英语-2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷A（上海专用）

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绝密★考试结束前
2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷A（上海专用）
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1． A．The taxi must have gone away already.
B．The man should not have left his phone in the taxi.
C．The man should go out and look for another taxi.
D．The taxi may still be waiting in line for customers.
【答案】D
【原文】
M: I think I left my phone in the taxi when I got out just now.
W: Well, the first thing I’d do is go out and look for the cab. There’s a chance it may have rejoined the queue.
Q: What does the woman mean?
2． A．Pan-fried salmon with pepper sauce, steamed vegetables with cheese sauce.
B．Pan-fried salmon with pepper sauce, steamed vegetables with no sauce.
C．Grilled salmon with pepper sauce, steamed vegetables with no sauce.
D．Grilled salmon with pepper sauce, steamed vegetables with cheese sauce.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: We have a pan-fried salmon with pepper sauce. It comes with steamed vegetables with cheese sauce.
M: I’ll have the salmon, but could it be grilled? The pepper sauce and the vegetables are fine, but I’d rather skip the cheese sauce.
Q: What does the man order?
3． A．530 yuan. B．440 yuan. C．1590 yuan. D．1320 yuan.
【答案】C
【原文】
M: Our twin and double rooms range from 530 yuan to 440 yuan. Rooms for 530 are all en-suite, with both shower and bath.
W: OK. We’d like a double with en-suite bathroom, for three nights.
Q: How much will the woman pay?
4． A．At a hotel. B．At a box office. C．At a restaurant. D．At a book shop.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: I’d like to book two seats for the 23rd. The evening show, please.
W: We’ve got Balcony, Upper Circle, Dress Circle, Stalls and Box Seats. For a seating plan, please look at this computer screen. Now, where would you like to sit?
Q: Where do you think this conversation is taking place?
5． A．2 hours. B．2 hours 10 minutes. C．2 hours 20 minutes. D．2 hours 25 minutes.
【答案】D
【原文】
M: Today’s lecture will be divided into three parts. Each part will be 40 minutes long, separated by two 10-minute breaks.
W: That’s good. And in the end we can leave 5 minutes extra for the audience to fill out a questionnaire.
Q: How long will the whole lecture last?
6． A．They are too expensive to eat.
B．They are not as healthy but they taste better.
C．Although they are a bit more expensive, they are tasty and good for your health.
D．Since they are more expensive, they must be healthy and tasty.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: I only eat free-range eggs. You know, those come from chickens that are not kept in small cages but are free to move around.
M: Although they are more expensive, they are also much healthier, and they taste better, too.
Q: What does the man think of free-range eggs?
7． A．Ma Chao’s achievement is just a coincidence.
B．Ma Chao’s employee evaluation report is too general.
C．Ma Chao is doing a good enough job to get promoted.
D．11 out of 12 projects Ma has worked on are quite successful.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: This is Ma Chao’s employee evaluation report. In general, I’d say it’s a strong review.
M: Yes. All 11, no, 12 of the projects he’s worked on have ended up producing very good results. This is more than just a coincidence. I think he deserves a promotion.
Q: What does the man mean?
8． A．Hiring more temporary staff.
B．Finding a consultant to get more advice.
C．Hiring more workers during the summer holidays.
D．Hiring more workers during the year-end holidays.
【答案】A
【原文】
M: To cut down on overtime work, we can hire extra hands during the busy year-end holidays when we have a sudden flood of business.
W: That’s true. It seems to happen during the summer holidays, too. I’ll see if I can find a consultant who can advise us on how to do that.
Q: What does the man suggest for cutting down on overtime work?
9． A．All the delivery cost will be covered by the woman.
B．All the delivery cost will be covered by the company.
C．The cost for the express mail will be covered by the company.
D．The cost for returning the goods will be covered by the woman.
【答案】B
【原文】
W: I ordered a red candleholder, but I received a white one. It’s a gift for a friend, and I need to take it to her birthday party three days from now.
M: I’m so sorry. If you could, please return the white one to us. We’ll ship you a red one by express mail. It will arrive in two days. And we will cover the delivery cost.
Q: Who will pay the delivery?
10、A．To extend the life spans of old people. B．To send nurses to people’s homes.
C．To increase old people’s years of activity. D．To instruct old people on healthy lifestyles.
【答案】A
【原文】
W: Oh, you are a home nursing care service company. So you send nurses to people’s homes, right?
M: Yes, but that’s just part of it. We also help nurses instruct old people on healthy lifestyles. We hope to increase their years of activity and good health and thereby extend their life spans.
Q: What is the main goal of this nursing home?
Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．Caribbean curry house. B．Old Montreal.
C．Notre-Dame Basilica. D．Rue St. Denis.
12．A．By bus. B．By taxi.
C．By metro. D．Walking.
13．A．The botanical garden. B．Notre-Dame Basilica.
C．The school for religious study. D．The art galleries and museums.
【答案】11．A    12．D    13．C
【原文】
There are marvelous restaurants for sure all over Montreal, and the good news is there are even several close to our headquarters and your hotel. If you’re looking for a light lunch, try the café across the street. You’ve got to get there early, though, because it closes at 3 p.m. There’s an excellent Caribbean curry house right next to our building, too.
If you really want to get out and about, you should grab a taxi or take the Metro and head downtown to visit the city’s famous botanical garden, art galleries and museums. Make sure to visit Old Montreal, which is not only the oldest part of the city but one of the oldest urban areas in North America. Once there, walking is by far the best and easiest way to get around. With the area’s cobblestone streets and historic buildings, you can almost imagine that you’re in Europe, eh?
Old Montreal’s most famous building is Notre-Dame Basilica, a major tourist stop. It’s a breath-taking church built sometime in the 1800s. Next to it is a school for religious study that was built in 1687. I always remember that date because it’s one of the oldest buildings in the city. Actually, it’s one of the oldest buildings in the country!
And if history isn’t your thing, there are plenty of places to go for dinner or a quiet drink. I’d suggest going to Rue St. Denis for that. Anyway, enjoy yourself!
Now listen again, please.
Questions:
11. Which place is suggested by the speaker for a light lunch?
12. What is the best way to get around Old Montreal?
13. Which of the following has the longest history?
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．The number of refugees is increasing sharply.
B．Most refugees cannot get necessary services.
C．Many refugee children cannot receive education.
D．More children cannot afford to go to university.
15．A．No host nations want to change education systems.
B．It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.
C．Parents can’t afford to send their kids to school.
D．The refugee population grows but there’s not enough money.
16．A．The necessity of education. B．The prohibition of child labor.
C．The victims of armed conflicts. D．The living conditions of the poor.
【答案】14．C    15．D    16．A
【原文】
According to a new report from the United Nations refugee agency, 3.7 million children under the U.N. agency’s care are unable to attend school. The situation gets worse as the children get older. The percentage drops from 50 percent for young children to 22 percent at secondary school age.
U.N. information also shows that only one percent of refugees attend a university, compared to 34 percent of the world’s population. As refugee children grow, their chances for education severely decrease.
