热点10 典型结构在写作中的运用-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练

这是一份热点10 典型结构在写作中的运用-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练，文件包含热点10典型结构在写作中的运用解析版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx、热点10典型结构在写作中的运用原卷版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共73页， 欢迎下载使用。
十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点10 典型结构在文写作中的运用

1.（2022年，新高考I 卷）假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华, 请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括:
1. 节目介绍;
2. 访谈的时间和话题。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Caroline,
I'm Li Hua, the chief editor of the English channel “ Talk and Talk” at our Campus Radio Station.
“Talk and Talk” is a talk show, which often invites some native English teachers to talk about English learning with Chinese students,as well as some students to share their English learning experience. It is significant for students to learn from native English speakers. With great appreciation, we sincerely invite you to our show to share your advice on English learning. The coming show is on next Tuesday morning and the topic will focus on English reading strategies.We would appreciate it if you could share your time with us.
Looking forward to your earliest replay.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

书面表达解析
分析维度
内 容
主题语境
人与社会---人际沟通
话题选择
邀请外教参加访谈（时间、地点、情况介绍、话题确认）
对接课标
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》“普通高中英语课程语言技能内容要求”：“必修”---根据表达目的选择适当的语篇类型/根据表达的需要选择词汇和语法结构/根据表达的需要选择正式语或非正式语。
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》“高中英语课学业质量水平二”：（2-13）能在书面表达中有条理地描述自己或他人的经历，阐述观点，表达情感态度/（2-14）能在表达过程中有目的地选择词汇和语法结构，确切表达意思，体现意义的逻辑关联性。
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》“高中英语课学业质量水平三”：（3-13）能通过书面方式再现想象的经历和事物，对事实、观点、经历进行评论/（3-14）能使用衔接手段有效提高书面语篇的连贯性。
语篇类型
邀请信：英文邀请信主要分为以下两种：一种属于个人类，例如邀请某人共进晚餐、参加宴会、观看电影或者出席典礼等等。另一种邀请函那么属于事务类的信函，一般是邀请参加会议、学术活动等等。 第一种邀请信邀请的对象一般是朋友、熟人，所以内容格式上要求都比拟松，可以写得随便一些。只要说明邀请的意图，说明活动的内容、时间、地点等等。但既然是邀请信，那么就一定要在信中表达非常希望对方能够参加或者出席的愿望。
写作构思
（1）确定发出邀请的人的身份：试题指出考生要以校广播站栏目负责人的身份写信；
（2）分析确定邀请的对象及参加何种活动：试题要求考生以李华的身份给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈；
（3）定位写作中的核心事项要素等：试题要求考生添加有关访谈的时间与话题的内容，这是写作成功与否的关键。
策略运用
（1）“身份+对象”精准审题：根据试题的要求，首先确定写信人与收信人的身份，以及信函中要告知的事项等，以从整体把握写作的目的与对象；
（2）“主题+话题”设计内容：本试题的主题是人际沟通，话题是要求外教参加访谈，因此在写作的时候就要将这两个方面的内容整体融入到写作的语篇中；
（3）“告知+邀请”美化表达：本试题要求写的信函，既要告知对方要做什么事，又迫切需要对方给予正向的回应，因此在语言表达上就要突出“邀请”的诚意，所用的相关句式等都要能让对方感到邀请方的真诚的态度。
备考建议
（1）熟练掌握邀请函的写作方法：书信体写作是高考英语应用文常考的语篇类型，因此在日常的复习备考的过程中，考生需要全面归纳整理有关邀请、问候、建议等的书信的写作方法；
（2）多角度的分析与整合有关校园生活、日常活动等话题的语料：高考英语应用文写作的主题与话题，多与考生的日常生活相关，如校园活动、学习情况、师生/朋友间的交往、生活中的难忘的瞬间等，因此在复习备考的过程中，考生需要尽可能的收集、整理有关日常生活的一些话题及其表达等的语料，并及时做好归类复习；
（3）归纳、整理、实践运用有关礼貌的一些用语：邀请函的主要目的就是请对方来参加某活动等，但时怎样说服对方来参加呢？这是考生在语言选择与使用上必须考虑的问题。因此，在日常的英语复习备考中，考生需要积累一定的有关书信写作的委婉表达、客套话等，以进一步增强书信内容的表达力度。
2.（2022年，新高考I卷）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. "I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him," he explained uncomfortably. "I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide."
I bit back my frustration (懊恼). I knew the coach meant well-he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer -that's all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the David faced and was school, I was familiar with the challenges the challenges proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.






I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.







【参考范文】
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. Gently and quietly, I said to him: “No one can change you except yourself. If you long to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.” He sat still with a deep breath, and slowly raised his head. I touched his hair, adding, “You have prepared so hard before this event. Why? Because you want to show up here.And you have the ability as well”. Hearing my words, David turned to me, tears spilling out of his eyes, and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what David said and gave him a determined look. “Come on, son! What are you waiting for?”He said with a loud voice.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that it was an extremely long way for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease. David persisted in running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers and fell behind other children. But it didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued running. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you, David!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s delight, he reached the final line and ranked the 30th. However, whether he won the first place or not was not important at all. It was his brave heart and strong determination that counted, which could make something unusual happen finally.

