初中英语中考复习 中考专题：现在完成时

这是一份初中英语中考复习 中考专题：现在完成时，共24页。试卷主要包含了语法和句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【知识梳理】

2.already与yet用法区别
already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。
【典例分析】：
I have already wrked ut this math prblem? (改为否定句)
I wrked ut the math prblem .
解析：already与yet的转换.
Key ： have nt; yet
since的用法
①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ag或since2008.
②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.
(2) fr的用法：fr后加一段时间。
since/fr 可以通过ag进行同义句转换。
【典例分析】：
1.They have wrked in the factry since ten mnths ag.= They have wrked in the factry fr ten years
2.We have learned English fr nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ag.
3.I have had a cld _______ last Saturday, I have had a cld ______ 5 days. I have had a cld ______ 5 days ag.
所以：______ 5 days= ______ 5 days ag
Key ：since，fr, since, fr, since
典例分析】：
例1.( ) I haven’t seen yu _____ last Friday.
A. fr B. since C. frm D. n
解析：后面的last Friday 是具体时间点，所以应该用since,选B
这里需要提醒学生虽然此题后面的last是一般过去时的时间标志，但是跟since连用之后要用现在完成时。
Key ：B
例2.( ) Mr. White came t ur schl in 2008, and since then he _____ us English. (2011盐城)
A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach
解析：该题考查的是现在完成时标志性词since，since then自那以后，缩略形式的时间状语从句，后面是主句，主句用现在完成时.
Key ：C
规则动词的过去分词的构成
1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：
wrk→wrked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited
2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：
clse→clsed like→liked agree→agreed mve→mved
3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：
study→studied carry→carried try→tried wrry→wrried
4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：
stp→stpped drp→drpped

不规则动词的过去分词的构成
1. 有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：
put→put hurt→hurt becme→becme run→run
2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：
sit→sat win→wn hld→held
3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如：
lend→lent spend→spent send→sent
4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如：
keep→kept sleep→slept
5. 过去分词以aught或ught结尾；例如：
teach→taught buy→bught
6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如：
say→said pay→paid
7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如：
give→given eat→eaten
还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆
【例题精讲】
1.- China develps s fast.
- That's true. It_______ a lt already.
A.changes B.changed
C.will change D.has changed
[答案]
D
2.- Hw d yu like yur English teacher?
- He is great. We_______ friends since three years ag.
A.were B.have made
C.have been D.have becme
[答案]
C
3.I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is yur new classmate. She's frm America, _____?
A.has she B.isn't she
C.hasn't she D.des she
[答案]
B
4.- Is the film interesting?
- I thught it wuld be. But_______, it's very bring.
A.in all B.in fact
C.in additin D.in future
[答案]
B
5.- Why dn't yu g t the mvie with me, Betty?
- Because I________it befre.
A.saw B.have seen
C.see D.had seen
[答案]
B
6.Hlly has____________ fed the dg, but she hasn't watered the plants _________.
A.still; already B.already; yet
C.yet; still D.yet; already
[答案]
B
7.- Have yu ever been t Nanning?
- Yes, ___________.
A.I was B.I d
C.I am D.I have
[答案]
D
8.The trip t Hng Kng was_________and we felt_________.
A.pleased; pleased B.pleased; pleasant
C.pleasant; pleased D.pleasure; pleasant
[答案]
C
9.Susan and I have been friends_______ five years.
A.since B.after
C.fr D.ver
[答案]
C
10.— Oh, Mrs. King, yur necklace lks nice. Is it new?
— N, I ________ it fr tw years.
A.had B.have had
C.bught
D.have bught
[答案]
B
11.I dn't want t see the film The Hbbit II because I_______ it already.
A.has seen B.saw
C.have seen D.had seen
[答案]
C
12.Daniel三年前买了这台电脑。
Daniel the cmputer three years ag.
[答案]
has had|since
13.在过去的几年，南京发生了许多变化
Many changes in Nanjing ver the years
[答案]
have taken place
14.在某些方面，女性现在的生活比以前好多了。
Nw, wmen’s life is much better than befre .
[答案]
in sme ways
15.深圳已经变成了一个现代化城市。
Shenzhen has .
[答案]
been a mdern city
16.---Hw d yu like the gd singer Ya Beina ?
--- She is s great. But she _______ fr nly 4 mnths.
A.died B.has died
C.has dead D.has been dead
[答案]
D
17.你去过盐城科技博物馆多少次了？
Yancheng Science and Technlgy Museum
[答案]
Hw many times have yu been t
18.-- Why are yu s happy tday?
