初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 2 TravellingReading教学演示课件ppt

《英语》（八年级下册）

Unit 2 Travelling

Study skills

I. Teaching aims and learning objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. know what main points and details are;

2. distinguish between main points and details; 

3. learn how to use the skill in their reading and organize ideas in their writing.

II. Teaching contents

New words and phrases: point, main points

III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty

Learn how to use the skill in reading and writing.  

IV. Teaching procedures

Step 1 Lead-in

1. Show two idea webs (an umbrella and a house) and the other three pictures

2. Tell the students “main points and details” is a reading skill as well as a writing skill

【设计意图：首先精选代表要点与细节关系的伞状图及房屋框架图以及其他几幅图片，引出本节课要学习的主要内容“要点与细节”，指出这既是一种重要的阅读技能也是写作技能。】

Step 2 Presentation

1. Definitions of topic, main point and details 

  Let the students know “To read or write well, they need to understand the definitions of the three concepts.” 

2. Relationships between topic, main point and details

Show the students an idea web “Topics, Main ideas (Points) and Details” to help them understand the relationships between the main point and details.

Show the students the frame of a house to illustrate that topics, main ideas or points, and details work together. 

3. Identification of topic, main point and details  

Present a passage about smoking and illustrate how to identify a topic, the main points and details. Put more emphases on the identification of main points and details.

(1) How to determine the topic

a. Tips

◆ Ask yourself “Who or what is the passage about?”

◆ Look carefully at the title. Often the general topic is one of the words in the title.

◆ Look for clue words or phrases that are used repeatedly. Often that word or phrase is the general topic of the article.

b. Ask the students to identify the topic of the passage.

(2) How to determine the main idea

a. Tips

◆ Ask Yourself … What is this passage mostly about?

                 Why did the writer write this passage?

◆ The main idea is sometimes expressed in the topic sentence.

◆ Figure out the implied main idea in your own words.

b. Ask the students to identify the main idea of the passage Smoking.

c. Ask the students to read four short passages. Ask them to find out the main ideas (MI) or the topic sentences (TS) for the first three passages and then figure out the main point of the fourth one.

The writer may place the main idea in the beginning of the paragraph, in the middle, or in the last part of the paragraph. If the main idea is not stated, the readers have to determine the main idea themselves.  

(3) How to find (supporting ) details

a. Tips

◆ Decide which details help to further the storyline.

◆ Decide which details help you to understand the main idea.

◆ Turn the main idea into a question by asking who, what, when, where, why, or how?  The answer will give a set of details.

b. Importance of supporting details

◆ Details help you to better understand the main idea and see the big picture.

◆ Details make the main idea stronger and more interesting.

◆ Details help the writing flow.

c. Ask the students to identify the three details which help to support the main idea “Smoking is bad for your health.”

4. Conclusion

T: From the passage about smoking, we are getting to understand the main idea or point and details. Every story or paragraph has a main idea. Main Idea is like the heart of the text or a paragraph. All the supporting details in the text or within a paragraph should tell us more about the main idea.

【设计意图：整体呈现主要的学习内容，激活学生的认知需求。首先首先简明扼要地定义主题、要点与细节，然后利用形象的图片直观地阐述这三者之间的关系。通过实例引领学生发现相关阅读技能，阐述在阅读活动中如何辨别三者，重点放在要点与细节上。适时总结，帮助学生更好地理解三者间的关系: 要点是文章的心脏，所有的支撑细节都是以此为中心。】

Step 3 Reading Practice

1. Check how well the students understand details

Present two short articles. Let the students say which detail or sentence does not support the main point. And then, ask the students to explain the reasons.

2. Check how well the students understand main points or ideas  

Present a passage about Benjamin Franklin. The passage has four paragraphs. Ask the students to choose the correct main idea for each paragraph and analyze their choices. 

(1) The main point for Para 1 is stated in the first sentence. The remaining sentences give examples to support it. 

(2) The main point for Para 2 is stated in the last sentence. The first three sentences give details to explain it.  

(3) The main point for Para 3 is stated within the paragraph and then restated at the end.

(4) The main point for Para 4 is stated in the first sentence. The remaining sentences give examples to prove it.

(5) First and last sentences in the paragraph are usually helpful.

3. Check how well the students understand the topic, main points and details  

Present a passage about Canada. Ask the students to identify the topic, main point and details. Then ask them to locate the topic, main point and major and minor details in the paragraph.

【设计意图：让学生阅读四篇文章，在阅读活动中运用相应技能来检测学生本节课学习的效果。先让学生剔除不能支撑要点的细节，再让学生找出每段的主题句，最后让学生阅读一篇文章，说出相应的主题、要点与细节，并要求学生在文中找出相关的句子。活动难度逐步增加，有一定的梯度，由分项到综合，同时也与开头形成呼应。阅读技能是学生写作的有力支撑，该环节也为下面在写作中运用本课的学习技能做了充足准备。】

Step 4 Writing Practice

1. Kitty’s day at Hong Kong Disneyland

T: We can use the skill of “main points and details” when writing about an experience or event or some other genre of writing.

T: Let’s illustrate it with the example of Kitty’s day at Hong Kong Disneyland.

3. Writing Tips on main points and details

(1) Choose several supporting points about the topic.

(2) Stay on the point.

(3) Provide enough specific details to support the main points.

4. The Taiwan Earthquake

Take Taiwan Earthquake as an example to illustrate that strong supporting evidence is at the heart of effective writing.

5. Writing your own paragraph

Ask students to write their own paragraphs, using main points and details properly.

  Before that, the teacher demonstrates how to write a good paragraph step by step.

  Then, the students are asked to write their own paragraphs according to the requirements.

【设计意图：要点与细节是非常重要的一个写作技能。先结合本单元的课文，分析在写作一个经历或事件时应如何选择要点及支撑细节，再点拨相关写作技巧，并以Taiwan Earthquake课文为例强调有效写作的中心是为要点提供有力的细节支撑。接着是范文引路，最后是写作实践。由易到难、逐步开放的阅读及写作训练很好地检测本节学习技能课的目标达成度。】

Step 5 Conclusion

T: Writing is like soccer. You want to stay with your ideas. Adding supporting details is like kicking the soccer ball all the way down field to score the final goal.   

【设计意图：通过比喻，概括本节课的学习要点及该技能的重要性。】

V. Homework

1. Read more passages and find their main points and details.

2. Preview Task.