书面表达深度解析
分析维度
内 容
主题语境
人与自我---学校生活/积极的生活态度/生命的意义与价值
语篇类型
记叙文（写人记事）
话题选择
残疾学生参加赛跑
对接课标
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》“普通高中英语课程语篇知识内容要求”：“必修”---语篇中段首句、主题句、过渡句的作用、位置及行文特征/语境与语篇结构、语篇内容的关系。
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》“普通高中英语课程语言技能内容要求”：“必修”---清楚地描述事件的过程/根据表达目的选择适当的语篇类型/根据表达的需要选择词汇和语法结构/根据表达的需要选择正式语或非正式语。
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》“高中英语课学业质量水平二”：（2-13）能描述事件发生、发展的过程/能概述所读语篇的主要内容或续写语篇；（2-14）能在表达过程中有目的地选择词汇和语法结构，确切表达意思，体现意义的逻辑关联性。
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》“高中英语课学业质量水平三”：（3-13）能通过书面方式再现想象的经历和事物，对事实、观点、经历进行评论/能根据需要创建不同形式的语篇；（3-14）能使用衔接手段有效提高书面语篇的连贯性/能使用特殊词汇、语法创造性地表达意义。
源语篇解读
【语篇大意】作者是一名特殊教育教师，在大型越野赛跑那天，发现患有大脑疾病的大卫独自站在一旁。作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。从教练口中得知，因为担心同学们会嘲笑大卫，所以教练想让大卫自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让大卫追寻自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，大卫最终参赛，尽管遇到困难，他战胜了自己，这已经无关名次，而是他的勇敢和坚定让这一切成为可能。
【语篇视角】第一人称视角---特殊学校的教师
【叙事进程】叙述事实/现象/问题---分析事件背后原因---寻求解决方法---呈现解决的效果
【情感发展】（1）由往常表现反观当前异常行为：如“His usual big toothy smile was absent today.”“He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.”（2）因心感懊恼而开启解决之路：如“I bit back my frustration(懊恼).”“After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to ”（3）用教师的同理心去理解帮助孩子：如“As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.”
【矛盾冲突】虽然David可以自选是否参赛，但是该如何鼓励他勇敢接受挑战呢？
续写提示语分析
【进程分析】①由第一段首句“我们挨着坐着，但 David不愿看我一眼”和第二段首句“我看着 David和其他选手一起走向起跑线”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励 David继续完成比赛， David经过强烈的心理斗争，最终决定参加比赛。②由第二段首句“我看着 David和其他选手一起走向起跑线”可知，第二段可描写 David开始参赛，虽然中途遇到困难，但是仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛，并且因此也赢得了对手的敬意。
【情感接续】①根据第一段首句中的“David wouldn’t look at me”可知，David内心有自卑感，参赛的内驱力不足，因而作者需要通过一定的方式（话语）鼓励David，帮助他重建参赛的信心。②根据第二段首句中的“watched”与“moved up to”可以推测出，David已经走出心理阴影，作者也倍感欣慰，但是即便如此，比赛中的种种意外情况也时有发生，因此故事进程中，David可能会因遇到巨大挑战而内心产生波动，作者也会因此对此做出一定的回应。
【矛盾解决】David克服重重困难、坚定信息、相信自我，最终跑完了比赛、赢得了他人的尊敬。
重点写作策略储备
（1）源语篇的解读策略：精准定位分析源语篇中的人物/事件及相关要素特征，把握源语篇的语篇基调、情感要素、事件进程、矛盾焦点等。
（2）人物心理件刻画策略：记叙文写作除了关注故事的“六要素”外，还需要根据源语篇作者对人物、事件等的叙述与描写方法，在续写中予以还原，即在还原故事的同时，还原作者的写作方法。
（3）续写语篇整合策略：续写语篇是人物、事件、矛盾冲突、情感发展、人际关系处理、矛盾的解决之道等的综合体，因此在续写的过程中，必须首先运用一定的技巧，构建这些要素的整合图景。
（4）精准语言表达策略：续写语篇必须站在与源语篇相同的视角上，在模仿源语篇作者的语言特征的同时，精确把握写作要点，精准完成故事的续写。
备考建议
（1）掌握完整的语篇解读技巧：读后续写要想取得突破，必须在“读”与“写”上同时下功夫，而且语篇的解读是关键中的关键；
（2）突破固有的写作思维模式：读后续写虽然有固定的程式，即先读后写，以读促写，但是续写最终体现的是考生创造性综合运用语篇、语用、交际、情感等知识解决问题的能力，因此在备考的过程中，考生需要突破以往的“被动写作”的方式，要“主动”实践写作；
（3）锻炼必备的写作表达路径：读后续写的另一半是“写”，但是“写”是建立在对源语篇的完整的理解之上的，亦即建立在对源语篇的写作全面了解的基础之上的，因此在复习备考的过程中，考生需要锻炼自己的语篇写作的综合能力，建立能凸显自己的语言表达特征的写作风格与方式等。

应用文写作必备的典型结构
定语从句
1. as引导的非限制性定语从句
as“正如，正像”，既可位于句首也可位于句末。
(1)As the old saying goes，...“常言道，……”
Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn’t make a forest.” Our success is based on cooperating with others.
正如谚语所言，独木难成林。我们的成功是建立在与别人合作的基础上的。
(2)As we all know，.../As is known to us all，...“众所周知，……”
As is known to us all，London is the capital and a beautiful city of Britain.(2020·广东佛山高三教学质量监测一)
众所周知，伦敦是英国的首都和一个美丽的城市。
(3)As is often the case，...“……是常有的事”
As is often the case，people tend to talk loud in public places，annoying others around.
人们倾向于在公共场所高声谈话干扰周围的人，这是常有的事。
(4)As is shown in the chart，...“正如图表所显示的那样，……”
As is shown in the chart，the air quality of the city has become worse and worse in the past two years.
正如图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两年越来越糟糕。
2. 关系代词引导的定语从句
①At weekends，it is available all day for all the students who are interested in sports events.(2020·贵阳期末监测)
在周末，它可以为所有对体育赛事感兴趣的学生全天开放。
②As for me，I usually help to do some housework，which can not only strengthen my family bond，but also relieve the burdens of my parents.(2020·合肥市第一次质量检测书面表达)
对于我来说，我经常帮助做些家务，这不仅可以加强我的家庭关系，也减轻了父母的负担。
3. 关系副词when/where/why引导的定语从句
①Our class is planning to cycle the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30，when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide.(2020·济宁二模)
我们班计划5月30号骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛，那时全国范围内都在庆祝端午节。
②The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym，where a variety of activities are held every afternoon after school.(2020·贵阳期末监测书面表达)
体育俱乐部位于我们学校的体育馆，每天下午放学后在那里举行各种各样的活动。
4. 介词＋which/whom 引导的定语从句
both/all/none of whom/which 引导的定语从句
①Luckily，we’ll have a chance to enjoy the traditional Dragon Boat Race this time，from which you will get a better understanding of Chinese culture.