The issue of providing refugees with an education is more difficult because of the expanding population and a lack of necessary financing. According to the U.N. report, the population of school-age children grew by 30 percent in 2014. That number requires an extra 20,000 teachers.
Many host nations already struggle to provide simple, but necessary services for refugees. But now, they must also find a place to hold classes and a way to purchase additional school supplies.
The report also discusses the helpful effects of education, saying it helps children avoid child labor and membership in armed groups. It also said that not providing schooling only extends conflict and leads to more people being homeless.
Questions:
14. What is the problem mentioned in the U.N. report?
15. Why is it more difficult to give refugees an education?
16. Which of the following issues is discussed in the report?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．She was speeding. B．She turned right on a red light.
C．One of her brake lights was not working. D．She crashed into two other vehicles.
18．A．30 kilometers per hour. B．40 kilometers per hour.
C．60 kilometers per hour. D．70 kilometers per hour.
19．A．The radar. B．The left brake light.
C．The right brake light. D．The dashboard (仪表盘).
20．A．He took the woman to court for speeding in no time.
B．He helped the woman get her brake light fixed in a nearby garage.
C．He gave the woman a quick warning for speeding and having a broken brake light.
D．He gave the woman a speeding ticket and a warning about the brake light.
【答案】17．A    18．A    19．C    20．D
【原文】
M: Good afternoon, ma’am. Do you know why I stopped you?
W: I’m sorry. I usually never turn right on a red light. But I’m late for my son’s wedding!
M: You turned right when the traffic light was red?
W: Yes, but just this once. I’m so sorry!
M: Actually, ma’am, you can turn right on a red light, as long as it’s safe to do so. That’s not why I stopped you. 17. There are two reasons I pulled you over. One is that you were speeding. Do you know how fast you were driving?
W: It seemed like a reasonable speed. Isn’t the limit about 60 kilometers per hour on streets like this one?
M: 18. I just clocked you at 70 kilometers per hour, ma’am. And the limit here is 40.
W: Are you sure? I thought I was just driving at the same speed as the other cars.
M: No, ma’am. My radar doesn’t lie, and I also have a dashboard video. It will show that you weaved (绕来绕去，穿行) dangerously past two other vehicles that were driving at the speed limit. I’m going to have to write you a speeding ticket. Now, 19. the other reason I stopped you is that your right brake light is out (=out of work 不工作). Only the left one went on when you braked.
W: Oh, no! Couldn’t you just give me a quick warning for the speeding and the brake light? I usually never speed, but I’m on my way to my son’s wedding!
M: I understand. 20. I will give you a warning about the brake light, but you will have to get that fixed right away. There’s a garage over there. As for the speeding ticket … You’ll have plenty of opportunity to dispute (争论，对……表示异议) that later on in court if you choose.
W: Oh, but I am only here for my son’s wedding!
M: I understand your problem, but are you finished talking now? I will go ahead and write out the ticket so that I can get on with my own job.
W: Yes, yes. Go ahead and write me a ticket. I am really sorry.
Questions:
17. What was the first reason that the policeman stopped the woman?
18. How much did the woman drive over the speed limit?
19. Which part of the woman’s car is not working?
20. How did the policeman finally deal with the woman’s violation?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Being the head of a high school for many years, I grew tired of budget meetings, funding cuts, and many other administrative chores. I started to dream of retirement. Sitting in traffic on a weekday morning, I would find my mind ____21____ (wander). I would imagine spending time ____22____ my grandchildren, traveling with my wife, or rediscovering some great books. I told myself that I wouldn’t sign myself up for any committees, any classes, or anything requiring a schedule.
My first day of retirement came at last! I cooked a great breakfast for my wife and me, leisurely read the paper, ____23____ (clean) a bit of the house, and wrote a few e-milsto friends. On the second day, I cooked breakfast, read the paper … On the third day, …This is retirement? I tried to tell myself that it was just the transition, that those golden moments were right round the corner, and that I would enjoy them soon enough. But ____24____ was missing.
A former colleague asked a favor. A group of students was going to Jamaica to work with children in the poorest neighborhoods. Would I interrupt my newfound “happiness” and return to the students, just this once? One trip. That’s all. My bags ____25____ (pack) and by the door.
The trip was very inspiring. I was deeply moved not only by the poverty I saw but also by the sense of responsibility of the young people on the trip. ____26____ I returned home, I offered to work one day a week with a local youth organization. The experience was so positive that I was soon volunteering nearly full-time, ____27____ (work) with students across North America to assist them in their voluntary work.
Now, it seems that the tables have turned. Some days I am the teacher, other days I am the student. These young people have reawakened my responsibility for social justice issues by challenging me to learn more about the situation in the world today, ____28____ people are still poor and suffer a lot because ____29____ greed, corruption and war. Most importantly, they have given me the opportunity to continue to participate in helping ____30____ (find) solutions. In return, I help them do their charitable projects overseas. I’ve gone from running one school to helping oversee the construction of schools in over twenty countries!
【参考答案】
21． wandering    22．with     23．cleaned     24．something     25．were packed    
26．When     27．working     28．where     29．of     30．find/to find
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在退休后去牙买加帮助最贫困社区的孩子的经历。
【详情解析】
21．【wandering】考查非谓语动词。句意：在工作日的早晨，坐在车里，我会发现自己在走神。find sb. doing是固定短语，意为“发现某人正在做某事”，因此空格处是wandering。故填wandering。
22．【with】考查介词。句意：我会想象和我的孙子孙女们在一起，和我的妻子一起旅行，或者重新发现一些伟大的书籍。spend time with sb.是固定短语，意为“与某人共度时光”，因此空格处用介词with，故填with。
23．【cleaned】考查时态。句意：我为妻子和我做了一顿丰盛的早餐，悠闲地看了看报纸，打扫了一下房间，给朋友们写了几封电子邮件。cooked，read，clean和wrote是并列的动作，根据cooked可知，空格处也用过去式，句子时态是一般过去时，故填cleaned。
24．【something】考查不定代词。句意：但是缺少了一些东西。根据语境可知，句子表示“但是缺少了一些东西”，空格处意为“某些东西”，是something。故填something。
25．【were packed】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我的行李已经收拾好放在门口了。bags和pack是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语bags是复数，因此空格处是were packed。故填were packed。
26．【When】考查连词。句意：回国时，我主动提出每周为当地的一个青年组织工作一天。根据语境可知，句子表示“回国时，我主动提出每周为当地的一个青年组织工作一天”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，用when引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填When。
27．【working】考查非谓语动词。句意：这段经历是如此的积极，以至于我很快就成为了几乎全职的志愿者，与北美各地的学生一起帮助他们完成志愿工作。that从句中的谓语是was soon volunteering，空格处用非谓语动词，I和work之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填working。
28．【where】考查定语从句。句意：这些年轻人重新唤醒了我对社会正义问题的责任，让我更加了解当今世界的情况，人们仍然贫穷，由于贪婪、腐败和战争而遭受许多苦难。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词situation是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
29．【of】考查固定短语。句意：这些年轻人重新唤醒了我对社会正义问题的责任，让我更加了解当今世界的情况，人们仍然贫穷，由于贪婪、腐败和战争而遭受许多苦难。根据语境可知，句子表示“这些年轻人重新唤醒了我对社会正义问题的责任，让我更加了解当今世界的情况，人们仍然贫穷，由于贪婪、腐败和战争而遭受许多苦难”，空格处意为“因为”，空格后是名词greed，因此“因为”用because of，故填of。
30．【(to) find】考查固定短语。句意：最重要的是，他们给了我继续参与帮助寻找解决方案的机会。help (to) do是固定短语，意为“帮助做某事”，因此空格处是(to) find。故填(to) find。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A． celebrated    B．ideals     C．currently    D．enlarged E. formerly    F. incomparable    
G. laid     H. referred I. restored     J. scale      K. seat
If you only had an afternoon to experience London on a grand ___31___, the Houses of Parliament, also called Palace of Westminster would be a wise place to start. The ___32___ of the bicameral (两院制的) Parliament including the House of Commons and the House of Lords, is located on the left bank of the River Thames in the borough of Westminster, London.A royal palace was said to have existed at the site under the Danish king of England Canute. The building, however, spoken of by William Fitzstephen as a(n) “___33___ structure,” was built for Edward the Confessor in the 11th century and ___34___ by William I (the Conqueror). In 1512 the palace suffered greatly from fire and thereafter ceased to be used as a royal residence. A fire in 1834 destroyed the whole palace except the historic Westminster Hall, the Jewel Tower, the cloisters, and the crypt of St. Stephen’s Chapel.
