高考英语二轮复习情态动词学案（教师版）

高中英语 人教版 高三一轮复习 情态动词

【问题查找】

单项选择

1.— Must we do it now?  — No, you________.

 A. won’t      B. needn’t     C. can’t     D. don’t

2.You________ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

 A. needn’t to come         B. don’t need come 

C. don’t need coming         D. needn’t come

3.— May I pick a flower in the garden?

 — ________.

 A. No, you needn’t      B. Not, please 

C. No, you mustn’t      D. No, you won’t

4.— Can I leave this door open at night?

 — You________ better not.

 A. should.    B.would    C. could    D. had

5.I thought you________ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.

 A. may    B. might    C. could D. must

6.There was plenty of time. She________.

 A. mustn’t have hurried    B. couldn’t have hurried 

 C. must not hurry         D. needn’t have hurried

7.I didn’t hear the phone. I________ asleep.

 A. must be B. must have been 

    C. should be D. should have been

答案：1-5 BDCDB    6-7DB

【要点精讲】

情态动词

（一）情态动词的特点

情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：

1. 各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。

2. 情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。

3. 情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。

4. 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to ，即接动词原形。

（二）情态动词的核心考点

1．can，be able to 和could

(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。

★不同点：

①can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。

②当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。

Her mother can speak French.

The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.

(2) 表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。

—Can the news be true?

—It can’t be true.

Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?

(3) can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会……”。

Anybody can make mistakes.

(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。

Can I go now?

—Could I come to see you tomorrow?

—Yes，you can.(否定答语可用No，I’m afraid not.)

(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。

How can that be true？I can’t believe my eyes and ears.

How could you be so careless?

(6) can的特殊用法。

can but只有；

can’t but不得不；

can’t...too再怎样也不为过，越……越好

例句：

I can but wait.

I can’t but wait.

You can’t be too patient to the customers.

2．may和might的用法

(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语言更委婉一些。

—May I watch TV now?

—Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)

—No，you mustn’t.(No，you’d better not.)

(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。

The story may not be true.

(3)表示祝愿(不用might)

May you succeed!

(4)may/might as well最好还是……，不妨

You might as well do it now.

(5)may/might well很可能

He may well be late for class.

3．must，have to和ought to的用法

(1)must

①表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustn’t)。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to代替。

②表示必然的结果。

All men must die.

③还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。

It can’t help；he must do that.

(2)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。

He will have to be there before ten.

(3)ought to表示义务和责任，“应该”，比should语气要强。其否定形式是oughtn’t to/ ought not to

You ought to take care of yourself.

4．need和dare的用法

(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。

(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。

Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?

How dare you take my book without permission?

He dare not speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

(3)need和dare的特殊用法

①need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。

The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.

②need和dare作情态动词时，过去时形式与现在形式相同（美国英语中可用dared）。

He was so angry that no one dared say a word.

They said that he needn’t stay there any longer.

③need和dare常用实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。不同的是dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可带to或不带to。例如：

He needs to finish the work before nightfall.

I dare to swim across this river.

He does not dare (to) answer the teacher’s question.

Don’t you dare (to) touch it?

5．will和would的用法

(1)will

①表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。

Will you please go with me?

②表示意愿、决定、允许。

I will never do that again.

③表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。

Rosa will always be late for school.

(2)would

①表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。

Would you like a cup of tea?

 ②表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。

We would play badminton on Sundays.

6．shall和should的用法

(1)shall

用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。

Shall I come in?

用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令或威胁。

You shall do as your father says.

(2)should

①表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。

②表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。

You should wear slippers in class.

③用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。

Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.

【典题精练】

1.He _______ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.

A. wouldn’t  B. shouldn’t  

C. couldn’t  D. mustn’t

2.The traffic is heavy this day, I _______ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? 

A. can      B. must      C. need.   D. might 

3. The traffic light is red, so I _______ stop my car.

A. must     B. have to    C. can     D. mustn’t

4.—_______ I book a table for dinner in advance?

—Yes, you _______.The restaurant is always full of people.

A.Must; can    B. Will; will    

C. Shall; need    D. Shall; must

5.You _______ be sitting in this waiting room, sir. You see, it is for women and children only.

  A. oughtn’t to      B. dare not    C. need not    D. will not

6.I _______ use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house.

A. couldn’t       B. mustn’t  C. shouldn’t    D. needn’t

7. Put on more clothes. You________ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A. can       B. could       C. would       D. must

8. A computer ________ think for itself; it must be told what to do.

A. can’t       B. couldn’t     C. may not     D. might not

9. Tom ought not to________ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told       B. tell     C. is telling     D. having told

10. — Don’t forget to come top my birthday party tomorrow.

