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初中英语动词时态归纳
展开动词时态归纳一、一般现在时: 1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。也可表客观规律以及在时间,条件状语从句中表将来时(主将从现) 2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构:①be动词;am/is/are ②行为动词 :动词原形、第三人称单数。4.否定形式:①am/is/are+not;② don’t /doesn’t +动词原形+……5.一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;② Do/Does +…+动词原形+…? 二、一般过去时: 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, this morning 3.基本结构:①be动词;was/were …②行为动词 :动词的过去式4.否定形式:①was/were+not;② didn’t +动词原形5.一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;② Did +…+动词原形……?三、现在进行时: 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, look,listen ,can you see? Can’t you see ?之类的暗示语。3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句:Is /Are …+doing sth ?四、过去进行时: 1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语:at this/that time yesterday, at that time,at sixyesterday evening ,from eight o’clock to nine o’clock last night 或以when/while引导的时间状语(过去进行时+when+一般过去时/ 一般过去时+while +过去进行时/过去进行时+while +过去进行时)。 3.基本结构: was/were+doing 4.否定形式: was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句: 把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时: 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc. 3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句: 把have或has放于句首。6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问7.注意:1).have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别 have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地,现人已返回。(once ,twice ….) have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地,人还未返回。(where is sb ?) have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。(for…../ since …..)2).与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。Come/go to ------ be at /in leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be 3).现在完成时的四种句型: A).主语+短暂性动词的过去式+ 时间+ago B).主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since …. ago . C).It’s +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式 D).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式His grandfather died two years ago .His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years. _____two years _____ his grandfather ____. Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather _____.4).现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时与现在有关的时态,他侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关,若询问该动作发生的具体的时间时,只能用一般现在时。Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he has.When ____ he _____(return) it ?He ____ (return)it yesterday afternoon .六、一般将来时: 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ) ,soon, in+一段时间, by…,the day after tomorrow, this evening ,tonight 3.基本结构:1).am/is/are/going to + do;2).will/shall + do. 3).用现在进行时表示将来,动词come, go ,start,leave ,fly,move ,begin ,get ….4).当主句为一般将来时,由if ,as soon as ,until, when ,before, after, unless 引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。4.否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
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