-- Because I _____(win)the badmintn match.
[答案]
have wn
19.I __________(read) this magazine. Will yu please shw me anther?
[答案]
have read
20.There _________ (nt be) much snw here in the past three years.
[答案]
hasn’t been
21.-- Is yur father at hme?
-- N, I’m afraid he ____________(g) ut.
[答案]
has gne
22.--Turn ff the radi, dear. Baby is sleeping.
--There is n need. He___________(wake) up.
[答案]
has waken
___ this watch in 2006. He ____ it fr 10 years.
A.bught, has had B.bught, has
C.has bught, has had D.has bught, had
[答案]
A
24.The teacher and writer ______ the lecture. It’ll be finished in half an hur.
A.have gne t B.have been t
C.has gne t D.has been t
[答案]
C
25.He’s never been late fr wrk, _______ _______?
A.has he B.hasn’t he
C.is, he D.isn’t he
[答案]
A
26.-- Where’s yur brther? I haven’t seen him fr several days.
-- He ______ Tibet fr hliday.
A.have been t B.has gne t
C.has gne t D.will g t
[答案]
B
27.-- _______ yu ever ________ t Xinjiang?
-- Yes, I_________ there last year.
A.Have gne, went B.Have been, have been
C.Have been, went D.Have gne, have gne
[答案]
C
28.David knws much abut the city because he _____ there many times．
A.ges B.went
C.has gne D.has been
[答案]
D
29.Our streets and villages _________ much cleaner in the past few mnths．
A.have became B.have becme
C.became D.will becme
[答案]
B
1.Miss Lee________ (teach) us English since she came here three years ag.
[答案]
has taught
2.-- Will yu g and see the mvie Net Mther with me?
-- Thank yu. But I _____it already.
A.saw B.have seen
C.see D.will see
[答案]
B
二、语法和句型
【知识梳理】
（1）have/ has been t：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。如：
The ld man has been t Egypt when he was yung.
（2）have/ has gne t：去了某地，强调还没有回来。如：
---Where is yur uncle? --- He has gne t the supermarket.
（3）have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。如：
【典例分析】：用have(has) been 或have(has) gne 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ t Hainan Island.
A: Hw lng ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there fr three days.
A: When will he cme back, d yu knw?
B: I’m afraid he wn’t cme back recently.
A: Culd yu tell me the way t Hainan Island?
B: Srry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: Hw many times ___________ Li Fei __________ t that place?
B: He _____________ there nly nce.
答案: has, gne , has gne, has, been, has been ,have ,been , has ,been, has been.

(1)since的用法
A. since后可加时间点例：They have been here since last week.
B. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时
例：They have learned English since they were 10 years ld.
(2)fr的用法：fr后加一段时间。They have learned English fr ten years.
(3)since 和 fr 用法的相互转换：fr +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ag
They have learned English fr ten years. = They have learned English since ten years ag.
(4)对since和fr的提问用hw lng。如：
---Hw lng have yu been in Nanjing?
----Fr three years. / Since three years ag.
【典例分析】：用fr, since, ag填空。
1. Sally has been away frm Lndn ________ last Saturday.
2. Our schl has changed a lt ________ the new building was built.
3. Tmmy has had this mtrcycle ________ three years.
4. I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.
5. My parents has been married since twenty years ________.
6. My cusin jined the army three mnths ________.
答案：1. since 2. since 3. fr 4. fr 5. ag 6. ag
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
（1）现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。如：翻译：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。
误：I have already brrwed the bk fr ver tw weeks.
正：I have already kept the bk fr ver tw weeks.
（2）非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。如：cme—be here；g—be there; die--be dead; brrw--keep; buy--have; jin--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。
批注：补充强调一下，非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。
批注：加粗的部分是书面后面补充的，可
根据学生的情况进行删减
三、语法和句型
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别与联系：
1. 相同点：
两个时态都表示一个在过去完成的动作。
2. 不同点：
现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况；
一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。
e.g.: Wh pened the dr?
谁开的门？(只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。)
Wh has pened the dr?
谁把门开了？(强调门现在依然还开着。)
例1: --Tm, Can I brrw yur magazine?
--Srry, I _____it t Mary.
A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend
解析：根据句意：---Tm, 我能借用一下你的杂志吗？
---对不起，我把它借给玛丽了。
首先借的动作肯定是发生在过去，先排除C和D. 另外，借的动作已经对现在产生了影响，因为我借不了了。选择现在完成时。
答案：B
例2: I left my pen in the desk and nw it's gne, wh ______it?
