热点01 名词词义比较及词形转换-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练

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十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点01 名词词义比较及词形转换

1.（2021·天津）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
2.（2020﹒江苏）.The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ____.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
3.(2019﹒天津)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
4.(2018﹒江苏) Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption假设。故选D。
4.(2018﹒天津)The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
5.(2016﹒江苏) —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”，与上下文相符。
6.(2016﹒天津)The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这个语言中。A.失去控制；B.过时的；C看不见的；D.够不着的。根据句意，故选B。
7.(2016﹒天津)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
8.(2016﹒浙江)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。
9.(2016﹒浙江) We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A.将……分开；B.拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。
10.(2015﹒湖北) When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place
【答案】A
【解析】句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，重重的摔了一跤。A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；D项“地方”。Lose one’s balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
11.(2015﹒湖北)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。
12.(2015﹒安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
13.(2015﹒江苏)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。
14.(2015﹒江苏)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。
15. (2015﹒福建)The failure was a big _________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
16.(2010﹒湖北)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.
【答案】D
【解析】512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D
17.（2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
18. （2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Last winter when I went here（改为there） again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。
19. （2018·全国新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解析】sort在此意为＂种类＂，是可数名词，和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.
20. （2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） as
a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and
heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的some可知＂side effect＂(副作用)有很多，故填effects。

一、可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加－s
students，teachers，doc tors，tables
以s，x，ch，sh结尾
加－es
glasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs
以辅音字母＋y结尾
变y为i再加－es
families，babies，armies，bodies
以元音字母＋y结尾
加－s
boys，toys，pianos，photos
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v，再加－es
thieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives
少数加－s
beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
以o结尾
通常加－s
radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
有的加－es
heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
【名师点睛】
①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，
potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)
蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手
里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，
wolves，halves。
但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children　 man男人→men　 tooth牙→teeth
　 foot脚，英尺→feet　 mouse老鼠→mice　 phenomenon现象→phenomena　
medium传播媒介→media
②常见单复数同形的名词：
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。 其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
☞Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
☞Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
③合成名词的复数形式：
son-in-law → sons-in-law passer-by → passers-by story-teller → story-tellers
【名师点睛】
名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student → girl students 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：
woman singer → women singers
二、不可数名词
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议， furniture家具， fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻， weather天气， progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料　coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡　chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔　hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
三、名词所有格
(1)-’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在理发店
at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the content of the novel小说的内容
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
四、名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’ books学生用书
China’s capital中国的首都
the world’s population世界人口
（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。


一、单项选择
1. We will begin a series of ________ to appeal to the public to contribute to environmentally ________ development.
A. documentaries; adjustable B. presentations; available
C. institutions; flexible D. campaigns; sustainable
2. A high increase in investment will lay a solid _______ for economic growth in the near future.
A. registration B. foundation C. confirmation D. institution
3. Global warming could pat coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to ___________.
A. exist B. extinction C. flight D. highlight
4. Miss Lee helps me out when I have too much to do, and I will return the ________when I can.
A. obligation B. formula C. favour D. opportunity
5. In some cities, minibuses offer a(an) ___________ to expensive taxis and crowded pubic transport.
A. resource B. registration C. alternative D. breakthrough
6. It is said that dogs will keep you ______ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. comfortable D. friend
7. Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment C. complaint D. ambition
8. You can improve your ________ and memory if you scan the material first.
A. compassion B. compensation C. comprehension D. consumption
9. Through ______, many people win success out of what seems to be certain failure.
A. property B. perspective C. perseverance D. procedure
10. The Palace Museum houses a large collection of ________.
A. cuisines B. antiques C. mascots D. excerpts
11. Nowadays the ________ of travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. autonomy B. barrier C. prospect D. priority
12. Disabled visitors are welcome; there is good wheelchair to most facilities.
A. function B. tension C. reaction D. access
13. He left such a great ________on his teachers that all of them could remember him after many years.
A. attraction B. profession C. impression D. radiation
14. In many ways my ________ has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.
A. inability B. unable C. disabled D. disability
15. After several ______ to climb Qomolangma, he finally reached the top of it.
A. attempts B. attacks C. chapters D. disasters
16. While there is a typical ________ for sleep stages, there can be individual differences based on a number of factors.
A. property B. pattern C. protein D. profit
17. The passenger’s ________ of the accident was completely different from what the driver stated.
A. version B. origin C. trend D. reality
18. To find out more about our complete range of products, do not hesitate to sign up online and get our digital ________.
A. feature B. reward C. brochure D. prize
19. Nowadays, a growing number of libraries provide computers and Internet ________ to allow people to search for information online.
A. standard B. direction C. access D. position
20. Before the introduction of the seed drill, the convenient tool, a common ________ was to plant seeds by hand.
A. server B. device C. item D. practice
21. Even though my cousin got many ________ from the universities, he carried on applying without being discouraged.
A. applications B. collections C. observations D. rejections
22. ________ confidence in yourself is the biggest difficulty ________ greater progress in your work.
A. Lacking of; in making B. Lack of; to make
C. Lack of; in making D. The lack of; to make
23. — Long time no see! What are you doing these days, Johnson?
— We have been preparing for the ______ of a new advertising campaign next month.
A. release B. ambition C. launch D. connection
24. As is known to all, the rose could represent love and ______, and the rainbow could symbolize hope.
A. determination B. affection C. connection D. consideration
25. With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the ________ for watching television, which makes TV a decoration of the house.
A. potential B. appetite C. tolerance D. intelligence
26. For years, scientists have been worried about the________ of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions.
A. effect B. result C. account D. cause
27. With a strong _________ for English study, we threw ourselves into reading English novels.
A. desire B. argument C. reputation D. responsibility
28. Better hotel rooms will give _________ to even more awesome views and larger space.
A. attention B. comfort C. access D. assistance
29. Drawing is one of my favorite ________. I also love making cards and taking photos.
A. hobby B. hobbies C. habit D. habits
30. It is reported that the recent ________ has led to more serious water shortage in this region.
A. drought B. flood C. storm D. hurricane
31. The man gave a detailed ________ of what had happened, which helped the police catch the thief.
A. feeling B. guess C. excuse D. account
32. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for her ________ in discovering a new cure for malaria (疟疾).
A. difference B. decision C. procedure D. achievement
33. Another ________ behind football’s popularity is the excitement on the field.
A. attempt B. factor C. level D. story
34. Now the standing committee members are working out the exact_________in which the decision should be applied for the hoped-for success.