幸运的是，这次我们将有观赏龙舟赛的机会，从中你会对中国文化有更好的了解。
②We are going to hold an activity in our school，the topic of which is “Enjoy Chinese Classical Poetry”. (2020·重庆第二次调研)
我们将要在学校举办一个活动，主题是“欣赏中国古典诗歌”。
名词性从句
1. I hold the view/belief that...“我持……观点/我认为……”
We hold the firm belief that the visitors will know more about Chinese traditional culture and at the same time enjoy the beauty of it.(2020·新疆第一次检测)
我们坚信游客会了解更多的中国传统文化，与此同时享受中国传统文化的美。
2. I sincerely hope that...“我真诚地希望……”
However，some students think that...“然而，一些学生认为……”；
I know that...“我知道……”
①However，some students do not think that social practice is important and regard it as a waste of their time and consider their study as the most important thing.
然而，一些学生认为社会实践并不重要，他们认为这是浪费他们的时间，而学习才是最重要的事情。
②I’m more than delighted to receive your letter and know that you’ve been admitted to the University of Cambridge.(2019·河北五个一联盟第二次考试书面表达)
我非常高兴收到你的来信并得知你已被剑桥大学录取。
③I sincerely hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.(2020·成都市第二次质量检测书面表达)
如果方便的话，我真诚地希望您能接受我们的邀请。
3. What impresses/excites/disappoints...me most is (that). ..
“最令我印象深刻/兴奋/失望……的是……”；
What I want to tell you is that...
“我想告诉你的是……”
①What impresses me most is that our teacher always creates a kind of atmosphere where we can voice our opinions freely.(2020·日照检测书面表达)
给我印象最深的是，我们老师总是营造一种我们可以自由交流看法的氛围。
②What I want to tell you is that it is common for Senior Three students to have an experience of depression.(2020·河北衡水中学二调书面表达)
我想告诉你的是高三学生有情绪低落期是正常的。
4. I wonder if...“我想知道是否……”
I wonder if your school organizes similar charity activities as well.(2020·银川市教学质量检测书面表达)
我想知道贵校是否也组织类似的慈善活动。
5. The problem with...is that...“……的问题是……”；
The truth is that...“事实是……”；
The most important factor is that...“最重要的因素是……”；
This is because/why...“这是因为/这就是为什么……”
①But the problem is that a number of middle school students are growing increasingly addicted to phones.(2020·陕西质量检测书面表达)
但是问题是许多的中学生沉溺于手机。
②The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.
事实上，每个人都有似乎诸事不顺的一段时期，因此你没有必要太担心。
③The most important factor is that I have a good command of English and have a lot of teaching experience.
最重要的因素是我精通英语并且拥有丰富的英语教学经验。
④As we all know，reading classics is of great importance.This is because it can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.(2020·呼和浩特高三调研书面表达)
众所周知，阅读古典文学非常重要。这是因为它不仅能改善我们的学习还能丰富我们的日常生活。
6. No one can deny the fact that...“没有人能否认……的事实”
No one can deny the fact that exercising regularly is of great benefit to us，so we should change our mind and spend some time exercising every day.(2020·贵阳市适应性考试一书面表达)
没有人能否认这个事实，定期锻炼对我们有很大的好处，所以我们应该改变我们的想法，每天花一些时间锻炼。
7. Word came that...“消息传来说……”
Word came that you are coming to our school as a teacher and we are looking forward to your coming.(2020·陕西全真模拟书面表达)
消息传来说您要来我校当老师，我们都盼望着您的到来。
8. whatever/whoever 引导的名词性从句
①Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.
无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。
②Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment.
无论是谁违背学校规章制度，都一定会受到惩罚。
状语从句
1. 时间状语从句
(1)when/while...“当……时候”
They will introduce more tea culture by giving a series of performances while we are drinking tea.(2020·贵州适应性测试书面表达)
他们会在我们品茶的时候，通过一系列的表演来介绍更多的茶文化。
(2)as...“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着……”
As the world is becoming a global village，English is getting more and more important.So mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
随着世界变成一个地球村，英语变得越来越重要。因此，掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
(3)It won’t be long before...“不久就……”
How time flies！It won’t be long before I say goodbye to my high school life.(2020·成都第一次诊断)
时间过得真快！不久我就会告别我的高中生活。
(4)as soon as/the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly...“一……就……”
You are sure to fall in love with the novel the moment you set about reading it.(2020·新疆第一次适应性测试)
你一开始读这本小说，就一定会爱上它。
(5)the first/second/last time...“第一次/第二次/最后一次……”
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.(全国卷Ⅱ)
我记得上次你访问我们学校时，你让我看了有关那个主题的照片。
2. 条件状语从句
(1)as/so long as“只要”(＝on condition that)
I believe that our environment will be improved as long as we keep working together.(2020·郑州市第二次质量检测书面表达)
我相信，只要我们共同努力，我们的环境一定会得到改善。
(2)if引导的条件状语从句
If there are still other questions regarding it，please contact me as soon as possible.(2020·合肥市第一次质量检测书面表达)
如果还有其他问题，请尽快与我联系。
3. 目的状语从句
A lot of residents will take part in the activity so that they can get to know each other better and have more fun.(2020·辽宁省抚顺市六校联合体5月联考)
很多居民会参加这个活动，这样他们可以更好地了解彼此，享受更多的乐趣。
4. 地点状语从句
The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.
那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。
5. 让步状语从句
(1)no matter＋疑问词“无论……”
Every student，no matter how talented or hard－working he or she is，will come across difficulties in his or her study.
每位学生，不管他或她有多么聪明、多么努力，在学习中都会遇到困难。
(2)while/although...，...“虽然……，但是……”
While/Although it can be difficult to team up with someone I dislike，I can always learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.