Sir Charles Barry, assisted by A．W.N. Pugin, designed the present buildings in the Gothic Revival style. Construction was begun in 1837, the cornerstone was ___35___ in 1840, and work was finished in 1860. The Commons Chamber was burned out in one of the numerous air raids that targeted London during World War II, but it was ___36___ and reopened in 1950. The House of Lords is an ornate chamber 97 feet in length; the Commons is 70 feet long. The southwestern Victoria Tower is 336 feet high. The Elizabeth Tower, ___37___ St. Stephen’s Tower, about 320 feet in height, contains the famous tower clock Big Ben. Along with Westminster Abbey and St, Margaret’s Church, the Houses of Parliament were named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987, as symbols of spiritual and democratic ___38___.
The Palace is one of the centers of political life in the United Kingdom; “Westminster” has become a metaphor for the UK Parliament and the British Government. The Elizabeth Tower, in particular, often ___39___ to by the name of its main bell, Big Ben, has become an iconic landmark of London and of the United Kingdom in general, one of the most ____40____ tourist attractions in the city, and a symbol of parliamentary democracy.
【参考答案】
31．J    32．K    33．F    34．D    35．G    36．I    37．E    38．B    39．H    40．A
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国最著名的景点之一威斯敏斯特宫。
【详情解析】
31．【J】考查名词。句意：如果你只有一个下午的时间来大体上体验伦敦，议会大厦，也称为威斯敏斯特宫，将是一个明智的开始。根据句意“大体上”可知，句中涉及固定短语“on a grand scale”，意为“大体上”，故空格处应用“scale”，意为“规模，范围”，名词词性。故选J项。
32．【K】考查名词。句意：包括下议院和上议院在内的两院制议会的所在地位于伦敦威斯敏斯特行政区的泰晤士河左岸。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作主语，根据句意“所在地”可知，空格处应用“seat”，意为“所在地”，名词词性。故选K项。
33．【F】考查形容词。句意：然而，威廉·菲茨斯特芬称这座建筑为“无与伦比的建筑”，是11世纪为忏悔者爱德华建造的，由征服者威廉一世扩建。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作定语，根据句意“无与伦比的”可知，空格处应用“incomparable”，意为“无与伦比的”，形容词词性。故选F项。
34．【D】考查动词和被动语态。句意：然而，威廉·菲茨斯特芬称这座建筑为“无与伦比的建筑”，是11世纪为忏悔者爱德华建造的，由征服者威廉一世扩建。根据句意“扩建”可知，空格处涉及单词“enlarge”，意为“扩大”，动词词性，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，故空格处应用“enlarge”的过去分词“enlarged”。故选D项。
35．【G】考查动词和被动语态。句意：1837年开始动工，1840年奠基，1860年完工。根据句意“奠基”可知，空格处涉及单词“lay”，意为“放置”，动词词性，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，故空格处应用“lay”的过去分词“laid”。故选G项。
36．【I】考查动词和被动语态。句意：在第二次世界大战期间针对伦敦的多次空袭中，下议院被烧毁，但它于1950年被修复并重新开放。根据句意“修复”可知，空格处涉及单词“restore”，意为“修复”，动词词性，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，故空格处应用“restore”的过去分词“restored”。故选I项。
37．【E】考查副词。句意：伊丽莎白塔，原名圣斯蒂芬塔，高约320英尺，内有著名的塔钟大本钟。根据句意可知，圣斯蒂芬塔是伊丽莎白塔的原名，故空格处应用“formerly”，意为“以前，从前”，副词词性，在句中作状语。故选E项。
38．【B】考查名词。句意：1987年，议会大厦与威斯敏斯特教堂和圣玛格丽特教堂一起被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，作为精神和民主理想的象征。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作宾语，根据句意“理想”可知，空格处应用“ideals”，意为“理想”，为“ideal”的复数形式，名词词性。故选B项。
39．【H】考查非谓语动词。句意：特别是伊丽莎白塔，通常以其主钟大本钟的名字被提及，它已成为伦敦和整个英国的标志性地标，是该市最著名的旅游景点之一，也是议会民主的象征。根据句意“提及”可知，句中涉及短语“refer to”，意为“提及，提到”，句中有谓语动词“has become”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“The Elizabeth Tower”和“refer”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“refer”的过去分词“referred”，作后置定语。故选H项。
40．【A】考查形容词。句意：特别是伊丽莎白塔，通常以其主钟大本钟的名字被提及，它已成为伦敦和整个英国的标志性地标，是该市最著名的旅游景点之一，也是议会民主的象征。分析句子可知，“tourist attractions”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，根据句意“最著名的”可知，空格处应用“celebrated”，意为“著名的”，形容词词性。故选A项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What do celebrities do, thus always looking so amazing?
Jennifer Aniston swears by her “wonder smoothie” for a better body, Liv Tyler ____41____ green juice for clearer skin, and Victoria Beckham is said to ____42____ her slim figure by sticking to a strict gluten-free diet.
____43____ these beauty secrets may sound tempting, our advice is to wait a second before you try them. Health experts warn that celebrities’ beauty ____44____ do not work for everyone, and, if used in the wrong way, could ____45____ harm your skin.
