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2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版），共18页。试卷主要包含了0分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市高二（上）期末英语试卷
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
总分
得分
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，共30.0分）
A
Best Places to Visit in the UK
United Kingdom has long been a popular European tourist place because of its beautiful countryside，historic cities，top museums and outstanding theaters.Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK.
Cambridge
Cambridge is a beautiful English city located on the River Cam just north of London.As the home to one of the world's top universities，the University of Cambridge，it has all of the cultural and entertainment choices you might expect from a college town.
Chester
Located on the River Dee in Cheshire，England，Chester is more than 2，000 years old，which means there is plenty of history，culture and architecture lasting several centuries.The ancient walls around the city are one of Chester's biggest tourist attractions.
Stonehenge
One of the most famous sites in the world，Stonehenge consists of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stone in southwest England.It is also home to some of the most important Neolithic and Bronze Age finds and structures in the UK.It was not until 1600 BC that Stonehenge came to be completed.
Lake District
Located in northwest England，the Lake District is the second largest National Park in the UK.The main attractions are the lakes，mountains and hills.It is England's famous destination for hiking and climbing.
1. What will you do in Cambridge？ ______
A. Do various shopping. B. Meet famous people.
C. Enjoy wonderful music. D. Visit the top university.
2. Which destination will you choose if you want to go hiking？ ______
A. Cambridge. B. Chester. C. Stonehenge. D. Lake District.
3. What is the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To compare four tourist attractions in the UK.
B. To list some of the best holiday activities in the UK.
C. To encourage people to have a holiday in the UK .
D. To recommend some tourist attractions in the UK.
B
Born in New York in 1918，scientist Gertrude B.Elion had an impressive career，during which she developed medicines to cure many major diseases.Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan.She attended senior high school and had，in her words，an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.
Influenced by the death of her grandfather，who died of cancer，Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19.She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists.She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University.Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master's degree.
The start of World War II created more opportunities for women.At the age of 26，Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Welcome，where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr.George H.Hitchings.Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr.Hitchings，and he permitted her to take on more responsibility.
Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells.Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods，they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens（病原体）to design medicines.In all，Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees.
In 1988，Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine，together with George H.Hitchings and Sir James Black.She received other awards for her work，including the National Medal of Science in 1991，and that same year，she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.In 1997，she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.
4. What can we say about Elion as a high school student？ ______
A. She had a satisfying part-time job.
B. She had a gift for chemistry at high school.
C. She made great achievements in chemistry.
D. She had a strong desire for learning.
5. Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college？ ______
A. To meet her grandfather's wish.
B. To find a good job after graduation.
C. To be a chemistry teacher in the future.
D. To create medicines to cure diseases.
6. When did Elion started working for Burroughs Welcome？ ______
A. In 1937. B. In 1933. C. In 1984. D. In 1944.
7. What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Her later life. B. Her contributions.
C. Her interest in chemistry. D. Her honors.
C
The Earth is facing a climate crisis，but it's also getting greener.According to a new research，the rise is largely because of China and India.A study by NASA，based on extensive satellite imagery，has revealed that the two countries with the world's biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants.
A third of the leaf increase is attributable to China and India，due to the implementation of major tree planting projects as well as a vast increase in agriculture. "China and India account for one-third of the greening，but contain only 9% of the planet's land area covered in vegetation---a surprising finding，considering the large populations in the countries need much land， " Chi Chen，the study's lead author said in a statement.
Between 2000 and 2017，a NASA sensor gathered data of the Earth's surface from aboard two satellites，the Terra and the Aqua.Using the data，researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area，despite possessing only 6.6% of the world's vegetated area.Forests account for 42% of that increase，while croplands make up a further 32%.China's increase in forest area is the result of forest conservation and expansion programs，established to combat the impacts of climate change and air pollution.
Rama Nemani，a researcher at NASA's Ames Research Center，said in a statement， "When the greening of the Earth was first observed，we thought was due to a warmer，wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere，leading to more leaf growth in northern forests，for instance.Now，with the data，we see that humans are also contributing， " Nemani said. "This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems，which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action. "
8. What can we get from the new research by NASA？ ______
A. China and India should be responsible for the world's climate crisis.
B. China and India have the biggest populations and the most green plaints.
C. The Earth no longer faces a climate crisis because of China and India's efforts.
D. China and India make a contribution to the Earth's increasing greening.
9. What does the underlined word "it" refer to in the last paragraph？ ______
A. The increased croplands. B. The protection of the forests.
C. The impacts of climate. D. The greening of the Earth.
10. What is the best title of the passage？ ______
A. The Earth is Facing a Climate Crisis.
B. China and India Cause the Climate Change.
C. NASA Released a Report on Air Pollution.
D. China and India are Making the Earth Greener.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
It is a war without guns，bombs，or smoke.A new coronavirus，a deadly disease，breaks out all over the world.What should you do to keep yourself from this virus？ (1) .
Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub
It is quite necessary to clean your hands with soap and water completely for at least 20 seconds be- fore you have meals and after using the toilet，especially after you return home (2) ，you'd better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub.Viruses can spread from human contact with animals，so this is very important.
Cover nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing
When it comes to human to human transmission （传播）of the viruses，it often happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions （分泌物），such as droplets（飞沫）in a cough. (3) ，you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue.Or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve.Avoid covering with your hand directly.
(4) .
Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected.Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin.If you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever，a mask is needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.
Take exercise regularly
(5) .It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body.Besides，it can also improve you immune system，to some degree making it helpful to get away from the viruses and illnesses.
All in all，if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection，you must seek immediate medical attention.
A.Wear masks
B.See a doctor
C.When you cough or sneeze
D.If you want to take exercise，you should get up early
E.Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life
F.If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes
G.Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus
11. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
To celebrate the end of our exams，my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant.We (16) hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter.When our (17) came，I started walking towards an empty table.By bad luck，my purse strap（带子） got (18) on a chair and the tray（托盘） that I was holding slipped (19) my hands and went flying in the air.The tray，and its contents， (20) on a man who was just about to (21) a bite of his sandwich.I stared，greatly (22)， as the drinks soaked（浸湿） his white shirt.
Then I (23) my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of (24) .Instead，he said "It's OK" to (25) me before he disappeared into the washroom.