虽然与我不喜欢的人共事会很难，但我总能学会容忍他的一些缺点，尽量发现他的长处。
6. 原因状语从句
①Now that we all live under one roof，we should learn how to get along well with each other.
既然我们生活在同一屋檐下，我们应该学会如何彼此相处。
②As for the Chinese reading material，I strongly recommend Journey to the West to you，because/as it is one of four classical novels and thought highly of by people both at home and abroad.(2020·新疆第一次适应性测试)
至于汉语读物，我强烈向你推荐《西游记》，因为它是四部古典小说之一，深受国内外人民的好评。
③In China，the College Entrance Examination is very important to high school students because it will decide whether they can realize their dreams for higher education.(2020·重庆市第一次调研书面表达)
在中国，高考对高中生来说是非常重要的，因为它将决定他们能否实现高等教育的梦想。
强调句
1. 强调句的结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...；
It is/was not until...that...
①It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.(2020·太原模拟)
在你慷慨的帮助下，我坚信我会尽快地适应大学生活的。
②It was you who offered me valuable advice on what to do next during my visit at the Sydney Opera House.(2020·邵阳市第三次联考书面表达)
在我参观悉尼歌剧院期间，是你给了我接下来该怎么做的宝贵建议。
③It was not until 8 o’clock that he realized he had spent the whole day on the Internet.
直到八点钟他才意识到一整天自己都在上网。
2. 强调谓语时借助于“do/does/did＋谓语动词”
I do hope you can come and learn more about Chinese culture together with me.(2020·福建省毕业班质量检查书面表达)
我真的希望你能来和我一起学习中国文化。
倒装句
1. 否定词/带有否定副词的短语＋谓语＋主语
(1)not only...but also...不但……而且……
Not only can the clubs enrich your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture，but also make your school life colorful and interesting.(2020·洛阳、许昌第一次检测)
俱乐部不仅可以丰富你的中国传统文化知识，也使你的学校生活丰富多彩、有趣。
(2)not until...直到……才
Not until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did I realize the importance of cooperating with others.
直到高中我被选为班长，我才意识到与别人合作的重要性。
(3)no sooner...than...＝hardly...when...一……就……，刚刚……就……
No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.
他一下火车，他女儿就跑向他。
2. adj.＋as/though＋主语＋be...尽管……(部分倒装)
Tired as we were，we felt happy as all the hard work paid off.
尽管我们很累，但是因为所有辛勤的劳动都得到了回报，我们感到很快乐。
3. so/such＋adj./adv.＋助动词＋主语(＋谓语)＋that...“如此……以至于……”(部分倒装)
So smoothly does the pen write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.
这只钢笔写起来那么流畅以至于它有助于改善我们的书写。
4. “only＋介词短语/状语从句/副词”位于句首引起的部分倒装
①The best way of learning idioms is through reading.Only by reading more and accumulating more can you master idioms to the greatest extent.(2020·湖北高考模拟)
学习习语的最好方法是阅读。只有多读、多积累才能最大限度地掌握习语。
②Only then did I realize that it was by getting involved in the competition that I gained more self－confidence and enjoyed the pleasure of teamwork.(2020·泰安检测)
只有在那时我才意识到，正是通过参与比赛，我才获得了更多的自信，享受到了合作的乐趣。
5. (表示地点、时间的)介词短语或副词位于句首＋谓语＋主语
At the foot of the mountain stands an old temple，which dates back to Ming Dynasty.
一座追溯至明朝的古老的寺庙屹立在山脚下。
虚拟语气
1. If I were...，I would...“如果我是……，我会……”
If I were you，I would make good use of my spare time to help him get rid of this bad habit step by step.(2020·海口调研书面表达)
要是我是你的话，我会充分利用业余时间帮助他渐渐地去掉这个坏习惯。
2. as if/though＋主语＋were/did/had done...“似乎/好像……”
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children，so all the students in our class think highly of her.
我们的班主任对待我们就像对待她自己的孩子一样，所以我们班里的学生都对她评价很高。
3. without which...“如果没有……”(引导定语从句)
I’d like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you for your generous help，without which I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.
我想借此机会表达你对我慷慨帮助的感激之情，没有你的帮助，我不会取得如此快的进步。
4. I wish...“我希望……”
I wish your father could give up drinking with your help and become healthier and happier.(2020·海口调研书面表达)
我希望在你的帮助下，你父亲会戒掉喝酒，变得更健康、更快乐。
省略句
1. if not/so/necessary/possible “如果不是这样/如果是这样/如果有必要/如果可能”
If it’s convenient for you，let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.If not，let me know what time suits you best.
如果你方便的话，我们八点半在学校大门外见面。如果不方便，请让我知道什么时间最适合你。
2. when/while doing sth“当做某事时”
While travelling along the way，we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.(2020·昆明高三摸底调研)
在沿途旅行中，我们能欣赏美丽的风景和村庄城镇的新面貌。
3. as/when done...“按照……/当……时”
As scheduled，we will meet at the school gate at 8：00 am，and it will take us about an hour to reach the destination.(2020·江西五校协作体高三模拟)
按计划，早上8点我们将在学校门口见面，然后会花费我们大约一个小时到达目的地。
存现句(there be句型)
1. There be...“存在/有……”
There is a short English film—Growing Together this weekend，which is mainly related to the development of our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
这个周末有一部主要关于我校发展的英文短片Growing Together。
2. There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”
To be honest，I have just won the first prize in the Spoken English Competition，so there is no doubt that there is not any problem for me to communicate with foreigners.(2018·浙江6月卷)
实话说，在英语口语比赛中我获得了一等奖，因此毫无疑问，与外国人交流对我来说没有困难。
3. There is no denying that...“不可否认……”
There is no denying that it was my teacher’s encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.
不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
4. There is no need to do sth“没有必要做某事”
In our life we may meet many failures.As long as we try our best，there is no need to feel regret for these failures.
