Unit 1 Grammar and Writing-七年级英语上册同步精品讲义（人教版）

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Unit1 Section B  语法  形容词性物主代词  What引导的特殊疑问句  be动词写作如何介绍自己及他人  知识点01 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词用来表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，在句中作定语的物主代词叫形容词性物主代词，如my(我的），your(你的，你们的）等。 人称单数复数人称代词主格形容词性物主代词人称代词主格形容词性物主代词第一人称Imyweour第二人称youyouryouyour 第三人称hehis they theirsheheritits 1形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，后跟名词。e.g.Is that his iPad?那是他的iPad吗？What's your name?你的名字是什么？It's a panda. Its name is Huanhuan.它是一只熊猫。它的名字叫欢欢。【即学即练1】－Are Kate and Joan               good friends?－Yes,they are. Please look after           .A.your;their      B.your;them     C.yours;theirs       D.you;them解析：用语境分析法和语法判定法解题。根据语境可知问句意为“凯特和琼是你的好朋友吗？”，且第一空后面有名词短语，所以用形容词性物主代词作定语；第二个设空处放在动词短语 look after 后面作宾语，所以用人称代词的宾格形式。句意为“－－凯特和琼是你的好朋友吗？－－是的，她们是。请照顾一下她们”。2与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放在形容词之前。e.g.This is his good friend.这是他的好朋友。拓展：【重点＆易错】形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的相互转换。e.g.My quilt is purple. Yours (your quilt ) is blue.我的被子是紫色的。你的被子是蓝色的。Your apple is big. Mine(My apple) is small.你的苹果大。我的苹果小。速记小法：形容词性物主代词口诀：我的my,你的your,男他的his,女她的her,它的its不加撇。我们的our,你们的your,他（她，它）们的their 别记错！名词前面常站岗，限定所属有功劳。【即学即练2】This is          dictionary._         is better than John's.A.her;Hers       B.her;Her        C.hers;Her       D.hers;Hers解析：用语法判定法解题。her用作形容词性物主代词，修饰其后的名词；hers用作名词性物主代词，起名词的作用，后面不能再有名词。第一个空格后是名词，要用her修饰；第二个空格处缺少主语，要填名词性物主代词Hers（相当于Her dictionary).what 引导的特殊疑问句what意为“什么”，用于引导特殊疑问句。知识点02  what引导的特殊疑问句的结构what引导的特殊疑问句，当谓语是be动词时，其结构为“What(+名词）＋be动词＋主语（某人或某物）＋其他？”，其中be动词形式应与主语保持一致。【即学即练3】-What          your sister's name?-Gina。解析：用主谓一致法解题。问句主语是 your sister's name,是第三人称单数，故be动词用is。what引导的特殊疑问句的用法1.what引导的特殊疑问何可用于提向物、名称、数字、价格、天气、职业、日期等。e.g.What's that?那是什么？What's your job?你的工作是什么？What are they?他们是做什么工作的？2.what还可与名词连用，用于询问颜色、时间、年级、班级、尺码等。e.g.What color is the jacket?这件夹克衫是什么颜色的？What time is it now?现在几点了？What size are your shoes?你的鞋子是多大尺码的？【即学即练4】一           is the shared bike（共享单车）？－Yellow.A.What         B.How          C.What color          D.What size答案：C解析：根据答语可知问句是对颜色的提问，故选择C what引导的特殊疑问句的答语what引导的特殊疑问句，当谓语动词是be动词时，如果主语是you,则答语用“I'm/We're..”；如果主语是第三人称单数，答语用“He/She/It is..”；如果主语是复数，答语用“They are..”。温馨提示：特殊疑问句的回答要根据具体情况，不能用yes或no回答。【即学即练5】一What color is your bag?一               yellow.A.It's          B.They're         C.She's          D.He's解析：问句主语是your bag，是第三人称单数，且是物，所以回答时选用代词it，且与之搭配的be动词是is，因此答案为A.知识点03  be 动词be 动词表示“是”。在一般现在时中，be动词有am,is和are三种形式。am,is,are“各司其职”am与第一人称单数I连用。e.g.I'm Anna.我是安娜。I am a teacher.我是一名教师。are与第一人称复数we、第二人称you、第三人称复数they或名词复数连用。e.g.You are good friends.你们是好朋友。They are in China.他们在中国。is与第三人称单数连用。e.g.He is a good teacher.他是一位好老师。The ruler is black.那把直尺是黑色的。My father is in his room.我爸爸在他的房间里。速记小法：我用am,你用are,is连着他、她、它，所有复数都用are.【即学即练6】Frank and I              good friends.We are in Class 3,Grade 7.A.am         B.is         C.are       D.be解析：Frank and I作主语，视为复数，因此用are. be家“三兄弟”玩转一般疑问句和否定句含有be动词的句子变一般疑问句时，将be动词提到句子开头；变否定句时在be动词后加not即可。e.g.He is Henry.他是亨利。→(变一般疑问句）－Is he Henry?他是亨利吗？－Yes,he is./No,he isn't.是的，他是。／不，他不是。→(变否定句）He isn't Henry.他不是亨利。含有be动词am的句子变一般疑问句时，要将第一人称换成第二人称，同时am换成 are.e.g.I am fine.我很好。→(变一般疑问句）Are you fine?你好吗？速记小法：变疑问，be前提，句末问号别丢弃，原句中“”变“you”，跳出自己问成你；否定句，超容易，be后not莫忘记。  考法01  单元写作【典例1】单元话题先完成表格，再根据表格内容提示写一篇文章介绍你自己。不少于50词。Boy/GirlFirst nameLast/Family nameAge(年龄）SchoolTelephone numberFriend审题指导（把握中心，得方向分）阅读写作内容提示，可从以下几个问题着手写作：A.用第几人称写？第一人称还是第三人称？B.年龄的表达方式是什么？C.介绍哪些方面？D.如何收尾？