英语-2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷A（北京专用）

绝密★考试结束前

2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷A（北京专用）

英语

（考试时间：90分钟  试卷满分：100分）

注意事项：

1、本试卷共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。

2、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 知识运用(共两节， 30 分)

第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be ____1____ when you are not busy finding fault with it.

Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always bothered by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and ____2____ was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really boring person.

Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her ____3____. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost ____4____ to deal with was that the day before the accident, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her choice of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to ____5____. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to ____6____ everything so harshly (刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.

Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, ____7____ when we’re honest, we can be sharply critical of the world. I’m not suggesting you ignore problems, or that you ____8____ things are better than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are— ____9____ most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big deal.

Train yourself to “bite your tongue”, and with a little _____10_____, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.

1．A．lonely B．great C．quiet D．uneasy

2．A．anything B．everything C．something D．nothing

3．A．attitude B．plan C．measure D．explanation

4．A．urgent B．unnecessary C．certain D．impossible

5．A．hear B．contribute C．express D．admit

6．A．discuss B．realize C．judge D．settle

7．A．so B．or C．but D．for

8．A．believe B．know C．doubt D．pretend

9．A．at least B．at last C．by far D．so far

10．A．practice B．speech C．rest D．pity

第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1  个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。

A

Marie Curie was born in Poland in the late 19th century. She was very clever when she was a little kid. Her parents thought she ____11____ (become) an outstanding woman, so they sent her abroad to study. In her twenties, she met Pierre Curie and they then married. Although having a very difficult time, they finally discovered the element ‘Radium’, for ____12____ she was awarded a Nobel Prize. Actually, she was the first woman ____13____ (win) the Nobel Prize twice.

B

My first class was math.I really like math.I went into the classroom and sat down at a desk in the second row right near the door. The girl named Pat__14__(leave) a deep impression on me. She was very friendly. She was also very__15__(forget). She forgot her pen, so she borrowed mine.She forgot her paper, so I__16__(give) her a sheet of paper. The one thing she didn’t forget was my name.We felt like friends already!

C

China’s latest optimization (优选) of its dynamic zero-COVID agreements will help the early renewal (恢复) of its civil aviation industry (民航业). Aiming for more ____17____ (science) and exact virus prevention, China introduced twenty steps last week ____18____ (improve) epidemic control, including cancelling the suspension (暂缓) of air carriers’ operations for two weeks when five or more passengers tested positive on ____19____ (land) in China. They also reduce COVID-19 quarantines (隔离期) for incoming ____20____ (visit) and close contacts from ten to eight days.

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节， 38 分)

第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

High school freshmen always have a lot of questions on their minds. “What can I do when I grow up?” is one of them. It's definitely not too early to start thinking about this tough question. The following tips may help equip you for your future career.

Think beyond grades

Getting good grades in high school is important, but focusing only on straight A's could go wrong. Spending too much time on your schoolwork will leave you little time to explore opportunities outside of the classroom. Extracurricular (课外的) activities are necessary because they serve as form of career exploration. They can help you figure out your work preferences, like whether you are a “people person (擅长交际的人)”or prefer to work alone. Nowadays, most well-known colleges care about candidates' experiences as much as their grades.

Seek advice from grown-ups

Talk to your parents, teachers and school counselors (顾问) about how they started their careers. Even though you're not interested in the careers they are in, it would be useful to learn about the process which got them where they are now. If you find your friend's' mother doing worthwhile job by chance, ask her if job shadowing (体验工作) is possible in her company during vacation After all, seeing a typical day in the position you have an interest in can be an invaluable experience.

Start your search online

If you really have no idea what you can do when you grow up, take online career quizzes to get ideas about what professions naturally match your skills, interests and personality traits (特点). For the time being, you just need to focus on finding a field or two that interests you, rather than a specific career. Chances are you'll change your mind several times before finding a career that you want to stick to. Starting to explore                career options now can at least help you decide what your potential major might be.

21．Spending some time taking part in after-school activities can help high school students        .

A．get A's in all subjects                       B．explore their work preferences

C．have access to well-known universities         D．get along with their classmates

22．It is suggested that high school students find out their       from online career quizzes.

A．possible professions   B．main disadvantages   C．specific occupations   D．ideal majors

23．This article was probably written by a          .

A．college professor   B．school counselor   C．advertising manager    D．computer programmer

B

It was Saturday. As always, it was a busy one, for “Six days shall you labor and do all your work” was taken seriously back then. Outside, Father and Mr. Patrick next door were busy chopping firewood. Inside their own houses, Mother and Mrs. Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning.

Somehow the boys had slipped away to the back lot with their kites. Now, even at the risk of having Brother caught to beat carpets, they had sent him to the kitchen for more string (线). It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today.

My mother looked at the sitting room, its furniture disordered for a thorough sweeping. Again she cast a look toward the window. “Come on, girls! Let’s take string to the boys and watch them fly the kites a minute.”