生活中我们可能遇到许多的失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。
5. There is no sense/point (in) doing sth做某事没有意义/道理
There is no sense persuading him any longer.Once he has made up his mind，nothing can change it.
再劝说他也没有意义。一旦他下定决心，什么也改变不了他的主意。
6. There is much room...“有很大……的空间”
As far as I’m concerned，there is still much room for improvement.
就我个人而言，还有很大改进的空间。
7. There is a famous saying that...“有句名言说……”
There is a famous saying that “Good habits lead to good endings.”，which shows the importance of habits.
有句名言说：“好习惯带来好结果。”这表明了习惯的重要性。
非谓语动词表达
1. v.－ing形式作主语
Having a good knowledge of English grammar and going to the English corner every Sunday afternoon do a lot of good to my spoken English.(2020·桂林、贺州市调研)
拥有良好的英语语法知识，每个星期天下午参加英语角对我的英语口语有很多好处。
2. v.－ing形式/having done/v.－ed形式作状语
①Chinese classical poetry has certain rhyme and is written in simple language，making it easy to learn and recite.(2020·重庆第二次调研书面表达)
中国古典诗歌有一定的韵律，语言简单，易于学习和背诵。
②Hearing that you’re interested in the labour practice activity we are involved in at present，I’d like to introduce it to you.(2020·合肥市第一次质量检测书面表达)
听说你对我们目前开展的劳动实践活动感兴趣，我想为你介绍一下。
③Aimed at promoting the tradition，the activity was held at the nursing home by our school last Sunday.(2020·银川教学质量检测书面表达)
为了发扬这一传统，上周日我们学校在敬老院举办了这个活动。
3. v.－ing形式/v.－ed形式作定语
①There stands an old temple at the top of the hill dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
山顶上有一个追溯至明朝的古老寺庙。
②What excites me most is that there are some kinds of competitions held every few weeks，which attract many students to watch and enrich our school life.(2020·贵阳期末监测书面表达)
最让我兴奋的是每隔几周就有一些比赛，吸引了很多学生观看，丰富了我们的学校生活。
4. v.－ing形式作宾语
·主语＋谓语＋v.－ing形式
·by doing sth“通过做某事”
·have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”
①Only by making greater efforts can he make greater progress in his career.
只有通过更加努力，他才能在事业中取得更大的进步。
②I am sorry that you have trouble communicating with your parents，and I know how you feel，because I have had similar problems before.(2020·兰州市毕业班适应性练习书面表达)
很抱歉你和你的父母沟通有困难，我知道你的感受，因为我以前也有过类似的问题。
5. 动词不定式相关句型
(1)动词不定式作主语
To be here to share with you my opinions on how to get along well with our parents is my honour.
＝It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on how to get along well with our parents.(it 作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语)(2020·山西省实验中学模拟)
我很荣幸在这里与你分享如何与父母相处好的观点。
(2)动词不定式作宾语
Firstly，we want to know how much the rent will be for half a year，since my Chinese friend Li Ming and I are planning to share an apartment.(2020·哈尔滨第三中学高三一模)
首先，我们想知道半年的租金是多少，因为我的中国朋友李明和我打算合租一套公寓。
(3)动词不定式作状语
Besides，to have a better knowledge of Chinese culture，I strongly recommend you to live with a Chinese family.(2020·黑龙江六校协作体一模)
为了更好地了解中国文化，我强烈推荐你和中国家庭一起生活。
(4)动词不定式作表语
The most important thing/duty for you is to do...“对你来说最重要的事情/责任是……”
My dream is to do sth“我的理想是做……”；
The purpose of sth is to do...“某事的目的是……”
①The purpose of this program is to appreciate the beauty of Chinese ancient poetry and learn from the wisdom of the great minds of ancient China.(2020·长春质量监测一)
这个节目的目的是欣赏中国古代诗歌的美，学习中国古代伟大思想的智慧。
②As scheduled，the festival is to be held in the city hall on October 26th，lasting for three days.(2020·海南五校一模)
按计划，活动将于10月26日在市政厅举行，为期三天。
(5)动词不定式作定语
To tell the truth，I’m going to America to take part in the International Culture Week，to be held in New York this May.(2020·大连高三一模)
说实话，我要去美国参加计划今年5月在纽约举行的国际文化周。
(6)only to do sth(表示出乎意料的结果)
What’s worse，I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment，only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.
更糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，结果被建议卧床休息三天。
(7)疑问词＋to do
We have so many classical library works to read that it’s hard to know where to start.(2020·广州市高三阶段训练书面表达)
我们图书馆有这么多经典著作，真不知道从哪里开始读。
6. with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
As you know，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，I am at a loss about the major I will take up at university.
正如你所知道的，随着高考的临近，我不知道上大学选择什么专业。
it的相关句式
1. It is/was＋adj./n.＋that...
(1)It’s necessary/important that sb (should) do...“某人做……是必要的/重要的”
①It is important that everyone should learn to get along well with others in a new environment.
在新的环境中学会和他人相处对每个人都很重要。
②With the society developing very fast，it’s quite necessary that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer.
随着社会的快速发展，熟练掌握英语和电脑技能对我们来说是很有必要的。
(2)It is natural that...“……是很自然的”
To tell you the truth，it is natural that you are missing your parents and want to go home.(2020·南昌十校二模)
说实话，思念父母想回家是很自然的。
(3)It is likely that...“有可能……”
It is likely that I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.
有可能我会在学校里作为一名志愿者当教学助手。
(4)It is (high/about) time that＋主语＋did/should do...“该是……的时候了”
It is time that we human beings took/should take proper steps/measures to keep the balance of nature.
该是我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。
(5)It is/was no surprise/wonder that...“……不足为奇”
She is warm－hearted，so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.