Still shaky and unsure (26) to do next，my friends and I went to a table and sat there，trying our best to look (27) .A moment later，the man came out of the washroom and (28) our table.My heart almost stopped (29) .I thought he was going to ask for my father' s (30) and call him.
To my surprise，he merely smiled at us，handed us some cash and said， " (31) yourself new hamburgers." He then walked (32) without even finishing his food.
He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse， (33) he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still (34) in this world.I'll never (35) his actions.
16. A. made B. arranged C. demanded D. ordered
17. A. turn B. bill C. menu D. food
18. A. fixed B. cut C. tied D. caught
19. A. by B. in C. out D. from
20. A. knocked B. stood C. hung D. fell
21. A. taste B. swallow C. chew D. take
22. A. discouraged B. disappointed C. annoyed D. shocked
23. A. rolled B. rubbed C. narrowed D. closed
24. A. bitterness B. anxiety C. sorrow D. anger
25. A. satisfy B. encourage C. praise D. comfort
26. A. how B. who C. which D. what
27. A. mild B. honest C. modest D. calm
28. A. pushed B. drew C. laid D. approached
29. A. breaking B. sinking C. trembling D. beating
30. A. help B. position C. job D. number
31. A. Prepare B. Find C. Cook D. Buy
32. A. on B. around C. up D. away
33. A. so B. since C. although D. but
34. A. happiness B. politeness C. brightness D. kindness
35. A. refuse B. oppose C. ignore D. forget
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (1) （ be） late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop， (2) some of them looked very anxious and (3) （ disappoint）.When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next (4) the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike (5) （ catch ） my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (6) （ stop） until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept (7) （ ride）.He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked， "Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？" A woman on the bus shouted， "Oh，dear!It's (8) （ I）."She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully，Everyone on the bus began talking about (9) the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers (10) （ sudden） became friendly to one another.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
37. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Some international students visit our school last week.To help them better understanding our tea- drinking culture，I took them to the tea room in our school and introduced history of tea-making and tea culture to them.All the international student were quite interested in my introduction.Then I showed them what to make tea.I sat at a table，slowly explain every step of the process while making tea.All of them were very amazed that they couldn't wait to have a try ourselves.Soon the atmosphere in the tea room be- came well and we had a lot of fun practising making tea.In the end，we took a group photo to memorize the moment we won't forget it.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 假定你是李华，你的朋友Jerry和你约好寒假到上海游玩，但你因故不能陪同。请你根据以下要点用英语给他写一封邮件道歉，内容包括：
（1）表示歉意：
（2）说明无法陪同的情况；
（3）另约时间。
注意：（1）词数100词左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段As the home to one of the world's top universities，the University of Cambridge（作为世界顶尖大学之一，剑桥大学，所在地。）可知，在剑桥游客们可以参观世界顶尖大学剑桥大学。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据最后一段It is England's famous destination for hiking and climbing.（它是英国最著名的徒步和登山圣地。）可知，喜欢徒步旅行的人可以去Lake Distric。故选D。
（3）写作目的题。根据第一段Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK.（下面是一些在英国可以参观的最棒的地方。）可知，这篇文章的写作目的是向读者介绍一些英国最佳的旅游胜地。故选D。
本文是应用文。主要向读者介绍四个英国最佳的旅游胜地。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、D、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句She attended senior high school and had，in her words，an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.（她上了高中，用她的话说，她对知识有着难以置信的渴望。）可知，作为一名高中生，我们能说：Elion有着强烈的求知欲。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Influenced by the death of her grandfather，who died of cancer，Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19.（受祖父死于癌症的影响，埃利昂15岁进入亨特学院，19岁毕业于化学专业。结合后文她与George H.Hitchings 一起研究患病细胞的化学成分来制造药物的课程，之后获诺贝尔奖。）可知，Elion 选择在大学里学习化学的原因是：要创造药物去治疗疾病。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Born in New York in 1918，scientist Gertrude B.Elion had an impressive career.（1918年出生于纽约的科学家格特鲁德•B•埃利昂有着令人印象深刻的职业生涯。）及第三段第二句At the age of 26，Elion was able to get a job at Buroughs Welcome，where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr.George H.Hitchings.（26岁时，埃利恩在布鲁斯欢迎中心找到了一份工作，并与乔治•H•希钦斯博士建立了40年的合作关系。）可知，Elion 在1944年开始为Buroughs Welcome工作的。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段In 1988，Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine，together with George H.Hitchings and Sir James Black.She received other awards for her work，including the National Medal of Science in 1991，and that same year，she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.In 1997，she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.（1988年，埃利昂与乔治•H•希钦斯和詹姆斯•布莱克爵士一起获得诺贝尔医学奖。她因其工作获得了其他奖项，包括1991年的国家科学奖章，同年，她成为第一位进入国家发明家名人堂的女性。1997年，她被授予麻省理工学院莱默森终身成就奖。）可知，在最后一段中作者主要告诉我们关于Elion的荣誉。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了Gertrude B.Elion 的求学及令人印象深刻地职业生涯，并且介绍了她最终取得的成就。
