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2022-2023学年吉林省吉林市永吉四中高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年吉林省吉林市永吉四中高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析），共15页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年吉林省吉林市永吉四中高二（上）期末英语试卷
A
We all like fantasy stories，and grow up reading and listening to fantasies．These tales fuel our imaginations，and satisfy our longings for adventures．The most interesting thing about fantasies is that their plots involve magical beasts and heroes，animal creatures talking like humans，and other things we can't see in real life．Also，fantasies have a distinguished writing style，with freedom of expression．
Toy Fantasy
In toy fantasy stories，narrators（叙述者）bring their beloved toys to life that can live，talk，think，breathe and behave like human beings．You would see modern toy fantasies in a picture book format．Representative works are A．A．Milne's Winnie the Pooh and Carlo Collodi's The Adventures of Pinocchio．
Animal Fantasy
The animal fantasy tells tales about animals behaving like human beings，experiencing emotions，and having the ability to talk．However，animals in fantasies hold their various animal characteristics，too．Examples include The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame，Charlotte's Web by E．B．White，and The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter which influences children around the world．
Magical Fantasy
In a magical fantasy，you see a character having magical powers，or a strange magical object becomes the subject of the story．Stories of this type began widely spreading long ago，including Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and William Steig's Sylvester and the Magic Pebble．
Modern Folktales
Modern folktales are types of fantasy that narrators tell in a traditional tale accompanying some typical parts，such as strong conflict，little description of characters，and sometimes magical elements．These tales come before all others and are popular，as authors throughout history，have written them．Hans Christian Andersen has written several tales of this category including The Nightingale，The Emperor's New Clothes and Thumbelina．
1. What is the common feature of the fantasies？ ______
A. Their characters are highly popular.
B. Their events occur in the unreal world.
C. Their writing styles show desires for freedom.
D. Their plots encourage people to have adventures.
2. Who made a great contribution to the animal fantasy？ ______
A. Carlo Collodi. B. Beatrix Potter.
C. William Steig. D. Hans Christian Andersen.
3. Which type of fantasy has the longest history？ ______
A. The toy fantasy. B. The animal fantasy.
C. The magical fantasy. D. The modern folktales.
B
When the sun comes up over the castle of Rocca Calascio，a small mountain village high up in the Italian Apennines，it's like a silent，magic wonderland.One such sunrise struck Franco Cagnoli with a spiritual calling that led him to go on a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.
Rocca Calascio has seen no resident since 1957.Depopulation of rural or mountain villages in Italy began with the resettlement of villagers in the early 20th century，happening faster after World War II when people were attracted to urban jobs.
However，like many places，the area is enjoying a revival （复苏） and now home to some families. "To put it in romantic terms，there is a love story between me and the ancient building，" Cagnoli said as he showed visitors round the castle of Rocca Calascio.The castle，with foundations dating back about 1，000 years，is one of the highest in Europe.It began as a tower in a line of connected structures to control and protect the land that stretched inland from the Adriatic Sea.
Cagnoli，now 39，first saw Rocca Calascio when he was 16.He was on a road trip to find himself. "I arrived here as the morning sun lit up the castle.I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed，" he said. "I thought it was the most beautiful place.I felt special energies，deciding to help its rebirth." He's now the castle's caretaker and head of a cooperative whose members guide visitors.
"Besides temporary visitors，the complete revival has much to do with permanent residents.People of the previous generation didn't appreciate the land they lived on，" Valeria Befani，a resident in the village，said. "Today's teenagers，like my children，are proud of their land and are happy if they can stay here."
4. What inspired Cagnoli to help revive Rocca Calascio？ ______
A. His trip to find himself.
B. The impressive scene of the village.
C. His love for ancient buildings.
D. The historical importance of the castle.
5. How was Rocca Calascio affected by World War II？ ______
A. Its population loss speeded up. B. It got left behind in economy.
C. Its buildings were damaged. D. It was known by more people.
6. Why was the castle built？ ______
A. To attract people to visit.
B. To reduce attack from waves.
C. To strengthen coastal defense.
D. To protect the connected structures.
7. What might Befani agree with？ ______
A. Views of different generations vary greatly.
B. Reviving Rocca Calascio has a long way to go.
C. Teenagers doesn't appreciate their hometown.
D. The future of Rocca Calascio is full of promise.
You'll probably be familiar with the North American spelling of the word " airplane".However，if you've ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom，you've probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning. (1) .The American English spelling is "airplane" while the British English spelling is "aeroplane".So，why does this happen？
Let's look at the root of the phenomenon. (2) . " British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French，but American English，when it has deviated（背离）from what British English does，often changes into the direction of seeming less French， "says Lynne Murphy，author of The Prodigal Tongue：The Love-Hate Relationship Between British & American English.
(3) . "Aeroplane "is no exception. "We're comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms，but as planes became more common things to talk about，the 'aero' seemed too fancy， "explains Murphy. "In Scientific American in 1906，there was already a claim that (4) .Ten years later， 'airplane' was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.It was considered in the United Kingdom，but that suggestion didn't go anywhere."
There's a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently，and why that will continue to happen. " (5) ， and people are generally proud of it，so they continue to spell differently， "says Murphy.
A．Every country has different culture
B．Your spelling tells people where you're from
C．The word "airplane" happens to be an example
D．Airplane is a much better word than aeroplane
E．American English and British English have similar historical origins
F．There's a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics，government，and science
G．A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages，like Latin，Greek，and French
8. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
9. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
10. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
11. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
That year I was eleven and in sixth grade.In Wethersfield,all sixth-graders are(13)to take part in the R.O.P.E.Program.Its main(14)is to believe your peers （同龄人），work together,and(15)new adventures.These programs including falling backward and(16) peers to catch you,working together to fit into a small circle and something of that kind.
I was ready to participate in these(17).Falling backward and fitting into a small circle were nothing to me.Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring,but I could(18)it.Finally the day came when my sixth grade class would travel to climb and rappel（绕绳下滑）a mountain in Southington.Those people who were too(19)were allowed to practice climbing and rappelling a smaller area of rocks.but that wasn't for me.I could climb the big mountain.
Twenty minutes later,my(20)arrived.As I was well(21)，I set off at bonce.I got a quarter of the way up but couldn't seem to get any(22).I tried and tried.I began to put myself down and cry.There was nothing more(23)than my classmates were looking at me.All I kept(24)was "Lisa,you can do it.Try to fit your foot in there.(25)，Lisa you're almost there."