她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境中的人们就不足为奇了。
(6)It is a pity that...“遗憾的是……”
It’s a pity that you have to go back soon，so a farewell party for you will be held in the Sun Club at 6：00 pm this Saturday.(2020·河北六校第一次联考)
遗憾的是，不久你必须回去，所以这个星期六下午6点在阳光俱乐部给你举办一个欢送会。
2. It is/was＋过去分词＋that...
(1)It is widely believed/acknowledged that...“人们普遍相信/认为……”
It’s widely acknowledged that reading benefits us in many ways.Not only can it broaden our horizons but it also deepens our thoughts.(2020·银川质量检测)
人们普遍承认，阅读在许多方面都给我们带来好处。它不仅能开阔我们的视野，而且能加深我们的思想。
(2)It is known that...(＝What is known is that.../As we all know，...)“众所周知……”
It is known that the Great Wall is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World，which is located in North China.(2020·湖南岳阳高三教学质量检测二)
＝What is known is that the Great Wall is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World，which is located in North China.
＝As we all know，the Great Wall is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World，which is located in North China.
众所周知，长城位于中国北方，是世界七大奇迹之一。
(3)It is strongly recommended that...“强烈建议……”
It is strongly recommended that the school should give students more free time to take part in sports activities.
强烈建议学校给学生们更多的自由时间来参加体育活动。
(4)It is reported/said/hoped that...“据报道/据说/人们希望……”
It is reported that French football team won championship in 2018 FIFA World Cup.
据报道，法国足球队赢得了 2018 世界杯冠军。
(5)It is thought/considered that...“……被认为……，大家认为……”
It is thought that any foreign student who is enthusiastic about China can take part in the activity.(2020·石家庄检测一)
大家认为任何一位热衷于中国的外国学生都可以参加这项活动。
3. It＋be(动词)＋n.＋to do sth
(1)It’s a great honor for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是一件非常荣幸的事情”
It is a great honor to be here on behalf of our school to inform you that we’ll invite you to see an English short film named Growing Together.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
非常荣幸代表我们学校告知你，我们将邀请你看一部名叫Growing Together的英文短片。
(2)It is a virtue and tradition for sb to do sth “做某事是某人的优良传统和美德”
It is a virtue and tradition for us Chinese people to help those in need.(2020·河南六市联考)
帮助需要帮助的人是我们中华民族的优良传统和美德。
(3)It’s my great privilege to do sth“做某事是我的莫大荣幸”
It’s my great privilege to be here，sharing this moment with our friends from the Great Britain.
在这儿与来自英国的朋友共度此刻是我的莫大荣幸。
(4)It is a good idea to do sth “做某事是个好主意”
What’s more，it is a good idea to make some Chinese friends and communicate with them as often as possible，which can improve your spoken Chinese.(2020·豫南九校第一次联考)
更重要的是，结交一些中国朋友并尽可能多地与他们交流是一个好主意，这可以提高你的汉语口语。
4. It is/was＋adj./n.＋(of/for sb) to do sth
(1)It is a pleasure to do sth“很高兴做某事”
It was a pleasure to have met you in the International Culture Festival held last week.(2020·深圳第一次调研)
很高兴在上周举行的国际文化节上认识您。
(2)It is necessary/important for sb to do sth“对某人而言做某事是必要的/重要的”
①With the world becoming a global village，it is important for everyone to have a good command of English.
随着地球变成地球村，对每个人来说精通英语是非常重要的。
②I’m very delighted to know that you’re going to visit a Chinese family.It’s necessary for you to know about table manners of China.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。
(3)It is more meaningful to do sth“做某事更有意义”
Instead of only shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
给需要的孩子捐赠书籍和体育用品比只喊空口号更有意义。
5. 主语＋think/believe/feel/make/find＋it＋adj./n.＋(of/for sb＋)to do sth
I consider it a wonderful opportunity to further understand traditional Chinese culture and express my deep love for classical Chinese poetry.(2020·长春质量监测一)
我认为这是进一步了解中国传统文化，表达我对中国古典诗歌热爱的一个很好的机会。
6. 动词＋it＋其他
(1)I’d/I’ll appreciate it if...“如果……我将感激不尽”
I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration at your convenience.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
(2)sb hate(s)/dislike(s)/love(s)/like(s) it when...“某人讨厌/喜欢……”
I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
我讨厌上班时她给我打电话，我太忙了，不能与她继续交谈。
7. it的其他相关句型
(1)It offers sb a chance to do sth“它给某人提供做某事的机会”
It offers teenagers，like you and me，a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.
它给像你和我这样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和了解中国文化的机会。
(2)It makes no sense for sb to do sth“某人做某事没有意义”
It makes no sense at all for parents to let children study their lessons all the day.
父母让孩子们整天学习功课根本就没有意义。
(3)It goes without saying that...“毫无疑问/不言而喻……”
It goes without saying that a good campus environment is of great importance to our growth.
不言而喻，一个良好的校园环境对我们的成长非常重要。
(4)It takes (sb) some time/energy/effort to do sth“做某事花费了(某人)一些时间/精力/力气”
It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.
他们大约花费了半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。
(5)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that...“它展示了当今一个普遍现象……”
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that more and more young people are addicted to online games.
它展示了当今一个普遍现象：越来越多的年轻人沉迷于网络游戏。
(6)It is no use/good doing sth“做某事没有用处/好处”
In fact，it is no use complaining that you don’t have an opportunity to get an ideal job.
事实上，你抱怨得不到理想工作的机会是没有用的。
(7)It is the first time for sb to do sth“某人第一次做某事”；
It is the first time that sb has/have done sth“某人第一次做某事”
Since it is the first time for us to go to Australia，we’d like to know the details about the accommodations so that we can make good preparations in advance.
＝Since it is the first time that we have gone to Australia，we’d like to know the details about the accommodations so that we can make good preparations in advance.(2020·安徽第一次检测)
因为这是我们第一次去澳大利亚，所以我们想了解住宿的详细情况以便我们能提前做好准备。
(8)When it comes to...“当谈到……”
When it comes to this topic，I want to say that I like to learn something about western dance.(2019·天津卷)
谈到这个话题，我想说的是，我喜欢学习一些西方舞蹈。
(9)As sb put(s) it...“正如某人所说的那样……”
As our coach often puts it，everything is possible if we keep on.