US actress Jennifer Aniston is the envy of women worldwide with charming appearance. So when fashion magazine Grazia earlier this year revealed that the ____46____ to Aniston’s ageless beauty was a “wonder smoothie”, the drink became popular.
A source told the magazine that the drink is ____47____ fresh, organic vegetables — beetroot, cucumbers, spinach, garlic, carrots, celery and kale. The star drinks ____48____ else on one day every week to purify her body.
If you’re doing it Aniston-style and eating ____49____ for most of the week, it probably won’t do you any serious harm, but a juice fast(禁食期；斋戒期) that ____50____ a couple of weeks, or even just several days, could do you more harm than ____51____, said health experts.
As soon as you pulp(将……捣成浆) any fruit or vegetable, you ____52____ all the fibre(纤维素) in them. “With no fibre in your ____53____, even after a couple of days, constipation(便秘) will become a problem, and in the long term, your cholesterol levels(胆固醇水平) could be ____54____ as fibre helps keep them low, ”Natalie Jones of the British Dietetic Association told the Daily Mail.
If that’s not ____55____ enough, you could also find your hair starting to fall out two to three months later, warned hair care expert Philip Kingsley.
41．A．gives out B．relies on C．takes over D．sets up
42．A．continue B．watch C．lose D．maintain
43．A．When B．As C．While D．Once
44．A．results B．tips C．comments D．complaints
45．A．properly B．necessarily C．actually D．helplessly
46．A．motto B．solution C．secret D．clue
47．A．made up of B．devoted to C．opposed to D．faced with
48．A．everything B．none C．nothing D．anything
49．A．swiftly B．normally C．powerfully D．immediately
50．A．lasts B．fills C．operates D．opens
51．A．advantages B．benefit C．interest D．harm
52．A．expand B．manage C．serve D．lose
53．A．rice B．diet C．product D．menu
54．A．loosened B．affected C．strengthened D．contained
55．A．discouraging B．amazing C．inspiring D．appealing
【参考答案】
41．B    42．D    43．C    44．B   45．C    46．C    47．A    48．C    49．B    50．A    51．B    52．D    53．B    54．B   55．A
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了明星的瘦身食谱对于大部分人来说是不可取的，如果长期按照他们的饮食方式来吃，会对身体造成伤害。
【详情解析】
41．【B】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jennifer Aniston发誓说她的“神奇冰沙”能保持好身材，Liv Tyler依靠绿色果汁来清洁皮肤，据说Victoria Beckham坚持严格的无麸质饮食来保持苗条的身材。A. gives out分发；B. relies on依靠；C. takes over接管；D. sets up建立。根据上下文可知，本段主要讲述一些女明星依靠什么方式来让自己看起来美，故选B。
42．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. continue继续；B. watch观看；C. lose失去；D. maintain保持，维持。根据“by sticking to a strict gluten-free diet”可知，坚持严格的无麸质饮食是为了保持苗条的身材，故选D。
43．【C】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然这些美容秘诀听起来很诱人，但我们的建议是，在尝试之前先等一等。A. When当……时；B. As因为，尽管；C. While尽管，虽然；D. Once一旦。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，故用while引导让步状语从句，as也有“尽管”之意，但引导让步状语从句时需要倒装，故选C。
44．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康专家警告说，明星的美容建议并不适用于所有人，如果使用不当，实际上可能会伤害你的皮肤。A. results结果；B. tips建议；C. comments评论；D. complaints抱怨。根据第一段的内容可知，所列举的是三个名人保持美丽的方法，所以此处指“明星的美容建议”，故选B。
45．【C】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. properly适当地；B. necessarily必要地；C. actually实际上；D. helplessly无助地。根据语境及空后“harm your skin”可知，明星的美容建议并不适用于所有人，如果使用不当，实际上可能会伤害你的皮肤，故选C。
46．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，今年早些时候，当时尚杂志Grazia披露了Aniston永葆青春的秘诀是一杯“神奇冰沙”时，这种饮料开始流行起来。A. motto座右铭；B. solution解决办法；C. secret秘密；D. clue线索。根据上文“____43____ these beauty secrets may sound tempting”可知，secret是原词复现，故选C。
47．【A】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位知情人士告诉该杂志，这款饮料由新鲜的有机蔬菜制成——甜菜根、黄瓜、菠菜、大蒜、胡萝卜、芹菜和羽衣甘蓝。A. made up of由……组成；B. devoted to专心于，献身于； C. opposed to反对；D. faced with面对。根据空后“fresh, organic vegetables — beetroot, cucumbers, spinach, garlic, carrots, celery and kale”可知，此处是指神奇果蔬汁由很多有机蔬菜汁组成，故选A。
48．【C】考查代词词义辨析。句意：这位明星每周都有一天不喝别的饮料来净化身体。A. everything一切；B. none没有一个；C. nothing没有什么；D. anything任何事情。根据 “purify her body”可知，为了净化身体，这个明星除了神奇果蔬汁外其他什么也没吃，none强调数量上没有一个，此处指“不喝别的东西”，应用nothing，故选C。
49．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：健康专家说，如果你采用的是Aniston式的禁食方式，而且一周大部分时间都在正常饮食，可能不会对你造成任何严重伤害，但持续几周、甚至只是几天的果汁禁食期，对你的伤害可能大于益处。A. swiftly敏捷地；B. normally正常地；C. powerfully有力地，强大地；D. immediately立即。根据“it probably won’t do you any serious harm”及下文内容可知，此处是指大部分时间正常饮食，对身体不会有很大伤害，与下文提到的“长时间的禁食期会有害”形成对比，故选B。
50．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lasts持续；B. fills（使）充满；C. operates操作；D. opens打开。根据空后“a couple of weeks, or even just several days”可知，此处是指如果只喝神奇果汁的情况持续一段时间，就会有不好的结果，故选A。
51．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advantages优势；B. benefit益处，好处；C. interest兴趣；D. harm伤害。此处和“harm”形成对比，指伤害可能大于益处，故选B。
52．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你把任何水果或蔬菜捣成浆，你就失去了它们所有的纤维。A. expand扩大；B. manage管理，控制；C. serve服务；D. lose失去。根据下文的“With no fibre”可知，把水果或蔬菜捣成浆后，纤维就会流失，故选D。
53．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国饮食协会的Natalie Jones在接受《每日邮报》采访时表示：“如果你的饮食中没有纤维，即使是几天之后，便秘也会成为一个问题。从长远来看，你的胆固醇水平会受到影响，因为纤维有助于保持低胆固醇水平。”A. rice大米，米饭；B. diet饮食；C. product产品；D. menu菜单。根据上下文可知，此处是探讨饮食问题，指饮食中没有纤维会导致很多问题，故选B。
54．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. loosened（使）变松；B. affected影响；C. strengthened加强；D. contained包含。根据“as fibre helps keep them low”可知，纤维是帮助降低胆固醇的，如果饮食中没有纤维，胆固醇会受到影响。故选B。
55．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：头发护理专家Philip Kingsley警告说，如果这还不够令人沮丧，你
还会发现你的头发在两到三个月后开始脱落。A. discouraging令人沮丧；B. amazing惊人的，了不起的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. appealing吸引人的。上文主要讲述了不摄入纤维对人体的负面影响，故此处用“令人沮丧的”符合语境，故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Hot Air Balloon Sydney For 2, Weekend Flight includes FULL GOURMET BREAKFAST

Item: HO12955TA
Location: Windsor Sydney
Our Price: $299
(per person for groups of 2)
•Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 (there will be others in the balloon basket with you) •NOTHING MORE TO PAY ON THE DAY! YOUR FULL GOURMET BREAKFAST IS INCLUDED IN THE PRICE
•Travel with the Tourism Award winners with over 20 years of experience
•Float over beautiful Hawkesbury Valley
•Color flight certificate
Experience the wonder of a Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 people. Rising before dawn, you can join the crew in unpacking and preparing the balloon for flight—which is a spectacle in itself! After an exciting launch, you’ll drift with the wind silently over the parklands, homes and hills of the Hawkesbury region of Sydney.
