高考英语二轮复习虚拟语气学案（学生版）

高中英语 人教版 高三一轮复习 虚拟语气

【问题查找】

单项选择。

1. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.

A. had not fallen   B. would not fall         

C. did not fall            D. would not have fallen

2. We _______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A. are   B. were   C. will be  D. would be

3. People are recycling many things which they away in the past.

A. had thrown        B. will be throwing

C. were throwing    D. would have thrown

4. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.

A. would have come      B. could come             

C. have come            D. had come

5. I should not have laughed if I  ________  you were serious.

A．thought          B．would think      

C．had thought       D．have thought

6. If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked    B. booked     

C. book      D. had booked

7. —It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella.

—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we   ________. 

A．hadn't     B．haven't      C．didn't     D．don't

8. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________   able to speak it much better now.

A. will be               B. would be      

C．has been        D．would have been

【要点精讲】

虚拟语气

定义：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不是客观存在的事实，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

1．条件句中的虚拟语气

包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：

一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

(1) 如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。

If he has time，he will come. 如果他有时间，他会来。

If you haven't finished your composition，you can hand it in tomorrow.

如果你还未写完作文，你可以明天交。

(2) 如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：

假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式

与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could＋动词原形

与将来事实相反 ①过去式

②should＋动词原形

③were to＋动词原形 would/should/might/could＋动词原形

与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had＋过去分词) would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词

例句：

If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.

要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)

If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.

如果你能早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)

If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.

如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)

【重点提示】含有条件状语从句中的虚拟语气使用时要注意以下几点：

(1)主句中的should只用于第一人称I和we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。

(2)在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态常用“were”，If I were you...句式中，不用was。

(3)虚拟条件句中有were，had，should时，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。

Were they here now，they could help us.

＝If they were here now，they could help us.

要是他们现在在这儿的话，就会帮助我们了。

Should it rain，the crops would be saved.

＝If it should rain，the crops would be saved.

假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。

【典题精析】

1．I actually believe that we         in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.

A．would be　　       B．would have been  

C．were　　        D．had been

2．—What happened to the young trees we planted last week?

—The trees         well，but I didn't water them.

A．might grow　 B．needn't have grown

C．would have grown D．would grow

2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

主句 从句谓语形式 意义 例句

I wish 过去式(be用were) 从句与现在事实相反 I wish I were ten years younger.

但愿我能年轻10岁。

 could/

would＋动词原形 从句与将来事实相反 I wish I could fly to the moon some day.

如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。

 过去完成时 从句与过去事实相反 I wish I had met that film star yesterday.

我真希望昨天见到了那位电影明星。

I would

rather 过去时(be用were) 从句与现在事实相反 I'd rather we had a rest now.

我希望我们现在休息一下。

 过去时(be用were) 从句与将来事实相反 I'd rather you came tomorrow than today.我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天。

 过去完成时 从句与过去事实相反 I'd rather they hadn't dropped out of school.我真希望他们没有退学。

I insist/

demand/

require/

request/

propose/

suggest/

command/order... (should)动词原形 表示“建议、命令、要求”等，从句与

将来事实相反。 My father suggest that I (should) take enough sleep before the final examination.

爸爸建议我期末考试前睡眠要充足。

He insisted that I (should) come to his office at one o'clock.

他坚持要求我一点去他的办公室。

【提示】

（1）除上述列举的动词外，新课标词汇desire，recommend，urge等也符合上述用法。

（2）suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。

【典题精练】

1．She wishes she ___to the cinema last night．

A．went    B．would go   

C．had gone    D．were going

2． He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.

A. is given     B. must give  

C. should give      D. be given

3．The report urged that all the children _______ to swim.

A. are taught      B. be taught      

C. to be taught      D. being taught

3. 错综时间条件句

在错综时间条件句中，条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致，因此动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.

如果你当初听医生的话，现在你已经好了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)

If I were you，I would have taken her advice.如果我是你，我就接受她的建议。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)

4．虚拟语气的其他用法

(1)It is (high/about) time that...中的that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略。

It is high time that we had supper.我们该吃晚饭了。

(2)It is important (necessary，essential，strange，a pity等)that...中的that从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”或“should have＋过去分词”。

It is important that we (should) work hard.我们努力工作很重要。

It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam.他考试竟没有及格，真是遗憾。

(3)与表示请求、建议、命令、要求等意义的词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，常用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。

He gave the advice that we (should) do the work carefully.他建议我们认真做这项工作。

It is suggested that we should start before sunset.(人们)建议我们日落前出发。

【拓展记忆】

一主张：insist

二命令：order, command

三建议：suggest, advise, recommend

四要求：request, require, ask, demand

外加一个敦促：urge

(4)as if/though引导的从句用虚拟语气时，从句谓语形式：

He talked as if he had known it. 他谈起来好像已知道此事。

(5)在if only引导的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。

用一般过去时或“would/could＋动词原形”，表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；

用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望，常译为“要是……就好了”。

If only I were a flying bird!= If I were a bird, I would...

如果我是一只飞鸟该多好啊！

If only I had seen the film!= If I had seen the film, I would/ might/ should have done...

如果我看过那部电影该多好啊！

【典题精析】

1．I should not have laughed if I________you were serious.