正如我们教练常说的那样，只要我们坚持，一切皆有可能。
(10)sb make(s) it“某人做成某事”
As long as you have a dream，keep trying and you will make it.
只要你有梦想，不断努力就一定会成功。
(11)It has been＋时间段＋since...“自从……有多长时间了”
It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，which has benefited all of us.
你们来我们学校参加交流活动已经两周了，这项活动让我们所有人都受益匪浅。
(12)It happens/happened that...；sb happen(s)/happened to do...“偶然……；某人碰巧……”
Talking of energy saving and greenhouse reductions，it happens that I have read a report on this topic in a newspaper.
＝Talking of energy saving and greenhouse reductions，I happen to have read a report on this topic in a newspaper.
谈到节能减排，我碰巧在一份报纸上看到了有关这一话题的报道。
(13)It occurs to/hits/strikes sb that...“某人突然想到……”
It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.
我突然想到我应该彻底打扫一下房间。
(14)It matters that/if/whether...“……是重要的”
It doesn’t matter about age，it matters that you can do the job.
年龄不是问题，关键是你能做这份工作。
(15)It seems/appears that...“看起来似乎……”
It seems that he is not satisfied with what you have done at all.
看起来似乎他对你的所作所为一点也不满意。

1．劳动对于学生的健康成长起着重要的作用。请你以“A Labor Experience”为题写一篇短文，给英语校报投稿。内容包括：
1. 一次劳动的经历；
2. 这次经历给你的感受。
注意：1. 词数100左右；  
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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2．假定你是某国际学校英文报学生记者李华，你校学生会举行了交换生毕业晚会。请你用英文写一篇新闻报道。要点如下：
1.活动的目的；
2.活动的时间、地点、方式；
3.活动的感受。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Graduation Party for the Exchange Students
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3．假定你是李华，你班上周五下午组织学生去西山植树。请你为你班的英语报写一篇短文，内容包括：
1. 简述经过；
2. 分享感受。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：铲shovel；桶bucket
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4．假定你是李华。由于现今疫情（epidemic）的形势仍需要时刻关注，你打算向学校英语社投稿宣传疫情防控，弘扬无私无畏的抗疫精神。宣传内容包括：
1. 疫情现状；
2. 各方为疫情防控做出的努力（如：个人、医护和志愿者、政府管理等）；
3. 有信心战胜疫情。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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5．深圳中学拟定于下周二开展“青春正当时，奋斗更精彩”的演讲活动，假定你是参赛者，请你写一篇演讲稿。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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6．高考临近，为了让高三学生有更多的时间复习功课，学校计划每周减少一节体育课进行数学测试。请你写一篇短文表达你对这个提议的看法。内容包括：
1.你的观点；
2.原因。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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7．上周日你校组织学生参观了市科技馆举办的“中国航天成就展”。请你在博客上用英语写一篇博文，分享此次活动。内容包括：
1. 参加人员；
2. 活动内容（听讲座、看视频、体验太空漫步）；
3. 个人感想。
注意：1. 写作词数应为100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：科技馆Science and Technology Museum
Achievement Expo of China Aerospace
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8．你校英语俱乐部将要举办“职业规划”主题分享会，请你结合个人情况写一篇稿件，内容包括：
1. 理想职业；
2. 个人优势；
3. 相关准备。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Map Out My Career Path
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9．在学校刚举办的科技创新设计大赛中，你设计的一款老人智能陪护机器人荣获一等奖。请以“My Intelligent Robot for the Elderly”为题写一篇英语课堂前的一分钟汇报，内容包括：
1. 设计目的；
2. 功能介绍；
3. 你的期望。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Intelligent Robot for the Elderly
Good morning, everyone!
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Thank you for your listening!
10．你所在学校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“我们为什么需要幽默？”为题写一份英语演讲稿。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Why do we need humour?
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11．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When the night fell, James, a middle school student in London, dragged his tired body home.In order to save money to buy himself a new bike, he had been working at a restaurant for over a month during the summer vacation.He had already earned some money.With one more week, he would have his dream bike.
Entering the room, James found his younger brother Adam sitting on the edge of his bed with an uneasy expression on his face.James stared at Adam confusedly.
“Sorry.I did something wrong,” Adam said, on the verge of tears.
“What’s the matter with you?” James asked.
“This afternoon I went to play football on the road outside the house and accidentally hit our neighbor Mr. Black’s car.I was so scared and I hurried home in panic without telling him,” Adam said, full of guilt.
“Is the car seriously damaged?” James couldn’t wait to continue asking.
“The ball hit the car back and the tail light got broken,” Adam said in a low voice.
“It’s truly your fault. It’s really dangerous to play football on the road. What’s worse, you shouldn’t have come back without telling Mr. Black about it. You are such a naughty boy,” James raised his voice. Hearing this, Adam lowered his head and bit his lips hard. James added, “Anyway, it’s never too late to mend.I’11 take you to his house tomorrow to apologize. Now it’s time to sleep.”
When Adam went bed, James couldn’t go to sleep himself. Father always told him to be honest, to be a boy admired by the people and to be an example of his brother. He was sorry for his brother’s behavior. He shouldn’t have blamed his brother after he did something wrong. But he could understand him. Anyway, Adam was only a boy of seven and what had happened really scared him. But as his elder brother, he should pay for it though this might delay his plan of having the bike. “Nothing serious. At worst, I can take more summer jobs,” he said to himself.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
James got up early the next morning.
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Mr. Black was a little surprised to see the brothers.
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12．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in school I remembered my best friend called me late night on Saturday to invite me to her birthday party next day. I was very happy and very excited to go there but I needed to ask permission from my parents. I went to my dad’s room and slowly asked him, “Dad, tomorrow is my best friend’s birthday party and I really want to go.” Dad said, “OK I don’t mind but ask your mom.” I went to Mom and said, “Dear Mom.” Suddenly she replied, “What do you want?” I was shocked, “Mom, how do you know that I need to say something?” She said, “The way you are talking shows that.” and she smiled. I asked her, “Mom, I want to go to my best friend’s birthday party tomorrow.” She said, “OK, you can go but you have to be back before 10.”
