In this special art form, the artist heats the syrup(糖浆) to a certain temperature, pulls off a small amount, makes it into a ball with an open center, presses the open area together and stretches it to form a tube. Then he blows air into the tube and makes it into different shapes. The traditional folk art has been listed as a state-level intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).
Every morning, Xiong prepares the molten syrup and drives to start his “magic show” around his city. “Many people, particularly kids, are attracted by this sugar art. After all, the ancient art is gradually disappearing,” Xiong said. Simon, from Australia, was attracted by a sugar Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, in Xiong’s stall. Simon couldn’t resist trying to make one himself. However, he couldn’t get the wanted shape though he tried several times. “It looks simple, but actually it’s very difficult to master the skill,” he said. Thanks to Xiong’s helping hand, Siunon finally saw a horse gradually taking shape. “Can’t believe I’ve done this,” he said, expressing his excitement at how a pot of sugar syrup has been turned into something “truly amazing”.
Xiong said that blowing sugar figurines can date back to the Ming Dynasty and that his family has passed down this art for four generations. “My 6-year-old son often blows up a balloon-like sugar figure, just like I used to do as a child,” he said. Xiong’s wife Wang Li is an artist of the sugar painting, which is a form of traditional Chinese folk art that uses hot, liquid sugar to make 2-D objects.
“None of the cultural heritage left by our ancestors should be lost. They are name cards of the splendid Chinese culture and should be spread around the world,” Xiong said. The couple often show their skills beside colleges to draw youngsters closer to the traditional art and allow them to experience its charm. “Sugar paintings and sugar figurines are childhood memories of several generations of Chinese people. We try to combine paper-cutting skills and modern elements(元素) with sugar figurines, making them similar to modern trend(趋势) while keeping a balance between beauty and taste. We will spend the rest of our lives helping pass on this intangible heritage,” Xiong said.
Many people were deeply moved after learning about the family’s story.
45. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. A Chinese artist on tasty folk art B. A new modern trend
C. A balance between beauty and taste D. Tasty sugar figurines
【答案】45. A
【解析】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍吹糖人这种传统艺术，讲述了传承人熊川发吹糖人的过程，故选A。

【2022-镇江中考】
C
Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).
The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption. They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now, several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and bike companies record user speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded.
In fact, years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services. After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas. The latest chips which are popular with bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types.
Since 2000, a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 2020, the system was completed and started providing global services. Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14.000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.
32. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. The history of shared bikes.
B. The qualities of shared bikes.
C. The advantages of Beidou-based chips.
D. The producers of Beidou-based chips.
35. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Technology Shapes the Future of the Products
B. Users Needs Drive the Growth of the Products
C. Competition Lifts the Quality of the Products
D. Service Increases the Sales of the Products
【答案】32. C 35. A
【解析】
【32题详解】
段落大意题。根据“The chips have high qualities.”以及整段内容可知，本段主要是关于北斗芯片的优势。故选C。
【35题详解】
最佳标题题。根据“Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的优势，以及它的应用，选项A“技术塑造产品的未来”符合，故选A。


二、猜词题部分

【2022泰州中考】
C

Daniel, Sandy and Simon are in the lab.
Simon: Let’s do an experiment. I fill a jar(罐子) with water. I cover the top with a piece of cardboard(纸板) and hold it there. Then I turn the jar upside down and take my hand off the cardboard. Can you guess what will happen?
Daniel: I think the floor will get wet. We should do this experiment outside, Simon.
Sandy: I think the cardboard will hold the water.
Daniel: I don’t think so.
Sandy: You think the water will pour out, Daniel. I think the water will stay in the jar. Let’s do the experiment to test whose opinion is correct.
Simon: Good idea, Sandy. That is called the scientific method.
Sandy: I am so sure of my opinion that Simon can do the experiment over your head and I know you won’t get wet.
Daniel: Well, let’s try.
Simon: Are you ready, Daniel?
Daniel: No! Wait! (He puts on a raincoat and sits down.) Now I think I’m ready.
Sandy: Simon, take your hand off the cardboard.
Daniel: No! (Daniel closes his eyes tightly(紧紧地), and Simon takes his hand off the cardboard. The water stays in the jar.)
Sandy: See, Daniel!
Daniel: How is that possible?
Simon: The force(力) of the air keeps the water in the jar. It is strong enough to hold the water.
Daniel: Wow!
Simon: So what have we discovered?
Sandy: We have discovered the air pressure(压力) helps the cardboard hold the water in the jar.
Simon: Right. What do you conclude, Daniel?
Daniel: I conclude that air is stronger than I thought.
37. The underlined word “that” refers to(指的是) ________.
A. Sandy’s guessing B. Daniel’s opinion
C. doing an experiment D. discussing with others
【答案】37. C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Let’s do the experiment to test whose opinion is correct.”以及“That is called the scientific method.”可知此处的that是指做实验，故选C。
D
Ancient art doesn’t have to be boring. Technology in the 21st century can help to bring it to life by combining(融合) the best of the old and the new.
Along the River During the Qingming Festival

Walking into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, people were amazed by seeing a huge digital(数码的) painting. Scientists digitized(数码化) the famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festisal by Chinese artist Zhang Zeduan.
The original(原先的) painting shows life during the Northern Song period and it includes many details of ancient Chinese customs, lifestyles and technology.
Farmers work in the fields, sailors move around their boats and people eat and do business in restaurants. Parts of the background are also animated(做成动画). You can see the wind blowing through the trees and across the water. These animations perfectly combine modern technology and ancient art.
Digital technology allows today’s artists to express their ideas in ways that ancient artists would not believe possible. Techniques such as animation and 3D digital projection(投影) make art come alive.
Dunhuang Cave Paintings

Dunhuang Caves, which are protected ancient treasures in the Gobi desert in Northwest China, are filled with paintings and sculptures with lasting value. This artwork was created over a period of around 1,000 years.
The good news is for art lovers who cannot travel and for the caves. Scientists have created a 360-degree, 3D digital projection of the caves, which makes the artwork come alive. There is also a function(功能) that lets viewers zoom in and enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.
Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices. It also makes the whole world understand the art while protecting the original artworks for the future.
41. The underlined phrase “zoom in” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 使(镜头)抬高 B. 使(镜头)拉近 C. 使(镜头)俯视 D. 使(镜头)远离
【答案】41. B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.”（更详细地欣赏绘画和雕塑。）可知，需要把镜头拉近才能更详细欣赏，故选B。