考查记叙文。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
8~10.【答案】D、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A study by NASA ，based on extensive satellite imagery ，has revealed that the two countries with the world's biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants. （NASA根据广泛的卫星图象进行的一项研究表明，这两个人口最多的国家也是绿色植物数量增长最大的原因。）可知，中国和印度为地球日益绿化做出了贡献，故选D。
（2）代词指代题。根据最后一段When the greening of the Earth was first observed ，we thought was due to a warmer ，wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ，leading to more leaf growth in northern forests ，for instance. （当我们第一次观察到地球的绿化时，我们认为这是由于大气中二氧化碳增加而导致的气候变暖和潮湿，例如，导致北部森林的叶子生长更多。）故it指的是地球的绿化。A.The increased croplands增加的耕地；B.The protection of the forests森林的保护；C.The impacts of climate气候的影响；D.The greening of the Earth地球的绿化。故选D。
（3）标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，地球正面临着气候危机，但它也越来越绿了。根据一项新的研究，增长主要是由于中国和印度。NASA根据广泛的卫星图象进行的一项研究表明，这两个人口最多的国家也是绿色植物数量增长最大的原因。因此D.China and India are Making the Earth Greener.（中国和印度正在让地球变得更加绿色。）是本文的最佳标题，故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了地球正面临一场气候危机，中国和印度积极承担绿化责任，增加全球绿化面积，鼓励更多国家采取行动保护地球。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
11~15.【答案】E、F、C、A、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句What should you do to keep yourself from this virus（你应该怎么做才能让自己远离这种病毒），以及后文给出的建议，可知表示"下面是一些你可以在日常生活中遵循的建议"的选项E符合前后的语境，What should you do是关键词，故选E。
（2）推理判断题。根据后句Viruses can spread from human contact with animals，so this is very important（病毒可以通过人类与动物接触传播，因此这非常重要），可知表示" 如果你不小心接触到动物或处理动物的垃圾"的选项F符合前后的语境，contact with animals是关键词，故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据后文you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue.Or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve（你应该用纸巾捂住口鼻。或者你可以用袖子捂着咳嗽或打喷嚏），可知表示"咳嗽或打喷嚏时"的选项C符合前后的语境，cough or sneeze是关键词，故选C。
（4）主题判断题。根据后句Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected（戴口罩是保护你免受感染的最有效方法之一），可知表示"佩戴口罩"的选项A符合本段的主题，Wearing a mask是关键词，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据主题句Take exercise regularly（定期锻炼），可知表示"定期锻炼是远离病毒的最重要方法之一"的选项G符合前后的语境，Take exercise regularly是关键词，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一些让自己远离新冠病毒的方法。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
16~35.【答案】D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.made制造；B.arranged安排；C.demanded要求；D.ordered命令，点餐。句意：我们在柜台处点了汉堡和可乐。根据"To celebrate the end of our exams，my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant."可知，为了庆祝考试的结束，作者和朋友们去快餐店吃饭，因此是在柜台处点餐。故选D。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.turn转向；B.bill账单；C.menu菜单；D.food食物。句意：当我们的食物出来时，我朝空桌子走去。由首句铺垫的背景知道是点餐吃饭的话题，再根据上一句点餐之后，自然是指作者和朋友们所点的食物来了。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.fixed固定，修理；B.cut切，割；C.tied系，捆；D.caught卡住，挂住。句意：不幸的是，我的手提包的带子被椅子挂住，手里的托盘滑出去，飞到空中。注意此动作前方的名词为strap，后面跟着的是on a chair"在椅子上"，所以本句句意应该为"钱包上的带子被卡在了椅子上"，故选D。
（4）考查介词及语境理解。A.by通过；B.in在里面；C.out在外；D.from从。句意：不幸的是，我的手提包的带子被椅子挂住，手里的托盘滑出去，飞到空中。下一句中说"in the air"，说明此时盘子已经"脱手"了，"from my hand"表示托盘从作者手中飞了出去，方向性介词"从"，要用from。故选D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.knocked敲；B.stood站；C.hung悬挂；D.fell掉下。句意：托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位客人身上。根据"went flying in the air."可知，托盘从手中滑落，盘子的东西洒在了一位客人身上。fell on：掉在。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.taste品尝；B.swallow吞咽；C.chew咀嚼；D.take拿。句意：托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位正准备吃三明治的客人身上。结合句意，此处考查固定短语take a bite"咬一口，吃"。故选D。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.discouraged泄气的；B.disappointed失望的；C.annoyed恼火的；D.shocked震惊的。句意：看到饮料浸湿了他的白色的衬衫，我感到非常震惊。根据"as the drinks soaked （浸湿） his white shirt."可知作者将食物泼洒在客人身上后感到很是震惊。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.rolled转动；B.rubbed摩擦；C.narrowed使变窄；D.closed闭上。句意：然后，我闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位客人的怒火。根据"and prepared myself for his burst of "可知作者准备承受那位客人的怒火。因此很害怕，就闭上眼睛。故选D。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.bitterness痛苦；B.anxiety焦虑；C.sorrow悲痛；D.anger生气。句意：然后，我闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位客人的怒火。根据常识和"Then I my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of"可知，作者闭上了眼睛准备承受那位客人的怒火。故选D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.satisfy使满意；B.encourage鼓励；C.praise表扬；D.comfort安慰。句意：他安慰我："没关系的"，然后去洗手间。结合主干"Instead，he said "It's OK"，"说明是为了安慰作者，故选D。
（11）考查特殊疑问词及语境理解。A.how怎样；B.who谁；C.which哪一个；D.what什么。句意：我仍旧颤抖，不能确定做什么，只能走到餐桌前坐下，尽力显得平静。此处指作者不知道接下来做什么，所以用what。故选D。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.mild温和的；B.honest诚实的；C.modest谦逊的；D.calm平静的。句意：我仍旧颤抖，不能确定做什么，我们只能走到餐桌前坐下，尽力显得平静。根据"trying our best to look"可知作者和朋友们尽力镇定下来。故选D。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.pushed推；B.drew画；C.laid放，搁；D.approached接近。句意：片刻以后，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝我们的桌子走来，我的心几乎停止跳动。根据"my heart almost stopped"可知，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝作者和朋友的桌子走来。故选D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.breaking打破；B.sinking下沉；C.trembling颤抖；D.beating跳动，击打。句意：片刻以后，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝我们的桌子走来，我的心几乎停止跳动。表达：心脏有规律地跳动，只能用beat。故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.help帮助；B.position位置；C.job工作；D.number号码，数字。句意：我原以为他过来要我父亲的电话号码，给他打电话。根据"call him."可知，要打电话，必须要电话号码。故选D。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.Prepare准备；B.Find找到；C.Cook做饭；D.Buy买。句意：令我惊讶的是，他微笑着递给我一些现金，说："你买一个新的汉堡吧"。根据"handed us some cash"可知，他让作者用这些钱去买一个新的汉堡。故选D。