A. tone B. concern C. means D. manner
35. We owe them a debt of________for all the help they’ve given us.
A. commitment B. greeting C. harvest D. gratitude
36. We hope the trend continues, until such aural excursions become a regular happening rather than a rare________.
A. career B. relief C. treat D. hustle
37. Michelin is now living on a ________ NT$100 per day. He cannot afford any recreational activities.
A. division B. restriction C. measure D. budget
38. Solar energy is now a fast growing ______ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root
39. You are not to take photos in the museum without ______.
A. occasion B. contribution C. impression D. permission
40. To help the wild animals survive, we need to preserve their .
A. garbage B. dormitories C. habitats D. antiques
二、语法填空
1
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy class ten years ago. I wondered what I was doing there. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best ___41___(choose) of my life.
I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then ___42___ was the first time for me that I had tried my hand. I took up the brush, using the correct gesture, ___43___(dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" ___44___ Chinese.
Over ___45___ past five years, I have learned to make versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, ___46___ connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画) by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned ___47___ (appreciate) my daily life.
Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, ___48___a way to remove myself from the worries of life. Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy ___49___ (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live ____50____ (peace).
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese poetry generally falls into one of two primary types, classical Chinese poetry and modern Chinese poetry. Modern Chinese poetry refers ___51___ the modern style of poetry, as opposed to the traditional poetry ___52___(write) in classical Chinese language. A high point of classical Chinese poetry occurred during the Tang Dynasty, during ___53___time in China poetry was integrated (融入) into almost every aspect of the professional and ___54___(society) life of the literate class. Unlike traditional forms of Chinese poetry which are rhymed, modern Chinese poetry does not usually follow specific ___55___(pattern). Poetry ___56___(revolutionize) after May Fourth Movement in 1919. Early 20th-century poets like Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo and Guo Moruo ___57___(seek) to break Chinese poetry from past conventions by adopting Western models.
Poetry has ___58___(consistent) been held in extremely high regard in China. In Chinese culture, poetry has provided a format for both public and private expressions of deep emotion, ___59___(offer) an audience of peers, readers, and scholars insight into the inner life of Chinese writers. Westerners have also found in it ____60____interesting and pleasurable field of study.
3
Cosmologists, astronomers and space engineers are predicting that 2021 will be a great year for space exploration. An ____61____ (increase) number of countries and commercial companies are investing in technology to venture into the heavens. Entrepreneurs like SpaceX’s Elon Musk and Virgin Galactic’s Richard Branson are setting their sights on space ____62____ (tour) and sending astronauts to Mars. ____63____ once seemed like science fiction is quickly becoming the fact. Such ____64____ (be) the advances in technology, and we might no longer be surprised at news of asteroids ____65____ (mine), Mars being colonised, or of new forms of holidays, such as getaway weekend breaks to the Moon.
The year will start ____66____ an exciting project that will help scientists better understand the universe. NASA will launch its Q-PACE probe on January the 15th. This will study the collision of small particles in space ____67____ (provide) an insight into how planets ____68____ (original) formed. A month later, NASA’s Perseverance rover will land on Mars. This mission will test for signs of possible past microbial life. NASA said: “Returning samples of Mars to Earth ____69____ (be) a goal of planetary scientists since the early days of the space age.” In October, the James Webb Space Telescope, _____70_____ mission is to observe the first galaxies that formed in the early universe, will launch into space.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words,___71___（describe） and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices and___72___（arrange ）of words, lines, rhymes,   and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express___73___（they）. Now I'll introduce some simpler forms to you.
Nursery rhymes are___74___（usual）the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of nursery rhymes is ___75___the point and has a storyline. Nursery rhymes rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. Therefore, children enjoy them. They are easy___76___（learn）and recite. Children learn about language by playing with the words in nursery rhymes.
The list poem contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. It has a flexible line length and repeated phrases___77___ give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
The cinguain is made up of five lines. The poet can convey___78___ strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that___79___（consist）of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, ___80___（contain）5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. Haiku is easy to write and can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.
English speakers also enjoy poems from China. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English.
5
It used to be impossible to spend a long winter holiday. But now, though the winter vacation has been over, it’s still necessary ____81____ me to stay at home because of my illness. As people say, being left alone all day can drive a man crazy. A couple of weeks ago my parents invited a teacher ____82____(give) me lessons online.
At first, I didn’t know how ____83____(take) classes through the Internet. Now I have got used to my teacher and the situation. Before class I go online waiting for my teacher to come, for it is terribly rude ____84____ a student to come late. In each class, the teacher teaches me ____85____ to do and how to do it. After class I finish my homework. ____86____(be) honest, although I study relatively hard, the result isn’t as good as in school. Yesterday I failed to pass the exam, which made my teacher very disappointed. However, ____87____(attend) classes at home is a comfort for me.
____88____ to go to school is unknown, as no one knows how long it will be before I completely recover. But I believe, now that the winter is over and the spring has come, the school day is not far away. I believe that I will treasure my time ____89____(be) at school and work even harder. I also believe in the future I will become another Zhong Nanshan, who is surely _____90_____(shoulder) the responsibility of protecting people’s lives and health.
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese painting is the art of painting on a piece of Xuan paper or silk with a Chinese brush ____91____is soaked(浸湿) with black ink or colored pigments. It ____92____ (regard) as one of the three quintessence of Chinese culture, the other two being traditional Chinese medicine and Beijing Opera.
____93____(general) speaking, traditional Chinese painting can be classified into three types, figure painting, landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting.
Figure painting came into maturity as early as the Warring State Period and reached ____94____(it) peak during the Tang Dynasty. Famous figure painting artists include Gu Kaizhi and Wu Dao zi.
Landscape painting, as the name indicates, draws the outside scenery. It first appeared in the Qin Dynasty and became an ____95____ (independence) genre during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. By the time of the Song Dynasty, it ____96____(reach) a very high level.
Flower-and-bird painting concentrates ____97____the drawing of flowers, birds, fishes and insects, etc. in their natural state. It came into being in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and became a mature art during the Song Dynasty.
In ____98____(finish) works of traditional Chinese painting, inscriptions, poems and stamps often come side by side.Therefore, traditional Chinese painting is an art form ____99____(combine) poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal carving. Its artistic achievement and national features have won ____100____(recognize) of the people all over the world. Thus, traditional Chinese painting brings artistic enjoyment for people.