【2022-苏州中考】
B
On warm winter days, Yang Liheng, 89, enjoys sitting by the window and looking through old photos. These photos bring him joy and happiness once more.
For Yang, one of the long-expected activities during the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
Yang became a photographer in the late 1950s. With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time. “I had a painful childhood, but I got a chance to be a photographer after the founding（成立）of the People’s Republic of China.” Yang told Beijing Review. “I want to record, in the form of photographs, the local customs, the scenes and people’s brave spirit of fighting against the hard conditions here in my hometown.”
“I used to take pictures for everyone else, but seldom turned my camera at my family members,” Yang said. “My grandson gave me the idea to record the growth and development of my own family.” Taking family photos then became a tradition for Yang’s family. Though now some of his grandchildren are working and living in other cities, they try their best to return home during the Spring Festival and prepare for the special moment.
Last year was an important year for Yang Liheng. Most of his photos were displayed in Yinchuan to show the development of the area over the past sixty years.
15. What does the underlined word “reunite” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Get separated. B. Get much wealthier. C. Get improved. D. Get together again.
【答案】15. D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken”可知，在大年初二全家人团聚的时候，他会盛装打扮，等待拍照，根据空格前的“the whole family”，推测reunite与get together again同义，故选D。

D
When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance.
As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa. “I’m going to be an athlete.”
“Dave.” Grandpa began gently, “if you can’t be big, you can do something big.”
I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday.
All this running inspired（激发）another big dream. Someday, I’d run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision.
“But, Dave, you haven’t trained for the marathon. Are you sure you’re ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on.
I ran fast that day, But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed.
“No,” he said calmly, “you didn’t fail. You discovered something.”
“I did?” I asked.
“Yes, you discovered that big dreams don’t just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.”
I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn’t be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I’d run for him.
That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!”
23. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph A refer to?
A. Adding an extra mile. B. Running on his birthday.
C. Training for the marathon. D. Trying out for the basketball team.
【答案】23. B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile”可知，在作者13岁生日时也坚持跑步，只不过是额外增加了一英里，所以it指代“在生日这天跑步”，故选B。

【2022-连云港中考】
B
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly's father wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad and didn't agree. She moved into the old tree house, which was her favourite place in the world. One day, it rained all night. Lightning lit up the sky and thunder rumbled.The tree house was moving. A branch (树枝) broke. Holly and her dog Eco fell down from the tree.Her parents ran towards her and took her into the room. Luckily, Holly was all right.
The next day a tree surgeon (外科医生) named Harry examined the oak tree. He did some tests ,then he talked to Holly and her father.
“This is a lovely tree,”he said.“I can see why it' s so important to you, Holly. Unfortunately , it's very old, and it has a disease. It really isn't safe. I' m afraid it has to come down.”
Holly nodded. Her father put his arm around her.
“Can you cut it down?" he asked.
“Yes, of course，”said Harry.
“And after that ... can you plant a new tree?"
“A new tree?”asked Holly, surprised. “Where?"
“In the same place, of course," her father replied.
So Harry cut down the old oak tree and planted a new one in its place. Holly helped him fill the hole with earth, and Eco jumped in and out of it while they were working. Later the whole family stood around the new tree.
“It's small, isn't it?”said Holly' s sister Sophie.
“It’s small now," said Holly,“but it' s going to grow. It's going to grow as big as my old tree."
Then she turned to her father.
“Dad, where are you going to build your new office?"
“Over there,”said her father，pointing.
“On the lawn?”asked Holly. Her parents were crazy about their stupid lawn!
“It's 0K," her mother said.“The tree’s more important. In fact, I want you to have a party in the garden for your new tree. And I want you to invite all your friends.
Holly and Sophie smiled. It was going to be a great summer after all.
34. What does the underlined word“examined”probably mean in paragraph 2?
A. Changed. B. Climbed. C. Checked. D. Collected.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题，根据单词前后文可知医生是检查了树，并且做了一些测试。
C
Did you know that vocabulary (词汇) is more important than grammar? If you have good vocabulary, you can communicate successfully, even if the grammar is not completely perfect.
However，one common problem is learning new words and then forgetting them. So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can’t remember it at that moment. Does this often happen to you? The reason for this difficulty is that most students try to learn vocabulary by studying lists and dictionaries and remembering the words. But it may not work if you don't have a very good memory.
The best way to learn vocabulary and remember the words successfully, is to learn new words and use them at once. You can do this with a very simple exercise. Every time you learn a new word, for example, from an English lesson or an article, write it down in your vocabulary notebook. Writing is more active than just reading a definition (释义). You should write the word, the definition in English or translation , one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you create.
Imagine you just learn the word “ generous' write in your vocabulary notebook : generous ( adjective), definition—giving or willing to give freely. Example one, from the article: Thanks for
paying for my dinner, you’re very generous. Example two, my example: My brother is generous because he volunteers at the animal shelter on weekends. It' s best if your example sentences are true to your life ,because this creates a personal connection with the new word. The next day, read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sentence using the new word. It's helpful for you to remember it. These two simple steps—writing the word and using it at once—help you remember and use new words.
Do you have a vocabulary notebook? If not, start now.
38. What does the underlined word“it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The problem. B. The new word.
C. The conversation. D. The dictionary.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题，根据文中划线的it前后文“So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can’t remember it at that moment. ”可知it指代的是新单词，答案选B。