It was then that I thought to myself, "Why am I crying？I can do this." Almost(26)I went on going up the mountain.Within five minutes I successfully(27)to the top.
13. A. allowed B. reported C. required D. reminded
14. A. idea B. result C. question D. road
15. A. witness B. introduce C. experience D. describe
16. A. begging B. thinking C. promising D. trusting
17. A. lectures B. discussions C. stories D. activities
18. A. handle B. discover C. change D. need
19. A. naughty B. noisy C. scared D. annoyed
20. A. friend B. turn C. teacher D. day
21. A. relaxed B. balanced C. organized D. prepared
22. A. quicker B. warmer C. farther D. longer
23. A. embarrassing B. amazing C. exciting D. disappointing
24. A. shouting B. remembering C. learning D. hearing
25. A. Watch out B. Come on C. Hurry up D. Walk along
26. A. entirely B. carefully C. dangerously D. immediately
27. A. reached B. got C. arrived D. took
28. The children in the mountain village have no ______（entertain） after class.
29. In this sense，nothing is as ______（ appeal） as spending time with the family and enjoying various entertainment activities.
30. Trains are ______ (rely), cheap and best for long-distance journeys.
31. The clothes may be ______（slight） more expensive ，but they last a lot longer.
32. The ______（employ） decided to employ Tom as her secretary.
33. About 90% of rice ______（consume） is from Asia，but demand in Africa and Latin America is on the rise.
34. They felt ______（ frustrate） at the lack of progress despite his long-term effort.
35. He was afraid of being attacked by Liu Bei and Sun Quan，so he sent a troop to ______（ defence） Jingzhou.
36. The man， ______（ suspect） of stealing the jewels from the shop，was missing last night.
37. She felt very ______（depress） about the future，which made us worried.
38. Exercise ______（strength） the heart and increases the lungs' ability to take in oxygen.
39. The study shows that there is a close ______（associate） between smog and lung cancer.
40. Greatly ______（inspire）by the stories of those heroes，some students wanted to join the army.
41. It is really ______（surprise）that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto.
42. Heavy Metal Music really ______（ arise） in the late 60s.
43. When ______（ face） with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.
44. The boy's mother kept him ______（stand）outside for half an hour as a punishment.
45.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、B、D
【解析】（1）B．细节理解题。根据文章第一段The most interesting thing about fantasies is that their plots involve magical beasts and heroes ，animal creatures talking like humans ，and other things we can't see in real life. 幻想最有趣的地方在于，它们的情节包括神奇的野兽和英雄，像人类一样说话的动物，以及其他我们在现实生活中看不到的东西。可知，幻想故事的共同特征是他们的事件在虚幻的世界里展开。结合选项，故选B。
（2）B．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Examples include The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame ，Charlote's Web by E ．B．White，and The Tale of Peler Rabbit by Beatrix Poter which influences children around the world. 例如肯尼思•格雷厄姆的《柳树上的风》、E．B．怀特的《夏洛特的网》和贝娅特丽克丝•波特影响了全世界的孩子。可知，贝娅特丽克丝•波特对动物幻想做出了巨大贡献。故选B。
（3）D．推理判断题。根据Modern Folktales 介绍部分These tales come before all others and are popular ，as authors throughout history have witted them.Hans Christian Andersen has witted several tales of this category including The Nighingale ，The Emperor's New Clothes and Thumbelina. 这些故事比其他故事来得早，并且很受欢迎，因为历史上的作者们一直在对它们进行思考。安徒生这类故事包括《黑鬼》《皇帝的新衣》和《拇指姑娘》。可知，现代民间故事历史最长。结合选项，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种类型的幻想故事。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段When the sun comes up over the castle of Rocca Calascio，a small mountain village high up in the Italian Apennines，it's like a silent，magic wonderland.One such sunrise struck Franco Cagnoli with a spiritual calling that led him to go on a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.（当太阳从意大利亚平宁山脉高处的小山村罗卡•卡拉西奥城堡上空升起时，这里就像一个寂静而神奇的仙境。一次这样的日出给了弗兰科•卡格诺利一种精神上的召唤，促使他去执行一项对村庄和他自己都产生了深刻影响的使命。）和倒数第二段Franco Cagnoli的话""I arrived here as the morning sun lit up the castle.I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed，" he said. "I thought it was the most beautiful place.I felt special energies，deciding to help its rebirth."（"我到达这里时，早晨的阳光照亮了城堡。从那天起，我的内心发生了变化。"他说，"我认为这是最美丽的地方。我感受到了特殊的能量，决定帮助它重生。"）可知，第一段中的a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.（这个使命深深地影响了村子和他自己。）指帮助复兴罗卡卡拉西奥。因此太阳从罗卡卡拉西奥的城堡升起的壮观一幕激励他去帮助复兴该村庄。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Depopulation of rural or mountain villages in Italy began with the resettlement of villagers in the early 20th century，accelerating after World War Two when people were attracted to urban jobs.（20世纪初，随着村民的重新安置，意大利农村或山村的人口减少开始了。二战后，人们被吸引到城市工作，这一现象加速。）可知，20世纪，早期意大利的乡村和山村人口剧减，第二次世界大战后，许多人离开了农村地区前往城市，人口减少加剧。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段It was built as a tower in a line of connected structures to control and protect the land that stretched inland from the Adriatic Sea.（它是作为一排连接的建筑中的一座塔，用来控制和保护从亚得里亚海延伸到内陆的土地。）可知，这座城堡是一排相连的建筑中的一个塔，其目的是控制和保护从亚得里亚海延伸到内陆的土地。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段"Besides temporary visitors，the complete revival has much to do with permanent residents.People of the previous generation didn't appreciate the land they lived on，" Valeria Befani，a resident in the village，said. "Today's teenagers，like my children，are proud of their land and are happy if they can stay here."（"除了临时游客，完全的复兴与永久居民有很大关系。上一代人并不珍惜他们赖以生存的土地，"村里的居民瓦莱丽娅•贝法尼说。"今天的青少年和我的孩子一样，为自己的土地感到骄傲，如果能留在这里，他们也很高兴。"）可知，贝法尼认为，罗卡卡拉西奥的彻底复兴与长期居住的居民有很大联系，如今的青少年为罗卡卡拉西奥感到骄傲，如果他们能留在这里，他们会很高兴。由此可知，罗卡卡拉西奥有了真正热爱它的居民，它的未来充满希望。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Franco Cagnoli看到太阳从罗卡卡拉西奥的城堡升起时深受震撼，于是决定并着手帮助复兴这个意大利小山村。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~12.【答案】C、G、F、D、B