— ________.

A. I don’t       B. I won’t       C. I can’t       D. I haven’t

11. It nearly seven o’clock. Jack________ be here at any moment.

A. must       B. need       C. should       D. can

【答案与解析】

1. C 【解析】从题干“although he tried to”可锁定答案为C“couldn’t”。

2. D 【解析】此处的语境应该是表示可能性：或许，大概。故选D项。

3. B

4. D

5. A 【解析】oughtn’t to不该。根据下文“你看，它只是为妇女和儿童准备的”可知上文句意为：你不该坐在等候室里面，先生。故选A.

6. D 【解析】根据下文“at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house(每天早上六点有火车从我家附近驶过)”所以我没有必要让闹钟叫醒我。

7 - 11 DAABD

7．★情态动词表示推测或判断的用法★

下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：

情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使用场合

must must＋do must have done 肯定句

may/

might may/might＋do may/might have done 肯定句、否定句

can/could can/could do

[can't/couldn’t do] can/could have done

[can't/couldn’t have done] * 否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)

should 用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句

* 情态动词＋have done的用法

情态动词＋have done 用　法

must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done

can/could have done 1.本来能够做某事但却未做

2．可能做过某事

can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事

may/might  have done 或许/可能做过某事

should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，

其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了

needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情

例如：

①He is so happy. He must have won the match.

他这么高兴，他一定赢了这次比赛。

②She can’t have read about the explosion. She didn’t know anything about it.

她不可能读过关于爆炸的消息，她对此一点也不知道。

③You could have done better, but you were too careless.

你本来能做得更好些，但你当时太粗心了。

④She may have bought the dictionary, but I’m not sure.

她可能买了那本词典，但我不太确信。

⑤Sorry, I’m late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。

⑥Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition.You should have fixed full attention on it.

看！ 你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。

⑦We needn’t have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。

【典题精练】

1. Where is my pen? I ________ it.

A. might lose      B. would have lost     

C. should have lost      D. must have lost

2. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy.

A. might have given B. might give 

C. may have given D. may give

答案D A

【查漏补缺】

单项选择

1．Jack described his father, who ________ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.

A. might have been    B. would have been

C. should have been   D. must have been

2． —Sometimes I am even sleepy in class.

—It’s terrible. You _____ as well go to bed earlier.

A. should     B. will   C. might   D. can

3． — Could you please have my car ready today?

— Sure. The damage is not that serious, so it ______ be ready by 5:00 p.m.

A. should       B. could  C. might      D. need

4． —Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.

A. must      B. can   C. would       D. should

5． The Chinese people are kind and caring. If not, I _____ in China in the past 30 years.

A. didn’t stay           B. hadn’t stayed  

C. couldn’t stay         D. couldn’t have stayed

6.— Can I help you, sir? 

— Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it________.

A. didn’t work B. won’t work 

C. can’t work D. doesn’t work

7. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.

A. had to                 B. would       

C. could                  D. was able to

8. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

— They________ be ready by 12:00.

A.can                     B. should   

C. might                     D. need

9. I was really anxious about you. You________ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

10. Why are your eyes so red? You __________ have slept well last night.

A. can't       B. mustn't        C. needn't       D. won't

答案：1-5．D C A D D     6-10 CDBBA

【梳理优化】

情态动词的特点

⑴ 它们必须与其他动词连用，即：情态动词＋动词原形 

表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。

 ⑵ 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s （以be和have 开头的情态动词短语除外）。 

⑶ 在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性”。

常见情态动词： 

May  可能，可以

might可能

must必须，一定

mustn’t不允许，禁止

have to必须

don’t have to不必

can / could能，可能，可以

can’t不能，不可能

couldn’t不可能

情态动词 + have done表推测

情态动词＋have done 用　法

must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done

can/could have done 1.本来能够做某事但却未做

2．可能做过某事

can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事

may/might  have done 或许/可能做过某事

should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，

其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了

needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情

【强化巩固】

在空白处填入适当的情态动词或括号内所给动词的正确形式

1．You          be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.

答案　must   解析　根据be动词为原形，可判断此处缺少情态动词或助动词。根据后句You haven’t changed a bit 可知，说话者完全认出了Carol，猜测的语气非常肯定，故填must。

2．You          feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.

答案　may  解析　由句中的but及后一分句中的a hundred percent sure可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测，故填may。

3．Although you          find bargains in London，it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.