Hot Air Ballooning begins in the cool, still hours of the early morning, when the air is more stable. The launch site, determined by the weather on the morning, will be in or around the beautiful Hawkesbury Valley. The adventure begins by inflating (使…充气) the balloon using a giant portable fan. Once the balloon starts to take shape the burner is lit, heating the air inside. The hot air inside is lighter than the cool air outside and this is what creates the lift and why it is called a Hot Air Balloon. Passengers are welcome to assist the pilot and crew with inflating the hot air balloon at the launch site, which only takes about 20 minutes.
The Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 is both quaint and peaceful. You hear very little sound from the awakening world below. The silence is only broken with blasts from the propane burner heating the air in your balloon to keep you cruising across the skies. Watch as the sun bursts from the horizon and paints the sky pink in a spectacular morning sunrise. To top off the morning you’ll celebrate with a full gourmet breakfast. This adventure is for 2 people.
There will be other people in the balloon basket with you.
Hot Air Balloon flights take place at sunrise. The exact time of your Hot Air Balloon flight experience will vary based upon the time of year and will be sent to you upon booking.
56．The price $299 includes ________.
A．tips for the Tourism Award winners B．full gourmet breakfast
C．two persons’ Hot Air Balloon Flight D．the accident insurance of the participants
57．Why does Hot Air Ballooning begin before dawn?
A．Tourists needn’t queue for the flight.
B．The air at that time is cooler and more stable.
C．Tourists can see the spectacular sunrise in the sky.
D．Travelers have to start the adventure with their stomach empty.
58．Which of the following statement is True?
A．The people in the basket are all tourists.
B．The burner is off after the balloon is launched.
C．The balloon is launched at the fixed time and place.
D．Those who have experienced the flight can get a certificate.
【参考答案】
56．B    57．B    58．D
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇应用文。介绍的是悉尼热气球双人版周末空中旅行活动的相关情况。
【详情解析】
56．【B】细节理解题。根据文中“NOTHING MORE TO PAY ON THE DAY! YOUR FULL GOURMET BREAKFAST IS INCLUDED IN THE PRICE.(当天没有什么可支付的了！房价包含全套美味早餐)”可知，299美元的套餐费用包含了所有空中飞行的费用。故选B项。
57．【B】细节理解题。根据题干信息，可以发现本题的相关信息在倒数第三段中的首句“Hot Air Ballooning begins in the cool, still hours of the early morning, when the air is more stable.(热气球开始于清晨凉爽、静止的几个小时，此时空气更稳定)”可知，在黎明时分起飞是气温低，空气更稳定。故选B项。
58．【D】细节理解题。根据“•Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 (there will be others in the balloon basket with you).(2人热气球飞行（气球篮里还有其他人）)”可知，除了游客，还有其他人员，故A项错误；根据“Once the balloon starts to take shape the burner is lit, heating the air inside. The hot air inside is lighter than the cool air outside and this is what creates the lift and why it is called a Hot Air Balloon.(一旦气球开始成形，燃烧器就会被点燃，加热内部的空气。里面的热空气比外面的冷空气轻，这就是产生升力的原因，也是为什么它被称为热气球)”讲述的热气球升空的简单原理可知，热气球升起是靠着燃烧器加热，所以不能熄灭，故B项错误；根据“The launch site, determined by the weather on the morning, will be in or around the beautiful Hawkesbury Valley.(发射场由早上的天气决定，将在美丽的霍克斯伯里山谷内或周围)”可知，热气球的发射地点是因天气而变，所以C项错误；根据“Color flight certificate(彩色飞行证书)”以及上面的排除结果，可知D项正确。故选D项。
B
By the twentieth century, New York City had long since reached its destiny of becoming the most powerful city in America. In less than 300 years it had grown from a tiny Dutch outpost in the wilderness to the business capital of the world. It was a city built on dreams,
But it was made out of bricks and cement that had come from the banks of the Hudson. The river which had fed all those dreams was now fading into the background. New York didn’t seem to need the river anymore, except as a sewer. And that’s what it became.
Industry on the river had made some New Yorkers filthy rich. But it had just made the river filthy. Garbage, factory waste, plant chemicals and the raw sewage of the cities and towns along its banks were dumped directly into the river. The water turned greenish brown, except by the GM plant, where it turned red or yellow or whatever color they were painting the cars that day.
The fishing industry collapsed. The few fish that survived were too poisonous to eat. Smog from the factory smoke and dust from the cement plants blanketed the valley. And it was all legal.
Most people don’t start out which dreams of polluting a river. But it was often the result of people chasing their dreams of wealth with little care of how they reached it. The Hudson Valley had always drawn them.
But now there were other dreamers in the valley, with their own dreams of wealth. They dreamed of the wealth of wildlife in a healthy forest, the abundance of fish in oxygen—rich water, and the great fortune of living in a beautiful river valley.
So perhaps it was a matter of time before the two types of dreamers would meet each other—in court. In 1963, Con Edison, New York City’s power company, proposed a plan for constructing the largest hydroelectric pumping station ever built. The plan called for carving out a gigantic hole in the side of majestic Storm King Mountain on the Hudson River.
But then they met Franny Reese, a longtime valley resident with a simple point to make: the mountain could not speak for itself. If she didn’t speak for it, who would?
Franny and a group of like—minded people founded Scenic Hudson and took on the power company in a landmark court case. Con Ed challenged the right of private citizens to participate, but the court sided with the citizens, in the ruling now known as the Scenic Hudson Decision.
After dragging out the case for seven years, Con Ed finally gave up and Storm King survived unblemished. It was the beginning of the environmental movement in this country, and and again, the Hudson Valley was the birthplace.
59．According to the first two paragraphs, the Hudson River that once helped realize people’s dreams was now ______.
A．disappearing from view
B．losing its importance in people’s minds
C．moving farther and farther away from the city
D．remaining important only to those who want to seek their fortune
60．Which of the following is NOT the factor contributing to the pollution of the river?
A．The automotive plant. B．The raw sewage.
