高考英语二轮复习被动语态学案（教师版）

高中英语 人教版2019 高三一轮复习 被动语态

【问题查找】

单项选择

1. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.

A. haven’t invented       B. haven’t been invented

C. hadn’t invented   D. hadn’t been invented

答案 D。 解析：此题主句为过去时。时间状语by+过去的时间点，应与过去完成时连用。而电话与发明是动宾结构，故这里应用被动语态。

2. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he_________.

A. was being followed  B. was following 

C. had been followed     D. followed

答案 A。

3. The church tower which       will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.

A. has restored        B. has been restored   

C. is restoring        D. is being restored

答案：D 解析：Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D.

4.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they       before leaving their hometowns.

A. promised B. were promised 

C. have promised D. have been promised

答案：D

5. This coastal area        a national wildlife reserve last year.

A. was named    B. named       C. is named   D. names

答案：A

6. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting         at the culture show of the 2017 Shanghai World Expo.

A. are exhibiting        B. is exhibiting    

C. are being exhibited    D. is being exhibited

答案：C.  解析：因为2017年上海世博会现在还在进行着，所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺术品也是“正在被展览”，所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式。

7. Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive

A. be set      B. set    C. are set    D. are setting

答案：C  解析：考查动词set的用法和被动语态。Set a table摆放桌子， tables为主语，故用被动结构。make sure后一般接宾语从句。

8. The library needs ________, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.

A. cleaning    B. be cleaned    C. clean    D. being cleaned

答案：D

【要点精讲】

被动语态

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

　　1） am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

　　例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2） has /have been done 现在完成时

　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时

　　例A new cinema is being built here．

　　4） was/were done 一般过去时

　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

　　5） had been done 过去完成时

　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

　　6） was/were being done 过去进行时

　　例A meeting was being held when I was there.

　　7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时

　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

　　8） should/would be done/ was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be to done过去将来时

　　例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

　　9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）

　　例The project will have been completed before July.

　　10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）

　　例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.

【典题精练】

1.Experiments of this kind            in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A.have conducted         B.have been conducted

C.had conducted          D.had been conducted

答案 D

2.No permission has ___ for anybody to enter the building.

 A. been given  B. given  C. to give  D. be giving

答案 A

3.I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

4.A. gave       B. was given   C. was giving  D. had given

答案 B

4. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.

A. has been         B. had been       C. has        D. had

答案 B

5.---Have you moved into the new house?

--- Not yet, the rooms ___.

A. are being painted   B. are painting  

C. are painted   D. are being painted

答案 A

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

3.　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

4.　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

　　2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

　　例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为

He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

4)　　例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为

The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

　　4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

　　例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为

A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

　　5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

　　例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

　　v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

　　例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

　二、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said that 据说 It is hoped that 大家希望

It is reported that 据报道 It is well known that 众所周知

It is believed that 大家相信 It is thought that 大家认为

It is suggested that 据建议  

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.

＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.

　三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

　　1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

　　例 This kind of cloth washes well.

★注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：

The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人为的原因）

　　2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

　　例 How do the newspapers come out?

　　3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

　　　 例Your reason sounds reasonable.

　四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

* 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。

　　1．在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

　　2． 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading．

＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．

(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)

试比较：

I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?

( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

5.例This problem is difficult to work out .

（可看作to work out省略了for me）.

　　5．在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

　　6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

　　例There is no time to lose（to be lost）.（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）

　　7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

　　例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

【典题精练】

1. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.

A. have taken place; was founded 

B. has taken place; was founded

C. have been taken place; founded    

D. took place; founded

答案 A

2. The pen _______ me. It is hers.

A.isn’t belong to            B. wasn’t belong to    

C. doesn’t belong to          D. didn’t belong to

答案 C

3.The surface of the table ___ smooth enough.

4.A. hasn’t felt     B. doesn’t feel    

C. isn’t feeling     D. isn’t felt

答案 B

4. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant          .

A.to deal with       B.dealing with      

C.to be dealt with       D.dealt with

答案 A

　五、被动语态中常用的介词

1．by表示动作的执行者或施加者

  By whom is the book written 这本书是谁写的？

  The children were driven indoors by the rain. 孩子们被雨赶进了室内。

2．with表示用某种工具

  The wolf was killed with a gun. 狼被枪打死了。

  The field was spread with wild flowers. 田野里野花遍地。

3．from表示源于某种物质（看不出原材料）

  Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是粮食制成的。 

4．of表示用某种材料制成（看得出原材料）

  The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。

5．其他介词

  You are wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。

  He is known to everybody. 大家都认识他。

  She was caught in the rain. 她遭雨淋了。

【注意】

  动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示，但被动语态句子中的by短语并不总是表示动作执行者。

  A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.

警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。（by表示方式）

  He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner.

她邀请他吃晚饭，他受宠若惊了。（by表示原因）

  The snow was piled high by the gate.

门口雪堆积得很高。（by表示地点）

　六、被动语态与系表结构的区别

当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；

作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。

其区分办法如下：

　　1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。

　　例The glass is broken． （系表结构）

　　The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）

　　2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

　　例The door is locked． （系表结构）

　　The door has already/just been locked．（被动语态）

　　3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

　　例 The machine is being repaired．

※ 被动语态与高考试题赏析

　　1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

　　1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar.