答案　can  解析　由语境可知，此处表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货”，指客观上的可能性。故填can。

4．Mum：Are they there? Oh，my goodness.I          have put them in there when the phone rang.

答案　must    解析　动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意，是对过去的推测，故肯定句中用must have done形式。

5．—Sorry，Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh，it’s too bad.You          have made full preparations.

答案　should   解析　表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做”，用should have done sth.表示，故填should。

6．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother          take me to Disneyland at weekends.

答案　would   解析　由主句中的关键信息 my happy childhood可知，是小时候经常被带去迪斯尼乐园。表示“过去常常”要用情态动词would。

7. —Mike, I can’t find my watch anywhere.

—You ______________ (lose) it while working out.

答案 may have lost

【解析】句意：——Mike，我哪儿也找不到我的手表。——你有可能在锻炼身体时丢了。may have done表示对已经发生的事情的推测，相当于“可能，大概”，符合语境。

8. Martin hasn't been in touch with me for ages. He _____________ (get) my new cellphone number.

答案can’t/couldn’t have got

【解析】句意：马丁已经很长时间不和我联系了。他不可能有我的新手机号码。can表示猜测，往往用于否定句或疑问句。

9. John _______________ ( arrive) yet, or he would have telephoned me.

答案.can’t have arrived

【解析】句意：约翰不可能已经到了，否则他早就给我打电话了。can’t have done表示“过去不可能做了某事”。

10. —How’s your new babysitter?

—We________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

答案couldn’t

【解析】句意：“你们的新保姆怎么样？”“我们不可能再请到更好的了。我们的孩子非常喜欢她。”“We couldn’t ask for a better one.”中couldn’t与better连用表示“不可能更好”。如I couldn’t agree more.表示“我非常同意”。

【课后练习】

一、单项选择

1．It is very important to know about the cultural differences that

        cause problems.

A．must　 B．dare　　  C．need　　    D．may

2．—Why didn't you tell him of the possible danger?

—But what        otherwise？He never listens to me.

A．could I do　　         B．could I have done

C．should I do　　        D．must I have done

3．—What is a good boss like?

—It's hard to say，but I think he        be responsible，determined and creative.

A．can　    B．may　　   C．should　　  D．would

4．—Has your brother found a job?

—Not yet. There are many jobs that he         do but he seems unwilling to do anything.

A．shall    B．could  C．must   D. should

5．—David is often absent from class.

—Tell him he         answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.

A．shall　   B．will　　   C．would        D．can

6．Luckily the man missed the high speed train to Wen zhou，or he         have been killed in the accident.

A．must　　  B．would    C．should　　    D．might

答案：

1. D 【解析】句意：了解可能造成问题的文化差异是很重要的。may在肯定句中表示对客观事实的可能性的推测，意为“可能”。

2. B 【解析】本句中could have done表示“推测”。句意为：——你怎么不告诉他有潜在的危险呢？——但我还能干什么呢？他从不听我的。

3. C 【解析】句意：——一名好老板会是什么样子？——很难说。但我认为他应该是有责任心，有决心且具有创造性的。本题考查情态动词。should应该；can能够；may可能，可以；would愿意。

4. B 【解析】句意：——你的哥哥找到工作了吗？——还没有。有很多他能做的工作，但是他似乎不愿意做任何事情。本题考查情态动词的用法。情态动词could可以表示“现在的能力”，语气较can委婉。

5. A 【解析】句意：——David经常逃课。——告诉他如果他继续那样做他肯定要为此付出代价。本题考查情态动词。shall表示恐吓、威胁、警告、承诺等，常用于第二、三人称。本题第二句话表示警告，B、C、D三项均不符合题意，故选A项。

6. D 【解释】根据语境可知推测过去的可能性，但没有把握，所以用might have done表示（过去）或许会发生。

二、单句语法填空

1. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____________（do）better.

2. —No one____________be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

—Oh, you are really his big fan.

3. They________have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

4. —Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?

—I wanted to, but my mom simply________not let me out so late at night.

5. —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

—I am afraid you________， in case he comes late for the meeting.

答案

1. might have done【解析】句意：太可惜了！就他的能力和经验而言，他本可以做得更好。根据句意可知，此处应用might have done表示“本可以……”。can have done通常只用于否定句和疑问句。

2.can

3.should

4.would【解析】句意：—昨天晚上你为什么不去参加西蒙的晚会？—我想去，但我妈妈不让我晚上那么晚出去。根据句意可知此处考查一种语气，表示“不会”用wouldn’t。

5. will【解析】will“愿意，要”，用来表示一个人的意愿.句意：—我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？—恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。