【2022-无锡中考】
C
Lupe Medrano, a shy girl was a straight-A student. Though Lupe had a sharp mind, she could not, no matter how much she tried, run as fast as the other girls. The truth was that Lupe was no good in sports.
“I’ll never be good at sports.” She felt angry one rainy day as she lay on her bed, looking at the shelf her father had made to hold her awards. “I wish I could win something, anything, even marble (弹珠).”
At the word “marbles”, she sat up. “That’s it. Maybe I could be good at playing marbles, and marbles is a sport.” She rushed out of her room and found the marbles in her brother’s room.
She practiced shooting softly at first. The marble rolled from her thumb(拇指) and clicked against the targeted (作为目标的) marble. But the target wouldn’t budge. She tried again and again, but the power from her thumb made the targeted marble roll only an inch or two.
She realized her thumb was weak and then decided to squeeze(捏) a rubber eraser one hundred times, hoping it would strengthen her thumb.
The weeks passed quickly. Lupe worked so hard that one day, while she was drying dishes, her mother asked why her thumb was swollen(肿胀的).
“It’s muscle,” Lupe explained, “I’ve been practicing for the marbles championship.”
“You, honey?” Her mother, Mrs. Medrano, knew Lupe was no good in sports.
“Yeah, I beat Alfonso, and he’s pretty good.”
When her father, Mr. Medrano, heard this, he was very happy and encouraged Lupe.
Practice, practice, practice. Lupe got better and better. Then the day of the championship came. She beat her first competitor easily, and won one marble, and then one after another. At last, Lupe was in the final to play against a girl in a baseball cap. The girl never even looked at Lupe.
“I don’t know, Dad. She looks tough.”
“You can do it,” her father encouraged. “Just think of the marbles, not the girl, and let your thumb do the work.”
It was a tough fight. But finally Lupe won the most marbles and became the winner!
“I did it!” Lupe said under her breath. She rose from her knees, which hurt from bending all day, and hugged her father.
Back home, in her own bedroom, she was happy. She had always won praise because of her brains, but winning in sports was a new experience. She thanked her tired thumb. “You did it, thumb. You made me champion.” As its reward, Lupe went to the bathroom, filled the bathroom sink with warm water, and let her thumb swim as it pleased. Then she climbed into bed and fell into her sweet dreams.
31. What does the underlined word “budge” mean in this story?
A. Jump. B. Spin. C. Float. D. Move.
【答案】31. D
【解析】词义猜测题，根据文中“ But the target wouldn’t budge. She tried again and again, but the power from her thumb made the targeted marble roll only an inch or two.”可知需要弹珠动起来，所以答案选D。

【2022-徐州中考】
D
Peter loves baseball. Last summer, he helped coach a school baseball team. When he first watched the team of 12-year-olds play baseball, his first impressions were not really positive.
One player often left as soon as they started losing. Another player paid too much attention to all their mistakes during the game. Other boys preferred to dig up the grass when they weren’t in the play. A lot of boys threw their baseball bats when they lost the catch.
While their baseball skills improved over time with more practice, there were still problems with their all-important character. The team had a long way to go. For example, some boys were hard on those who made mistakes. Instead of being supportive or encouraging, they blamed (责怪) each other.
Peter started one-on-one talks with each player to discuss things that he had noticed. Some were about skills like holding the bat up higher or opening their eyes when they were making a catch. But most were about staying positive and supporting each other.
Slowly things began to change. The boys began to take the duties for their play instead of blaming others for mistakes. They stayed optimistic even when losing. The team culture was improving.
Players began encouraging each other, high-fiving and supporting teammates. Peter was especially pleased to see some of the boys taking leadership roles and having their own one-on-one talks with their teammates.
Peter doesn’t think he made huge progress in teaching the boys how to throw, catch or hit better, but he was pleased that their conversations around character led to something positive. Although the team still lost games, the players had stronger characters. Next season, their characters will be tested again.
44. What does the underlined word “optimistic” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. 精益求精的 B. 吹毛求疵的 C. 悲观的 D. 乐观的
【答案】44. D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“The boys began to take the duties for their play instead of blaming others for mistakes. They stayed optimistic even when losing. The team culture was improving.”可知，团队文化正在改善，可推测出此处是指即使输了，还是保持“乐观的”。故选D。

【2022-镇江中考】
A

Project in Singapore
The fantastic man-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in local flowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get their energy from the sun often light up the city. The project was awarded “the World Building of the Year” and its designer said the idea was to create “a city in a garden”. Clearly, the special way of building up the forest makes a difference to lifting the public’s awareness about environment.
Project in Milan
By decorating the buildings from top to bottom with more than 20,000 trees and plants, Italian architect Stefano Boeri said he’d wanted to make trees part of the buildings and create something that could help to reduce pollution. These buildings lie in the center of the city, Milan. Which types of trees are planted and where the trees are planted depend on the trees’ likes for sunlight. There is no doubt that this award-winning project is a great work.
Project in Medellin
Medellin has won high praise for its green corridors(长廊)”. This project helps the city which used to be poor and dirty get a new look. Now the30 corridors full of trees and flowers connect green spaces such as parks and gardens in Medellin. The green corridors have reduced the temperature by two degrees and helped make the air clean Bees and birds have returned. To make the beauty of the city remain, more gardening jobs have been created. Because of this, people there live more actively. Its one of the best examples driven by government which improves the environment.

26. What does the underlined word “this” refer to(指代)?
A. The air becoming clean. B. Bees and birds returning.
C. The temperature dropping D. Gardening jobs increasing.
【答案】26. D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“To make the beauty of the city remain, more gardening jobs have been created Because of this, people there live more actively.”可知为了保持城市的美丽，人们创造了更多的园艺工作，因此那里的人们生活得更加积极。所以this代指的是园艺工作的增加，故选D。
C
Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).
The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption. They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now, several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and bike companies record user speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded.
In fact, years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services. After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas. The latest chips which are popular with bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types.
Since 2000, a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 2020, the system was completed and started providing global services. Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14.000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.
33. What does the underlined word “installing” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. putting away B. putting off C. putting through D. putting in
【答案】33. D
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据“After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas.”可知北斗系统全面投入使用后，共享自行车公司开始在更多地区的更多自行车上安装基于北斗的芯片。只有D选项的putting in表示“安装”，故选D。

【2022-扬州中考】
D
Researchers at China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp a State-owned defense contractor, have developed and made the world’s first robot whale shark（鲸鲨）.

The robotic shark has been on display in an aquarium（水族馆）at Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park since January.
A whale shark is a slow-moving carpet shark and the largest known living fish.
Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based No 111 Factory, the underwater robot is 4.7 meters long, weighs 350 kilograms and can move 42 meters a minute.
Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark by moving its mechanical fins（鳍）. The mouth and gills（鳃）can also open and close like a shark’s. The biomimetic shark is made of sensors（传感器）, multi-joint fins, batteries, and systems which enable it to avoid what’s in the way in all directions.
“The robot can reach a depth of 10 meters and work for as long as 10 hours,” said Fang Xuelin, a senior researcher in charge of the robot shark program.
“The shark can be remotely controlled and can also swim based on preset programs or its own sensors,” he said.
“We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes, and the robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far,” Fang added. “Our robots are to serve three purposes—to perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic（水生的）animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection.”
“The factory now plans to develop more types of aquatic robots, including some extinct mammals（哺乳动物）, for display in parks and schools. It will also promote the products to businesses engaged in fields such as underwater salvage and mineral prospecting,” he said.
43. What does the underlined word “biomimetic”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. 仿生的 B. 虚拟的 C. 杂交的 D. 变异的
【答案】43. A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based No 111 Factory”及第五段“Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark”可知，鲸鲨是工程师设计和制作出来的，像真实的鲨一样可以游泳，转弯，漂浮和潜水。“biomimetic”表达“仿生的”。故选A。

【2022-宿迁中考】
C
Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks.
Each of them is divided into two parts-the core（核心）protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed. And the general control area is open to the public, allowing travel activities such as camping and hiking. In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms. People can learn about different kinds of animals and plants through eco-friendly（环保的）travel activities.
The national parks can also be helpful to local people. The building of these national parks provides many jobs for local people. People living in or around the parks can work as park rangers（护林员）and guides. They can also sell some eco-friendly things with local colour. So their yearly incomes（收人）will grow a lot.
Then let’s take a look at the five national parks.

Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau（青藏高原）, is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it “China’s water tower”.

Northeast China Tiger and Leopard（豹）National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres. It is our country’s biggest and only place for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards to live in.

Wuyi Mountain National Park in Fujian Province is a UNESCO natural and cultural heritage site（遗址）. The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom（王国）of snakes and world of insects. You can also see the Danxia landform（地貌）there.

Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats（栖息地）in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild gian1 pandas. They make up over 70 percent of the pandas in China.

Hainan Tropical（热带的）Rainforest National Park is the largest tropical forest in China. There are more than 400 kinds of plants that can only be found in Hainan. The world’s only 35 Hainan gibbons（长臂猿）live there.
40. What does the underlined word “paradise” in the form above mean?
A. A perfect place. B. A happy feeling. C. A good example. D. A sweet smile.
【答案】40. A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom（王国）of snakes and world of insects.”可知，森林占公园的96%以上。公园是鸟类的天堂，蛇的王国，昆虫的世界，所以单词“paradise”指的是“天堂”，即完美之地，故选A。

☞【模拟训练】
(B)

“Keep back straight, open your shoulders, take a few deep breaths.” Let’s do yoga together. Yoga— the word shows peace and calm. Yoga is now popular around the world and it has joined the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists(非物质文化遗产).
The International Yoga Day is now celebrated on June 21st every year. Most people know yoga as a kind of exercise. Yoga is a group of physical and mental practices. It aims at developing strength and flexibility (灵活性). To practice yoga, you should learn a series of postures, where you put your body into different positions. Correct breathing is also important. However, yoga is really about more than just exercise.
The Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi once said, “A lot of people have benefitted greatly by practicing yoga in difficult times. It is a deep tradition of India.” He felt that yoga could not only help people feel healthier, but also help people connect to each other and to nature.
Yoga is now practiced by the young and the old all over the world. It is good for the mind and body. Although you won’t really get out of breath, like you might while playing football or running, it does help to keep your heart healthy and lose weight. It can also help with back pain. The breathing taught in yoga can help people reduce stress and anxiety (焦虑). It has been accepted for its influence in society, from health and medicine to education and art.
35. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. You can benefit a lot if you practice yoga.
B. Yoga is a group of physical and mental practices.
C. Yoga is practiced by the people all over the world.
D. Yoga helps people connect to each other and to nature.
36. Which can be the best title for this passage?
A. The International Yoga Day B. The ways to do yoga
C. Yoga—a popular form of exercise D. Yoga—reduce your stress
【答案】 35. A 36. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了瑜伽这种锻炼方式。
【35题详解】
段落大意题。根据“Yoga is now practiced by the young and the old all over the world. It is good for the mind and body. ”（现在全世界的年轻人和老年人都在练习瑜伽。它对身心都有好处。）可知最后一段是在将练习瑜伽的好处，故选A。
【36题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了瑜伽这种锻炼方式，故选C。
(D)

