备战2023年春季英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 热点05 阅读理解之碳中和碳达峰

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中考书面表达题贴近学生实际生活，紧密联系热点话题，写作话题真实从而让考生有话可写。书面表达情景实用性程度高，各地试题都符合同学们的认知水平和日常生活经历，题目设计关注学生成长，注意培养其良好的道德品质和健全的人格。碳中和/碳达峰无疑是今年的火爆热点之一。
考点详解
1. 认真审题。
审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。
2. 构思提纲。
有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。
3. 初写短文。
一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。
4. 修改润色。
修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
真题再现
（2021·浙江台州·中考真题）The Yuth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-lng festival f climate actin fr primary and middle schls in the UK, starts n 9 Nvember. It aims t create a fairer, mre envirnmental wrld and make prmises that will help the planet. Climate change is the lng-term changes in the wrld’s weather patterns that are mstly caused by human activity. “Unlike wrld leaders,” say the summit’s rganizers, “yung peple are refusing t let it drp ff the plan.”
Each day has a tpic, which includes fd and fashin, lking at hw humans harm the envirnment and hw t save the planet. Organizatins are leading sme n line activities. Fr example, the Marine Cnservatin Sciety is hsting meetings n prtecting sea fish. Separately, the envirnmental rganizatin Greenpeace is running a wrkshp n hw t turn wrn-ut clthing int smething new and wearable.
The summit will finish n 13 Nvember, when yuth ambassadrs (大使) wants schls t stp paper waste. Max, anther 16-year-ld ambassadr wants schls t rganize mre trips and activities that get students utside t experience the beauty f nature. As part f the summit, hundreds f schls acrss the cuntry are signing up t the Let’s G Zer activity, aiming t becme carbn-zer (零碳的) by 2030.
Carbn-zer schls are nes that prmise t stp emitting carbn in seven areas, including where they get their fd and hw they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity wrking twards climate slutins. Ashden hpes that schls will be able t help each ther by sharing ideas and methds. It is als calling n the Gvernment t back the prmise. Head ver t transfrm-ur-wrld.rg where yu can find ut mre.
1．The writer develps the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by ________.
A．telling striesB．cmparing factsC．giving examplesD．listing numbers
2．Max advises schls t ________.
A．recycle and reuse ld clthes
B．prevent students frm wasting paper
C．have meetings n saving endangered sea fish
D．prvide mre chances fr students t enjy the nature
3．The underlined wrd "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the clsest in meaning t “________”.
A．using upB．taking inC．sending utD．cutting dwn
4．The purpse f the passage is mainly t ________.
A．explain the prblems with climate change
B．develp children’s ability t slve scial prblems
C．intrduce the envirnmental rganizatins t schls
D．encurage yung peple t care mre abut climate change
【答案】1．C
2．D
3．C
4．D
【分析】
文章主要讲了气候变化问题及各组织所举办的相关活动和发出的建议，以此来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化问题。
1．
细节理解题。根据“Fr example, the Marine Cnservatin Sciety is hsting meetings n prtecting sea fish. Separately, the envirnmental rganizatin Greenpeace is running a wrkshp n hw t turn wrn-ut clthing int smething new and wearable.”列举了Marine Cnservatin Sciety和Greenpeace两个组织的具体行动，表明作者是通过列举具体示例来说明第一句的。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据“Max, anther 16-year-ld ambassadr wants schls t rganize mre trips and activities that get students utside t experience the beauty f nature.”可知Max建议学校多组织一些户外的短途旅行和活动等，以此来帮助学生体验大自然的美，故选D。
3．
词义猜测题。根据“Carbn-zer schls”以及全文都提及气候变化，可推测出"零碳学校"倡导的是停止碳的“排放"。emitting与“sending ut”意思相近。故选C。
4．
主旨大意题。根据文中的第一段提及的气候变化和环境问题以及后文介绍了不同组织所举办的各项活动和所发出的各项倡议，可知作者的意图是通过文章来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化的问题。故选D。
（2021·广东·南山实验教育集团三模）
Climate change is a glbal challenge. One way t fight it is by reducing the amunt f carbn dixide in the air. New research shws that trees planted in China have helped in this fight.