C．The fishing industry. D．The cement plants.
61．What does the underlined word “unblemished” probably mean?
A．Unaware. B．Unknown. C．Unharmed. D．Unstable.
62．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Scenic Hudson may be an environmental organization that protects the Hudson River.
B．Con Ed and Franny Reese settled the case out of court.
C．Two types of dreamers signed an agreement in court.
D．The Hudson Valley, once a magnet for dreamers, is now completely abandoned.
【参考答案】
59．B    60．C    61．C    62．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述曾经帮助美国实现梦想的哈德逊河流遭受严重的污染，但是现在住在山谷里的梦想家们开始反抗，争取权益保护哈德逊河，开启环保运动。
【详情解析】
59．【B】细节理解题。根据第一二段，尤其是第二段“But it was made out of bricks and cement that had come from the banks of the Hudson. The river which had fed all those dreams was now fading into the background. New York didn’t seem to need the river anymore, except as a sewer. And that’s what it became. (但它是用来自哈德逊河岸的砖块和水泥建造的。哺育了所有这些梦想的河流，现在渐渐消失在背景之中。纽约似乎不再需要这条河了，除了用作下水道。这就是后来的情况。)”可知，曾经帮助人们实现梦想的河流现在好像不那么重要了，故选B。
60．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段“But it had just made the river filthy. Garbage, factory waste, plant chemicals and the raw sewage of the cities and towns along its banks were dumped directly into the river. The water turned greenish brown, except by the GM plant, where it turned red or yellow or whatever color they were painting the cars that day. (垃圾、工厂废料、工厂化学品和河岸城镇的未经处理的污水被直接排入河中。水变成了绿棕色，除了通用汽车的工厂，在那里它变成了红色或黄色，或者他们那天给汽车涂的任何颜色。)”和第四段“The fishing industry collapsed. The few fish that survived were too poisonous to eat. Smog from the factory smoke and dust from the cement plants blanketed the valley. And it was all legal. (渔业崩溃了。幸存下来的几条鱼毒性太大，无法食用。来自工厂的烟雾和水泥厂的灰尘覆盖了整个山谷。)”可知汽车工厂，未经处理的污水和水泥厂都给河流造成了污染，所以渔业不是污染河流的因素，故选C。
61．【C】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Franny and a group of like—minded people founded Scenic Hudson and took on the power company in a landmark court case. Con Ed challenged the right of private citizens to participate, but the court sided with the citizens, in the ruling now known as the Scenic Hudson Decision.(弗兰妮和一群志同道合的人成立了Scenic Hudson，并在一场具有里程碑意义的法庭案件中起诉了这家电力公司。Con Ed挑战了普通公民的参与权，但法院站在了公民一边，这一裁决现在被称为哈德逊风景决定(Scenic Hudson Decision)。)”及划线处上文“After dragging out the case for seven years, Con Ed finally gave up(在拖延了7年之后，Con Ed最终放弃了)”可推知Storm King安然无恙地活了下来，故unblemished意为“安然无恙的，没有受到损害的”，和unharmed同义，故选C。
62．【A】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Franny and a group of like—minded people founded Scenic Hudson and took on the power company in a landmark court case. Con Ed challenged the right of private citizens to participate, but the court sided with the citizens, in the ruling now known as the Scenic Hudson Decision.(弗兰妮和一群志同道合的人成立了Scenic Hudson，并在一场具有里程碑意义的法庭案件中起诉了这家电力公司。Con Ed挑战了普通公民的参与权，但法院站在了公民一边，这一裁决现在被称为哈德逊风景决定(Scenic Hudson Decision)。)”及最后一段“It was the beginning of the environmental movement in this country, and and again, the Hudson Valley was the birthplace.( 这是这个国家环保运动的开端，哈德逊河谷是发源地。)”由此推断Scenic Hudson是保护哈德逊河的一个环保组织。故选A。
C
If you plan to live another 10 years, you should expect to live in a world with machines doing things you don’t like doing today. Shooting for another 20? Even more will be done without your lifting the finger. It’s not only simple tasks such as cleaning, laundry and dishes. High-end services previously not accessible to you will now be in your economic grasp. Your personal robot will know you better than you know yourself. This almost unimaginable lifestyle could become routine for the masses, because of the achievements of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics to date and the fact that 5G is on track to provide.
The reasons to be fearful of AI and robotics are well-founded. AI can compete with our brains and robots can compete with our bodies, and in many cases, can beat us handily already. And the more time that passes, the better these emerging technologies will become, while our own capabilities are expected to remain more or less the same.
There has been a love-hate relationship between individuals and big companies long before the present era of big tech, but when big tech, AI and robots work together, it gets even scarier.
Tomorrow’s big tech companies will make use of intelligence (via AI) and control (via robots) associated with the lives of their users. In such a world, third-party entities may know more about us than we know about ourselves. Decisions will be made on our behalf and increasingly without our awareness, and those decisions won’t necessarily be in our best interests.
These issues are foreseeable, and the stakes(风险)are enormous. So, what can be done? In order to achieve the highest possible public trust in the benefits of AI and robotics in our lives, there are three imperatives for action.
First, the industry’s AI and robotics leaders must start to integrate consumers’ interests in safety and privacy into their technology offerings - something we haven’t seen before in the development of the internet and mobile markets. Second, big tech companies and their smaller start-up siblings, should support common agreements, voluntary best practices, principles, protocols, standards and other policies - and yes, even regulation as the very last resort. The more policy structure there is in place that protects consumer interests, the more trust AI and robots deserve. Finally, a trusted entity should design and implement a reliable and verifiable means of creating and protecting the new AI and robotics policy structure from inappropriate influence.
Fortunately, although the gap between tech advances and the lagging policy structure is widening, there is still time to catch up - if we take the initiative now.
The combination of AI, robots and big tech companies is potentially dangerous, but by taking the appropriate steps now we can avoid these dangers and enjoy the huge potential benefits that they have to offer.
63．According to the passage, people are afraid of AI and robotics because ________.
A．AI, robotics and 5G work together B．human’s abilities don’t develop
C．AI and robotics can do everything for us D．the new lifestyles cannot be imagined
64．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A．The third party entity will make decision to represent us and benefit us a lot.
B．There’s not always harmonious relationship between humans and big companies.
C．Big tech companies will control people’s life completely.
D．The benefits brought by AI and robotics cannot be enjoyed.
65．According to the passage, how can trusted AI and robotics be built?
A．By considering consumers’ interest in safety and privacy.
B．By making more policies that protect AI and robotics.
C．By properly influencing AI and robotics’ improper behavior.
D．By slowing down the technological advances of AI and robotics.
66．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Can we achieve trusted AI and robotics by implementing policies?
B．Can AI, robotics and 5G work together to benefit human beings?
C．Can we avoid the potential dangers of AI, robotics and big tech companies?
D．Can AI and robotics create a new lifestyle for human beings in the near future?