A.is serving    B. is served    C. serves   D. served

　　解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

　　2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.

　　A. killed     B. is killed　　C. was killed   D. was killing

　　解析 C  Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

　　3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?

　　---- Not yet, the rooms _____.

A.are being painted       B. are painting      

C. are painted             D. are being painting

　　解析 A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。

　　4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet.

　　A. are not decided        B. have not been decided

　　C. is not being decided     D. has not been decided

　　解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

　　5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.

　A. was booked     B. had been booked   

　C. were booked    D. have been booked

　　解析 B

　　2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查

　　当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 需用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it.

A. to see   B. to be seen     　　C. seeing    D. seen

解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2). While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need.

A. to persuaded        B. persuading   

C. being persuaded      D. be persuaded

解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

3）. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child.

A. is to blame         B. is going to blame    　　

C. is to be blamed      D. should blame

解析 A   feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。

【查漏补缺】

单项选择

1.—What happened to the priceless works of art? —_______.

A.They were destroyed in the earthquake 

B. The earthquake was destroying them

C. They destroyed in the earthquake

D. The earthquake destroyed them

答案 A

2. As we joined the big crowd I got ___ from my friends.

A. separated   B. spared  C. lost  D. missed

答案 A

3. These kinds of shoes ___ well.

4.A. were not sold       B. won’t be sold  

C. are not sold         D. don’t sell

答案 D

4. Tom ___ to work in the office though he didn’t like serving there.

A. wanted   B. was wanted   C. was wanting   D. had wanted

答案 B

5. He said he wouldn’t mind ___ at home.

6.A. leaving alone         B. being left alone

C. to be left lonely      D. to leave alone

答案 B

6. I remember ___ for the job, but I forget the exact amount.

A. to be paid   B. being paid   C. to pay   D. paying

答案 B

7. In front of the hall color flags were ___.

A. hunged   B. hanged  C. hang  D. hanging

答案 D

8. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting _____.

A. was holding   B. had held  C. was to hold       D. was to be held

答案 D

9. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.

A. permits              B. is permitting  

C. is permitted           D. has permitted

答案 A

10.---.“How about the dishes, Dear？”

 ---“The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”

A.cooked               B. had been cooked  

C. was cooked            D. had cooked

答案 B

【梳理优化】

时态 主动语态结构 被动语态结构

一般现在时 do/does am/is/are +done

一般过去时 did was/were done

一般将来时 is/am/ are going to do; shall/will do; is/am/ are to do;  is/am/ are about to do shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done

过去将来时 was/were going to do;  would do; was/were to do; was/were about to do should/would be done/ was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be to done

现在进行时 is/am/ are doing am/is /are being done

过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done

现在完成时 have done has /have been done

过去完成时 had done  had been done

现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 无被动语态结构

过去完成进行时（少用） had been doing 无被动语态结构

将来进行时 shall/will be doing 无被动语态结构

将来完成时（少用） shall/will have done shall/will have been done

【强化巩固】

单句语法训练。

1．I________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.

答案 was allowed

2. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _____________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

答案be made

3. The giant panda___________(love) by people throughout the world.

答案 is loved　

4. More efforts, as reported，____________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.

答案 will be made

5. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ___________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

答案 was held

前面had 是一般过去时，此处是并列谓语，也应该使用一般过去时；hold back和主语I之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。

6．—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes.We ___________(treat)well by our hosts

答案were treated　

7．In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ______________ (cut)．

答案has been cut　表示动作在前，要用完成时，且the wheat与动词cut之间为动宾语关系，故要用被动语态。after引导时间状语从句，在条件或时间状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。

8．To my delight, I ________ (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

答案 was chosen

9．Unless extra money________(find)，the theater will close.

答案 is found

10．I wondered why John kept it a secret.It was not until he________(ask) three times that he told me the truth.

答案had been asked

11．It was the fourth time she ___________ (shop) online for hours.

答案had shopped　

考查固定句型中的时态。It was the fourth time...从句中应该用过去完成时态。

12．Now college graduates ________(encourage) to start their own business，which sounds really good for us.

答案 are being encouraged　

根据时间状语now可知是正在进行时，学生与鼓励之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。

【课后练习】

语法填空(时态和语态专练)

A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman 1.           (seek) professional help after being convicted of (证明有……罪) shoplifting for the second time in six months.

Aha Luz，recently studying for PhD，2.           (tell) she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.

Luz，who 3.          (live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Road，Cambridge,4.           (admit) stealing clothes worth 9.95 pounds from Lewis in Oxford Street，London，on March 9.

Philip Lomoyne，prosecuting(起诉)，said Luz 5.           (select) some clothes from display and 6.       (take) them to the ladies toilet in the store. When she came out again she 7.           (wear) one of the skirts she 8.           (select)，having taken off the anti­security alarm.

She 9.           (stop) and caught after leaving the store without paying，Mr.Lomoyne said.

He added that she was upset on her arrest and 10.           (apologize) for her actions.

答案：1. is seeking     2.has been told     3.lives    4.admitted     5.selected      6.took      7.was wearing     8.had selected  

9.was stopped  10.apologized