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据空前的However，if you've ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom，you've probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning（然而，如果你曾经乘坐国际航班离开美国前往另一个英语国家，如英国，你可能会注意到，具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同）可知，设空处应举例说明具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同。C项"'飞机'这个词就是一个例子"符合语境。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据上句Let's look at the root of the phenomenon. （让我们来看看现象的根源）可知，本段主要讲的是airplane和aeroplane 拼写方式不同的原因。结合空后的British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French，but American English，when it has deviated（背离）from what British English does，often changes into the direction of seeming less French，（英式英语一般倾向于喜欢那些让人想起法语的拼写和单词，但美式英语一旦偏离了英式英语的特点，往往会朝着看起来不那么法式的方向转变）可知，空处内容应涉及英式英语与美式英语和其他语言之间的关系。G项"英语中有很多单词是从其他语言借来的，比如拉丁语、希腊语和法语"符合语境。故选G。
（3）主旨大意题。空处为本段主题句。根据空后"Aeroplane "is no exception. "We're comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms，but as planes became more common things to talk about，the 'aero' seemed too fancy， "explains Murphy.（"飞机"也不例外。墨菲解释说："在科学术语中，aero这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aero这个词似乎太花哨了"）以及Ten years later， 'airplane' was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.（十年后，"飞机"被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语）可知，本段主要介绍了aeroplane与airplane在拼写上的差异和科学上的联系。F项"有很多历史超越了文字，深入到政治、政府和科学"概括本段内容，符合语境。故选F。
（4）推理判断题。根据空前"Aeroplane "is no exception. "We're comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms，but as planes became more common things to talk about，the 'aero' seemed too fancy， "explains Murphy.（"飞机"也不例外。墨菲解释说："在科学术语中，aero这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aero这个词似乎太花哨了"）以及空后Ten years later， 'airplane' was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.（十年后， "飞机"被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语）可知空处应涉及airplane这种拼写方式在美国得到认可。D项"Airplane这个词比aeroplane好得多"符合语境。故选D。
（5）联系上文题。根据空前的There's a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently，and why that will continue to happen （意思相同的单词拼写不同，而且这种情况会继续发生，这是有原因的）可知，设空处应是在介绍表示同一含义的单词的英式拼写和美式拼写不同这种现象持续发生的原因。B项"你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里"说明原因是你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里，符合语境。故选B。
本文是说明文。本文以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上的差异为例介绍了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
13~27.【答案】C、A、C、D、D、A、C、B、D、C、A、D、B、D、B
【解析】（1）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.allowed允许；B.reported报道；C.required需要；D.reminded提醒。句意：在Wethersfield,所有六年级学生都必须参加R.O.PE.项目。由上文的"In Wethersfield,all sixth-graders'可知，Wethersfied的传统是，所有六年级学生都被要求参加R.O.P.E.项目，be required to do sth.（被要求做某事）。故选C项。
（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.idea想法，思想；B.result结果；C.question问题；D.road路。句意：它的主要思想是相信你的同龄人，一起工作，体验新的冒险。由下文的to believe your peers （同龄人），work together,and（3）new adventures可知，相信你的同龄人，一起工作，体验新的冒险，是R.O.PE.项目的目的或思想。故选A项。
（3）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.witness目击；B.introduce介绍；C.experience体验；D.describe描述。句意：它的主要思想是相信你的同龄人，一起工作，体验新的冒险。由下文的"new adventures"和下文作者的攀登体验可知，此处指R.O.PE.项目让六年级学生体验新的冒险。故选C项。
（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.begging折求；B.thinking思考；C.promising承诺；D.trusting信任。句意：这些计划包括向后倒下并相信同龄人会抓住你，共同努力融入一个小圈子等等。由上文的to believe your peers （同龄人）可知，R.O.P.E.项目的目的是相信你的同龄人，所以向后倒下时，你应该相信你的同龄人会抓住你。故选D项。
（5）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.lectures演讲；B.discussions讨论；C.stories故事；D.activities活动。句意：我准备参加这些活动。由下文的Falling backward and fitting into a small circle were nothing to me.Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring可知，作者六年级了，要准备参加R.0.PE.项目的各种活动了，如向后倒下、共同努力融入一个小圈子和用一根绳子过小溪等。故选D项。
（6）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.handle应付；B.discover 发现；C.change改变；D.need需要。句意：越过小溪时，除了一根绳子，没什么能支撑我，这很大胆，但我能应付。由上文的"Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring,but"可知，but表转折，尽管只有一根绳子过小溪，但作者觉得自己能应对这种情况。故选A项。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.naughty淘气的；B.noisy吵闹的；C.scared害怕的；D.annoyed恼怒的。句意：那些太害怕的人被允许在一小块岩石上练习攀爬和绕绳下滑，但这对我来说不合适。由下文的were allowed to practice climbing and rappelling a smaller area of rocks.but that wasn't for me.I could climb the big mountain可知，相较于胆大的作者敢爬大山而言，只能在一小块岩石上练习攀爬和绕绳下滑的学生很胆小、害怕。故选C项。
（8）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.friend朋友；B.turn（依次轮到的）机会；C.teacher教师；D.day日子。句意：二十分钟后，轮到我了。由本处语境和下文的"I set off at once"可知，作者开始爬了，说明轮到作者攀登了。故选B项。
（9）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.relaxed放松的；B.balanced均衡的；C.organized有条理的；D.prepared准备好。句意：由于我准备充分，我立刻出发了。由上文的"I could climb the big mountain."可知，作者认为自己可以爬大山，信心满满，应该是准备出发的。故选D项。
（10）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.quicker更快的；B.warmer更温暖的；C.farther更远的；D.longer更长的。句意：我走了四分之一的路，但似乎无法走得更远了。由下文的"I began to put myself down and cry"可知，与上文作者信心满满认为自己能爬大山相对，作者攀爬受挫，山不是那么好攀爬的，因为似乎无法攀爬得更远，所以沮丧地哭了起来。故选C项。
