2023届中考英语二轮复习之现在完成时讲义

2023届中考英语二轮复习之现在完成时学案时态构成、意义、时间标志词及句型一、时态构成 1. 现在完成时的结构和句式1) 基本结构：助动词 have/has + 过去分词 done 2) 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 done + 其他 e.g. He has finished the work. 3) 否定式：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 done + 其他 e.g. He has not finished the work. 4) 一般疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 done + 其他 e.g. Has he finished the work? 5) 简略回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. (肯定) e.g. Yes, he has. No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. (否定) e.g. No, he hasn’t. 6) 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 done+ 其他 e.g. What has he done? 2. 过去分词的变化规则 1) 规则变化2) 不规则变化（可参考被动语态专题中对过去分词的总结）  二、时态意义 1. 过去发生的动作对现在仍有影响。 He has turned off the light.   （虽然关灯的动作发生在过去，但现在灯还是处于关闭的状态）  2. 从过去开始一直延续到现在（可能持续下去）的动作或状态。He has lived here since 1995.   （他目前还住在这里，并继续住下去。）  三、时间标志词和相关句型 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（动作已结束）： ① already 已经，用于肯定句句中或句尾。 e.g. I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ② yet 还，尚，已经，用于否定句和疑问句句尾。 e.g. I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ ever 曾经，用于句中。 e.g. Have you ever seen pandas?    Avengers: Endgame is the best movie I’ve ever seen. （ever常与形容词最高级连用） ④ never 从未，用于句中。 e.g. I have never been to Beijing. ⑤ just 刚刚， 用于句中。 e.g. I have just done my work. ⑥ before 以前，用于句尾。 e.g. I have never been there before. ⑦ once, twice, three times 等词数表达 e.g. Mary has been to America four times already. ⑧ how many times 多少次 e.g. How many times has he been to Beijing? 2. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始的、持续到现在的动作或状态（动作持续未结束）： ① so far 到目前为止 e.g. So far he has learnt 200 words. ② up to/till now 到目前为止 e.g. Up to now, China has developed so much in science. ③ recent/ recently/ lately 最近 e.g. In the recent three months, I’ve studied some French.    Recently, school violence has drawn much attention of the whole society. ④ during/for/in the past/last five years 在过去的五年间 e.g. In the past five years, I’ve been a member of the school union. ⑤ how long 多久 e.g. How long have you lived here? ⑥ since和for 3. 句型 ① This/It is+最高级+n.+ sb. have/has ever done. e.g. This is the best book I have ever read. ② It has been/ It’s +时间段+since从句 e.g. It has been/ It’s two years since his grandma died. ③ It is the first/ second/ third…time+现在完成时句子 e.g. It is the first time I have played the computer games.  思维导图    现在完成时VS一般过去时现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1. 意义不一样：一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为 过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 e.g. I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 2. 时间标志词不一样：一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用。（具体的过去时间点） e.g. …ago, last week, in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday, then( 那 时 ), that day, one day, once(从前)3. how long用于对现在完成时时间段的提问；when用于对一般过去时时间点的提问。 e.g. --- When did you graduate from the university? --- In 2015. --- How long has Mr. Smith worked in this company? --- For 3 months. 随堂练习一 、用 since 和 for 填空 1) ________ two years 2) ________ two years ago 3) ________ last month 4) ________ yesterday 5) ________ an hour ago 6) ________ she left here 7) ________ 4 o’clock 8) ________ 1999 9) ________ 4 hours 10) ________ lunch time答案：1. for; 2. since; 3. since; 4. since; 5. since; 6.since; 7. since; 8. since; 9. for; 10. since 1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 2. I’ve known him ________ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese ________ three years. 4. She has been away from the city ________ about ten years. 5. It’s about ten years ________ she left the city.答案：1.since; 2. since; 3. for; 4. for; 5. since