写作方法（学会方法，巧得高分）“六要素法”写介绍人物类作文（六要素为性别、姓名、年龄、学校、电话号码、朋友）写作模板（学会套路，得基本分）介绍自己第一段：介绍基本信息I'm a girl/boy.(性别）My name is...(姓名）My first name is...My last name is...I'm...years old.(年龄）第二段：深层信息介绍I'm in...School.(学校）My telephone number is...(电话号码）My friend is...(朋友）第三段：收尾Do you want to make friends.../know more about...?经典词句（妙用句式，得出彩分）单词name,friend,and,my,old,school first name, last name,family name,短语phone number  This is my friend.His/Her first /last句子name is...He/She is... years old.I am...years old.I am a boy/girl.范文赏析（书写工整，得印象分）Hi, my name is Lin Hai. I am a boy and I'm 12 years old. Hai is my first name and Lin is my family name.I am in Guangming Middle School.What's my phone number? Oh,it's 346-9921.My friend is Li Fang. She is in China and her telephone number is 888-7654.Do you want to make friends with me? 名师点评本文采用了“六要素法”介绍自己。一、性别：a boy; 姓名：Lin Hai;年龄：12;学校：Guangming Middle School;电话号码：346-9921;朋友：Li Fang.二、写作思路清晰，信息完整。文章分成三段，第一段，基本信息介绍；第二段，深层信息介绍；第三段，用“Do you want to make friends with me?"收尾，体现了作者热衷于交友的心理。   题组A  基础过关练一、单项选择1．My sister’s jeans ________ nice and she likes ________ very much.A．are; them B．is; it C．are; it D．is; them2．—Are you Bob? —Yes, _________.A．I am B．I’m C．it is D．you are3．I _____________ Frank. You _____________ Alice.A．am; am B．is; is C．are; is D．am; are二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1．________ (she) mother is our English teacher.2．This is ________ (I) mother.3．This is my dog and ________ (it) name is Mike.4．My sister is old enough to take good care of ________ (she).5．My clothes _____ (be) red and white.三、根据首字母填空1．My name is Mike. What’s y________ name?2．I don’t know the boy. What’s h_________ name?3．—W_______ is your name? —My name is Lucy.四、根据汉语提示填空1．That is my teacher. ________ (她的) name is Jenny.2．Look! This is _____________ (我的尺子).3．Our classroom is very big but ________ (他们的) classroom is really small.4．This is ________ (我们的) room.5．________ ________ (他的名字) is Tom.6．—What is ________ (她的) telephone number?—It’s 010－69287689.五、根据句意填空1．His family name ________ White.2．My phone number ________ 2836579.3．I ________ in Grade One.4．This is my dog. ________ name is Dingding.5．This is my daughter. ________ name is Lily.6．My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher.7．—How ____ you?—I’m fine, thanks.六、划线部分提问1．This is a backpack.(划线提问)________ ________in English?2．The quilt is black and white. (划线提问)_______ _______is the quilt?3．My last name is Brown. (划线提问)____________________last name?4．His telephone number is 987-3452. (划线提问)______ ______ his telephone number?题组B  能力提升练一、完成句子1．什么是你的姓氏？What’s your _________ _________?2．她是我的朋友。她的名字叫玛丽。She is my friend. ________ name is Mary.3．我们的朋友不在中国。________ ________ aren’t in China.4．他的姓氏是米勒。(be)____________________________ Miller. 5．她是他的妹妹吗?（his）________ ________ ________ ________?6．我看不到我的绿色尺子。I can’t see ________ ________ ruler.7．她的电话号码是多少? What’s ________ ________ number?8．我妹妹的名字叫吉娜。________ ________ name is Gina.9．我是一名中学生。I ________ a ________ ________ student.10．简是我的好朋友，我也是她的好朋友。Jane is my good friend and I ________ ________ good friend, too.11．你也姓布朗吗? ________ ________ family name Brown, too?12．我爸爸的电话号码是351-3075。________ father’s phone number ________351-3075.13．这些是我的朋友们。她们的名字是莉莉和苏珊。These are my friends. Their ________ ________ Lily and Susan.14．他不是杰夫。他的名字是鲍勃。________ is not Jeff. ________ name is Bob.15．他是她的弟弟。________ ________ ________ brother.二、划线部分提问1．My phone number is 281-9178. (对画线部分提问)_______ your phone number?2．His name is Alan. (对画线部分提问)_______ _______ name?3．His name is Li Lei.（划线部分提问）_____   _____ name?4．Her telephone number is 682-4696.（对划线部分提问）________ is ________ telephone number?