（11）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassing令人尴尬的；B.amazing令人大为惊奇的；C.exciting令人兴奋的；D.disappointing令人失望的。句意：没有什么比我的同学看着我更尴尬的了。由上文的"I began to put myself down and cry."和下文的"my classmates were looking at me"可知，作者攀爬受挫，开始哭泣，被同学看到，自觉非常尴尬。故选A项。
（12）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.shouting大叫；B.remembering记得；C.learning学习；D.hearing听见。句意：我一直听到的是"丽莎，你能行。试着把你的脚放进去。快点，丽莎，你就快到了。"由下文的"Lisa,you can do it.Try to fit your foot in there."可知，"丽莎，你能行。试着把你的脚放进去。"是作者听到的内容。故选D项。
（13）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.Watch out小心；B.Come on加油；C.Hurry up赶快；D.Walk along沿着……走。句意：我一直听到的是"丽莎，你能行。试着把你的脚放进去。快点，丽莎，你就快到了。"由下文的"Lisa you're almost there"可知，这是对方鼓励作者的话语，Come on符合语境。故选B项。
（14）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.entirely完全；B.carefully认真地；C.dangerously危险地；D.immediately立刻。句意：我几乎立刻继续攀爬上山。由上文的"Lisa you're almost there"可知，听到对方鼓励自己快要到山顶的话，作者立马重拾信心，攀爬上山。故选D项。
（15）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.reached到达（及物动词）；B.got到达（不及物动词）；C.arrived到达（不及物动词，常可与介词at和in连用）；D.took拿走。句意：不到五分钟，我就成功地登上了顶峰。由上文的"successfully"可知，作者成功登顶，get to+地点，意为"到达"。故选B项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者六年级参加R.0.PE.项目时，本以为自己能爬到山顶，结果在半途坚持不下去了，最终却在同伴的鼓励下成功地登上了顶峰的故事。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
28.【答案】entertainment
【解析】分析句子可知此处要填名词作宾语，entertainment是抽象名词"娱乐"不可数。
故填：entertainment。
山村里的孩子们课后没有娱乐活动。
单词填空在解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂意思的基础上，结合句子提供的特定的语言环境去分析。要解决好语法问题，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，掌握词性的用法和词汇的固定结构，从而答对题目。
29.【答案】appealing
【解析】appeal"吸引"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词appealing"吸引人的"作表语。
故填：appealing。
从这个意义上说，没有什么比与家人共度时光和享受各种娱乐活动更吸引人了。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
30.【答案】reliable
【解析】句意：火车是长途旅行中可靠，廉价和最合适的旅行方式。分析句子结构可知，空格处和后面的cheap，best是并列结构，所以此处要用形容词，作系动词are的表语；reliable形容词，意为“可靠的”符合句意。故填reliable。
31.【答案】slightly
【解析】slight"轻微的"是形容词，分析句子可知，横线处用副词slightly"轻微地"作状语修饰形容词expensive。
故填：slightly。
这些衣服可能稍微贵一点，但耐用得多。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
32.【答案】employer
【解析】employ"雇佣"是动词，分析句子可知横线处用名词作主语，表示"雇主"用employer，根据her可知横线处用可数名词单数。
故填：employer。
雇主决定雇用汤姆为她的秘书。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
33.【答案】consumption
【解析】consume"消费"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词作介词of的宾语，consumption"消费"是抽象名词，不可数。
故填：consumption。
大约90%的大米消费来自亚洲，但非洲和拉丁美洲的需求正在上升。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
34.【答案】frustrated
【解析】frustrate"使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词作表语，frustrated"沮丧的"。
故填：frustrated。
尽管他做了长期的努力，但他们对缺乏进展感到沮丧。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
35.【答案】defend
【解析】defence"保卫"，根据后面的Jingzhou可知，此处应填动词，结合前面的不定式符号to可知，填动词原形，defence的动词形式是defend。
故填：defend。
他害怕受到刘备和孙权的攻击，于是派兵保卫荆州。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
36.【答案】suspected
【解析】suspect"疑有"，分析可知此处在句中作定语修饰the man，the man和suspect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。
故填：suspected。
涉嫌从商店偷珠宝的男子，昨晚失踪了。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
37.【答案】depressed
【解析】depress"使沮丧；使抑郁"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词depressed"抑郁的；沮丧的"作表语。
故填：depressed。
她对未来感到非常沮丧，这让我们很担心。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
38.【答案】strengthens
【解析】strength"加强，增强"，分析句子可知，此处在句中和increases并列作谓语，根据increases可知用一般现在时，主语Exercise是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
故填：strengthens。
锻炼可以增强心脏，增加肺部吸收氧气的能力。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
39.【答案】association
【解析】答案：association.根据句意：研究表明，烟雾与肺癌之间有着密切的联系。以及提示单词空格处缺少"联系"，需要名词作表语，其英语是association。故填association。
研究表明，烟雾与肺癌之间有着密切的联系。
本题不仅仅是考查单词拼写，基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】inspire"鼓舞，启发"，分析可知，Greatly _____（inspire）by the stories of those heroes在句中作状语，主语some students与inspire之间是被动关系，此处应填过去分词表被动。
故填：inspired。
受到这些英雄故事的极大启发，一些学生想参军。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
41.【答案】surprising
【解析】surprise"惊讶"是名词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词作表语，主语that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto是一个句子，表示一件事，所以用-ing形容词。
故填：surprising。
多伦多有这么多中国餐馆，真是令人惊讶。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
42.【答案】arose
【解析】arise"兴起"，这里作谓语，本句时间状语是" the late 60s"，应使用过去式。
故填：arose。
重金属音乐真正兴起于60年代末。
本题考查单词填空。首先根据句子结构和词与词之间的搭配关系判断应用所给词的何种词性进行填空，然后写出单词的适当形式。
43.【答案】faced
【解析】所给的动词face与其逻辑主语we是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式faced。
故填：faced。
当遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
本题考查单词填空。首先根据句子结构和词与词之间的搭配关系判断应用所给词的何种词性进行填空，然后用单词的适当形式填空。
44.【答案】standing
【解析】stand"站立"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处所在结构为"keep +宾语+宾补"，him与stand之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。keep sb.doing sth."让某人一直做某事"是固定用法。
故填：standing。
作为惩罚，男孩的母亲让他在外面站了半小时。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
45.【答案】The person I admire most is Yuan Longping，who was strong-minded and continued setting higher goals instead of stopping trying，which leaves me a deep impression.【高分句型】（最敬佩的人）
【解析】高分句型：The person I admire most is Yuan Longping，who was strong-minded and continued setting higher goals instead of stopping trying，which leaves me a deep impression.