A. tk B. has taken C. will take D. had taken
解析：根据句意：我把笔丢在课桌里了，现在它不见了，是谁拿走啦？首先拿走的的动作肯定是发生在过去，先排除C和D。另外，拿走的动作已经对现在产生了影响，因为现在笔不见了。如果选择一般过去时，那笔不一定现在不在了。因此选择现在完成时。
答案：B
2.结构上的区别

批注：老师讲解时，需要提醒学生养成良好的做题习惯，解题时，若出现明确的过去时间状语，则不用现在完成时态，而用一般过去时。
【典例讲解】
例1: Julie's father ________ t Lndn last mnth. He ________ there three times.
A. went; had gne B. has gne; has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gne
解析：考查动词的时态。根据句意：“上个月朱莉的爸爸去伦敦。他已经去过那里3次了。”，前一句是一般过去时，因为有明显的标志语“last mnth”。后一句则是现在完成时，有明显的时间three times.
答案：C
例2: —Hw lng have yu ____here?
—Fr tw days. I _____here the day befre yesterday.
A. been; came B. cme; came C. came; came D. been; been
解析:上句Hw lng(多长时间)询问时间段，故句中应用延续性谓语动词，cme为非延续性动词，故排除B、C；由答语中the day befre yesterday可知下句后一分句为一般过去时，cme的过去时为came.
答案：A
例3: --Have yu ever been t Shanghai, Mary?
--Yes, I _____there fr three days with my parents last mnth.
A. have gne B. have been C. went D. was
解析: 句意：---Mary，你去过上海吗？----是的，我上个月和我父母在那呆了三天。首先这个句子的真正时间信号词是“last mnth”所以用一般过去时，其次这个句子的附加时间信号词是“fr three days”显然是一段时间，所以只能用"was"，be动词一般表状态的。
答案：D
1. 现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，所以若是过去发生的一个动作，现在情况已经发生的变化，则不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时。
e.g.: I put my ruler in my pencil-bx, but I can’t find it nw.
【批注】：若用I have put my ruler in my pencil-bx, 则过去的动作put对现在的影响是“尺子还在笔袋里”，但实际上我现在找不到了，说明现在情况发生了变化，不用现在完成时。
【典例讲解】
例1：My father (wrk) in a factry fr five years. But nw he is a teacher.
解析：这道题是有点难度的。很多学生会误填has wrked. 因为看见了现在完成时的时间状语“fr five years”。在讲解时要注意这里的“已经五年了”是到现在的时间点为止，但是从后句的“But nw he is a teacher”说明他在工厂工作五年不是延续到现在的五年。因此在工厂工作是过去就结束的动作，对现在无影响。因此应用一般过去时。
答案：wrked
2. 现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用, when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。
e.g.: ----The train has left.
----When did the train leave?
e.g.: Where have yu been?
【典例讲解】
例1: When _____yu _______ yur dictinary?
A. did; lse B. has; lst C. will; lse D. des; lse
解析：首先C.和D肯定不正确，不可能预测以后的事，也不可能总是丢东西；在A和B中，主要是询问这个动作什么时候发生的，而没有涉及与现在的联系。
答案：A
3. 现在完成时五大句型：
1) It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…)
e.g.: It is 8 years since I came t Nanjing.
= It has been 8 years since I came t Nanjing.
2) This is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that +从句（从句用现在完成时）
e.g.: This is the saddest film that I have ever seen.
3) Where have yu been?
4) There have/ has been …
e.g.: There have been great changes t my hmetwn in the past tw years.
5) It is the first / secnd/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）
e.g.: It is the first time that I have visited Beijing.
【批注】：
1）最后一个句型要注意和It is ne’s first/ secnd time t d sth.区分
2） 这个知识点在初二范围内用到的较多的是3和4，老师课上可以根据学生的情况选取讲解。
【例题精讲】
1.--你曾经梦想过没有护照去环游世界吗？--是的，你可以通过在线旅行实现你的梦想。
--Have yu ever ?
--Yes, yu can .
[答案]
dreamed| f |travelling |arund |the |wrld |withut |passprts|; realize |yur |dream |by |taking |an |nline| tur (或realize yur dream by travelling nline)
2.My father (wrk) in a factry fr five years. But nw he is a teacher.
[答案]
wrked
3.--Ann is in hspital.
--Oh, really? I (nt knw). I have nt seen her fr a lng time.
[答案]
didn’t knw
4.I can’t push the dr pen. I (lse) the key.
[答案]
have lst
5.The film began five minutes ag.（同义句转换）
The film has fr five minutes.