Long long ago, there was a piece of wood. It was not an expensive piece of wood. Just a common block of firewood, one of those thick legs that are put on the fire to make cold rooms warm.
I do not know how this really happened, one fine day this piece of wood found itself in the shop of an old carpenter (木匠). Everyone called him Mastro Cherry, for the tip of his nose was so round and red that it looked like a ripe cherry.
As soon as he saw that piece of wood, Mastro Cherry was filled with joy. Rubbing his hands together happily, he said to himself: “This has come in time. I’m in need of a leg of the table.” But as he was about to give it the first blow, he stood still with arm uplifted, for he had heard a little voice say: “Please be careful! Do not hit me so hard!” What a surprise!
He tried to find out where that voice had come from and he saw no one! He looked under the bench—no one! He searched the room—no one! He opened the door to look around the street—and still no one!
“Oh, I see!” he then said, laughing and shaking his head “There may be something wrong with my ears.”
“Well, well—to work once more.” He struck another blow hard on the piece of wood.
“Oh, oh! You hurt me!” cried the same far-away little voice.
Mastro Cherry’s mouth opened wide, turned frightened eyes and his tongue hung down on his chin (下巴). “Where did that voice come from? This piece of wood has learned to cry like a child? Here it is—a piece of common firewood, the same as any other. Yet—might someone be hidden in it? If so, the worse for him. I’ll fix him!” With these words, he started to knock it. He threw it to the floor, against the walls, and even up to the ceiling.
He listened for the tiny voice to cry. He waited two minutes—nothing; five minutes--nothing; ten minutes—nothing. “Oh, I see,” he said, trying bravely to laugh and touching his hair. “Well, well—to work once more!” So he tried to sing a merry song to get power, and worked on.
“Stop it! Oh, stop it! You tickle my stomach.” This time poor Mastro Cherry fell as if shot. When he opened his eyes, he found himself sitting on the floor.
42. The underlined word “struck” in Paragraph 6 probably means ________.
A. hit B. fought C. shook D. rose
【答案】42. A
【解析】词义猜测题。由第七段句子“Oh, oh! You hurt me!”可知，这句话是说他又在那块木头上狠狠地打了一下，stick的意思是“打”，故选A。
B
Cats and dogs are some of the most popular pets. There is an old question—which one is better and why?
If you ask me, I’m a cat person through and through.
To me, there is nothing better than having a cat of your own. Every time I see a cat, I am filled with so much fun. Don’t even get me started on all of the cute cat videos online.
Cats are very careful in life. When they are in danger, their eyes will be much bigger, their tails will be like a stick and they shout very loudly. After the danger, they will relax and then immediately go to sleep again!
Cats are very independent（独立的）. They like to have their own space. But this doesn’t mean that they don’t love people. Cats may seem cold at first, but they can quickly warm up to their owners and become their very best friends.
Even though they are independent, cats can also be a lot of responsibility（责任）and hard work.
For example, cats like to be clean. You usually don’t need to give them baths, but you do need to keep their fir clean and clean their litter boxes（猫砂盆）every day.
Not only this, cats also need exercise and a healthy diet. Cats don’t need to go outside for a daily walk like dogs do, but it’s important to give them a lot of exercise through playtime.
For me, cats are the perfect friends. There’s nothing better than a cat sitting next to you after a long day’s work.
34. What does the underlined expression “through and through” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. 穿过 B. 凭借 C. 彻底 D. 尽管
【答案】34. C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“To me, there is nothing better than having a cat of your own.”可知，作者很喜欢猫，是个彻头彻尾的爱猫人，结合选项，“through and through”表示“彻底”。故选C。
D
The year 2040 sounds like a long way off. By that time, what will technologies have looked like and what changes will they have brought to classrooms? Here are some examples of what we may see in schools in the coming years.
Interactive walls（互动墙）
In traditional classrooms, teachers write on blackboards. But in future classrooms, teachers will write all the important points on interactive walls. The difference is that interactive walls can also show what students have written on their own desks. It can encourage them to take part in classroom activities and to become more active in their learning.
Holograms（全息图）
What does the inside of a planet look like? Most of us learn about this from photos in books. But it is hard to imagine and to understand a planet only through the use of flat pictures. Students in the future are likely to have a very different experience. With the help of holographic technology（全息技术）, they can learn from 3-D image （三维图像）that are projected inside of the classroom.
Virtual reality（虚拟现实）
Virtual reality has been used to teach pilots how to fly planes. In 2040, it may provide students with immaterial scenes（沉浸式场景）. For example, when they learn about an ancient queen, they will be able to “walk” in her castle. They will not only read about history, but also “experience” it.
45. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Technologies in 2040 B. Examples in 2040 C. Classrooms in 2040 D. Teachers in 2040
【答案】 45. C
【解析】最佳标题题。根据“By that time, what will technologies have looked like and what changes will they have brought to classrooms?”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了2040年的教室的一些变化，故选C。
B
A few years ago, a friend sent me a restaurant gift card, and I picked a sunny Sunday afternoon to use it. It was my first time to take my two little daughters to such a nice restaurant, How lucky our dream finally came true.
We had a good time that day, for the delicious meal and great service. The gift card covered most of the checks（账单）and I would pay for the rest by myself. There were only two bills（钞票）in my wallet. The first would be just enough for the rest. The second could even give the waiter a nice tip（小费）. I decided to give the first bill to the waiter by the table.
At that moment, my memory went back to 10 years ago. I was working as a waiter in a restaurant much like this one. It was long hours of hard work for low pay, I remembered I went home just making a little money to feed my young family. I remembered how more than once I saw the waiters counting their small tips while worrying about their rent（房租）and the things that they need to buy for kids. I also remembered the pain in their eyes and the sadness on their faces at the end of the day.
Touching the smaller bill in my wallet, I saw myself from the waiter. Then I changed my idea. I smiled, pushed it back and picked out the larger bill. As we all got up from the table. I handed the bill and gift card to the hard-working waiter. “You keep the changes.” I said with a smile.
The waiter seemed too happy to say any words.
We are all one family in this world.We live together, suffer together and love together. Think more for others and do our best to be kind.
36. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. A gift card from a friend B. The importance of a nice tip
C. A bill with kindness D. The strong will from hard life
【答案】 36. C
【解析】最佳标题。本文介绍了作者带着自己一家人使用优惠卡在一家饭店消费后，买单瞬间因为想到自己过去的艰辛经历，而动了恻隐之心，有意拿出大面额的钞票买单，将多余部分作为小费给服务员的善举故事。选项C“A bill with kindness善意的账单”做标题最合适。故选C。
C
On March 21, 2022, China Eastern Airlines Flight MU5735 crashed in Tengxian county, in Guangxi. CAAC issued a preliminary report on April, 20. The black boxes were severely damaged and data（数据）retrieval is underway.
Do you know black boxes?
Black boxes are special instruments. They are mainly used on planes to record all in flight information. They are recorders for the purpose of making it easier to know how the accidents happened in flight.
An airplane actually has two black boxes. The flight data recorder catches the information, which can discover whether human error or instrument problems contributed to an accident. The cockpit（驾驶舱）voice recorder records pilot voices and cockpit sounds.
The black boxes are not black. They are painted bright orange to make them easy to see after accidents. Because the instruments are often burned and turned into black after air accidents. People often call them black boxes. The outside is with stripes of reflective tape（反光带）. The black boxes are usually placed in the tail of a plane where they are more likely to survive a crash. A flight data recorder is required to store at least 25 hours of flight information. A cockpit voice recorder is required to record at least 2 hours of audio information.