翻译：我最欣赏的人是袁隆平，他意志坚定，不断设定更高的目标，而不是停止尝试，这给我留下了深刻的印象。
分析：本句使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
2022-2023学年吉林省吉林市永吉四中高二（上）期末英语试卷
A
We all like fantasy stories，and grow up reading and listening to fantasies．These tales fuel our imaginations，and satisfy our longings for adventures．The most interesting thing about fantasies is that their plots involve magical beasts and heroes，animal creatures talking like humans，and other things we can't see in real life．Also，fantasies have a distinguished writing style，with freedom of expression．
Toy Fantasy
In toy fantasy stories，narrators（叙述者）bring their beloved toys to life that can live，talk，think，breathe and behave like human beings．You would see modern toy fantasies in a picture book format．Representative works are A．A．Milne's Winnie the Pooh and Carlo Collodi's The Adventures of Pinocchio．
Animal Fantasy
The animal fantasy tells tales about animals behaving like human beings，experiencing emotions，and having the ability to talk．However，animals in fantasies hold their various animal characteristics，too．Examples include The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame，Charlotte's Web by E．B．White，and The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter which influences children around the world．
Magical Fantasy
In a magical fantasy，you see a character having magical powers，or a strange magical object becomes the subject of the story．Stories of this type began widely spreading long ago，including Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and William Steig's Sylvester and the Magic Pebble．
Modern Folktales
Modern folktales are types of fantasy that narrators tell in a traditional tale accompanying some typical parts，such as strong conflict，little description of characters，and sometimes magical elements．These tales come before all others and are popular，as authors throughout history，have written them．Hans Christian Andersen has written several tales of this category including The Nightingale，The Emperor's New Clothes and Thumbelina．
1. What is the common feature of the fantasies？ ______
A. Their characters are highly popular.
B. Their events occur in the unreal world.
C. Their writing styles show desires for freedom.
D. Their plots encourage people to have adventures.
2. Who made a great contribution to the animal fantasy？ ______
A. Carlo Collodi. B. Beatrix Potter.
C. William Steig. D. Hans Christian Andersen.
3. Which type of fantasy has the longest history？ ______
A. The toy fantasy. B. The animal fantasy.
C. The magical fantasy. D. The modern folktales.
B
When the sun comes up over the castle of Rocca Calascio，a small mountain village high up in the Italian Apennines，it's like a silent，magic wonderland.One such sunrise struck Franco Cagnoli with a spiritual calling that led him to go on a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.
Rocca Calascio has seen no resident since 1957.Depopulation of rural or mountain villages in Italy began with the resettlement of villagers in the early 20th century，happening faster after World War II when people were attracted to urban jobs.
However，like many places，the area is enjoying a revival （复苏） and now home to some families. "To put it in romantic terms，there is a love story between me and the ancient building，" Cagnoli said as he showed visitors round the castle of Rocca Calascio.The castle，with foundations dating back about 1，000 years，is one of the highest in Europe.It began as a tower in a line of connected structures to control and protect the land that stretched inland from the Adriatic Sea.
Cagnoli，now 39，first saw Rocca Calascio when he was 16.He was on a road trip to find himself. "I arrived here as the morning sun lit up the castle.I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed，" he said. "I thought it was the most beautiful place.I felt special energies，deciding to help its rebirth." He's now the castle's caretaker and head of a cooperative whose members guide visitors.
"Besides temporary visitors，the complete revival has much to do with permanent residents.People of the previous generation didn't appreciate the land they lived on，" Valeria Befani，a resident in the village，said. "Today's teenagers，like my children，are proud of their land and are happy if they can stay here."
4. What inspired Cagnoli to help revive Rocca Calascio？ ______
A. His trip to find himself.
B. The impressive scene of the village.
C. His love for ancient buildings.
D. The historical importance of the castle.
5. How was Rocca Calascio affected by World War II？ ______
A. Its population loss speeded up. B. It got left behind in economy.
C. Its buildings were damaged. D. It was known by more people.
6. Why was the castle built？ ______
A. To attract people to visit.
B. To reduce attack from waves.
C. To strengthen coastal defense.
D. To protect the connected structures.
7. What might Befani agree with？ ______
A. Views of different generations vary greatly.
B. Reviving Rocca Calascio has a long way to go.
C. Teenagers doesn't appreciate their hometown.
D. The future of Rocca Calascio is full of promise.
You'll probably be familiar with the North American spelling of the word " airplane".However，if you've ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom，you've probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning. (1) .The American English spelling is "airplane" while the British English spelling is "aeroplane".So，why does this happen？
Let's look at the root of the phenomenon. (2) . " British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French，but American English，when it has deviated（背离）from what British English does，often changes into the direction of seeming less French， "says Lynne Murphy，author of The Prodigal Tongue：The Love-Hate Relationship Between British & American English.
(3) . "Aeroplane "is no exception. "We're comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms，but as planes became more common things to talk about，the 'aero' seemed too fancy， "explains Murphy. "In Scientific American in 1906，there was already a claim that (4) .Ten years later， 'airplane' was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.It was considered in the United Kingdom，but that suggestion didn't go anywhere."
There's a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently，and why that will continue to happen. " (5) ， and people are generally proud of it，so they continue to spell differently， "says Murphy.
A．Every country has different culture
B．Your spelling tells people where you're from
C．The word "airplane" happens to be an example
D．Airplane is a much better word than aeroplane
E．American English and British English have similar historical origins
F．There's a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics，government，and science
G．A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages，like Latin，Greek，and French
8. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
9. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
10. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
11. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
That year I was eleven and in sixth grade.In Wethersfield,all sixth-graders are(13)to take part in the R.O.P.E.Program.Its main(14)is to believe your peers （同龄人），work together,and(15)new adventures.These programs including falling backward and(16) peers to catch you,working together to fit into a small circle and something of that kind.
I was ready to participate in these(17).Falling backward and fitting into a small circle were nothing to me.Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring,but I could(18)it.Finally the day came when my sixth grade class would travel to climb and rappel（绕绳下滑）a mountain in Southington.Those people who were too(19)were allowed to practice climbing and rappelling a smaller area of rocks.but that wasn't for me.I could climb the big mountain.
Twenty minutes later,my(20)arrived.As I was well(21)，I set off at bonce.I got a quarter of the way up but couldn't seem to get any(22).I tried and tried.I began to put myself down and cry.There was nothing more(23)than my classmates were looking at me.All I kept(24)was "Lisa,you can do it.Try to fit your foot in there.(25)，Lisa you're almost there."
It was then that I thought to myself, "Why am I crying？I can do this." Almost(26)I went on going up the mountain.Within five minutes I successfully(27)to the top.