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
101. I was uncertain whether the young man had ______________ (以前的经验) of such work.
102. Dance expresses love and hate, ____________(快乐和悲伤), life and death, and everything else in between.
103. They said that the decision was made ____________(悲哀多于愤怒).
104. Everyone was bored to death with his ________ (令人不安的话语).
105. She stared at me with________ (木然的表情)on her face.
106. He travels so much that he usually ________（把行李箱用坏）.
107. Tom isn't in the office today. He went to Beijing yesterday to attend ________(每月一次的会议).
108. ________ (……是你的责任) to complete the mission.
109. Companies publish ________（年度报告）to inform the public of the previous year's activities.
110. Mr Zhang sang a song ________(应学生们的要求).
111. Misjudgements on the influences of new technology can lead to ________(有限资源的浪费).
112. Research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods actually ________(限制了团队的创造力).
113. John, a popular teacher, ________（有一种独特的方法）making his literature classes lively.
114. ________(身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方) makes me feel blessed to be alive.
115. It’s ________ ________(有礼貌) to say “thank you” when someone helps you.
116. He apologized for having parked the car in her garage ___________________________ (未经许可).
117. During her film career, she ______________(获得了……名声) as an outspoken woman.
118. Actually the new computer system ____________________________(证明了它的价值).
119. Learner drivers must also complete seven hours of ___________ (急救) theory.
120. Richard picked up the r______ ______ and turned on the television. (遥控器) .
121. We have classes that discuss a______ ______ within the computer science department.(人工智能)
122. Virginia’s eyes ________（充满泪水）, and she hid her face in her hands.
123. Another man sitting next to him showed me how______________(篆刻) works.
124. He did ___________(实地研究) across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the surrounding areas.
125. For example, advances in___________(虚拟现实) and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. )
126. Modern farming methods can ______(对环境影响很大).
127. The girl got frightened when she was ______(在泳池边缘).
128. The police would take tougher ________ (措施) to prevent crime.
129. They o________ to (应该) be able to help to some e________ (程度), but they h________ (犹豫).
130. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are ______ ______ _______ ______ ______(精美绝伦，品质非凡).
131. Eileen Gu ________（获得两枚金牌）at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and she said that it was ________（激情、努力、坚持和勇气）more than talent that ________her success（导致／通向成功）。
132. Sometimes ________ ________(善意的谎言)have results that we cannot predict in advance.
133. This nature reserve is home to ______________ (各种不同的) rare plants and animals.
134. I am surprised that a company ______________ (拥有盛誉) would produce such poor quality goods.
135. Whether this _______ _______ （起步前的优势） becomes a lifelong advantage is yet to be seen.
136. The proposal was greeted with _______ _______ _______（齐声；异口同声） approval.
137. Last year I had______________(死里逃生) from a car crash, and I don’t want to risk my life a second time.
138. Parents and children should communicate more to ______________(缩小代沟) between them so that they can understand each other better.
139. Born in a traditional family,Rick was brought up to value_________ (责任感)and sharing.
140. It is evident that we will never have enough ________(资源) to meet the demand.

参考答案
一、
1. D
【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：我们将开展一系列活动，呼吁公众为环境可持续发展做出贡献。A.documentaries记录片； adjustable可调整的； B.presentations演示；available可用的； C.institutions机构；flexible灵活的；D. campaigns活动; sustainable可持续的。begin a series of campaigns意为“开展一系列活动”； environmentally sustainabledevelopment意为“环境可持续发展”。故选D。
2. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：投资的大量增加将为近期的经济增长奠定坚实的基础。A.registration登记；B.foundation 基础；C.confirmation 确认；D.institution 机构。由句意可知，大量增加的投资将会给经济增长奠定基础。故选B项。
3. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球变暖可能会把沿海城市淹没，导致超过一半的物种灭绝。A. exist动词，存在；B. extinction名词，灭绝；C. flight名词，航班；D. highlight名词/动词，强调。根据上文“Global warming could pat coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to”指导致物种灭绝，应用extinction。故选B。
4. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我有很多事情要做的时候，李小姐会帮我，我也会报答她的。A. obligation义务；B. formula配方；C. favour恩惠；D. opportunity机会。return the favor报答，回报。根据“Miss Lee helps me out when I have too much to do,”可知，我也会报答李小姐对我的帮助。故选C。
5. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一些城市，小型公共汽车是昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共交通工具之外的另一种选择。A. resource资源；B. registration登记；C. alternative可供选择的事物；D. breakthrough突破。minibuses，expensive taxis和crowded pubic transport是三种出行方式，由此可知，此处指小型公共汽车是昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共交通工具之外的另一种选择。故选C。
6. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说当你感到孤单时，只要你需要，狗都会陪伴你。 A. safety安全；B. company陪伴；C. comfortable舒服的；D. friend朋友。由语意可知，你孤单的时候，狗会陪伴你，短语keep sb. company表示“陪伴某人”，故选B项。
7. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：放弃我的工作回到全日制教育是一个很大的投入，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。A. project项目；B. commitment奉献、投入；C. complaint抱怨；D. ambition志向、抱负。根据句意，放弃工作，再次接受全日制教育，是一个大手笔的时间和精力的“投入”。名词commitment符合语意，故选B项。
8. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你先浏览材料，就能改善你的理解力和记忆力。A. compassion同情、怜悯；B. compensation补偿；C. comprehension理解、理解力；D. consumption消费。由题意可知若能先浏览材料，方可改善理解力和记忆力，故选C项。
9. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过毅力，许多人从看似肯定的失败中赢得成功。A. property财产；B. perspective观点；C. perseverance毅力；D. procedure程序。根据句意可知，此处表示“毅力让人从失败中获得成功”，故选C。
10. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：故宫博物馆收藏了大量的古董 。A.cuisines烹饪；菜肴；B.antiques古董；C.mascots吉祥物；D.excerpts摘录。根据“The Palace Museum”可知，故宫里收藏的是古董。故选B。
11. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今旅游的重点从购物转移到食物和风景。A. autonomy自治；B. barrier障碍；C. prospect前景；D. priority重点。根据空后shifted from shopping to food and scenery及常识可知，在旅游中，食物和风景已成为人们优先考虑的事情，此处指旅游重点的转变。故选D项。
12. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：欢迎残疾人士前来参观；大部分设施都有很好的轮椅通道。A. function功能；B. tension紧张；C. reaction反应；D. access通道；通路。本句中指多数的设施轮椅是可以进入的，即有轮椅通道（可进入），故选D。
13. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给老师们留下了如此深刻的印象以至于很多年后他们都能记得他。A.attraction吸引；B.profession职业；C.impression 印象；D.radiation辐射。结合“all of them could remember him after many years.”可知使用短语leave an impression on sb.，意为“给某人留下印象”。故选C。
14. D
【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在很多方面，我的残疾帮助我在心理上变得更坚强，变得更独立。A. inability无能；B. unable不能的；C. disabled残疾的；D. disability残疾。分析句子可知，此处作主语，应用名词，故排除B和C；根据后文的“helped me grow stronger psychologically”可知，是残疾让我的心理变得更坚强。故选D。
15. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几次攀登珠峰的尝试，他终于登上了山顶。A. attempts尝试；B. attacks攻击；C. chapters(书的)章，篇，回；D. disasters灾难。根据后文“he finally reached the top of it”可知，他最终到达顶峰，所以应该是经过几次尝试了。故选A项。
16. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然睡眠阶段有一个典型的模式，但会有基于许多因素的个体差异。A. property财产；B. pattern模式；C. protein蛋白质；D. profit利润。由“sleep stages”和“there can be individual differences based on a number of factors”可知，句子表示“虽然睡眠阶段有一个典型的模式，但会有基于许多因素的个体差异”，空格处意为“模式”，故选B。
17. A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：乘客对事故的描述与司机所说的完全不同。A. version描述；B. origin起源；C. trend趋势；D. reality现实。根据“what the driver stated.”可知，乘客对事故的描述与司机所说的完全不同。故选A。
18. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 如果您想了解更多关于我们全系列产品的信息，请在网上注册并索取我们的电子宣传册。A. feature特征；B. reward奖励；C. brochure小册子；手册；D. prize奖品。由上文“To find out more about our complete range of products,”可知，要想了解更多关于全系列产品的信息，可以看电子宣传册，故选C。
19. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，越来越多的图书馆提供计算机和互联网接入，让人们可以在网上搜索信息。A. standard标准；B. direction方向；C. access入口；（对计算机存储器的）访问；D. position位置。由上文“a growing number of libraries provide computers and Internet”和下文“to allow people to search for information online.”可知，越来越多的图书馆提供了计算机和互联网接入，这可以让人们上网搜索信息，故选C。
20. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在播种机这种方便的工具出现之前，人们通常用手播种。A. server服务器；B. device装置；C. item项目；D. practice通常的做法。由“Before the introduction of the seed drill”和“to plant seeds by hand”可知，句子表示“在播种机这种方便的工具出现之前，人们通常用手播种”，空格处意为“通常的做法”，故选D。
21. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的表弟被大学拒绝了很多次，他还是毫不气馁地继续申请。A. applications申请；B. collections收集；C. observations观察；D. rejections拒绝。由上文“Even though”和下文“he carried on applying without being discouraged.”可知，上下文是转折关系，此处表示“尽管被拒绝很多次，但表弟还是不气馁继续申请”，故选D。
22. C
【解析】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词，句意：对自己缺乏信心是在工作中取得更大进步的最大困难。分析句子可知第一空使用名词短语lack of，意为“缺乏”，lack of+n.=lack+n.，故排除AD；第二空表示做某事有困难，为difficulty in doing sth,结合固定短语make progress“取得进步”，可知用动名词making作宾语。故选C。
23. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——好久不见！你最近在干什么，约翰逊？——我们一直在为下个月要推出的一个新的广告宣传活动做准备。A. release释放；发行；排放；B. ambition 追求；理想；雄心；野心；C. launch发射；发起；D. connection联系。由语意可知约翰他们下个月要发起一场广告宣传活动，所以最近才很忙。故选C项。
24. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，玫瑰象征着爱情和爱慕，彩虹象征着希望。A. determination决定；B. affection爱慕；C. connection联系；D. consideration考虑。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词作宾语，与love并列，affection符合句意，故选B。
25. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的欲望，这使得电视成为了家里的一种装饰。A. potential潜力；B. appetite强烈欲望；C. tolerance容忍；D. intelligence智力。根据后文“which makes TV a decoration of the house”电视成为了装饰，是因为失去了看电视的欲望。故选B项。
26. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，科学家们一直担心空气污染对地球自然条件的影响。A. effect影响；B. result结果；C. account账户；D. cause原因。根据后文“of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions”指对……的影响，应用effect on。故选A。
27. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着对英语学习的强烈愿望，我们全身心投入到阅读英语小说中。A. desire愿望；B. argument争论；C. reputation名声；D. responsibility责任。结合“we threw ourselves into reading English novels”可知，我们对英语学习有强烈的愿望。故选A项。
28. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更好的酒店客房将提供更棒的视野和更大的空间。A. attention注意力；B. comfort安慰；C. access(使用或见到的)机会、进入；D. assistance帮助。此处表示“更好的酒店客房将提供房客拥有更棒的视野和更大的空间的机会”，应用固定搭配give access to (准许进入、使得以进入)。故选C项。
29. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析和名词复数。句意：画画是我最喜欢的爱好之一。我也喜欢制作卡片和拍照。one of 后名词使用复数形式，排除A、C选项。hobbies意为“爱好”；habits意为“习惯”。根据后文“I also love making cards and taking photos.”，此处应选“爱好”。故选B。
30. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据报道，最近的干旱已导致该地区更加严重的缺水。A. drought干旱；B. flood洪水；C. storm暴风雨；D. hurricane飓风。结合语意，导致更加严重缺水的是干旱。故选A项。
31. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名男子详细叙述了所发生的事情，这有助于警方抓获小偷。A. feeling感觉；B. guess猜测；C. excuse借口；D. account叙述。结合语意，男子对于事情的详细叙述有助于警方抓获小偷，空处应用名词account，表示“叙述”。故选D项。
32. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：屠呦呦因发现治疗疟疾的新方法这一成就被授予诺贝尔奖。A. difference不同；B. decision决定；C. procedure步骤；D. achievement成就。结合语意，屠呦呦发现治疗疟疾的新方法是她取得的成就，所以空处应用achievement，表示“成就”。故选D项。
33. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球流行背后的另一个因素是球场上的兴奋。A. attempt企图；B. factor因素；C. level水平；D. story故事。结合语意，球场上的兴奋是足球流行背后的另一个因素。故选B项。
34. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，常任委员会正在制定具体的应用这个决定来取得预期成功的方式。A. tone语气；B. concern担心，忧虑；C. means方法，手段；D. manner方式。由“the decision should be applied for the hoped-for success”可知，常任委员会正在制定具体的应用这个决定来取得预期成功的方式，means表“方法”时和介词by搭配，manner和介词in搭配，由“in which”可知，空格处是manner，故选D。
35. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们给予我们的帮助，我们欠他们一份感激之情。A. commitment承诺；B. greeting问候；C. harvest收获；D. gratitude感激。结合“对他们给予我们的帮助”可知，我们应该是感到感激，欠他们一份感激。故选D项。
36. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们希望这一趋势继续下去，直到这种听觉远足成为经常发生的事情，而不是一种罕见的情况。A. career事业；B. relief释放；C. treat治疗，款待；D. hustle匆忙，喧嚣。根据句意和rare可知，此处应选C项treat，a rare treat(罕见的情况)为固定短语，故选C。
37. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Michelin现在生活拮据，每天花100台币。他不能负担得起任何娱乐活动。A. division部门；B. restriction限制；C. measure措施；D. budget预算。由语意可知，Michelin每天支出很少，又没有钱进行娱乐活动，因此他现在生活很拮据。故选D项。
38. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：太阳能现在是一种快速增长的能源。A. source来源；B. sense感觉；C. result结果；D. root根。结合常识和句意可知，太阳能是一种能量来源(a source of power)。故选A。
39. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：未经允许，你不能在博物馆里拍照。A. occasion场合；B. contribution贡献：C. impression印象；D. permission同意，许可。根据句意，此处考查介词短语without permission，意为“未经许可”，作状语。故选D项。
40. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助野生动物生存，我们需要保护它们的栖息地。A. garbage垃圾；B. dormitories宿舍；C. habitats栖息地；D. antiques古董。根据“To help the wild animals survive”可知，为了帮助野生动物生存，应是需要保护它们的栖息地。故选C项。
二、
1
41. choices
42. it
43. dipped
44. in
45. the
46. which
47. to appreciate
48. but
49. enables
50. peacefully
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者从初上书法课的迷茫，到书法课成为自己身边必不可少的一部分的心理历程。
41. 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，one of the best后加名词复数，表示“最好的……之一”，故填choices。
42. 考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，it is/was the+序数词+time that是固定句型，意为“这是第几次……”，故填it。
43. 考查时态。句意：我拿起画笔，用正确的手势蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。结合句意可知，句中的三个动作take up, dip, write是连贯的、并列的，故时态一致，故填dipped。
44. 考查介词。句意：小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，表示“用……门语言”用介词in，故填in。
45. 考查冠词。句意：在过去的五年里，我学会了翻译一些著名的诗歌。over the past five years意为“在过去的五年里”，表示特指，故填the。
46. 考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，在从句中作主语，先行词是a bridge，故填which。
47. 考查动词的固定结构。句意：我可以感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会欣赏我的日常生活。learn to do sth.意为“学做……”，故填to appreciate。
48. 考查并列连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。根据句意可知，not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。
49. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境，此处用一般现在时，且主语是calligraphy，故填enables。
50. 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰动词live，故填peacefully。
2
51. to
52. written
53. which
54. social
55. patterns
56. was revolutionized
57. sought
58. consistently
59. offering
60. an
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国诗歌的两种基本类型以及诗歌的发展。
51. 考查介词。句意：现代中国诗歌指的是现代风格的诗歌，而不是用中国古典语言写的传统诗歌。refer to是固定搭配意为“提到，指的是”。故填to。
52. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现代中国诗歌指的是现代风格的诗歌，而不是用中国古典语言写的传统诗歌。分析句子结构可知write在句中应用非谓语动词形式，the traditional poetry与write之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填written。
53. 考查定语从句。句意：中国古典诗歌的一个高潮出现在唐代，在这一时期，中国诗歌几乎融入了文学阶层职业和社会生活的方方面面。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Tang Dynasty，作介词during的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
54. 考查形容词。句意：中国古典诗歌的一个高潮出现在唐代，在这一时期，中国诗歌几乎融入了文学阶层职业和社会生活的方方面面。修饰名词life应用形容词social，作定语。故填social。
55. 考查名词的数。句意：与传统押韵的中国诗歌不同，现代中国诗歌通常没有特定的模式。pattern为可数名词，前无限定词，故用复数。故填patterns。
56. 考查时态语态。句意：诗歌在1919年五四运动后发生了革命。poetry与revolutionize之间是被动关系，又是发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为Poetry，谓语用单数。故填was revolutionized。
57. 考查时态。句意：20世纪早期的诗人如胡适、徐志摩和郭沫若试图通过采用西方模式来打破中国诗歌的传统。由Eary20th-century可知，用一般过去时。故填sought。
58. 考查副词。句意：诗歌在中国一直受到高度重视。修饰been held应用副词consistently作状语。故填consistently。