On the way we met Mrs. Patric, laughing guiltily as if she were doing something wrong, together with her girls.

There never was such a day for flying kites! We played all our fresh string into the boys’ kites and they went up higher and higher. We could hardly distinguish the orange-colored spots of the kites. Now and then we slowly pulled one kite back, watching it dancing up and down in the wind, and finally bringing it down to earth, just for the joy of sending it up again.

Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. “Perhaps it’s like this in the kingdom of heaven,” I thought confusedly.

It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to the houses. I suppose we had some sort of supper. I suppose there must have been surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was, we didn’t mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed. Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep “the things that cannot be and yet they are.”

The years went on, then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment, trying to get some work out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to “go park, see duck.”

“I can’t go!” I said. “I have this and this to do, and when I’m through I’ll be too tired to walk that far.”

My mother, who was visiting us, looked up from the peas she was shelling. “It’s a wonderful day,” she offered, “really warm, yet there’s a fine breeze. Do you remember that day we flew kites?”

I stopped in my dash between stove and sink. The locked door flew open and with it a rush of memories. “Come on,” I told my little girl. “You’re right, it’s too good a day to miss.”

Another decade passed. We were in the aftermath (余波) of a great war. All evening we had been asking our returned soldier, the youngest Patrick Boy, about his experiences as a prisoner of war. He had talked freely, but now for a long time he had been silent. What was he thinking of — what dark and horrible things?

“Say!” A smile sipped out from his lips. “Do you remember — no, of course you wouldn’t. It probably didn’t make the impression on you as it did on me.”

I hardly dared speak. “Remember what?”

“I used to think of that day a lot in POW camp (战俘营), when things weren’t too good. Do you remember the day we flew the kites?”

24．Mrs. Patrick was laughing guiltily because she thought ________.

A．she was too old to fly kites                   B．her husband would make fun of her

C．she should have been doing her housework then   D．her girls weren’t supposed to play the boy’s game

25．By “we were all beside ourselves” writer means that they all _________.

A．felt confused B．went wild with joy

C．looked on D．forgot their fights

26．Why did the writer finally agree to take her little girl for an outing?

A．She suddenly remembered her duty as a mother.   B．She was reminded of the day they flew kites.

C．She had finished her work in the kitchen.         D．She thought it was a great day to play outside.

27．The youngest Patrick boy is mentioned to show that ________.

A．the writer was not alone in treasuring her fond memories

B．his experience in POW camp threw a shadow over his life

C．childhood friendship means so much to the writer

D．people like him really changed a lot after the war

C

Electric Cars

Where do cars get their energy from? For most cars, the answer is petrol. But some cars use electricity. These cars have special motors that get their power from large batteries.

Most people tend to think of electric cars as a new invention, but they have been around for a long time. They were popular when the technology for petrol engines was not very advanced. Recently, electric cars have again become popular because people want cars that pollute less.

Electric cars are better than petrol cars in several ways. The biggest benefit is reduced pollution. In areas where there is a high percentage of electric cars, there is less pollution. But it is important to understand that electric cars still cause pollution. Remember that the electricity to power electric cars has to come from somewhere, which is most likely a power station. Unless these power stations run on solar or wind energy, they are most likely burning coal and oil to make electricity. The second benefit of electric cars is a reduction in the dependence on foreign oil.

There are several countries, including the United States, which don’t want to rely on oil coming from other countries to power their transportation systems. They want the power to come from within their country, and since electric cars can run on electricity from coal or nuclear power stations, there is less of a need to import oil.

Despite the benefits of electric cars, there are some problems with them as well. One disadvantage is that electric cars are more expensive than petrol cars. This is mostly due to the high cost of the batteries these cars need. Electric cars run on batteries, just like a mobile phone does. But unlike a mobile phone, you cannot charge your electric car’s battery by plugging it into a wall. They need to be charged in special places. Now, there is a lack of places where people can charge the batteries. Another problem is that electric cars cannot travel as far as petrol cars. Some people are afraid that the battery will run out of electricity (and the car will stop) before they reach their destination.

Despite these problems, many people, including automobile industry experts, believe that the percentage of electric cars will increase in the future.

28．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．Electric cars make some countries independent.    B．Electric cars cause no pollution to the environment.

C．Electric cars have some advantages over petrol cars. D．Electric cars need electricity from solar or wind energy.

29．Which of the following is not mentioned as the shortcomings of electric cars?

A．Electric cars need special motors to get power.     B．Petrol cars are cheaper than electric cars.

C．Petrol cars can travel farther than electric cars.     D．Electric cars need special places to get charged.

30．We can infer from the passage that _________.