【参考答案】
63．B    64．B    65．A    66．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述人工智能、机器人和大型科技公司的结合是潜在的危险，我们应该采取措施避免这些危险，才能享受它们提供的巨大潜在好处。
【详情解析】
63．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段“The reasons to be fearful of AI and robotics are well-founded. AI can compete with our brains and robots can compete with our bodies, and in many cases, can beat us handily already. And the more time that passes, the better these emerging technologies will become, while our own capabilities are expected to remain more or less the same. (对人工智能和机器人的恐惧是有充分理由的。人工智能可以与我们的大脑竞争，机器人可以与我们的身体竞争，在很多情况下，已经可以轻松击败我们。时间过得越久，这些新兴技术就会变得越好，而我们自己的能力预计会或多或少保持不变。)”可知人们害怕人工智能和机器人是因为人类的能力没有发展，故选B。
64．【B】推理判断题。根据第三段“There has been a love-hate relationship between individuals and big companies long before the present era of big tech, but when big tech, AI and robots work together, it gets even scarier. (早在现在的大型科技时代到来之前，个人和大公司之间就存在着爱恨交加的关系，但当大型科技、人工智能和机器人一起工作时，这种关系就变得更加可怕了。)”可推断，人与大公司之间的关系并不总是和谐的。故选B。
65．【A】细节理解题。根据第五段“These issues are foreseeable, and the stakes(风险)are enormous. So, what can be done? In order to achieve the highest possible public trust in the benefits of AI and robotics in our lives, there are three imperatives for action. (这些问题都是可以预见的，利害关系是巨大的。那么，我们能做些什么呢?为了让公众尽可能信任人工智能和机器人在我们生活中的好处，有三个必要的行动。)”和第六段“First, the industry’s AI and robotics leaders must start to integrate consumers’ interests in safety and privacy into their technology offerings - something we haven’t seen before in the development of the internet and mobile markets.( 首先，该行业的人工智能和机器人领导者必须开始将消费者对安全和隐私的兴趣融入到他们的技术产品中——这是我们在互联网和移动市场的发展中从未见过的。) ”可知可信的人工智能和机器人要考虑到消费者对安全和隐私的兴趣。故选A。
66．【C】主旨大意题。根据整篇文章尤其最后一段“The combination of AI, robots and big tech companies is potentially dangerous, but by taking the appropriate steps now we can avoid these dangers and enjoy the huge potential benefits that they have to offer.( 人工智能、机器人和大型科技公司的结合是潜在的危险，但通过现在采取适当的步骤，我们可以避免这些危险，并享受它们提供的巨大潜在好处。)”可知文章主要讲述人工智能、机器人和大型科技公司的结合是潜在的危险，我们应该采取措施避免这些危险，才能享受它们提供的巨大潜在好处。C选项“我们能避免人工智能、机器人和大型科技公司的潜在危险吗?”符合文章主旨，适合做标题，故选C。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A diet to save humankind
When I was a child, my family would always sit down together for meals. My favourite was among the simplest: pasta in tomato sauce. We ate fresh vegetables and fruit, and, starting in our teenage years, sipped a glass of red wine. We ate together. I indulged with a few slices of Italian ham and practised a wide variety of outdoor sports. This centuries - old Mediterranean diet kept me fit and trim - and turned out to be good not just for my personal well-being, but for the planet’s health too.
In 2021 we will celebrate the tenth anniversary of UNESCO’s designation of this Mediterranean diet as a ”Cultural Heritage of Humanity“. ____67____ We have started to eat more fast food and have increased our portions. Fewer Italians enjoy social meals with family and friends. Italian children were among the most overweight in a recent study of 30 countries.
Poor nutrition is a global problem, not just an Italian one. The fact that it’s hitting Italy, the land where the Mediterranean diet originated, represents a dangerous paradox(矛盾)- one of many troubling the world of food. After years of decline, hunger is back on the rise. Globally, some 821 m people still do not have enough to eat. Yet while the poor south starves, the rich north gorges: some 2bn people are overweight or obese. We waste one-third of global food production. ____68____
____69____ The world’s population is expected to increase by 2.3bn people by 2050, fuelling demand for meat. Since the end of the Second World War the global food system has focused on producing more food for more people - but then wastes huge amounts of it. A radical shift is needed. Production must concentrate on delivering better, more nutritious food.
The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals can show us the way. They aim to ”end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.“ These goals are ambitious but achievable.
Governments must provide incentives to support sustainable agriculture, slash food waste and meet nutritional challenges. This does not just mean taxing unhealthy foods. ____70____ Companies must not be short-sighted, either. They should support legislation requiring them to embrace sustainability.
We must change our diet. A food and environment pyramid which highlights the close links between food’s nutritional value and environmental impact has been devised. This ”double pyramid“ is based on the traditional Mediterranean diet of my childhood. Everyone can and must continue to have fun at the dinner table - while eating what is good for our health and our planet.
A．Without a change in our diets, this disastrous cycle will worsen.
B．Farmers should use fertilizers more efficiently and reduce costs.
C．It is a diet full of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, with only occasional meat.
D．Farm animals consume an estimated two-thirds of all the land dedicated to agriculture and contribute about half of farming-related greenhouse-gas emissions.
E．Unfortunately, Italians have been turning away from their traditional healthy diet.
F．A more effective policy is to make healthy food, accessible and affordable for consumers and profitable for farmers.
【参考答案】
67．E    68．A    69．D    70．F
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述我们为什么要改变我们的饮食，提出了一些可能实现的改变方法，呼吁人们吃对我们的健康和地球有益的东西。
【详情解析】
67．【E】根据下文“Fewer Italians enjoy social meals with family and friends. Italian children were among the most overweight in a recent study of 30 countries.”（很少有意大利人喜欢与家人和朋友聚餐。最近一项针对30个国家的研究显示，意大利儿童是最超重的国家之一。）可知，意大利儿童是最超重的国家之一，他们目前的饮食不健康。故E选项“不幸的是，意大利人已经背离了他们传统的健康饮食”切题。故选E项。
68．【A】根据上文“Globally, some 821 m people still do not have enough to eat. Yet while the poor south starves,
the rich north gorges: some 2bn people are overweight or obese. We waste one-third of global food production.”（在全球范围内，仍有约8.21亿人没有足够的食物。然而，当贫穷的南方挨饿时，富裕的北方却深陷困境:约有20亿人超重或肥胖。我们浪费了全球三分之一的粮食生产）可知，全球发展不均衡，南方人挨饿而北方人普遍超重。A项“如果不改变我们的饮食，这个灾难性的循环将会恶化。”将上文所提情况总结成“灾难性的循环”，并且提倡人们改变饮食，符合文意。故选A项。
69．【D】根据下文“The world’s population is expected to increase by 2.3bn people by 2050, fuelling demand for meat. Since the end of the Second World War the global food system has focused on producing more food for more people - but then wastes huge amounts of it. A radical shift is needed. ”（预计到2050年，世界人口将增加23亿，这将刺激对肉类的需求。自第二次世界大战结束以来，全球粮食系统一直致力于为更多的人生产更多的粮食，但却浪费了大量粮食。需要彻底改变。)选项承接下文说明浪费大量粮食的原因。D选项“据估计，家畜消耗了所有用于农业的土地的三分之二，并贡献了约一半与农业有关的温室气体排放。”切题。选项中的“Farm animals”呼应下文的“meat”。故选D项。
70．【F】根据上文“Governments must provide incentives to support sustainable agriculture, slash food waste and meet nutritional challenges. This does not just mean taxing unhealthy foods.”（各国政府必须提供激励措施，支持可持续农业，减少食物浪费，应对营养挑战。这不仅仅意味着对不健康食品征税。）可知，上文讲述了改变食物浪费，应对挑战，并不仅仅是对不健康食物征税，选项承接上文说明更有效的方法是什么。故F选项“一个更有效的政策是让消费者能够获得和负担得起健康食品，并为农民带来利润”切题。故选F项。
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”
What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Gossip has three effects. First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors. So, people should consider the effects of gossiping.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传播流言带来的影响。先用对话引出现象，再对产生的三个影响分别作了详细的解释说明，最后提出作者观点——在传播流言之前请三思而行。
【详情解析】
1.要点摘录
①Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.