59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，诗歌提供了一种公开和私下表达深层情感的形式，让同行、读者和学者洞察中国作家的内心生活。分析句子结构可知offer在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且poetry与offer之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填offering。
60. 考查冠词。句意：西方人也发现这是一个有趣和令人愉快的研究领域。field为可数名词，表示泛指且interesting是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
3
61. increasing
62. tourism
63. What
64. are
65. being mined
66. with
67. to provide
68. originally
69. has been
70. whose
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了2021年世界各国的主要太空项目。
61. 考查形容词。句意：越来越多国家和商业公司正在投资探索外太空的技术。作定语，修饰名词number，表示“越来越”应用increasing。故填increasing。
62. 考查名词。句意：太空探索技术公司的埃隆·马斯克和维珍银河的理查德·布兰森等企业家正将目光投向太空旅游业，将宇航员送往火星。结合句意，表示“旅游业”应用tourism，space tourism“太空旅游业”。故填tourism。
63. 考查主语从句。句意：曾经只可能在科幻小说发生的事情如今迅速成为现实。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语是is becoming，宾语是the fact，所以设空处引导主语从句，从句充当该句主语，指代“……的事情”，应用what引导。句首字母要大写。故填What。
64. 考查主谓一致。句意：这是技术的进步，我们可能不再对小行星开发、火星移民或新式度假（例如到月球度假）的消息感到惊讶。由设空处后是名词fushuthe advances可知，设空处的系动词需用复数形式are。故填are。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是技术的进步，我们可能不再对小行星开发、火星移民或新式度假（例如到月球度假）的消息感到惊讶。分析可知，介词of后为动名词的复合结构，且asteroids与mine之间是被动关系，所以此处需用动名词的被动语态，故填being mined。
66. 考查介词。句意：今年将以一个激动人心的项目开始，该项目将帮助科学家更好地了解宇宙。start with是固定短语，意为“从……开始”。故填with。
67. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目将研究空间中小粒子的碰撞，以深入了解行星最初是如何形成的。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语是will study，并结合句意，设空处应填不定式to provide，充当目的状语。故填to provide。
68. 考查副词。句意：该项目将研究空间中小粒子的碰撞，以深入了解行星最初是如何形成的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填副词originally作状语，修饰动词formed。故填originally。
69. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自太空时代以来，将火星样本送回地球一直是行星科学家的目标。由时间状语“since the early days of the space age”可知，该句时态应为现在完成时。因为主语是动名词短语Returning samples of Mars to Earth，所以此处助动词用has。故填has been。
70. 考查定语从句。句意：今年十月，詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜将发射升空，其任务是观测宇宙形成后最初出现的星系。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句。先行词the James Webb Space Telescope与mission之间是所属关系，所以此处需用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
4
71. descriptive
72. arrangement
73. themselves
74. usually
75. to
76. to learn
77. which##that
78. a
79. consists
80. containing
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英文诗歌的几种简单形式。
71. 考查形容词。句意：诗歌的显著特点通常包括用词简洁、语言生动、意象完整、文学手法和词、行、韵、节奏的排列。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作定语。describe为动词，其形容词为descriptive意为“描述性的”，故填descriptive。
72. 考查名词。句意：同上。设空处应该填写名词作宾语。arrange为动词，意为“安排，排列”其名词为arrangement。故答案为arrangement。
73. 考查代词。句意：诗人用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。分析句子，句中主语为poets，宾语也是poets，主语和宾语一致的情况下应该使用反身代词。故答案为themselves。
74. 考查副词。句意：童谣通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。句中应该使用副词作状语。故填usually。
75. 考查固定搭配。句意：童谣的语言切中要害，有故事情节。句中to the point为固定搭配意为“切中要害”。故填to。
76. 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，孩子们喜欢它们。它们很容易学和背诵。句中are为谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词，be+形容词+to do意为“去做某事...”，to do作主语补足语。故填to learn。
77. 考查定语从句。句意：它有灵活的诗行长度和重复的短语，这为诗歌提供了一种模式和节奏。分析句子，设空处引导的定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的“灵活的诗行长度和重复的短语”为物。故填that或者which。
78. 考查冠词。句意：诗人能在短短几句话中传达出一幅强烈的画面或某种情绪。句中a strong picture表示泛指“一副强烈的画面”。故填a。
79. 考查动词。句意：俳句是一种日本诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。分析句子，设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语。that指代的是Haiku，同时句子描述的是客观事实，故使用第三人称单数。故答案为consists。
80. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的格式为三行，分别包含5、7和5个音节。分析句子，has为谓语动词，设空处应该是用非谓语动词，it指代前文的Haiku与contain之间是主动关系，同时表示伴随。故使用现在分词作伴随状语。故答案填containing。
5
81. for
82. to give
83. to take
84. of
85. what
86. To be
87. attending##to attend
88. When
89. to be
90. to shoulder
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了作者生病不能上学，父母请老师给自己上网课的事情。
81. 考查介词。句意：但是现在，虽然寒假已经结束了，但我仍然有必要留在家里，因为我的疾病。此处考查句型It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.，形容词necessary表示事情的特点或性质，用介词for。故填for。
82. 考查动词不定式。句意：几周前，我父母邀请了一位老师在网上给我上课。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事，此处动词不定式短语作宾补。故填to give。
83. 考查动词不定式。句意：起初，我不知道如何通过互联网上课。此处是“特殊疑问词+to do”结构，相当于名词性从句，作动词know的宾语。故填to take。
84. 考查介词。句意：上课前我上网等老师来，因为学生迟到太粗鲁了。此处考查句型It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.，形容词rude表示人的品格或特点，用介词of。故填of。
85. 考查特殊疑问词。句意：在每节课上，老师都教我做什么和怎么做。特殊疑问词what (什么)，此处是“特殊疑问词（what）+to do”结构，相当于名词性从句，作动词teach的宾语。故填what。
86. 考查动词不定式。句意：老实说，虽然我学习相对努力，但结果不如在学校。此处是动词不定式短语作独立成分，to be honest说老实话，首字母大写。故填To be。
87. 考查动名词或动词不定式。句意：然而，在家上课对我来说是一种安慰。此处是句子主语，用动名词或动词不定式皆可。故填attending/to attend。
88. 考查特殊疑问词。句意：什么时候去上学还不知道，因为没人知道我要多久才能完全康复。根据下文可知此处表示何时（when）去上学。此处是“特殊疑问词+to do”结构，相当于名词性从句，作句子的主语，首字母大写。故填When。
89. 考查动词不定式。句意：我相信我会珍惜上学的时间，更加努力地学习。be用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词time。故填to be。
90. 考查动词不定式。句意：我也相信在未来我会成为另一个钟南山，一定要肩负起保护人民生命健康的责任。shoulder用动词不定式形式作表语，表示将来。故填to shoulder。
6
91. that/which
92. is regarded
93. Generally