三、同义句转化1．This ruler is hers. (变为同义句)This is ________ ________.2．I am Bill. (同义句转换）________ ________ is Bill.3．What’s the number of your telephone, please? (改为同义句)What’s_______ _______ _______, please?4．His name is Mike.（改为同义句）________ ________ Mike.四、改写句子1．I am a good boy. (改为否定句)________ ________ a good boy.2．This is my pencil.   (改为否定句)This   ________ ________ my pencil.3．This is a dog. (改为否定句)________ ________ a dog.五、书面表达假如你是Mike Smith，你的英语老师要求你们准备一份自我介绍。请你根据下面的卡片提示写一篇40词左右的英语短文介绍你自己。姓名:Mike Smith 电话号码:564⁃7318学生证号码:1510027634最喜欢的颜色:红色和白色_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________题组C  培优拔尖练一、单项选择1．（2022·吉林·中考真题）Mary has a brother, and ________ name is Bob.A．her B．its C．his2．（2017·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Are Tom and Lucy _______ good friends?—Yes, they are. Please look after _______.A．your；them B．your；their C．you；them D．yours；theirs3．（2017·四川广安·中考真题）—Is your father a doctor?—No, but ________ mother is.A．myself B．mine C．my D．me4．（2017·辽宁营口·中考真题）— Is this ________ jacket?— No, ________ is in my bag. Maybe it’s Mike’s.A．you；hers B．your；mine C．hers；your D．your；my5．（2019·四川甘孜·中考真题）—May I use ___________ dictionary, Wendy?—Of course. Here you are.A．you B．yours C．your6．（2019·广西梧州·中考真题）— Wendy, do you know the children over there?— Yes. ________ names are Annie and Anna?A．Her B．His C．Theirs D．Their7．（2021·广西梧州·中考真题）—Excuse me, is this ________ car?—No, it isn’t. Mine is over there.A．my B．your C．his D．her8．（2021·辽宁大连·中考真题）Mike moved to China with _________ family two years ago.A．he B．him C．his D．himself9．（2021·天津·中考真题）Mike’s aunt is ________ English teacher. We all like ________.A．our; she B．our; her C．we; he D．we; her10．（2019·四川巴中·中考真题）—Lily, is this ________ dictionary? —No. ________ is in my schoolbag.A．your; Mine B．your; My C．you; Her D．yours; I11．（2017·广西桂林·中考真题）Miss Li is________ teacher.A．they B．their C．them12．（2020·四川雅安·中考真题）That boy is from Canada. ________ name is Tom.A．Her B．His C．Your D．My13．（2018·河北·中考真题）Please come in, Alice. Welcome to _________ house.A．her B．his C．my D．your14．（2020·广西玉林·中考真题）—Susan, is that watch on the desk____________?—No, it isn't____________ watch. It must be Brian's.A．yours; my B．your; mine C．your; my D．yours; mine15．（2020·湖北黄石·中考真题）—Jenny, is this ________ cat?—No. ________is white.A．you; My B．your; Mine C．your; My D．yours; Mine16．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Everyone ________ here. Let’s go.A．am B．are C．is17．（2020·黑龙江·中考真题）Spending time with families ________ the happiest thing.A．are B．is C．be18．（2021·黑龙江大庆·二模）Mom, my shoes ________ too small. Can you buy me a new ________?A．is；one B．are；ones C．are；pair D．is；pair二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1．（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Xiaoming, can you come to ________ (I) birthday party?2．（2018·广西·中考真题）My cousin has a pet dog.____________________ (it) name is Wangwang.3．（2017·西藏·中考真题）________ (not be) late for class, please.三、将所给单词连成句子1．（2022·河北·模拟预测）are, why, you, late_________________________?2．（2021·广西柳州·三模）am, I, fifteen（我十五岁。）_________________________.3．（2022·河北·邯郸市邯山区芳园实验中学一模）like, what, you, color, do___________________________________?4．（2022·河北张家口·一模）is, plan, what, your____________________________________?5．（2022·河北石家庄·一模）are, people, what, those, doing__________________________________________?6．（2022·河北·威县第三中学模拟预测）do, what, I, for, can, you   _______________________________________________?四、书面表达（2021·全国·七年级专题练习）请以My best friend 为题写一篇短文介绍一下你的好朋友，不少于5句话。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________