（17）考查副词及语境理解。A.on继续；B.around周围；C.up向上；D.away离开。句意：他甚至没有吃完食物就离开了。根据"without even finishing his food."可知，没有吃完他点的餐，他就离开了。walk away 表示离开。故选D。
（18）考查连接词及语境理解。A.so因此；B.since因为，既然；C.although尽管；D.but但是。句意：他本可能让不愉快的处境更加恶化，但是他选择了不同的方式，让我们有理由相信在这个世界上，仍然有友好。空格前有uncomfortable，而后面却说了different way，故前后句子是转折关系用but，故选D。
（19）考查名词及语境理解。A.happiness幸福；B.politeness礼貌；C.brightness明亮；D.kindness友好。句意：他本可能让不愉快的处境更加恶化，但是他选择了不同的方式，让我们有理由相信在这个世界上，仍然有友好。故选D。
（20）考查动词及语境理解。A.refuse拒绝；B.oppose反对；C.ignore忽略；D.forget忘记。句意：永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。结合本文是一篇回忆性的小文章，故最后表达的是永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友在快餐店就餐时发生了一件意外的事，但事情的结果却使他感触颇深。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】being
【小题2】and
【小题3】disappointed
【小题4】to
【小题5】caught
【小题6】to stop
【小题7】riding
【小题8】me
【小题9】what
【小题10】suddenly
【解析】（1）考查动名词。句意：一天早上，我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到。分析可知，此处应用动名词作介词about的宾语，故填being。
（2）考查连词。句意：有许多人在公共汽车站等着，其中一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。分析可知，此处应用连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，前后文之间为递进关系，应用连词and，故填and。
（3）考查形容词。句意：有许多人在公共汽车站等着，其中一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。分析可知，此处应用形容词与and前anxious并列作looked的表语，且此处修饰主语some of them，应用-ed结尾的形容词disappointed表示"失望的"，故填disappointed。
（4）考查介词。句意：我在窗户旁边找了一个地方，所以我能很好地看到人行道。next to表示"紧邻；在…近旁"，为固定搭配，故填to。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。结合上下文可知，文章是在讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填caught。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：我听到一名乘客在我身后向司机喊叫，但他拒绝停车，直到我们到达下一站。根据句意表示"拒绝做某事"应用refuse to do sth，故此处应用动词不定式作宾语，故填to stop。
（7）考查动名词。句意：尽管如此，男孩还是继续骑着。根据句意表示"继续做某事"应用keep doing sth，故此处应用动名词作宾语，故填riding。
（8）考查代词。句意：公交车上的一名女子喊道，"奥，天啊！是我。"分析可知，此处作is的表语，应用宾格形式me，故填me。
（9）考查宾语从句连接词。句意：公共汽车上的每个人都开始谈论这个男孩所做的事，一群陌生人突然变得友好起来。分析可知，此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，意为"......的事情"，故应用连接代词what，故填what。
（10）考查副词。句意：公共汽车上的每个人都开始谈论这个男孩所做的事，一群陌生人突然变得友好起来。分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰后文became，故填suddenly。
本文为一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一个骑自行车的男孩捡到一个行李箱，并骑车追公交车归还的事情。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Some international students our school last week.To help them better our tea- drinking culture，I took them to the tea room in our school and introduced∧ history of tea-making and tea culture to them.All the international were quite interested in my introduction.Then I showed them to make tea.I sat at a table，slowly every step of the process while making tea.All of them were amazed that they couldn't wait to have a try .Soon the atmosphere in the tea room became and we had a lot of fun practising making tea.In the end，we took a group photo to memorize the moment we won't forget it.
详解：
1.考查时态。句意：上周，一群留学生参观了我们的学校。根据时间状语last week可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故visit改为visited。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化，我带他们去了我们学校的茶室，向他们介绍了制茶的历史和茶文化。根据help sb（to）do sth"帮助某人做某事"可知，此处应用省略了to的不定式作宾补。故understanding改为understand。
3.考查冠词。句意：为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化，我带他们去了我们学校的茶室，向他们介绍了制茶的历史和茶文化。根据语境可知，此处特指制茶的历史，应用定冠词the表示特指。故history前加the。
4.考查可数名词复数。句意：所有的留学生都对我的介绍很感兴趣。student"学生"为可数名词，根据前面的修饰词all可知，此处应用其复数形式。故student改为students。
5.考查疑问词。句意：我坐在桌子旁边，一边制茶一边慢慢解释制茶的每一个步骤。根据句意此处表示"如何制茶"，故应用how表示如何。故what改为how。
6.考查现在分词。句意：我坐在桌子旁边，一边制茶一边慢慢解释制茶的每一个步骤。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，explain与其逻辑主语I是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语。故explain改为explaining。
7.考查副词。句意：所有人都非常惊讶，他们迫不及待地想自己试一试。分析可知，此处应用副词so修饰形容词amazed，与后面的that构成"so…that…"句型表示"如此……以至于……"。故very改为so。
8.考查反身代词。句意：所有人都非常惊讶，他们迫不及待地想自己试一试。结合语境及主语they可知，此处应用反身代词themselves表示"他们自己"。故ourselves改为themselves。
9.考查形容词。句意：很快，茶室里的气氛变得很好，我们练习泡茶玩得很开心。分析可知，此处应用形容词good"好的"作became的表语，well作形容词时意为"身体健康的"，不符合题意。故well改为good。
10.考查定语从句。句意：最后，我们拍了一张合影，以纪念我们不会忘记的那一刻。分析可知，we won't forget it为省略了that的定语从句，先行词为the moment，在从句中作forget的宾语，it多余。故去掉it。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了上周为了让留学生更好地了解茶文化，作者向留学生介绍中国茶文化的事情。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
38.【答案】Dear Jerry，
I'm terribly sory that I can't go on the scheduled trip to Shanghai with you during the winter holiday.I'm writing to extend my apology for failing to keep our appointment.（表示歉意）
Last semester saw my admission to the school debate team.As we' ll have a provincial debate competition in March，the whole team needs intensive training during the holiday. 【高分句型一】And I' ll work to a tight schedule.Therefore，I can't make the trip. （说明无法陪同的情况）The competition over，we may rearrange our travel and set out then.【高分句型二】（另约时间）
I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：As we' ll have a provincial debate competition in March，the whole team needs intensive training during the holiday.
译文：由于我们将在三月份举行一场省级辩论赛，因此整个团队需要在假期进行密集训练。
分析：这句话使用了as引导的原因状语从句。
高分句型二：The competition over，we may rearrange our travel and set out then.