A recent study in the jurnal Nature shws that the amunt f carbn dixide absrbed (吸收) by new frests in tw parts f China is mre than we thught. These areas are in the nrtheastern Heilngjiang and Jilin prvinces and the suthwestern Yunnan and Guizhu prvinces and Guangxi Zhuang autnmus regin. They make up abut 35 percent f China’s land-based (基于陆地的) carbn sinks (碳汇). A carbn sink is a natural area like a frest r cean that absrbs mre-carbn dixide than it emits (排放). Carbn sinks help t reduce the amunt f CO2 in the atmsphere.
China’s gal is t peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissins (排放) befre 2030 and reach carbn neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reprted. Carbn neutrality refers t remving as much CO2 as ne puts int the air.
Accrding t study c-authr Yi Liu at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, “the affrestatin (植树造林) activities described in ur Nature paper will play a rle in reaching that gal.”
5．A recent study in Nature shws that ________.
A．China has serius air pllutinB．China has planted the mst trees in the wrld
C．China has fewer CO2 emissins (排放) nwD．China has planted fewer trees
6．Carbn sinks will ________.
A．absrb mre CO2 than they emitB．give ff CO2 emissins mre quickly
C．release less CO2 int the airD．have n CO2 in their air
7．Accrding t Xinhua, China ________.
A．is the wrld’s largest emitter f CO2B．will bring CO2 emissins dwn after 2030
C．will nt release CO2 in the futureD．will reach carbn neutrality by 2030
8．Which f the fllwing is NOT TRUE in the passage?
A．One way t fight climate is by reducing the amunt f carbn dixide in the air.
B．Trees planted in China have helped fight against climate change.
C．New frests in tw parts f China absrbed mre carbn dixide than we thught.
D．35 percent f China’s land has been affected by CO2 emissin.
9．What d we knw frm the stry?
A．It takes a lng time fr carbn sinks t frm.B．Climate change is n lnger a serius prblem.
C．Mre trees will be planted in China in the future.D．China has beaten climate change.
【答案】5．C
6．A
7．B
8．D
9．C
【导语】
本文报道了中国的植树造林在应对全球气候变化中起到的重大作用。
5．
推理判断题。根据“A recent study in the jurnal Nature shws that the amunt f carbn dixide absrbed by new frests in tw parts f China is mre than we thught”可知，《自然》杂志最近的一项研究表明，中国现在的二氧化碳排放量减少了，故选C。
6．
细节理解题。根据“A carbn sink is a natural area like a frest r cean that absrbs mre-carbn dixide than it emits. Carbn sinks help t reduce the amunt f CO2 in the atmsphere”，可知碳汇吸收的二氧化碳要比排放的多，故选A。
7．
细节理解题。根据“China’s gal is t peak its CO2 emissins befre 2030 and reach carbn neutrality by 2060, Xinhua reprted”，可知中国将在2030年后降低二氧化碳排放量，故选B。
8．
细节理解题。根据“A recent study in the jurnal Nature shws that the amunt f carbn dixide absrbed by new frests in tw parts f China is mre than we thught. These areas are in the nrtheastern Heilngjiang and Jilin prvinces and the suthwestern Yunnan and Guizhu prvinces and Guangxi Zhuang autnmus regin. They make up abut 35 percent f China’s land-based carbn sinks”，可知是说这两个地区森林吸收的二氧化碳量约占中国陆地碳汇的35%，而不是中国35%的土地受到了二氧化碳排放的影响；“35 percent f China’s land has been affected by CO2 emissin”陈述错误，故选D。
9．
推理判断题。通读全文，结合“Climate change is a glbal challenge. One way t fight it is by reducing the amunt f carbn dixide in the air. New research shws that trees planted in China have helped in this fight”，可知植树造林有利于实现减少碳排放的目标，所以未来会种植更多的树木，故选C。
（2021·浙江·杭州市采荷中学三模）If yu want yur children t grw up t be friendly t the envirnment, yu have t start teaching them while they are yung. The Internet can be a great tl fr teaching yur kids mre abut the envirnment and recycling. What are the best recycling websites fr kids? Here they are.