②An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.
③That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.
④Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act.
⑤The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
2.缜密构思
将1，5两个要点进行概括整理，将2，3，4 三个要点进行梳理。
3.遣词造句
First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about.
Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group.
Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] ：First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about.  运用一个简单句对第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] ：Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. 运用了动名词作主语对第五段内容进行概括。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72． 多亏了便利的线上应用，我们可以在一天中的任何时间送餐，哪怕天气不好或日程繁忙。(despite)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Thanks to convenient online apps, we can have meals delivered at any time of the day, despite the bad weather or busy schedule.或Thanks to convenient online apps, we can deliver meals at any time of the day, despite the bad weather or busy schedule.
【详解】
考查固定短语、情态动词、形容词、非谓语动词、连词。表示“多亏了”为短语thanks to，位于句首需要大写字母；表示“便利的”为形容词convenient；表示“线上应用”为固定短语online app，“应用程序”不止一个，且为可数名词，故用复数形式apps；表示“可以”为情态动词can；句中表示“送餐”有两层含义，一是have meals delivered，其中delivered为过去分词作后置定语，表示“外卖送来的食物”，二是自己去“送餐”，即deliver meals，前为情态动词，故deliver动词用原型即可；表示“任何时间”为any time of the day；表示“哪怕”用提示词despite；表示“或者”为连词or，并列bad weather“天气不好”和busy schedule“日程繁忙”。故翻译为Thanks to convenient online apps, we can have meals delivered at any time of the day, despite the bad weather or busy schedule.或Thanks to convenient online apps, we can deliver meals at any time of the day, despite the bad weather or busy schedule.
73． 既然你已经到了承担法律责任的年龄，那就到了该做出正确的选择的时候。(assume)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Since you have reached the age to assume legal responsibility, it is time to make the right choices
【详解】
考查动词、时态、不定式和固定句型。表示“既然”用since，引导原因状语从句；表示“你已经到了承担法律责任的年龄”用 you have reached the age to assume legal responsibility，用现在完成时表示动作已经发生并对现在有所影响，表示“到达……的年龄”用reach the age；表示“去承担法律责任”用to assume legal responsibility，不定式作后置定语；表示“该到做某事的时间”用固定句型it is time to do sth，用一般现在时，表示“做出正确的选择”用make the right choices。故翻译为Since you have reached the age to assume legal responsibility, it is time to make the right choices。
74． 毫无疑问，那些自信满满且从不半途而废的人更容易成功。(doubt)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
No/Without doubt, those who are full of confidence and never give up half way can achieve success more easily. / No/Without doubt, it is easier for those who are very confident and never give up halfway to succeed.
【详解】
考查定语从句、动词短语、介词短语、固定句型、时态。陈述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时。“毫无疑问”表达为固定短语No/Without doubt，作状语；“那些……的人”表达为those who..., who引导限制性定语从句，those作主语；“自信满满的”表达为形容词短语be full of confidence或be very confident；“从不半途而废”表达为动词短语never give up half way；“成功”表达为动词短语achieve success或succeed；“更容易”表达为副词短语more easily，或固定句型it's easier for sb to do sth。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：No/Without doubt, those who are full of confidence and never give up half way can achieve success more easily.或No/Without doubt, it is easier for those who are very confident and never give up halfway to succeed.
75． 养成每天看天气预报的习惯，这样你就能够应付上海变幻英测、变化多端的天气了。(so that)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Form/Develop/Cultivate/Get into a habit of watching weather forecast every day so that you can cope with the unpredictable and changeable weather in Shanghai
【详解】
考查动词短语、动名词、状语从句。“养成习惯”表达为动词短语form/develop/cultivate/get into a habit of ...，“看天气预报”表达为动词短语watch weather forecast，以动名词的形式作of的宾语；“这样”表达为so that...，后接结果状语从句；“应付”表达为动词短语cope with；“变幻英测、变化多端的天气”表达为 unpredictable and changeable weather。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Form/ Develop/ Cultivate/ Get into a habit of watching weather forecast every day so that you can cope with the unpredictable and changeable weather in Shanghai.
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
科技的发展在很多方面帮助人们提高了工作或学习效率，但长时间在电子屏前也给人们带来了很多问题，比如久坐不动、视力下降等。请结合高中学生的实际情况，以“Easy tips to reduce your screen time”为题，面向全班同学做一次宣讲。 内容需包括：
1) 提出2-3条减少屏幕使用时间的建议；
2) 陈述你所提建议背后的理由或事实例证。
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【参考答案】                                                                     
Easy tips to reduce your screen time
Dear classmates, with the development of science and technology, our life has become more and more convenient. But you can see that long time in front of screen is harmful to our life. Turning around, you can see many of our classmates are short sighted. With glasses on our noses, we can’t feel comfortable in many times. Now, it’s high time that we should take measures to change it.
First of all, we can limit the screen time every day to 2 hours. Besides, it is better to decrease the time spent on the screen by putting it away from us. What’s the most important is that we have the awareness to keep ourselves healthy.
So, boys and girls, let’s take action to protect our eyesight and our back. We need health.
【语篇解读】
本文是应用文。要求考生给班里的同学们关于长时间在电子屏前给人们带来的很多问题进行一次宣讲。
【详情解析】
1.词汇积累
对……有害：be harmful to→do harm to
注意到：see→notice
采取措施：take measures→take action
此外：Besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Dear classmates, with the development of science and technology, our life has become more and more convenient.
拓展句：Dear classmates, as science and technology develops, our life has become more and more convenient.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]But you can see that long time in front of screen is harmful to our life.（由that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Now, it’s high time that we should take measures to change it.（由it’s high time that引导的虚拟语气结构）
[高分句型3]What’s the most important is that we have the awareness to keep ourselves healthy.（由what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）