译文：比赛结束了，我们可以重新安排行程，然后出发。
分析：这句话使用了独立主格结构。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市高二（上）期末英语试卷
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
总分
得分
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，共30.0分）
A
Best Places to Visit in the UK
United Kingdom has long been a popular European tourist place because of its beautiful countryside，historic cities，top museums and outstanding theaters.Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK.
Cambridge
Cambridge is a beautiful English city located on the River Cam just north of London.As the home to one of the world's top universities，the University of Cambridge，it has all of the cultural and entertainment choices you might expect from a college town.
Chester
Located on the River Dee in Cheshire，England，Chester is more than 2，000 years old，which means there is plenty of history，culture and architecture lasting several centuries.The ancient walls around the city are one of Chester's biggest tourist attractions.
Stonehenge
One of the most famous sites in the world，Stonehenge consists of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stone in southwest England.It is also home to some of the most important Neolithic and Bronze Age finds and structures in the UK.It was not until 1600 BC that Stonehenge came to be completed.
Lake District
Located in northwest England，the Lake District is the second largest National Park in the UK.The main attractions are the lakes，mountains and hills.It is England's famous destination for hiking and climbing.
1. What will you do in Cambridge？ ______
A. Do various shopping. B. Meet famous people.
C. Enjoy wonderful music. D. Visit the top university.
2. Which destination will you choose if you want to go hiking？ ______
A. Cambridge. B. Chester. C. Stonehenge. D. Lake District.
3. What is the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To compare four tourist attractions in the UK.
B. To list some of the best holiday activities in the UK.
C. To encourage people to have a holiday in the UK .
D. To recommend some tourist attractions in the UK.
B
Born in New York in 1918，scientist Gertrude B.Elion had an impressive career，during which she developed medicines to cure many major diseases.Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan.She attended senior high school and had，in her words，an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.
Influenced by the death of her grandfather，who died of cancer，Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19.She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists.She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University.Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master's degree.
The start of World War II created more opportunities for women.At the age of 26，Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Welcome，where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr.George H.Hitchings.Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr.Hitchings，and he permitted her to take on more responsibility.
Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells.Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods，they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens（病原体）to design medicines.In all，Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees.
In 1988，Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine，together with George H.Hitchings and Sir James Black.She received other awards for her work，including the National Medal of Science in 1991，and that same year，she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.In 1997，she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.
4. What can we say about Elion as a high school student？ ______
A. She had a satisfying part-time job.
B. She had a gift for chemistry at high school.
C. She made great achievements in chemistry.
D. She had a strong desire for learning.
5. Why did Elion choose to study chemistry at college？ ______
A. To meet her grandfather's wish.
B. To find a good job after graduation.
C. To be a chemistry teacher in the future.
D. To create medicines to cure diseases.
6. When did Elion started working for Burroughs Welcome？ ______
A. In 1937. B. In 1933. C. In 1984. D. In 1944.
7. What does the author mainly tell us about Elion in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Her later life. B. Her contributions.
C. Her interest in chemistry. D. Her honors.
C
The Earth is facing a climate crisis，but it's also getting greener.According to a new research，the rise is largely because of China and India.A study by NASA，based on extensive satellite imagery，has revealed that the two countries with the world's biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants.
A third of the leaf increase is attributable to China and India，due to the implementation of major tree planting projects as well as a vast increase in agriculture. "China and India account for one-third of the greening，but contain only 9% of the planet's land area covered in vegetation---a surprising finding，considering the large populations in the countries need much land， " Chi Chen，the study's lead author said in a statement.
Between 2000 and 2017，a NASA sensor gathered data of the Earth's surface from aboard two satellites，the Terra and the Aqua.Using the data，researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area，despite possessing only 6.6% of the world's vegetated area.Forests account for 42% of that increase，while croplands make up a further 32%.China's increase in forest area is the result of forest conservation and expansion programs，established to combat the impacts of climate change and air pollution.
Rama Nemani，a researcher at NASA's Ames Research Center，said in a statement， "When the greening of the Earth was first observed，we thought was due to a warmer，wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere，leading to more leaf growth in northern forests，for instance.Now，with the data，we see that humans are also contributing， " Nemani said. "This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems，which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action. "
8. What can we get from the new research by NASA？ ______
A. China and India should be responsible for the world's climate crisis.
B. China and India have the biggest populations and the most green plaints.
C. The Earth no longer faces a climate crisis because of China and India's efforts.
D. China and India make a contribution to the Earth's increasing greening.
9. What does the underlined word "it" refer to in the last paragraph？ ______
A. The increased croplands. B. The protection of the forests.
C. The impacts of climate. D. The greening of the Earth.
10. What is the best title of the passage？ ______
A. The Earth is Facing a Climate Crisis.
B. China and India Cause the Climate Change.
C. NASA Released a Report on Air Pollution.
D. China and India are Making the Earth Greener.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
It is a war without guns，bombs，or smoke.A new coronavirus，a deadly disease，breaks out all over the world.What should you do to keep yourself from this virus？ (1) .
Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub
It is quite necessary to clean your hands with soap and water completely for at least 20 seconds be- fore you have meals and after using the toilet，especially after you return home (2) ，you'd better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub.Viruses can spread from human contact with animals，so this is very important.
Cover nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing
When it comes to human to human transmission （传播）of the viruses，it often happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions （分泌物），such as droplets（飞沫）in a cough. (3) ，you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue.Or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve.Avoid covering with your hand directly.
(4) .
Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected.Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin.If you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever，a mask is needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.
Take exercise regularly
(5) .It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body.Besides，it can also improve you immune system，to some degree making it helpful to get away from the viruses and illnesses.
All in all，if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection，you must seek immediate medical attention.
A.Wear masks
B.See a doctor
C.When you cough or sneeze
D.If you want to take exercise，you should get up early
E.Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life
F.If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes
G.Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus
11. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
To celebrate the end of our exams，my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant.We (16) hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter.When our (17) came，I started walking towards an empty table.By bad luck，my purse strap（带子） got (18) on a chair and the tray（托盘） that I was holding slipped (19) my hands and went flying in the air.The tray，and its contents， (20) on a man who was just about to (21) a bite of his sandwich.I stared，greatly (22)， as the drinks soaked（浸湿） his white shirt.
Then I (23) my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of (24) .Instead，he said "It's OK" to (25) me before he disappeared into the washroom.