10．Wh des the writer mst likely write this passage fr?A．parentsB．wrkersC．kidsD．fficers
11．What d these websites have in cmmn?
A．They are all fficial sites f gvernments.B．Kids can play different games n these websites.
C．Many interesting games are ready fr kids,D．They all prvide infrmatin abut the envirnment.
12．Which website prvides cartns abut the envirnment?
A．www. kidsplanet.rg.B．www. kidsface.rg.C．www. epa. gv/students/.D．www.childrenftheearth rg.
【答案】10．A
11．D
12．C
【分析】
文章介绍了几个最好的儿童回收网站，供孩子们学习有关环境保护和回收的知识。
10．
推理判断题。根据“If yu want yur children t grw up t be friendly t the envirnment, yu have t start teaching them while they are yung. The Internet can be a great tl fr teaching yur kids mre abut the envirnment and recycling.”可知，文章是写给父母的，故选A。
11．
细节理解题。根据“ kids can d t help prtect their wn envirnment”以及“ infrmatin t kids n the envirnment”以及“ facts abut the envirnment...”以及“ their actins can either have bad r gd effects (影响) n the envirnment.”可知，这些网站都是与环境有关的，故选D。
12．
细节理解题。根据“Website 3: www. epa. are many funny cartns that include facts abut the envirnment that kids can enjy.”可知，www. epa. gv/students/这个网站提供有关环境的动画片，故选C。
（2021·河南·模拟预测）What d peple d with their ld, ut f date but still useful cmputers? Mst peple dn’t knw hw t deal with them. Many ld cmputers are put away. Many mre are simply thrwn away as rubbish.
Finally, sme cmpanies are thinking f ways t bring dwn the number f ld cmputers. Sny has agreed t help recycle ld Sny prducts(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and ther cmpanies nw als take back sme ld cmputers f their wn brands.
In sme cuntries, laws have been passed, t. Cmputer cmpanies have t pay fr cllecting and recycling their used prducts. And 70% f the cmputer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that cmputer cmpanies themselves shuld pay fr the cst. That will encurage them t make cmputers which are easier and cheaper t repair and upgrade(升级).
Yet many peple are thrwing away gd cmputers, while thers cannt affrd them at all. Hundreds f rganizatins are wrking n this prblem. They cllect and repair ld cmputers. Sme als teach thers hw t repair cmputers. These repaired cmputers then g t schls, charities(慈善团体) r peple wh need them. Giving a used cmputer t ne f these rganizatins can turn ne persn’s rubbish int smene else’s useful things and cut dwn waste, t.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
13．What d many peple d with ld cmputers?
A．They repair them.B．They sell them.
C．They send them t thers.D．They stp using them.
14．Hw many cmputer cmpanies are mentined in the secnd paragraph？
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
15．Accrding t the laws in sme cuntries, cmputer cmpanies must ________.
A．recycle mst f their prductsB．cllect all their used prducts
C．repair and upgrade ld cmputersD．make mre cheaper cmputers
16．What d the rganizatins d t slve the prblem f ld cmputers?
A．Help the cmputer cmpanies t cllect them.
B．Repair and send them t thse wh need them.
C．Help peple t learn t use them.
D．Turn rubbish int useful things.
17．What is the main idea f this passage?
A．Repairing ld cmputers.B．Encuraging t make cheap cmputers.