A．electric cars will take the place of petrol cars       B．no one holds hope for electric cars at present

C．electric cars waste more energy than before        D．more and more people will use electric cars

D

Artificial intelligence is one of the most concentrated industries in the world, which influences education, criminal justice, hiring and welfare, But so far the industry has escapedregulation (管理), despite affecting the lives of billions of people, even when its products are potentially harmful.

The COVID-19 pandemic has sped this up. Many Al companies are now promoting emotion recognition tools (ERTs) for monitoring remote workers. These systems map the “micro-expressions”in people’s faces from their video cameras. Then they predict internal emotional states drawn from a list of supposedly universal categories: happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise and fear. However, there is scientific doubt whether emotional states are accurately detected at all. “It is not possible to confidently infer happiness from a smile, or sadness from a frown,” a 2019 review stated.

Resistance to this highly controversial (有争议的) technology is growing; the influential.

Brookings Institute suggested ERTs be banned completely from use by law. The European Union becomes the first to attempt a proposal to regulate AI, but the draft AI act has its problems. It would ban most “real-time” biometric ID (生物识别) systems — but fails to define what exactly real-time means.

Clearly, we need far stronger protections and controls that address such harmful effects on society. However, too many policymakers fall into the trap of “enchanted determinism”: the belief that AI systems are magical and superhuman — beyond what we can understand or regulate, yet decisive and reliable enough to make predictions about life-changing decisions. This effect drives a kind of techno-optimism that can directly endanger people’s lives. For example, a review in the British Medical Journal looked at 232 machine-learning algorithms (算法) for predicting outcomes for COVID-19 patients. It found that none of them were fit for clinical use. “I fear that they may have harmed patients,” said one of the authors.

Many countries have strict regulations and thorough testing when developing medicines and vaccines. The same should be true for AI systems, especially those having a direct impact on people’s lives.

31．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A．The COVTD-19 pandemic has sped up the regulation of AI.

B．The internal emotional states are only limited to six basic categories.

C．There is no reliable link between facial expressions and true feelings.

D．People’s micro-expressions accurately reveal their internal emotions.

32．Why does the author mention the problems of the draft AI act?

A．To show EU’s resistance to AI technology.     B．To show the difficulty in regulating AI.

C．To prove AI technology should be banned.     D．To prove the act is completely ineffective.

33．Which of the following is the effect of “enchanted determinism”？

A．It shakes people’s confidence in technology.      B．It enables people to correctly predict future.

C．It misleads policymakers in making decisions.    D．It helps predict outcomes for COVID-19 patients.

34．What is the best title of the article?

A．AI: Products in Demand                      B．AI: Strict Rules in Place

C．AI: Tight Control in Need                     D．AI: Technology in Danger

第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) has offered basic protective measures to the public against the virus.

1. Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based wipe if your hands are not visibly dirty.____35____

2. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing and sneezing.____36____. Throw the tissue immediately into a closed bin and clean hands with an alcohol-based wipe or soap and water.

3. Keep a distance of at least one meter between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing and having a fever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with respiratory(呼吸的) disease project(喷射) small drops containing the virus.____37____.

4. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with your contaminated(受污染的) hands, you can transfer the virus from the surface to yourself.

5. Tell your health care provider if you have traveled in an area where the epidemic (流行病) has been reported,or if you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms(症状).

6. Take general hygiene (卫生) measures when going to live animals markets or animal product markets.____38____. Avoid contacting with potentially contaminated animal wastes or the market facilities.(设施)

7.____39____. Handle raw meat, milk, or animal organs carefully to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food.

A．Avoid eating animal products

B．This helps know the virus if it’s on your hands

C．If you are too close, you can breathe in the virus

D．This helps remove the virus if it’s on your hands

E．Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products

F．Strictly avoid any contact with the animals at the market

G．If you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may infect other people

第三部分 书面表达(共两节， 32 分)

第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I’d never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30, and I’d been married for a year. I told my wife that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn’t work since most start-ups don’t and I wasn’t sure what to expect. She told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I had been a garage inventor. I had always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.

I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people and a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him that I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn’t already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I would regret trying and failing. And I suspected that I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.

After much consideration, I took the less secure path to follow my passion, and I’m proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.

40．What inspired the author to start Amazon 16 years ago?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

41．How did the author’s wife react to his idea of starting a company online?

________________________________________________________________________________________

42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

 When the author wanted to start a company online, his boss thought it a good idea and suitable for him.

________________________________________________________________________________________

43．Please introduce one of your experiences where passion(强烈的爱好，热爱) has played an important role. (about 40 words)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节(20 分)

假设你是李华，你的朋友Jim最近由于疫情，一直在家上网课，感觉很不适应，主要是自己自控力不强，上课容易走神。为此他写信向你寻求建议，以便帮助他改善目前的状况。请给他回信，帮助你的朋友摆脱这个问题，提高网课学习的效果。

要求：

1. 书写端正。

2. 字数 100 字左右。

Dear Jim,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

 Li Hua