Still shaky and unsure (26) to do next，my friends and I went to a table and sat there，trying our best to look (27) .A moment later，the man came out of the washroom and (28) our table.My heart almost stopped (29) .I thought he was going to ask for my father' s (30) and call him.
To my surprise，he merely smiled at us，handed us some cash and said， " (31) yourself new hamburgers." He then walked (32) without even finishing his food.
He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse， (33) he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still (34) in this world.I'll never (35) his actions.
16. A. made B. arranged C. demanded D. ordered
17. A. turn B. bill C. menu D. food
18. A. fixed B. cut C. tied D. caught
19. A. by B. in C. out D. from
20. A. knocked B. stood C. hung D. fell
21. A. taste B. swallow C. chew D. take
22. A. discouraged B. disappointed C. annoyed D. shocked
23. A. rolled B. rubbed C. narrowed D. closed
24. A. bitterness B. anxiety C. sorrow D. anger
25. A. satisfy B. encourage C. praise D. comfort
26. A. how B. who C. which D. what
27. A. mild B. honest C. modest D. calm
28. A. pushed B. drew C. laid D. approached
29. A. breaking B. sinking C. trembling D. beating
30. A. help B. position C. job D. number
31. A. Prepare B. Find C. Cook D. Buy
32. A. on B. around C. up D. away
33. A. so B. since C. although D. but
34. A. happiness B. politeness C. brightness D. kindness
35. A. refuse B. oppose C. ignore D. forget
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (1) （ be） late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop， (2) some of them looked very anxious and (3) （ disappoint）.When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next (4) the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike (5) （ catch ） my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (6) （ stop） until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept (7) （ ride）.He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked， "Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？" A woman on the bus shouted， "Oh，dear!It's (8) （ I）."She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully，Everyone on the bus began talking about (9) the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers (10) （ sudden） became friendly to one another.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
37. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Some international students visit our school last week.To help them better understanding our tea- drinking culture，I took them to the tea room in our school and introduced history of tea-making and tea culture to them.All the international student were quite interested in my introduction.Then I showed them what to make tea.I sat at a table，slowly explain every step of the process while making tea.All of them were very amazed that they couldn't wait to have a try ourselves.Soon the atmosphere in the tea room be- came well and we had a lot of fun practising making tea.In the end，we took a group photo to memorize the moment we won't forget it.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
38. 假定你是李华，你的朋友Jerry和你约好寒假到上海游玩，但你因故不能陪同。请你根据以下要点用英语给他写一封邮件道歉，内容包括：
（1）表示歉意：
（2）说明无法陪同的情况；
（3）另约时间。
注意：（1）词数100词左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段As the home to one of the world's top universities，the University of Cambridge（作为世界顶尖大学之一，剑桥大学，所在地。）可知，在剑桥游客们可以参观世界顶尖大学剑桥大学。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据最后一段It is England's famous destination for hiking and climbing.（它是英国最著名的徒步和登山圣地。）可知，喜欢徒步旅行的人可以去Lake Distric。故选D。
（3）写作目的题。根据第一段Here are some of the best places to visit in the UK.（下面是一些在英国可以参观的最棒的地方。）可知，这篇文章的写作目的是向读者介绍一些英国最佳的旅游胜地。故选D。
本文是应用文。主要向读者介绍四个英国最佳的旅游胜地。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、D、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句She attended senior high school and had，in her words，an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.（她上了高中，用她的话说，她对知识有着难以置信的渴望。）可知，作为一名高中生，我们能说：Elion有着强烈的求知欲。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Influenced by the death of her grandfather，who died of cancer，Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19.（受祖父死于癌症的影响，埃利昂15岁进入亨特学院，19岁毕业于化学专业。结合后文她与George H.Hitchings 一起研究患病细胞的化学成分来制造药物的课程，之后获诺贝尔奖。）可知，Elion 选择在大学里学习化学的原因是：要创造药物去治疗疾病。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Born in New York in 1918，scientist Gertrude B.Elion had an impressive career.（1918年出生于纽约的科学家格特鲁德•B•埃利昂有着令人印象深刻的职业生涯。）及第三段第二句At the age of 26，Elion was able to get a job at Buroughs Welcome，where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr.George H.Hitchings.（26岁时，埃利恩在布鲁斯欢迎中心找到了一份工作，并与乔治•H•希钦斯博士建立了40年的合作关系。）可知，Elion 在1944年开始为Buroughs Welcome工作的。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段In 1988，Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine，together with George H.Hitchings and Sir James Black.She received other awards for her work，including the National Medal of Science in 1991，and that same year，she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.In 1997，she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.（1988年，埃利昂与乔治•H•希钦斯和詹姆斯•布莱克爵士一起获得诺贝尔医学奖。她因其工作获得了其他奖项，包括1991年的国家科学奖章，同年，她成为第一位进入国家发明家名人堂的女性。1997年，她被授予麻省理工学院莱默森终身成就奖。）可知，在最后一段中作者主要告诉我们关于Elion的荣誉。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了Gertrude B.Elion 的求学及令人印象深刻地职业生涯，并且介绍了她最终取得的成就。