C．Recycling ld cmputers.D．Helping thse wh need cmputers.
【答案】13．D
14．C
15．A
16．B
17．C
【分析】
文章介绍了现在很多电脑公司都在进行旧电脑回收，也建议人们把不用的电脑送给一些有需要的人，以减少浪费。
13．
细节理解题。根据“Mst peple dn’t knw hw t deal with them. Many ld cmputers are put away. Many mre are simply thrwn away as rubbish.”可知，大多数人都不知道如何应对。许多旧电脑被收起来了。更多的只是作为垃圾扔掉。故选D。
14．
细节理解题。根据“Sny has agreed t help recycle ld Sny prducts(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and ther cmpanies nw als take back sme ld cmputers f their wn brands.”可知，文中提到了Sny, Dell和Hewlett Packard三家电脑公司，故选C。
15．
细节理解题。根据“Cmputer cmpanies have t pay fr cllecting and recycling their used prducts. And 70% f the cmputer waste must be recycled.”可知，电脑公司必须回收他们的旧产品。故选A。
16．
细节理解题。根据“They cllect and repair ld cmputers. Sme als teach thers hw t repair cmputers. These repaired cmputers then g t schls, charities(慈善团体) r peple wh need them.”可知，他们收集和修理旧电脑。有些人还教别人如何修理电脑。这些修理过的电脑然后送到学校、慈善机构或需要它们的人那里。故选B。
17．
主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，本文主要讲述电脑厂家回收它们产品的事，故选C。
（2021·上海·上外附中七年级期末）Imagine being a business that regularly takes high quantities f yur wn prducts wrth millins f punds and burns them up. Yur stck（库存）literally ges up in smke. It sunds crazy, but the practice is cmmn fr sme f the wrld’s biggest clthing manufacturers. They argue that it is the mst cst-effective way f maintaining their brand’s exclusivity（独特性）.
The clthes that are burned are thse that d nt sell at a high enugh price. Rather than watch them g n sale, the cmpanies wuld set fire t them and regain a small amunt f energy.
Nbdy knws exactly hw much unsld stck is burnt annually by thse fashin huses, but burning clthes has varius negative impacts n the envirnment. Fr example, burning clthes made frm artificial fibers may release plastic micrfibers int the atmsphere, which wrsens glbal warming. A UK parliamentary cmmittee reprt n sustainability and the fashin industry advises the gvernment t ban the burning f unsld stck if it can be reused r recycled.
Actually, there are ther appraches. What if thse cmpanies had a sectin tasked with taking back unsld clthes, redesigning them int new prducts, and shipping ut the new prducts t the market nce again?
There is als nw an pprtunity t fcus n bidegradable（可生物降解的） fabrics. Clthes that break dwn faster might nt have t be burned. They wuld als appeal t thse wh care abut the envirnmental impact f their wn wardrbes.
Additinally, we have an ver-prductin prblem. Accrding t the Wrld Bank, while clthing sales have risen steadily since 2000, clthing utilizatin has fallen at rughly the same rate. Fr every extra T-shirt that is sld, it will be wrn rughly half as much as it wuld have been 20 years ag. That means better frecasting market trends wuld in thery result in less waste.
Burning clthes wn’t happen simply thrugh fashin firms. The scale f fashin prductin has t change. And it’s imprtant t recgnize that these cnsumer-fcused brands will nly g where the market takes them. If prtecting the envirnment really matters t the public, they have t make clear that they want mre sustainable clthing in the first place. Withut cnsumers demanding that, it wn’t change.
18．Accrding t the passage, why d clthing firms chse t burn instead f selling clthes at a discunt?
A．They dn’t want t be cpied.B．It csts the least and prfits the mst.
C．There are quality prblems.D．The manufacturer went bankrupt.
19．Paragraph three mainly talks abut ________.