94. its
95. independent
96. had reached
97. on
98. finished
99. combining
100. recognition
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国的传统绘画。
91. 考查定语从句。句意：中国传统绘画是用毛笔蘸着黑墨水或彩色颜料在宣纸或丝绸上作画的艺术。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a Chinese brush，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可用that或which引导。故填that/which。
92. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它被认为是中国文化的三大国粹之一，另外两个是传统中医和京剧。句子是描述一个事实，且主语It（指代Traditional Chinese painting）与regard之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is regarded。
93. 考查副词。句意：一般来说，中国传统绘画可以分为三种类型，人物画，山水画和花鸟画。generally speaking是固定搭配，意为“一般来说”，首字母应大写。故填Generally。
94. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：人物画早在战国时期就已经成熟，在唐代达到顶峰。此处修饰名词peak，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
95. 考查形容词。句意：它最早出现在秦朝，并在隋唐时期成为一个独立的体裁。空处应填形容词independent作定语，修饰名词genre。故填independent。
96. 考查过去完成时。句意：到了宋朝，它已经达到了一个非常高的水平。by the time of..到……时间为止，of后跟过去的时间时，句子中的谓语动词用过去完成时。故填had reached。
97. 考查介词。句意：花鸟画集中表现花、鸟、鱼、虫等自然状态。concentrate on是固定搭配，意为“集中于”。故填on。
98. 考查过去分词。句意：在中国传统绘画的成品中，题词、诗歌和邮票往往是并列的。works与finish之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示被动。故填finished。
99. 考查现在分词。句意：因此，中国传统绘画是集诗、书、画、篆刻于一体的艺术形式。an art form与combine之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填combining。
100. 考查名词。句意：它的艺术成就和民族特色赢得了全世界人民的认可。动词won后用名词作宾语，recognition认可，不可数名词。故填recognition。
三、
101. previous experience
【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：我不确定这个年轻人是否有过以前从事此类工作的经验。根据汉语提示可知，“experience”意为“经验”，为不可数名词，“previous”意为“以前的”，形容词词性，作定语修饰“experience”，“previous experience”表示“以前的经验”。故填previous experience。
102. joy and sorrow
【解析】考查名词。句意：舞蹈表达爱与恨，欢乐与悲伤，生与死，以及介于两者之间的一切。“快乐”是joy，“和”是and，“悲伤”是sorrow，都是不可数名词，应填joy and sorrow，作宾语。故填joy and sorrow。
103. more in sorrow than in anger
【解析】考查比较级和不可数名词。句意：他们说做出这个决定更多的是出于悲伤而不是愤怒。根据汉语提示可知，句子表示“他们说做出这个决定更多的是出于悲伤而不是愤怒”，“出于……做出决定”用the decision was made in，“悲哀”是sorrow，“愤怒”是anger，“悲哀多于愤怒”是more in sorrow than in anger，故填more in sorrow than in anger。
104. disturbing words
【解析】考查形容词。句意：每个人都被他那令人不安的话语烦死了。表示“令人不安的”应用形容词disturbing，作定语；表示“话语”应用复数形式words，作宾语。故填disturbing words。
105. a blank look##a blank expression
【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：她面无表情地盯着我。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词with，所以空处应该填名词，名词前应用形容词修饰，根据中文提示词“木然的表情”应译为a blank look或者a blank expression。故填a blank look/expression。
106. wears out suitcases
【解析】考查动词短语、名词和时态。句意：他出行很多，常把手提箱用坏。根据汉语提示，“行李箱”应翻译为suitcase；“用坏”应该翻译为wear out；由前面主句的时态是一般现在时可知，that从句中也应该用一般现在时；suitcase是可数名词，所以要用复数。故填wears out suitcases。
107. a monthly meeting
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：汤姆今天不在办公室。他昨天去北京参加一个月例会。根据汉语提示“每月一次的会议”可知短语为。故填a monthly meeting。
108. It is your responsibility##It’s your responsibility
【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：完成任务是你的责任。根据汉语提示“……是你的责任”及后文的to complete the mission可知，此处应用it作形式主语，后文的不定式to complete the mission是真正的主语，“责任”的英文单词是responsibility，名词作表语，单数代词it做主语，一般现在时中系动词应用单数形式is，故答案为It is your responsibility 或 It’s your responsibility。
109. annual reports##an annual report
【解析】考查名词。句意：公司发布年度报告，告知公众上一年的活动。根据汉语提示可知，报告既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式，所以表示“年度报告”可以用annual reports或an annual report来表示。故填annual reports/an annual report。
110. at the students’ request##at the request of the students
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：张先生应学生们的要求唱了一首歌。根据汉语提示，空处应用介词短语at sb’s request/at the request of sb.，“学生们”使用名词student的复数形式students，前边加上定冠词the表示特指，students的所有格形式为students’。故填at the students’ request/at the request of the students。
111. a waste of limited resources
【解析】考查名词和名词复数。句意：对新技术影响的错误判断会导致有限资源的浪费。表示“……的浪费”应用名词短语a waste of，表示“有限的”应用形容词limited作定语，表示“资源”应用名词resource，resource为可数名词，通常使用复数形式。故填a waste of limited resources。
112. limit team creativity
【解析】考查动词，名词和主谓一致。句意：研究表明，传统的头脑风暴方法实际上限制了团队的创造力。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。在that引导的宾语从句中，表示“限制”应用动词limit作谓语，主语methods是复数，谓语动词用复数，表示“团队”应用名词team，表示“创造力”应用名词creativity，名词team作定语修饰名词creativity。故填limit team creativity。
113. has a unique approach to
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：John是一个受欢迎的老师，他有着独特的方法让自己的文学课变得活跃。根据所给汉语提示“有一种独特的方法”可知，应表达为have a unique approach to，且主语为John，三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数，且此处陈述一般事实，故填has a unique approach to。
114. Being in such a beautiful and wild place
【解析】考查非谓语动词、形容词、介词和名词。句意：生活在这样一个美丽而又荒芜的地方，让我觉得活着是一种幸福。用beautiful表示“美丽的”，wild表示“荒凉的、无人烟的”；地方为place，可数名词；在……地方用介词in；“这样的、如此的”用such表示；在……地方用be in…place，分析句子结构可知，句子中缺少主语，因此使用动名词形式，故用being。故填Being in such a beautiful and wild place。
115.      good      manners
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：得到别人帮助时说“谢谢”是有礼貌的。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语为空后的不定式，则空处为表语部分，应用good manners表示“有礼貌的行为”，故填good manners。
116. without permission
【解析】without permission
考查介词短语。句意：他为未经许可把车停在她的车库里而道歉。“未经许可”用介词短语without permission.