考查记叙文。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
8~10.【答案】D、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A study by NASA ，based on extensive satellite imagery ，has revealed that the two countries with the world's biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in green plants. （NASA根据广泛的卫星图象进行的一项研究表明，这两个人口最多的国家也是绿色植物数量增长最大的原因。）可知，中国和印度为地球日益绿化做出了贡献，故选D。
（2）代词指代题。根据最后一段When the greening of the Earth was first observed ，we thought was due to a warmer ，wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ，leading to more leaf growth in northern forests ，for instance. （当我们第一次观察到地球的绿化时，我们认为这是由于大气中二氧化碳增加而导致的气候变暖和潮湿，例如，导致北部森林的叶子生长更多。）故it指的是地球的绿化。A.The increased croplands增加的耕地；B.The protection of the forests森林的保护；C.The impacts of climate气候的影响；D.The greening of the Earth地球的绿化。故选D。
（3）标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，地球正面临着气候危机，但它也越来越绿了。根据一项新的研究，增长主要是由于中国和印度。NASA根据广泛的卫星图象进行的一项研究表明，这两个人口最多的国家也是绿色植物数量增长最大的原因。因此D.China and India are Making the Earth Greener.（中国和印度正在让地球变得更加绿色。）是本文的最佳标题，故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了地球正面临一场气候危机，中国和印度积极承担绿化责任，增加全球绿化面积，鼓励更多国家采取行动保护地球。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
11~15.【答案】E、F、C、A、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句What should you do to keep yourself from this virus（你应该怎么做才能让自己远离这种病毒），以及后文给出的建议，可知表示"下面是一些你可以在日常生活中遵循的建议"的选项E符合前后的语境，What should you do是关键词，故选E。
（2）推理判断题。根据后句Viruses can spread from human contact with animals，so this is very important（病毒可以通过人类与动物接触传播，因此这非常重要），可知表示" 如果你不小心接触到动物或处理动物的垃圾"的选项F符合前后的语境，contact with animals是关键词，故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据后文you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue.Or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve（你应该用纸巾捂住口鼻。或者你可以用袖子捂着咳嗽或打喷嚏），可知表示"咳嗽或打喷嚏时"的选项C符合前后的语境，cough or sneeze是关键词，故选C。
（4）主题判断题。根据后句Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected（戴口罩是保护你免受感染的最有效方法之一），可知表示"佩戴口罩"的选项A符合本段的主题，Wearing a mask是关键词，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据主题句Take exercise regularly（定期锻炼），可知表示"定期锻炼是远离病毒的最重要方法之一"的选项G符合前后的语境，Take exercise regularly是关键词，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一些让自己远离新冠病毒的方法。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
16~35.【答案】D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D、D
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.made制造；B.arranged安排；C.demanded要求；D.ordered命令，点餐。句意：我们在柜台处点了汉堡和可乐。根据"To celebrate the end of our exams，my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant."可知，为了庆祝考试的结束，作者和朋友们去快餐店吃饭，因此是在柜台处点餐。故选D。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.turn转向；B.bill账单；C.menu菜单；D.food食物。句意：当我们的食物出来时，我朝空桌子走去。由首句铺垫的背景知道是点餐吃饭的话题，再根据上一句点餐之后，自然是指作者和朋友们所点的食物来了。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.fixed固定，修理；B.cut切，割；C.tied系，捆；D.caught卡住，挂住。句意：不幸的是，我的手提包的带子被椅子挂住，手里的托盘滑出去，飞到空中。注意此动作前方的名词为strap，后面跟着的是on a chair"在椅子上"，所以本句句意应该为"钱包上的带子被卡在了椅子上"，故选D。
（4）考查介词及语境理解。A.by通过；B.in在里面；C.out在外；D.from从。句意：不幸的是，我的手提包的带子被椅子挂住，手里的托盘滑出去，飞到空中。下一句中说"in the air"，说明此时盘子已经"脱手"了，"from my hand"表示托盘从作者手中飞了出去，方向性介词"从"，要用from。故选D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.knocked敲；B.stood站；C.hung悬挂；D.fell掉下。句意：托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位客人身上。根据"went flying in the air."可知，托盘从手中滑落，盘子的东西洒在了一位客人身上。fell on：掉在。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.taste品尝；B.swallow吞咽；C.chew咀嚼；D.take拿。句意：托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位正准备吃三明治的客人身上。结合句意，此处考查固定短语take a bite"咬一口，吃"。故选D。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.discouraged泄气的；B.disappointed失望的；C.annoyed恼火的；D.shocked震惊的。句意：看到饮料浸湿了他的白色的衬衫，我感到非常震惊。根据"as the drinks soaked （浸湿） his white shirt."可知作者将食物泼洒在客人身上后感到很是震惊。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.rolled转动；B.rubbed摩擦；C.narrowed使变窄；D.closed闭上。句意：然后，我闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位客人的怒火。根据"and prepared myself for his burst of "可知作者准备承受那位客人的怒火。因此很害怕，就闭上眼睛。故选D。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.bitterness痛苦；B.anxiety焦虑；C.sorrow悲痛；D.anger生气。句意：然后，我闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位客人的怒火。根据常识和"Then I my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of"可知，作者闭上了眼睛准备承受那位客人的怒火。故选D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.satisfy使满意；B.encourage鼓励；C.praise表扬；D.comfort安慰。句意：他安慰我："没关系的"，然后去洗手间。结合主干"Instead，he said "It's OK"，"说明是为了安慰作者，故选D。
（11）考查特殊疑问词及语境理解。A.how怎样；B.who谁；C.which哪一个；D.what什么。句意：我仍旧颤抖，不能确定做什么，只能走到餐桌前坐下，尽力显得平静。此处指作者不知道接下来做什么，所以用what。故选D。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.mild温和的；B.honest诚实的；C.modest谦逊的；D.calm平静的。句意：我仍旧颤抖，不能确定做什么，我们只能走到餐桌前坐下，尽力显得平静。根据"trying our best to look"可知作者和朋友们尽力镇定下来。故选D。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.pushed推；B.drew画；C.laid放，搁；D.approached接近。句意：片刻以后，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝我们的桌子走来，我的心几乎停止跳动。根据"my heart almost stopped"可知，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝作者和朋友的桌子走来。故选D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.breaking打破；B.sinking下沉；C.trembling颤抖；D.beating跳动，击打。句意：片刻以后，那位客人从洗手间走出来，朝我们的桌子走来，我的心几乎停止跳动。表达：心脏有规律地跳动，只能用beat。故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.help帮助；B.position位置；C.job工作；D.number号码，数字。句意：我原以为他过来要我父亲的电话号码，给他打电话。根据"call him."可知，要打电话，必须要电话号码。故选D。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.Prepare准备；B.Find找到；C.Cook做饭；D.Buy买。句意：令我惊讶的是，他微笑着递给我一些现金，说："你买一个新的汉堡吧"。根据"handed us some cash"可知，他让作者用这些钱去买一个新的汉堡。故选D。