A．hw imprtant the U. K parliamentary cmmittee reprt is
B．why fashin firms shuld end burning unsld stck
C．why fashin firms bum unsld clthes in large numbers every year
D．hw artificial fabrics will cntribute t glbal warming
20．The underlined expressin “clthing utilizatin” in the sixth paragraph means ________.
A．hw lng clthing lastB．hw well clthing sells
C．hw ften clthing is usedD．hw clthing is designed
21．Accrding t the article, which f the fllwing is NOT a better way f dealing with unsld clthes than burning them?
A．Redesigning and making them int new clthes.
B．Making cnsumers feel better abut their purchases.
C．Cnducting research n market demand befre prductin.
D．Making clthes ut f envirnmentally-friendly materials.
22．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Cnsumers play a key rle in stpping burning clthes.
B．Burning clthes is a better ptin fr every fashin firm.
C．The secret that sme fashin firms burn clthes is well kept.
D．Tday’s clthes are better than thse tw decades ag.
【答案】18．B
19．B
20．C
21．B
22．A
【分析】
文章主要谈论了时装店常烧掉未出售的衣服库存的现象，指出这对环境不好，并提出了处理该现象的方法。
18．
细节理解题。根据“They argue that it is the mst cst-effective way f maintaining their brand’s exclusivity（独特性）.”可知，他们辩称，这是保持品牌独特性的最具成本效益的方式，故选B。
19．
主旨大意题。根据“Nbdy knws exactly hw much unsld stck is burnt annually by thse fashin huses, but burning clthes has varius negative impacts n the envirnment. Fr example...”可知，本段主要是讲为什么时装公司应该停止焚烧未售出的库存，故选B。
20．
词义猜测题。根据“Accrding t the Wrld Bank, while clthing sales have risen steadily since 2000, clthing utilizatin has fallen at rughly the same rate. Fr every extra T-shirt that is sld, it will be wrn rughly half as much as it wuld have been 20 years ag.”虽然自2000年以来服装销售稳步增长，但clthing utilizatin却以大致相同的速度下降。每售出一件额外的T恤，其穿着率大约是20年前的一半。所以“clthing utilizatin”指的是“服装利用率”，故选C。
21．
细节理解题。根据“Actually, there are ther shipping ut the new prducts t the market nce again?”可知，这里说的是如果这些公司有一个部门负责收回未售出的衣服，重新设计成新产品，并将新产品再次运送到市场上，排除A；根据“There is als nw an pprtunity t fcus n bidegradable（可生物降解的） fabrics...”可知，有机会关注可生物降解的织物，排除D选项；根据“That means better frecasting market trends wuld in thery result in less waste.”可知，这意味着更好地预测市场趋势在理论上会减少浪费。排除C选项；故选B。
22．
段落大意题。根据“If prtecting the envirnment really matters t the cnsumers demanding that, it wn’t change.”可知，这里说的是消费者在阻止烧掉衣服方面起着关键作用，故选A。
Website 1: www. kidsplanet.rg
This site has many great games fr kids n the web f life, facts n different animals, and they prvide excellent infrmatin n what kids can d t help prtect their wn envirnment. They even have their wn Wildlife Adptin Center n the site.
Website 2: www. kidsface.rg
This site is t prvide infrmatin t kids n the envirnment and t encurage them t wrk n imprving the wrld arund them. It prvides infrmatin n hw they can wrk in their wn cmmunity and hw they can wrk n recycling.
Website 3: www. epa. gv/students/
This is the fficial site f the EPА in the United States. They include many great stries, games, and pictures. There are many funny cartns that include facts abut the envirnment that kids can enjy. It als includes excellent ways that kids can imprve the envirnment and keep nature alive as well.
Website 4: www. childrenftheearth.rg
The Children f the Earth website helps t prvide infrmatin fr kids that will allw them t understand and respect the wrld arund them. Lessns are taught n plants, sil, energy, animals, and mre. It helps them t learn abut hw their actins can either have bad r gd effects (影响) n the envirnment.