For the black boxes to survive a crash, they are built to be waterproof, fireproof, shockproof, heat and pressure and corrosion resistant（耐腐蚀）. The black boxes must be able to hold 3,400 times the force of gravity, when the airplane goes down at the speed of about 500 km/h. They can survive in as deep as 6,000 meters underwater or a very high temperature-one hour at 1,100 degrees centigrade. They can send signals（信号）for one month so that people can find them.
How is data from black boxes picked up? It needs special skills to physically bring the black boxes back. Investigators（调查者）may need to clean and dry the black boxes and download data from them. It takes time to download and get the information from data. If the storing units go wrong, it will take longer time, either days or months.
So, the black boxes are very important to explain to everyone what happened during the flight.
40. This passage mainly tells us ________.
A. how long black boxes work B. how black boxes pick up data
C. what messages black boxes carry D. what we know about black boxes
【答案】 40. D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Do you know black boxes?”以及全文可知本文主要讲述了一些关于黑匣子的一些信息，故选D。
D
Scrooge was a cold, greedy（贪婪的）, mean（吝啬的）, old man! The cold within him froze his old face. It made his eyes red and his thin lips blue. And it spoke out in his unkind voice. A frost（霜）covered his head, his eyebrows, and his pointed chin. His office is quite cold even at Christmas.
Nobody ever stopped Scrooge in the street to say. “My dear Scrooge. How are you?” No beggars(乞丐) asked him for a penny. No children asked him. “What time is it?” No man or woman ever asked Scrooge for directions. And even dogs ran away from him.
Once upon a time, on Christmas Eve, old Scrooge sat in his office. It was a cold and foggy day. He could hear the people outside, stamping their feet on the pavement to warm themselves. It was only three o’clock, but it was already quite dark. The candles were flickering（闪烁）in the windows of the neighbouring offices. The fog poured in through every keyhole. It was so thick that you could hardly see the houses on the other side of the street.
The door of Scrooge’s office was open so that he could keep his eye on his clerk（职员）, Bob Cratchit. Bob sat in a cold, dark and small room. He was writing letters. Scrooge had a very small fire, but Bob’s fire was even smaller. Bob couldn’t add any more coal because Scrooge kept the coal box in his room. So Bob put on his winter woolen scarf and tried to warm himself by the candle.
“Merry Christmas, Uncle, and God bless you!” cried a happy voice. It was Scrooge’s nephew（侄子）Fred.
“Bah!” said Scrooge. “Humbug（谎话）!”
“Christmas is a humbug, Uncle!” said Scrooge’s nephew. “You don’t mean that, I’m sure.” “I do,” said Scrooge. “Merry Christmas! What reason have you got to be happy? You’re poor to be happy.”
“Oh,” said his nephew, laughing. “What reason have you got to be sad? You’re rich enough. Don’t be angry. Uncle!” said his nephew.
“What else can I be?” replied Scrooge. “I live in a world of fools. Merry Christmas! What’s Christmas time to you? It’s a time for paying bills without money. It’s a time for finding yourself a year older, but no richer,” said Scrooge.
—Taken from A Christmas Carol
42. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the third paragraph?
A. The weather. B. The window. C. The fog. D. The candle.
【答案】 42. C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“The fog poured in through every keyhole. It was so thick that you could hardly see the houses on the other side of the street.”可知，雾从每一个钥匙孔涌进来。它很浓，你几乎看不到街对面的房子。It指代“The fog”，故选C。
B
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws（吸管）and bags. More and more businesses are switching（转换）to paper products as an alternative（可供选择的事物）. Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too.
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere（大气）. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation（毁林）.
Secondly, the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process（过程）than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Furthermore, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents. The most environment-friendly solution（解决办法）is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. Through increasing the use of these items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!
37. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To push for an end to plastic straws and bags.
B. To tell readers the disadvantages of paper products.
C. To push the use of environment-friendly products which can be recycled.
D. To introduce the importance of making our earth a greener place.
【答案】 37. B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了纸制品对于环境的危害，并建议人们使用可以重复使用的产品。故选B。
C
I decided to explore the island and set off cautiously（谨慎地）so that I was not attacked. I found a road with tracks of human feet as well as of cows and horses. Suddenly, I saw some strange disgusting creatures（生物）with long hair. They were dirty and smelly.
They wanted to attack me, but suddenly all of them ran away when a grey horse came close. Later, another large horse arrived and they began talking about me. They made horsey sounds which were only understood by themselves and kept checking me and touching my clothes and body. I heard the word “Yahoo” in their conversation again and again. I could remember that these horses were really intelligent（聪明）as they communicated in a logical（合乎逻辑的）manner.
The horses showed that they wanted to take me somewhere. So I followed them to a large wooden building. To my surprise, there weren’t any humans but horses inside. Again, when they spoke about me, the word “Yahoo” was repeated many times.
One horse took me outside. Here there were three of the smelly creatures who tried to attack me earlier. The horse put me near the creatures and I realized that it wanted to compare me with them. At first I felt insulted（侮辱的）to be compared with these dirty ones. But when I looked closer, I discovered that they were exactly like me—________.
The creatures were the Yahoos, which mean humans like me. However, what the horses didn’t understand was why I was so similar to them horses. Even I didn’t want to associate（混在一起） with these creatures. I immediately understood that I preferred the company of horses.
39. What does the word “disgusting” mean in the passage?
A. horrible B. gentle C. intelligent D. wonderful
【答案】 39. A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据后句“They were dirty and smelly.”可猜测“disgusting”意为“恶心的，令人厌恶的”，“horrible”也可意为“可恶的，讨厌的”。故选A。
D
China’s Shenzhou-13 crew members, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu livestreamed (II播) the first science lecture from the country’s space station on Thursday, December 9, 2021, which amazed many students on the earth.
All crew members greeted students, teachers and other participants when the lecture started. They showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station, which currently includes a core module (核心舱), a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.
The astronauts showed their exercise equipment and a specially designed space suit and conducted demonstrations (演示) on physical phenomena (现象) in microgravity, such as “disappearing buoyancy (浮力)” and a “water ball”. Ye, who is on his first spaceflight, showed how he rotated (旋转) his body in the weightless environment. The astronauts also answered questions from students during the lecture.
Tens of millions of primary and middle school students across China watched the televised event hosted by the China Manned Space Agency, the Ministry of Education and other government departments.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China’s first extraterrestrial (外显的) lecture series to popularize space science.
More lectures will be held based on the country’s manned spaceflights and will also be presented by Chinese astronauts. the Manned Space Agency said. Such activities aim to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and spark enthusiasm (热情) for science among young people.
Shi Yi, a physics teacher from Tianjin, said the space lecture was an eye-opening experience that would develop students’ interest in science.