（17）考查副词及语境理解。A.on继续；B.around周围；C.up向上；D.away离开。句意：他甚至没有吃完食物就离开了。根据"without even finishing his food."可知，没有吃完他点的餐，他就离开了。walk away 表示离开。故选D。
（18）考查连接词及语境理解。A.so因此；B.since因为，既然；C.although尽管；D.but但是。句意：他本可能让不愉快的处境更加恶化，但是他选择了不同的方式，让我们有理由相信在这个世界上，仍然有友好。空格前有uncomfortable，而后面却说了different way，故前后句子是转折关系用but，故选D。
（19）考查名词及语境理解。A.happiness幸福；B.politeness礼貌；C.brightness明亮；D.kindness友好。句意：他本可能让不愉快的处境更加恶化，但是他选择了不同的方式，让我们有理由相信在这个世界上，仍然有友好。故选D。
（20）考查动词及语境理解。A.refuse拒绝；B.oppose反对；C.ignore忽略；D.forget忘记。句意：永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。结合本文是一篇回忆性的小文章，故最后表达的是永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友在快餐店就餐时发生了一件意外的事，但事情的结果却使他感触颇深。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】being
【小题2】and
【小题3】disappointed
【小题4】to
【小题5】caught
【小题6】to stop
【小题7】riding
【小题8】me
【小题9】what
【小题10】suddenly
【解析】（1）考查动名词。句意：一天早上，我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到。分析可知，此处应用动名词作介词about的宾语，故填being。
（2）考查连词。句意：有许多人在公共汽车站等着，其中一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。分析可知，此处应用连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，前后文之间为递进关系，应用连词and，故填and。
（3）考查形容词。句意：有许多人在公共汽车站等着，其中一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。分析可知，此处应用形容词与and前anxious并列作looked的表语，且此处修饰主语some of them，应用-ed结尾的形容词disappointed表示"失望的"，故填disappointed。
（4）考查介词。句意：我在窗户旁边找了一个地方，所以我能很好地看到人行道。next to表示"紧邻；在…近旁"，为固定搭配，故填to。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。结合上下文可知，文章是在讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填caught。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：我听到一名乘客在我身后向司机喊叫，但他拒绝停车，直到我们到达下一站。根据句意表示"拒绝做某事"应用refuse to do sth，故此处应用动词不定式作宾语，故填to stop。
（7）考查动名词。句意：尽管如此，男孩还是继续骑着。根据句意表示"继续做某事"应用keep doing sth，故此处应用动名词作宾语，故填riding。
（8）考查代词。句意：公交车上的一名女子喊道，"奥，天啊！是我。"分析可知，此处作is的表语，应用宾格形式me，故填me。
（9）考查宾语从句连接词。句意：公共汽车上的每个人都开始谈论这个男孩所做的事，一群陌生人突然变得友好起来。分析可知，此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，意为"......的事情"，故应用连接代词what，故填what。
（10）考查副词。句意：公共汽车上的每个人都开始谈论这个男孩所做的事，一群陌生人突然变得友好起来。分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰后文became，故填suddenly。
本文为一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一个骑自行车的男孩捡到一个行李箱，并骑车追公交车归还的事情。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Some international students our school last week.To help them better our tea- drinking culture，I took them to the tea room in our school and introduced∧ history of tea-making and tea culture to them.All the international were quite interested in my introduction.Then I showed them to make tea.I sat at a table，slowly every step of the process while making tea.All of them were amazed that they couldn't wait to have a try .Soon the atmosphere in the tea room became and we had a lot of fun practising making tea.In the end，we took a group photo to memorize the moment we won't forget it.
详解：
1.考查时态。句意：上周，一群留学生参观了我们的学校。根据时间状语last week可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故visit改为visited。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化，我带他们去了我们学校的茶室，向他们介绍了制茶的历史和茶文化。根据help sb（to）do sth"帮助某人做某事"可知，此处应用省略了to的不定式作宾补。故understanding改为understand。
3.考查冠词。句意：为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化，我带他们去了我们学校的茶室，向他们介绍了制茶的历史和茶文化。根据语境可知，此处特指制茶的历史，应用定冠词the表示特指。故history前加the。
4.考查可数名词复数。句意：所有的留学生都对我的介绍很感兴趣。student"学生"为可数名词，根据前面的修饰词all可知，此处应用其复数形式。故student改为students。
5.考查疑问词。句意：我坐在桌子旁边，一边制茶一边慢慢解释制茶的每一个步骤。根据句意此处表示"如何制茶"，故应用how表示如何。故what改为how。
6.考查现在分词。句意：我坐在桌子旁边，一边制茶一边慢慢解释制茶的每一个步骤。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，explain与其逻辑主语I是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语。故explain改为explaining。
7.考查副词。句意：所有人都非常惊讶，他们迫不及待地想自己试一试。分析可知，此处应用副词so修饰形容词amazed，与后面的that构成"so…that…"句型表示"如此……以至于……"。故very改为so。
8.考查反身代词。句意：所有人都非常惊讶，他们迫不及待地想自己试一试。结合语境及主语they可知，此处应用反身代词themselves表示"他们自己"。故ourselves改为themselves。
9.考查形容词。句意：很快，茶室里的气氛变得很好，我们练习泡茶玩得很开心。分析可知，此处应用形容词good"好的"作became的表语，well作形容词时意为"身体健康的"，不符合题意。故well改为good。
10.考查定语从句。句意：最后，我们拍了一张合影，以纪念我们不会忘记的那一刻。分析可知，we won't forget it为省略了that的定语从句，先行词为the moment，在从句中作forget的宾语，it多余。故去掉it。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了上周为了让留学生更好地了解茶文化，作者向留学生介绍中国茶文化的事情。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
38.【答案】Dear Jerry，
I'm terribly sory that I can't go on the scheduled trip to Shanghai with you during the winter holiday.I'm writing to extend my apology for failing to keep our appointment.（表示歉意）
Last semester saw my admission to the school debate team.As we' ll have a provincial debate competition in March，the whole team needs intensive training during the holiday. 【高分句型一】And I' ll work to a tight schedule.Therefore，I can't make the trip. （说明无法陪同的情况）The competition over，we may rearrange our travel and set out then.【高分句型二】（另约时间）
I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：As we' ll have a provincial debate competition in March，the whole team needs intensive training during the holiday.
译文：由于我们将在三月份举行一场省级辩论赛，因此整个团队需要在假期进行密集训练。
分析：这句话使用了as引导的原因状语从句。
高分句型二：The competition over，we may rearrange our travel and set out then.
译文：比赛结束了，我们可以重新安排行程，然后出发。
分析：这句话使用了独立主格结构。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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