13. A. allowed B. reported C. required D. reminded
14. A. idea B. result C. question D. road
15. A. witness B. introduce C. experience D. describe
16. A. begging B. thinking C. promising D. trusting
17. A. lectures B. discussions C. stories D. activities
18. A. handle B. discover C. change D. need
19. A. naughty B. noisy C. scared D. annoyed
20. A. friend B. turn C. teacher D. day
21. A. relaxed B. balanced C. organized D. prepared
22. A. quicker B. warmer C. farther D. longer
23. A. embarrassing B. amazing C. exciting D. disappointing
24. A. shouting B. remembering C. learning D. hearing
25. A. Watch out B. Come on C. Hurry up D. Walk along
26. A. entirely B. carefully C. dangerously D. immediately
27. A. reached B. got C. arrived D. took
28. The children in the mountain village have no ______（entertain） after class.
29. In this sense，nothing is as ______（ appeal） as spending time with the family and enjoying various entertainment activities.
30. Trains are ______ (rely), cheap and best for long-distance journeys.
31. The clothes may be ______（slight） more expensive ，but they last a lot longer.
32. The ______（employ） decided to employ Tom as her secretary.
33. About 90% of rice ______（consume） is from Asia，but demand in Africa and Latin America is on the rise.
34. They felt ______（ frustrate） at the lack of progress despite his long-term effort.
35. He was afraid of being attacked by Liu Bei and Sun Quan，so he sent a troop to ______（ defence） Jingzhou.
36. The man， ______（ suspect） of stealing the jewels from the shop，was missing last night.
37. She felt very ______（depress） about the future，which made us worried.
38. Exercise ______（strength） the heart and increases the lungs' ability to take in oxygen.
39. The study shows that there is a close ______（associate） between smog and lung cancer.
40. Greatly ______（inspire）by the stories of those heroes，some students wanted to join the army.
41. It is really ______（surprise）that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto.
42. Heavy Metal Music really ______（ arise） in the late 60s.
43. When ______（ face） with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.
44. The boy's mother kept him ______（stand）outside for half an hour as a punishment.
45.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、B、D
【解析】（1）B．细节理解题。根据文章第一段The most interesting thing about fantasies is that their plots involve magical beasts and heroes ，animal creatures talking like humans ，and other things we can't see in real life. 幻想最有趣的地方在于，它们的情节包括神奇的野兽和英雄，像人类一样说话的动物，以及其他我们在现实生活中看不到的东西。可知，幻想故事的共同特征是他们的事件在虚幻的世界里展开。结合选项，故选B。
（2）B．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Examples include The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame ，Charlote's Web by E ．B．White，and The Tale of Peler Rabbit by Beatrix Poter which influences children around the world. 例如肯尼思•格雷厄姆的《柳树上的风》、E．B．怀特的《夏洛特的网》和贝娅特丽克丝•波特影响了全世界的孩子。可知，贝娅特丽克丝•波特对动物幻想做出了巨大贡献。故选B。
（3）D．推理判断题。根据Modern Folktales 介绍部分These tales come before all others and are popular ，as authors throughout history have witted them.Hans Christian Andersen has witted several tales of this category including The Nighingale ，The Emperor's New Clothes and Thumbelina. 这些故事比其他故事来得早，并且很受欢迎，因为历史上的作者们一直在对它们进行思考。安徒生这类故事包括《黑鬼》《皇帝的新衣》和《拇指姑娘》。可知，现代民间故事历史最长。结合选项，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种类型的幻想故事。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段When the sun comes up over the castle of Rocca Calascio，a small mountain village high up in the Italian Apennines，it's like a silent，magic wonderland.One such sunrise struck Franco Cagnoli with a spiritual calling that led him to go on a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.（当太阳从意大利亚平宁山脉高处的小山村罗卡•卡拉西奥城堡上空升起时，这里就像一个寂静而神奇的仙境。一次这样的日出给了弗兰科•卡格诺利一种精神上的召唤，促使他去执行一项对村庄和他自己都产生了深刻影响的使命。）和倒数第二段Franco Cagnoli的话""I arrived here as the morning sun lit up the castle.I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed，" he said. "I thought it was the most beautiful place.I felt special energies，deciding to help its rebirth."（"我到达这里时，早晨的阳光照亮了城堡。从那天起，我的内心发生了变化。"他说，"我认为这是最美丽的地方。我感受到了特殊的能量，决定帮助它重生。"）可知，第一段中的a mission that affected both the village and him deeply.（这个使命深深地影响了村子和他自己。）指帮助复兴罗卡卡拉西奥。因此太阳从罗卡卡拉西奥的城堡升起的壮观一幕激励他去帮助复兴该村庄。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Depopulation of rural or mountain villages in Italy began with the resettlement of villagers in the early 20th century，accelerating after World War Two when people were attracted to urban jobs.（20世纪初，随着村民的重新安置，意大利农村或山村的人口减少开始了。二战后，人们被吸引到城市工作，这一现象加速。）可知，20世纪，早期意大利的乡村和山村人口剧减，第二次世界大战后，许多人离开了农村地区前往城市，人口减少加剧。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段It was built as a tower in a line of connected structures to control and protect the land that stretched inland from the Adriatic Sea.（它是作为一排连接的建筑中的一座塔，用来控制和保护从亚得里亚海延伸到内陆的土地。）可知，这座城堡是一排相连的建筑中的一个塔，其目的是控制和保护从亚得里亚海延伸到内陆的土地。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段"Besides temporary visitors，the complete revival has much to do with permanent residents.People of the previous generation didn't appreciate the land they lived on，" Valeria Befani，a resident in the village，said. "Today's teenagers，like my children，are proud of their land and are happy if they can stay here."（"除了临时游客，完全的复兴与永久居民有很大关系。上一代人并不珍惜他们赖以生存的土地，"村里的居民瓦莱丽娅•贝法尼说。"今天的青少年和我的孩子一样，为自己的土地感到骄傲，如果能留在这里，他们也很高兴。"）可知，贝法尼认为，罗卡卡拉西奥的彻底复兴与长期居住的居民有很大联系，如今的青少年为罗卡卡拉西奥感到骄傲，如果他们能留在这里，他们会很高兴。由此可知，罗卡卡拉西奥有了真正热爱它的居民，它的未来充满希望。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Franco Cagnoli看到太阳从罗卡卡拉西奥的城堡升起时深受震撼，于是决定并着手帮助复兴这个意大利小山村。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~12.【答案】C、G、F、D、B