117. acquired a reputation
【解析】考查时态和名词。句意：在她的电影生涯中，她获得了一个坦率直言的名声。“获得”是acquire，“名声”是reputation，由“as an outspoken woman”可知，reputation用单数，前面用冠词a，由“During her film career”可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填acquired a reputation。
118. has proved its value
【解析】考查时态和名词。句意：实际上新的计算机系统证明了它的价值。分析句子可知，“证明”是句中谓语动词，可用动词prove表示，结合句意，强调已经发生的事情对现在的影响，用现在完成态，主语the new computer system是单数名词，谓语动词也应用单数形式has proved；“它的价值”作宾语，用“its value”表示。故填has proved its value。
119. first aid
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：驾驶新手还必须完成7小时的急救理论课程。 表示“急救”应用名词短语first aid作定语。故填first aid。
120.      remote##emote     control
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：理查德拿起遥控器打开电视。根据汉语提示和首字母可知，“遥控器”为固定搭配remote control，且由句意和前面的the可知，此处为一个遥控器，用单数，故填①remote②control。
121.      artificial##rtificial     intelligence
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们在计算机科学系有讨论人工智能的课程。根据汉语提示可知，“人工智能”应用固定搭配artificial intelligence，且为不可数名词。故填①artificial②intelligence。
122. grew dim with tears
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：维吉尼亚的眼里充满泪水，她用手捂着脸。根据句意及汉语提示可知，“眼里充满泪水”也可以理解为“泪眼朦胧”，主语为Virginia’s eyes，设空处可填grow dim with tears，结合后面hid的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。故填grew dim with eyes。
123. seal cutting
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：坐在他旁边的另一个人向我展示了篆刻是如何制作出来的。根据汉语提示“篆刻”可知名词短语为seal cutting，作主语。故填seal cutting。
124. field studies
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：他在中国各地开展实地研究，研究了一千多条河流和溪流，以及沿岸风景、历史和文化。由设空处前面是谓语动词did可知，设空处充当宾语，根据汉语提示“实地研究”及设空处前没有限定词可知，设空处需填名词短语复数field studies。故填field studies。
125. virtual reality
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：例如，虚拟现实和可穿戴技术的进步，以及柔性电池，意味着我们很快就会看到进一步的发展。根据汉语提示“虚拟现实”可知名词短语为virtual reality，作宾语。故填virtual reality。
126. have a great influence on the environment
【解析】考查情态动词和名词。句意：现代农业方法会对环境产生很大影响。情态动词can后接动词原形，have a great influence on sth. (对某事有很大影响)，名词environment (环境)作宾语。故填have a great influence on the environment。
127. at##on the edge of the pool
【解析】考查介词短语和名词。句意：那女孩在泳池边缘时吓了一跳。at /onthe edge of (在……的边缘)，单数名词pool (泳池)。故填at /on the edge of the pool。
128. measures
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：警察会采取更加强硬措施应对犯罪。措施，英文单词为measure，take measures采取措施，故填measures。
129.      ought##ught     extent##xtent     hesitated##esitated
【解析】考查情态动词、动词、名词和时态。句意：他们应该能够在某种程度上提供帮助，但他们犹豫了。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“应该”可知，空格一处应用ought，ought to为情态动词；根据单词首字母和汉语提示“程度”可知，空格二处应用名词extent，to some extent意为“在某种程度上”；根据单词首字母和汉语提示“犹豫”可知，空格三处应用动词hesitate，动词词性，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填①ought；②extent；③hesitated。
130.      of     exceptional     beauty     and     quality
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这些作品旨在传播佛教，它们具有非凡的美感和品质。分析句子再结合汉语提示，可知用“be+of+名词”结构，表示“精美绝伦，品质非凡”可用be of exceptional beauty and quality。故填①of ②exceptional ③beauty ④and ⑤quality。
131.      won two gold medals     passion, efforts#hard work, persistence#perseverance and courage#bravery     led to
【解析】【答题空1】考查时态。句意：谷爱凌在北京2022年冬奥会上获得了两枚金牌，她说，是激情、努力、坚持而不是天赋成就了她的成功。根据汉语提示“获得两枚金牌”，以及句子结构可知，设空处缺谓语动词；根据后文的时间状语“Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics”可知，此处应用一般过去时态；“获得”用动词win表示，其过去时态是won，“两枚金牌”用two gold medals表示。故填won two gold medals。
【答题空2】
考查名词。根据汉语提示“激情、努力、坚持和勇气”，以及句子结构可知，设空处做主语，“激情”用passion表示，“努力”用efforts或hard work表示；“坚持和勇气”用persistence and courage或perseverance and bravery表示。 故填passion, efforts/hard work, persistence/perseverance and courage/bravery。
【答题空3】
考查动词短语及时态。根据汉语提示“导致／通向成功”，以及句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语，应用lead to表示；根据前文的said可知，此处要用一般过去时，lead   的过去时是led。故填led to。
132.      white     lies
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有时善意的谎言会带来我们提前无法预知的结果。分析句子结构可知本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词做主语，再根据所给中文提示词“善意的谎言”，所以应翻译为white lie，lie做“谎言”之意时，是可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填①white②lies。
133. a diversity of
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：这个自然保护区是各种不同的稀有动植物的家园。根据所给句子可知，此处需要使用名词短语作介词to的宾语，“各种不同的”英语使用名词短语“a diversity of”，故填a diversity of。
134. with the/a good reputation
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我很惊讶，一个拥有盛誉的公司会生产这么低质量的产品。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用介词短语作定语修饰名词“company(公司)”，“声誉”英语使用名词“reputation”，“好的”英语使用“good”，因此“拥有盛誉”英语使用介词短语“with the/a good reputation”，故填with the/a good reputation。
135.      head      start
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：这种起步前的优势是否会成为终身优势还有待观察。head start起步前的优势。做主语，故填head start。
136.      a      chorus      of
【解析】考查短语。句意：大家对该建议异口同声表示赞成。a chorus of 齐声；异口同声。根据汉语提示及句意，故填a chorus of 。
137. narrow escape
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：去年，我从一个撞车事故中死里逃生，我不想再一次冒生命危险了。名词短语narrow escape (死里逃生)符合句意，作宾语。故填narrow escape。
138. narrow the gap
【解析】考查动词原形和名词。句意：父母和孩子应该多交流，缩小他们之间的差距，以便更好地相互了解。该空narrow用动词原形形式和前面的to构成动词不定式做目的状语，名词gap作宾语，表特指用定冠词the。故填narrow the gap。
139. the sense of responsibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：瑞克出生在一个传统的家庭，从小就受到重视责任和分享的教育。根据所给句子可知，此处需要使用名词短语作value的宾语，“感觉”英语使用“sense”“责任”英文使用“responsibility”，“责任感”为“the sensen of responsibility”，故填the sense of responsibility。
140. resources
【解析】考查名词。句意：很明显，我们永远不会有足够的资源以满足需求。根据汉语提示及空前have enough可知，该空应填名词作宾语， resource当“资源”讲是可数名词，且用enough修饰，所以用复数形式。故填resources。