Wang Yishan, a fifth-grade student at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, said, “The astronauts’ experiments really interested and surprised me. I have great interest in spaceflight and would like to take part in our country’s space exploration program in the future.”
Vincent Wong Wai-shing, headmaster of Hongkong’s Pui Kiu College, said the event gave Hong Kong students a chance to communicate with the astronauts while developing their interest in space and science. “It also helped to strengthen their sense of national identity (民族认同) as they saw the rapid progress of our country’s space technology,” he said.
43. What does the underlined word “microgravity” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A. 微软 B. 微循环 C. 微生物 D. 微重力
【答案】 43. D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“such as ‘disappearing buoyancy’ and a ‘water ball’ ”可知，他们对诸如“消失浮力”和“水球”等物理现象进行了演示，而这些演示是在微重力的环境中进行的，因此“microgravity”意为“微重力”。故选D。
C
Today, an increasing number of people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. These people are called the “Heads down Tribe（低头族）”. Are you a heads down tribe member? Heads down tribe members now can be seen everywhere. More and more traffic accidents are happening because more drivers use mobile phones while driving. In order to make drivers pay more attention to driving, heads down tribe members who use mobile phones while driving in Taiwan are fined.
As we can see above, using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost a lot of money. Besides, more and more interesting and strange facts happen to the “Heads down Tribe”. Let’s have a look at an interesting TV report. A man in America kept using his mobile phone on his way home. As a result（撞上） a big lost bear. When he lifted his eyes from the phone, he was so scared that he turned around and ran away as quickly as possible. Another fact is that we can often see people in the restaurants eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones. It’s strange that they don’t talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun communicating with others on the phones.
Mobile phones are helpful and necessary for modern life. Are mobile phones good or not? It depends on how people use them. Let’s be “healthy” users and try to be the “Heads up Tribe”.
41. What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To call on us to use mobile phones in a right way.
B. To give some advice on how to drive cars and motorcycles safely.
C. To ask people to buy more and more mobile phones.
D. To show us how to avoid being fined while driving in the city.
【答案】 41. A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Let’s be ‘healthy’ users and try to be the ‘Heads up Tribe’.”可知，作者呼吁大家不要做低头族。故选A。
D
When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. “And now.” CNN says, “it’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastics per liter of (每升) snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic?
According to scientists, it’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air. They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our waste water, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
43. The underlined word “contribute” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 增加 B. 捐赠 C. 影响 D. 贡献
【答案】 43. A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.”可知，微塑料可能会导致肺癌风险，所以contribute与cause同义，故选A。
B
A few days later the children are in Helen’s room.
“What are you doing with the bandage?” asks Roger.
“There is something wrong with Dacty’s wing. My room is too small and he keeps banging his wings against the walls and furniture. He can’t fly. I feel sorry for him. And he is always hungry. Can you get something for him from the kitchen?”
Roger goes into the kitchen and cooks a big plate of sausages.
Helen helps Dacty down from her wardrobe. Roger puts the plate with the sausages in front of Dacty and the pterodactyl quickly eats them all up. Then he tries to fly on to the top of Helen’s wardrobe, but he can’t.
“Mum, we have to take Dacty to a vet. He can’t fly. There’s something wrong with his wing. Can you take us?”
“All right. Put him into the big basket.”
“And mum, don’t tell the vet that he is a pterodactyl,” says Helen. “We don’t want people to find out we’ve got a dinosaur in our house. There’ll be stories in all the newspapers.”
“Okay, I won’t say a word,” says mum.
When they get to the surgery, the vet looks very carefully at Dacty. “The wing is not broken, but it needs rest. I’ll put a splint on it and it will be better soon. But what sort of bird is this? What happened to his feathers?”
“Oh, he’s a special turkey from South America, and they don’t have feathers,” says Roger. “Oh, yes, of course,” says the vet, but she looks a little confused.
Two weeks later Dacty’s wing is better. Helen and Roger want to see if he can fly. They wait until it is dark and they take Dacty outside into the garden in a big basket.
36. What does the underlined word stories refer to?
A. News about birds. B. News about Dacty.
C. News about the vet. D. News about Helen’s house.
【答案】 36. B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据“people to find out we’ve got a dinosaur in our house”及“in all the newspapers”可知，句子表达报纸上会出现达蒂的新闻，“stories”表达“News about Dacty”。故选B。
C
We feel angry or guilty about the things we did or did not achieve, about the things we cannot have, and many other things. It seems that everyone carries their own bad moods. But neither guilt nor anger can help us. Over time, they can be heavy weights on our shoulders.
These bad moods don’t do anything good for us at all. So you might ask yourself — is it possible to put down this heavy burden (负担) and give yourself a break? It is quite possible. Start by actually looking at your feelings. How do they get inside of us? Why do we carry them for so long instead of putting them down? Can we live without them?
By thinking about our bad moods, we can find healthy ways to deal with them. Unhealthy behaviors are not the way to do this. They provide no relief. Instead, there are better ways to deal with them. One of the best ways is forgiveness(谅解).
Forgiveness is a powerful tool. We should forgive ourselves first. We shouldn’t keep bad moods inside. We must also forgive others who have made us guilty or angry. This is not always easy. But when we learn to forgive ourselves, it becomes easier to forgive others as well.
There is nothing good about carrying years of emotional burdens. By forgiving ourselves and others, we can abandon our burdens and feel better about ourselves. The moment you do this, you will start to feel a lot lighter. Years of heaviness will be magically lifted! You’ll start to feel like you have more energy and you’ll be much happier with your life.
40. What does the underlined word “abandon” in the last paragraph mean?
A. put away B. carry on C. stay with D. give up
41. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Forget about forgiveness. B. Forgive your mistakes.
C. Become an energetic person. D. Clear yourself of burdens.
【答案】40. D 41. D
【解析】
【40题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“By forgiving ourselves and others, we can abandon our burdens and feel better about ourselves.”可知通过原谅我们自己和他人，我们可以减少我们的负担并感觉更好，故此处划线部分意为“放弃”。故选D。
【41题详解】
最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了我们要摆脱坏情绪，放下负担，故以选项D“清除自己的负担”为标题更合适。故选D。
D
To feed the world’s growing population, global agriculture will need to produce more food in the next 50 years than in the past 10,000 years. However, as weather patterns continue to change because of the climate change, this task becomes more difficult. Luckily, Alphabet, the parent company of Google, is working on a farming project called Mineral to help solve the problem.
The team spent several years talking with farmers to see what problems they were having and how these problems might be fixed. This led to the invention of “Plant Buggy”, a special kind of robot that collects information about crops in detail.
At first, the Buggies were very simple. They were built on bicycles and took photos with phones. Over the years, they’ve been greatly improved. Now, they move on four big wheels that are high enough to run over rows of plants. The wheels are also strong, allowing them to move through muddy (泥泞的) fields. The robots are covered in solar panels (太阳能板) to save energy. They can take pictures of each plant, remember each plant’s location and measure its size. Studying the plant one by one can save time and money for farmers. For example, if Plant Buggies tell which plants have diseases, farmers can quickly clear them before they ruin other crops.