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据空前的However，if you've ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom，you've probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning（然而，如果你曾经乘坐国际航班离开美国前往另一个英语国家，如英国，你可能会注意到，具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同）可知，设空处应举例说明具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同。C项"'飞机'这个词就是一个例子"符合语境。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据上句Let's look at the root of the phenomenon. （让我们来看看现象的根源）可知，本段主要讲的是airplane和aeroplane 拼写方式不同的原因。结合空后的British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French，but American English，when it has deviated（背离）from what British English does，often changes into the direction of seeming less French，（英式英语一般倾向于喜欢那些让人想起法语的拼写和单词，但美式英语一旦偏离了英式英语的特点，往往会朝着看起来不那么法式的方向转变）可知，空处内容应涉及英式英语与美式英语和其他语言之间的关系。G项"英语中有很多单词是从其他语言借来的，比如拉丁语、希腊语和法语"符合语境。故选G。
（3）主旨大意题。空处为本段主题句。根据空后"Aeroplane "is no exception. "We're comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms，but as planes became more common things to talk about，the 'aero' seemed too fancy， "explains Murphy.（"飞机"也不例外。墨菲解释说："在科学术语中，aero这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aero这个词似乎太花哨了"）以及Ten years later， 'airplane' was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.（十年后，"飞机"被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语）可知，本段主要介绍了aeroplane与airplane在拼写上的差异和科学上的联系。F项"有很多历史超越了文字，深入到政治、政府和科学"概括本段内容，符合语境。故选F。
（4）推理判断题。根据空前"Aeroplane "is no exception. "We're comfortable with 'aero' in scientific terms，but as planes became more common things to talk about，the 'aero' seemed too fancy， "explains Murphy.（"飞机"也不例外。墨菲解释说："在科学术语中，aero这个词让我们感到舒服，但随着飞机成为更常见的话题，aero这个词似乎太花哨了"）以及空后Ten years later， 'airplane' was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term.（十年后， "飞机"被国家航空咨询委员会采用作为他们的术语）可知空处应涉及airplane这种拼写方式在美国得到认可。D项"Airplane这个词比aeroplane好得多"符合语境。故选D。
（5）联系上文题。根据空前的There's a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently，and why that will continue to happen （意思相同的单词拼写不同，而且这种情况会继续发生，这是有原因的）可知，设空处应是在介绍表示同一含义的单词的英式拼写和美式拼写不同这种现象持续发生的原因。B项"你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里"说明原因是你的拼写会告诉别人你来自哪里，符合语境。故选B。
本文是说明文。本文以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上的差异为例介绍了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
13~27.【答案】C、A、C、D、D、A、C、B、D、C、A、D、B、D、B
【解析】（1）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.allowed允许；B.reported报道；C.required需要；D.reminded提醒。句意：在Wethersfield,所有六年级学生都必须参加R.O.PE.项目。由上文的"In Wethersfield,all sixth-graders'可知，Wethersfied的传统是，所有六年级学生都被要求参加R.O.P.E.项目，be required to do sth.（被要求做某事）。故选C项。
（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.idea想法，思想；B.result结果；C.question问题；D.road路。句意：它的主要思想是相信你的同龄人，一起工作，体验新的冒险。由下文的to believe your peers （同龄人），work together,and（3）new adventures可知，相信你的同龄人，一起工作，体验新的冒险，是R.O.PE.项目的目的或思想。故选A项。
（3）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.witness目击；B.introduce介绍；C.experience体验；D.describe描述。句意：它的主要思想是相信你的同龄人，一起工作，体验新的冒险。由下文的"new adventures"和下文作者的攀登体验可知，此处指R.O.PE.项目让六年级学生体验新的冒险。故选C项。
（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.begging折求；B.thinking思考；C.promising承诺；D.trusting信任。句意：这些计划包括向后倒下并相信同龄人会抓住你，共同努力融入一个小圈子等等。由上文的to believe your peers （同龄人）可知，R.O.P.E.项目的目的是相信你的同龄人，所以向后倒下时，你应该相信你的同龄人会抓住你。故选D项。
（5）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.lectures演讲；B.discussions讨论；C.stories故事；D.activities活动。句意：我准备参加这些活动。由下文的Falling backward and fitting into a small circle were nothing to me.Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring可知，作者六年级了，要准备参加R.0.PE.项目的各种活动了，如向后倒下、共同努力融入一个小圈子和用一根绳子过小溪等。故选D项。
（6）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.handle应付；B.discover 发现；C.change改变；D.need需要。句意：越过小溪时，除了一根绳子，没什么能支撑我，这很大胆，但我能应付。由上文的"Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring,but"可知，but表转折，尽管只有一根绳子过小溪，但作者觉得自己能应对这种情况。故选A项。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.naughty淘气的；B.noisy吵闹的；C.scared害怕的；D.annoyed恼怒的。句意：那些太害怕的人被允许在一小块岩石上练习攀爬和绕绳下滑，但这对我来说不合适。由下文的were allowed to practice climbing and rappelling a smaller area of rocks.but that wasn't for me.I could climb the big mountain可知，相较于胆大的作者敢爬大山而言，只能在一小块岩石上练习攀爬和绕绳下滑的学生很胆小、害怕。故选C项。
（8）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.friend朋友；B.turn（依次轮到的）机会；C.teacher教师；D.day日子。句意：二十分钟后，轮到我了。由本处语境和下文的"I set off at once"可知，作者开始爬了，说明轮到作者攀登了。故选B项。
（9）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.relaxed放松的；B.balanced均衡的；C.organized有条理的；D.prepared准备好。句意：由于我准备充分，我立刻出发了。由上文的"I could climb the big mountain."可知，作者认为自己可以爬大山，信心满满，应该是准备出发的。故选D项。
（10）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.quicker更快的；B.warmer更温暖的；C.farther更远的；D.longer更长的。句意：我走了四分之一的路，但似乎无法走得更远了。由下文的"I began to put myself down and cry"可知，与上文作者信心满满认为自己能爬大山相对，作者攀爬受挫，山不是那么好攀爬的，因为似乎无法攀爬得更远，所以沮丧地哭了起来。故选C项。