A．thought  B would think  C．had thought D．have thought

2．My mom suggests that we________eat out for a change this weekend.

A．should B．might   C．could D．would

3．The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.

A．make up B．figure out  C．look through D．put off

4．Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.

A．lives B．would live  C．has lived     D．were to live

5．If we ________ adequate preparations，the conference wouldn't have been so successful.

A．haven't made              B．wouldn't make  

C．didn't make              D．hadn't made

【查漏补缺】

单项选择。

1．If my car ________ more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

A．was    B．had been   C．should be D．would be

2．We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ________ us a ride home.

A．didn't offer              B．wouldn't offer

C．hasn't offered        D．hadn't offered

3．—Where are the children？The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

—I wish they________always late.

A．weren't         B．hadn't been 

C．wouldn' be        D．wouldn't have been

4．I________through that bitter period without your generous help.

A．couldn't have gone        B．didn't go 

C．wouldn't go               D．hadn't gone

5．If I________long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor________those AIDS patients.

A．had lived；helping        B．should live；help

C．were to live；to help        D．should have lived；help

6．If we________a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked     B.booked     C.book    D. had booked

7．Maybe if I________science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.

A．studied B．would study  C．had studied D．was studying

8．I am not going to sit here and let her abuse me.I demand that she immediately________for what she just said.

A．apologize         B．would apologize 

C．apologized        D．must apologize

9．If only I ________ a few days ago！Then I wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.

A．looked ahead        B．could look ahead

C．were to look ahead      D．had looked ahead

10．It's high time that we________morning exercises.

A．do B．does  C．did D．doing

【梳理优化】

虚拟条件句

假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式

与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could＋动词原形

与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had＋过去分词) would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词

与将来事实相反 ①过去式

②should＋动词原形

③were to＋动词原形 would/should/might/could＋动词原形

虚拟语气在宾语从句

①在动词wish后的宾语从句中，用法如下表：

主句 从句谓语形式

I wish 

从句与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were)

从句与过去事实相反 过去完成时

从句与将来事实相反 could/would/might ＋动词原形

②在动词would rather后的宾语从句中，用法如下表：

主句 从句谓语形式

I would rather 

从句与现在事实相反 过去时(be用were)

从句与过去事实相反 过去完成时

从句与将来事实相反 过去时(be用were)

③在表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词形式：(should)动词原形，从句与将来事实相反。

这类动词可按下列口诀记忆。

一坚持：insist

二命令：order，command

三建议：suggest，propose，advise

四要求：request，require，demand，ask

【强化巩固】

Ⅰ. 使用虚拟语气改写下列句子,句意保持不变

1.She will be given enough money.She will buy the book.

If she 　　　　　enough money,she 　　　　　the book. 

2.He wants to come to the party,but he can’t because he has to work.

He 　　　　　to the party if he 　　　　　　to work.

3.Li Ping is easygoing,so she has a number of friends.

If she 　　　　　easygoing,Li Ping 　　　　　　a number of friends. 

Ⅱ. 完成句子。

1.没有战争的经历,海明威不会创作出著名的小说《永别了,武器》。

Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway 　　　　　　　　　　his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 

2.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。他肯定盼望着收到信。

I’d rather you 　　　　the letter right away.He must be looking forward to it. 

3.我们需要尽快完成工作。但愿他不会那么懒惰。

We need to finish the work as soon as possible.I wish that he　　　　　so lazy. 

4.要是我昨晚陪你去就好了。

I wish that I 　　　　　　　with you last night. 

5.她建议我们把门锁上。

She advised that we　　　　　　 the gate locked. 

【课后练习】

一、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．He urged that we ____________(give)up the plan.

2．The boss demanded that Mary ____________(finish)it within a week.

3．Her pale face suggested she ____________(be)ill and I suggested that she ____________(see)the doctor.

4．He insisted that he ____________(be)right.

5．I wish I ____________(have)a little lab of my own.

6．I wish I ____________(be)as strong as you.

二、语法填空。

Once a farmer's donkey(驴) fell into a deep well. The animal cried loudly for hours, but the farmer couldn't figure out what to do __1__ it. Finally, he decided that the animal was old and that the well needed to be covered anyway, so he__2__(think) the donkey wasn't worth saving.

Then, he invited some of his neighbors to come over and help__3__. They all took a shovel (铁铲) and began to put dirt into the well.

At first, the donkey realized what was happening and cried__4__(pitiful). Then, to everyone's surprise, the donkey became quiet. A few shovel loads later, the farmer looked down into the well and was astonished at__5__he saw.

Each shovel of dirt hit its back, but the donkey was doing something __6__(amaze). It was shaking the dirt off and taking a step up.__7__ the neighbors continued to put more dirt on top of the animal, it would shake the dirt off and take one more step up.

Pretty soon everyone was surprised as the donkey stepped up over the edge of__8__ well and ran off happily!

When life sometimes __9__(put) dirt on you, the best way of getting out of the well is to shake the dirt off and take a step up. Each of your troubles is a stepping stone. You can get out of the deepest well just__10__ never giving up!

1.           2.            3.            4.            5.           

6.            7.            8.           9.            10.