Then my preparations started. I made a card for my friend and started selecting cloths for the party, and finally everything was completed and I went to sleep and only one thing was there in my mind all the time THE PARTY. I was waiting for the night to end and the party to begin. Next morning, my mom was surprised to see me. No alarm, no Mom’s warming, just I woke up by myself.
The whole day had passed and now it was party time. My dad dropped me in my friend’s place and told me that he would be back at 10. I said, “OK, OK” and I ran away. I enjoyed a lot at the party. My friend loved that card which I made for her and everybody in the party loved my dress. I was on cloud nine. We had dinner, we played so many games and it was 10 finally. I remembered my mom’s advice that I should be back till 10.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I came out and started searching for my dad, but I could not be able to find him.
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Suddenly I heard someone calling something, and I was scared, starting to walk fast.
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13．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife, Kay, looked quite worried as I said goodbye at 6:30 a.m. that Sunday morning in December 1963. Two hours later, I was standing on the cliff at Aldinga Beach, 55 kilometres south of our home in Adelaide, South Australia.
Forty of us—each with black rubber suits and flipper (蛙鞋), glass-windowed face masks，snorkels (呼吸管), lead-weighted belts and spearfishing guns—were waiting for the judge’s 9：00 a.m. whistle to announce that the annual South Australian Spearfishing Championship competition began. We all had five hours to bring the judge a bag of fish. The winner would be determined both by the total weight and by the number of different species.
I was confident because I’d taken the 1961-1962 competition and was returning as the reigning champion.
At the whistle blast we waded (跋涉) into the surf. Each man dragged a float (鱼漂) behind him, attached to his lead-weighted belt. We would attach our fish to these floats immediately on spearing them，hoping their blood wouldn’t attract the always hungry and curious predatory sharks that swim the deeper water off the South Australian coast. Still, as a precaution (预防措施), a patrol (巡逻) boat crossed our hunting area, keeping a lookout.
By 12:30, when I dragged a heavy catch of parrot-fish, snapper, boarfish and magpie perch to the beach, I could see from the other piles that I must be well up in the competition.
Suddenly, something huge hit me with huge force on my left side, pushing me forward with wild speed. I became immediately nervous. The pressure on my body seemed to choke me. I tried to shake myself but found that I was trapped as if in a vise. When my mind came into focus, I realized my predicament (困境): a shark had me in its jaws.
Although shocked with the horror, I still felt no pain. As I pulled my arm loose from the shark’s teeth, I felt pain I could have never imagined. But I had succeeded in freeing myself.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I knew the shark would come back again.
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As the shark prepared to attack again, I put my fish and float in front.
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14．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alvin Bamburg, 66, was deep in the woods in Grand Cane, Louisiana, last December when something caught his eye. Twisted in a fallen tree, it looked like litter. As Alvin approached, he saw that the object was a broken balloon. Attached was a piece of paper decorated with sparkly star stickers. It was a child’s Christmas wish list.
“Dear Santa,” the handwritten note read. “My name is Luna. I am four years old. I live in Liberal, Kansas. This year I have been nice. I would like candy, Spider-Man ball, Frozen doll, puppy. With love, Luna.”
Alvin’s heart hammered in his chest. Ever since he was a child, he had dreamed of this very scenario. He believed this was his childhood wish coming true. And he decided to make Luna’s wish come true too. Given the distance of more than 650 miles from Grand Cane to Liberal, Alvin followed the advice from his wife, Lee Ann Bamburg, and posted a photo of the balloon and the Christmas list on his Facebook page, asking for help locating the sender.
Meanwhile, Leticia Flores-Gonzalez, the mother of four-year-old Luna and her twin sister, Gianella, had no idea that such an effort was underway. It had been a hard year for Leticia and her girls. As COVID-19 spread, the family felt lonely, scared, and isolated, with no relatives living nearby.
On a particularly tough day last December, Leticia had come up with the idea of having the girls send letters to Santa by balloon. She told them that Santa would grab the balloons while he flew through the air on his sled. The twins were excited. Leticia helped them write down all the things that they dreamed Santa might bring them, and put the notes into Christmas red balloons. Then she took them outside to release their wishes to the universe on the chilly windy morning.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day in January, a friend called Leticia and said, “Someone found Luna’s balloon.”
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In April, Alvin and his wife made a trip to meet the girls.
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15．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When my father reported that he had just purchased a new house in new housing development, we were all overjoyed. For a long time, he had wished to purchase his own home. My parents had been living in several rental houses since they married. Finally, his fantasy had come true. We began moving our belongings into our new home on a bright and sunny Sunday morning. My father hired a lorry to transfer our goods, and I was amazed at how much we had. The lorry had to make three journeys before most of our belongings arrived at our new home. I enjoyed sitting in the back of the lorry while it made the excursions. My parents, grandmother, elder sister, and I were the only members of our family. However, the number of goods was surprising.
We had a busy day loading the items onto the lorry and then unloading them at our new home, but that was not the end of the story. We had to move the things into the house and arrange them properly before we could call the house a home. Our new house was a single-story house. It contained three bedrooms, a living room, a dining room, two bathrooms, a small kitchen, a small front porch, and an even smaller garden. Modern dwellings (住宅) are extremely small for room, but it was better than nothing. In any case, it was a significant improvement over our former home, which was much smaller than the new one.
The kitchen was the first area we started organizing things. We needed to take care of our tummies (胃) before we could do any more work, so my mother set about creating her first meal in her brand-new kitchen, making the greatest tasting instant lunch I’d ever tasted. We moved on to the rest of our belongings after lunch. My parents got the largest bedroom, my grandmother and sister got the second largest, and I got the tiniest, right close to the kitchen.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I was totally overjoyed at getting my own room for the first time in my life.
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That evening, we enjoyed our first formal meal in the house.
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