（11）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassing令人尴尬的；B.amazing令人大为惊奇的；C.exciting令人兴奋的；D.disappointing令人失望的。句意：没有什么比我的同学看着我更尴尬的了。由上文的"I began to put myself down and cry."和下文的"my classmates were looking at me"可知，作者攀爬受挫，开始哭泣，被同学看到，自觉非常尴尬。故选A项。
（12）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.shouting大叫；B.remembering记得；C.learning学习；D.hearing听见。句意：我一直听到的是"丽莎，你能行。试着把你的脚放进去。快点，丽莎，你就快到了。"由下文的"Lisa,you can do it.Try to fit your foot in there."可知，"丽莎，你能行。试着把你的脚放进去。"是作者听到的内容。故选D项。
（13）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.Watch out小心；B.Come on加油；C.Hurry up赶快；D.Walk along沿着……走。句意：我一直听到的是"丽莎，你能行。试着把你的脚放进去。快点，丽莎，你就快到了。"由下文的"Lisa you're almost there"可知，这是对方鼓励作者的话语，Come on符合语境。故选B项。
（14）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.entirely完全；B.carefully认真地；C.dangerously危险地；D.immediately立刻。句意：我几乎立刻继续攀爬上山。由上文的"Lisa you're almost there"可知，听到对方鼓励自己快要到山顶的话，作者立马重拾信心，攀爬上山。故选D项。
（15）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.reached到达（及物动词）；B.got到达（不及物动词）；C.arrived到达（不及物动词，常可与介词at和in连用）；D.took拿走。句意：不到五分钟，我就成功地登上了顶峰。由上文的"successfully"可知，作者成功登顶，get to+地点，意为"到达"。故选B项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者六年级参加R.0.PE.项目时，本以为自己能爬到山顶，结果在半途坚持不下去了，最终却在同伴的鼓励下成功地登上了顶峰的故事。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
28.【答案】entertainment
【解析】分析句子可知此处要填名词作宾语，entertainment是抽象名词"娱乐"不可数。
故填：entertainment。
山村里的孩子们课后没有娱乐活动。
单词填空在解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂意思的基础上，结合句子提供的特定的语言环境去分析。要解决好语法问题，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，掌握词性的用法和词汇的固定结构，从而答对题目。
29.【答案】appealing
【解析】appeal"吸引"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词appealing"吸引人的"作表语。
故填：appealing。
从这个意义上说，没有什么比与家人共度时光和享受各种娱乐活动更吸引人了。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
30.【答案】reliable
【解析】句意：火车是长途旅行中可靠，廉价和最合适的旅行方式。分析句子结构可知，空格处和后面的cheap，best是并列结构，所以此处要用形容词，作系动词are的表语；reliable形容词，意为“可靠的”符合句意。故填reliable。
31.【答案】slightly
【解析】slight"轻微的"是形容词，分析句子可知，横线处用副词slightly"轻微地"作状语修饰形容词expensive。
故填：slightly。
这些衣服可能稍微贵一点，但耐用得多。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
32.【答案】employer
【解析】employ"雇佣"是动词，分析句子可知横线处用名词作主语，表示"雇主"用employer，根据her可知横线处用可数名词单数。
故填：employer。
雇主决定雇用汤姆为她的秘书。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
33.【答案】consumption
【解析】consume"消费"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词作介词of的宾语，consumption"消费"是抽象名词，不可数。
故填：consumption。
大约90%的大米消费来自亚洲，但非洲和拉丁美洲的需求正在上升。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
34.【答案】frustrated
【解析】frustrate"使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词作表语，frustrated"沮丧的"。
故填：frustrated。
尽管他做了长期的努力，但他们对缺乏进展感到沮丧。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
35.【答案】defend
【解析】defence"保卫"，根据后面的Jingzhou可知，此处应填动词，结合前面的不定式符号to可知，填动词原形，defence的动词形式是defend。
故填：defend。
他害怕受到刘备和孙权的攻击，于是派兵保卫荆州。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
36.【答案】suspected
【解析】suspect"疑有"，分析可知此处在句中作定语修饰the man，the man和suspect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。
故填：suspected。
涉嫌从商店偷珠宝的男子，昨晚失踪了。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
37.【答案】depressed
【解析】depress"使沮丧；使抑郁"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词depressed"抑郁的；沮丧的"作表语。
故填：depressed。
她对未来感到非常沮丧，这让我们很担心。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
38.【答案】strengthens
【解析】strength"加强，增强"，分析句子可知，此处在句中和increases并列作谓语，根据increases可知用一般现在时，主语Exercise是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
故填：strengthens。
锻炼可以增强心脏，增加肺部吸收氧气的能力。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
39.【答案】association
【解析】答案：association.根据句意：研究表明，烟雾与肺癌之间有着密切的联系。以及提示单词空格处缺少"联系"，需要名词作表语，其英语是association。故填association。
研究表明，烟雾与肺癌之间有着密切的联系。
本题不仅仅是考查单词拼写，基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】inspire"鼓舞，启发"，分析可知，Greatly _____（inspire）by the stories of those heroes在句中作状语，主语some students与inspire之间是被动关系，此处应填过去分词表被动。
故填：inspired。
受到这些英雄故事的极大启发，一些学生想参军。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
41.【答案】surprising
【解析】surprise"惊讶"是名词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词作表语，主语that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto是一个句子，表示一件事，所以用-ing形容词。
故填：surprising。
多伦多有这么多中国餐馆，真是令人惊讶。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
42.【答案】arose
【解析】arise"兴起"，这里作谓语，本句时间状语是" the late 60s"，应使用过去式。
故填：arose。
重金属音乐真正兴起于60年代末。
本题考查单词填空。首先根据句子结构和词与词之间的搭配关系判断应用所给词的何种词性进行填空，然后写出单词的适当形式。
43.【答案】faced
【解析】所给的动词face与其逻辑主语we是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式faced。
故填：faced。
当遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
本题考查单词填空。首先根据句子结构和词与词之间的搭配关系判断应用所给词的何种词性进行填空，然后用单词的适当形式填空。
44.【答案】standing
【解析】stand"站立"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处所在结构为"keep +宾语+宾补"，him与stand之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。keep sb.doing sth."让某人一直做某事"是固定用法。
故填：standing。
作为惩罚，男孩的母亲让他在外面站了半小时。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
45.【答案】The person I admire most is Yuan Longping，who was strong-minded and continued setting higher goals instead of stopping trying，which leaves me a deep impression.【高分句型】（最敬佩的人）
【解析】高分句型：The person I admire most is Yuan Longping，who was strong-minded and continued setting higher goals instead of stopping trying，which leaves me a deep impression.
翻译：我最欣赏的人是袁隆平，他意志坚定，不断设定更高的目标，而不是停止尝试，这给我留下了深刻的印象。
分析：本句使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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