From strawberry fields in California to soybean fields in Illinois, Plant Buggies are learning about crops from sprout (发芽) to harvest, so scientists can find new ways to help understand how plants grow and interact with their environment.
43. What does the third passage mainly talk about?
A. The changes of the Buggies. B. The wheels of the Buggies.
C. The structures of the Buggies. D. The covers of the Buggies.
【答案】 43. A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“At first, the Buggies were very simple. They were built on bicycles and took photos with phones. Over the years, they’ve been greatly improved.”可知最开始Buggies 很简单，然后这些年有了很大的改变，本段介绍了Buggies的改变。故选A。
B
Do you like to eat out and treat yourself to delicious food? Many people are used to choosing hearty (丰盛的), fat-filled dishes and high-sugar desserts, which are not easily cooked at home, though they may be unhealthy.
According to Economic Daily, low-fat and high-fiber meals have become popular in China’s restaurants and online delivery platforms. The recent rise of light meals gives diners a smarter choice. Restaurants serving light meals have increased from just 600 in 2017 to more than 3, 500 in 2018. According to a report by Meituan, a major online food platform, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from last year.
Having a light meal, however, doesn’t mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a light meal avoids oily, salty and spicy food. Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Healthy nutrients (营养成分) are the theme of the light meal. These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight. That’s probably why so many people, especially millennials (千禧一代), are into them. Diners see it as “a great way to avoid getting fat”.
Zou Jing, a college teacher in Wuhan, shared a picture of her lunch: a mixture of beef, eggs, corn, mushrooms and cherry tomatoes. She told China Daily, “After eating several light meals, I felt my appetite (胃口) has shrunk. I now prefer light meals.”
These changes in eating behavior are connected to deeper changes in how people think about food. People are more interested in diet quality, not numbers, which is important for both weight control and health. So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal. It will satisfy not only your stomachs, but maybe your hearts.
35. What is the meaning of the underlined word “shrunk” in Paragraph 4?
A. Got bigger. B. Got better. C. Got worse. D. Got smaller.
37. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Avoiding meat is a healthy lifestyle.
B. Light meals are becoming more and more popular.
C. People like going into restaurants for dinners.
D. Eating out is unhealthy.
【答案】 35. D 37. B
【解析】
【35题详解】
词句猜测题。根据原文“I now prefer light meals”可知，Zou Jing现在更喜欢清淡的饭菜，说明她的胃口变小了。故“shrunk”有“变小”之意。故选D。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据原文“According to Economic Daily, low-fat and high-fiber meals have become popular in China’s restaurants and online delivery platforms … Restaurants serving light meals have increased from just 600 in 2017 to more than 3, 500 in 2018”可知，这篇文章的主旨是说轻食变得越来越受欢迎。故选B。
C
There’s an unwritten rule among documentary film-makers—to watch, but not intervene（干涉）. But a BBC documentary worker in Antarctica made a hard decision to intervene when several emperor penguin mothers and their babies became trapped in a ravine（深沟）.
In one of the Dynasties series, mother penguins can be seen leaving babies behind when they can’t get out from the ravine. Some babies died from the freezing low temperatures.
After a storm, the workers returned to the area and decided to do something. In the beginning, they are not sure about the proper way to help with the least intervene. Finally, they built a ramp to help the remaining penguins climb to safety.
“We chose to intervene with the least influence,” said the shows director, Will Lawson. “Once we’d dug that little ramp, which took very little time, we left it to the birds. We were excited when they decided to use it.”
The show’s creator, Sir David Attenborough, is known for his strong support to let nature take its course. But in this case.he said he would have intervened.
“It’s very rare for the film workers to intervene,” he said. “But they realize that they might be able to save some of these birds simply by digging a few steps in the ice.”
“It’s such an unusual condition to do this,” he added. “It wasn’t dangerous. You weren’t touching the animals and by doing this, they had the chance to get out of the trouble.”
Although different people hold different views, the workers have received more praise from the public for what they did.
40. What does “this” in paragraph 7 refer to?
A. Digging some steps in the ice. B. Doing nothing.
C. Touching the animals. D. Making a decision.
【答案】 40. A
【解析词句猜测题。根据第六段“they realize that they might be able to save some of these birds simply by digging a few steps in the ice”可知，工人打算在冰上挖几个台阶，故下文的“this”指代的是“在冰上挖台阶”。故选A。
C
The average worldwide commute（通勤）is around 40 minutes. But UK workers are travelling 54 minutes and Londoners commute about 80 minutes by car and over two hours by train every day. What can these commuters in the UK teach us about how best to behave during all that time spent in cars, trains and buses?
First of all, travel manners are important. A recent article asked its readers to describe which of the commuters’ actions are bad manners. Top answers included making too much noise, eating badly-smelt food and putting feet up on the seats. Several readers even mentioned a passenger who clipped their toenails（修指甲）on the train.
But a long commute isn’t just about unhappy experiences. Many UK commuters can make use of their time on transport creatively. 37-year-old Ben Yallop used his daily three-hour trip to write and publish two novels. 24-year-old Amy Dickett uses her 90-minute trip to take pictures of other commuters for her Commute Blog. She takes a picture and asks them to tell her something surprising about themselves. “Usually they are surprised but glad to have some fun on an otherwise boring journey. Often the people around us join in and will ask their own questions,” she said.
So, no matter where or how your journey is, learn from the UK commuters. _________.
37. Which of the following sentences is the most suitable for the part “________”?
A. Then you will find time spent on the train passes quickly
B. But make sure you choose the most comfortable seat
C. Mind your manners and try to use your time in creative ways
D. Commuters of other countries may not agree with British people
【答案】37. C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据前句“So, no matter where or how your journey is, learn from the UK commuters.(因此，无论你的旅程在哪里或如何，都要向英国的通勤者学习)”可猜测出，后句应是：注意你的举止，努力以创造性的方式利用你的时间。故选C。
D
Seeing blood in a horror movie might make you scream or cover your eyes, but real blood isn’t scary at all. Blood keeps us alive. That’s why blood donors are considered lifesavers.
Blood donors are people who give blood—usually about 200 ml at a time—to blood banks or blood donation centres. The blood is then available for people who have lost blood in accidents, need operations, or have a serious illness that requires their blood to be replaced.
Hospitals and blood banks store the blood and try to keep enough on hand for major emergencies (紧急情况), such as typhoons and earthquakes, in which many people are injured.
Donating blood is easy. Medical workers ask donors several questions about their health, as well as test their blood, to make sure the blood is safe to use. Then the donors relax, often reading a magazine or talking as their blood is drawn. Afterward, the donors may receive some juice or water and maybe fruit or cookies to give them energy before leaving the donation centre. The whole process is simple and quick, not scary. After blood donation, the donors had better rest and not overwork. Most people are able to donate blood again in about two months if they wish.
To give blood, a person must be at least 18 years old and must meet certain other requirements. Students of all ages, though, can learn more about the donation process by visiting a local blood donation centre. Donating blood is one of the easiest ways to save lives and help a community.
38. What does the underlined phrase mean in Chinese?
A. 献血者 B. 献血证 C. 采血员 D. 血液检测
【答案】38. A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Blood donors are people who give blood—usually about 200 ml at a time—to blood banks or blood donation centres.”可知，“Blood donors”是向血库或献血中心献血的人，即献血者。故选A。