[答案]
been |n
6.自10世纪起，苏州就以丝织业闻名。
Suzhu its silk industry .
[答案]
has |been |famus |fr; |since |the| tenth |century
7.--D yu mind shwing me hw t start this nline tur?
-- _______. But I have t prepare fr my exam nw.
A.Nt at all B.Yes, please
C.I am srry D.Never mind
[答案]
C
8.When _____yu _______ yur dictinary?
A.did; lse B.has; lst
C.will; lse D.des; lse
[答案]
A
9. Last week I _______ a cld. That's t say since last week, I _______ a cld.
A.have had; have had B.caught; have had
C.have had; have caught D.caught; have caught
[答案]
B
10.Julie's father ________ t Lndn last mnth. He ________ there three times.
A.went; had gne B.has gne; has been
C.went; has been D.has been; had gne
[答案]
C
11.I must say that it's the best mdel I _______.
A.saw B.see
C.have ever seen D.will see
[答案]
C
12.I _______ a bk frm the library last mnth. I have t return it because I_______ it fr t lng.
A.brrwed; have brrwed B.lent; have lent
C.brrwed; have kept D.lent; have kept
[答案]
C
13.--Tm, Can I brrw yur magazine?
--Srry, I _____it t Mary.
A.lent B.have lent
C.had lent D.lend
[答案]
B
14.Julie's father ________ t Lndn last mnth. He ________ there three times.
A.went; had gne B.has gne; has been
C.went; has been D.has been; had gne
[答案]
C
15. --Hw lng have yu ____here?
--Fr tw days. I _____here the day befre yesterday.
A.been; came B.cme; came
C.came; came D.been; been
[答案]
A
16. --Have yu ever been t Shanghai, Mary?
--Yes, I _____there fr three days with my parents last mnth.
A.have gne B.have been
C.went D.was
[答案]
D
四、语法和句型
【知识梳理】must 和have t的区别与联系
(1) 意义区别
两词都是“必须”的意思，have t表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。
e.g.: My brther was very ill, s I had t call the dctr in the middle f the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must wrk hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
(2) 形式的区别
① have t有人称、数和时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
e.g.: He had t lk after his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照顾他的妹妹。
② 否定结构：
have t的否定结构为：dn't have t d…表示“不必”= needn’t d…
而must的否定结构为mustn’t 表示“禁止”，“绝对不可以”。
e.g.: Yu dn't have t tell him abut it．你不一定要把此事告诉他。
Yu mustn't tell him abut it．你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
(3) 联系
Must引导的疑问句可以用dn’t have t/ needn’t来回答。
e.g.: Must I finish my hmewrk nw?
N, yu dn’t have t. / needn’t.
【典例讲解】
例1: Yu_______ smke in public.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. wuldn't D. may nt
解析：考查否定形式，在公共场合绝对不可以吸烟，选择A
答案：A
例2: It's late. I_______ sleep here.
A. must B. have t C. has t D. had t
解析:考查must和have t的区分，不是主观，而是被迫，则用have t，排除掉A， 考虑时态，是一般现在时，排除C.D
答案：B
例3: 作为一名学生，你必须按时上交作业。
As a student, yu _________ hand in yur hmewrk n time.
解析: 考查must和have t的区分，主观上需要做这件事用must
答案：must
【例题精讲】
1.The family_______ stay at the htel because it was raining hard.
A.have t B.had t
C.had t D.want t
[答案]
B
2.作为一名学生，你必须按时上交作业。
As a student, yu hand in yur hmewrk n time.
[答案]
must
3.It's late. I_______ sleep here.
A.must B.have t
C.has t D.had t
[答案]
B
4.Yu_______ smke in public.
A.mustn't B.needn't
C.wuldn't D.may nt
[答案]
A
1.Susan and I have been friends_______ five years.
A.since B.after
C.fr D.ver
[答案]
C
2.My sn ____________ up yet because he _____________ t bed very late last night.
A.hasn’t gt; has gne B.didn’t get; went
C.desn’t get; went D.hasn’t gt; went
[答案]
D
3.---I have bught a Chinese – English dictinary.
-- When and where_____ yu _____ it?
A.have, bught B.did, buy
C.will, buy D.d, buy
[答案]
B
4.Mr. Green has wrked in Zhenjiang since his family ________ t China years ag.
A.has mved B.mves
C.mved D.mve
[答案]
C
5.--I have ______ finished my hmewrk, what abut yu?
-- I finished it ______.
A.just; just B.just nw; just nw
C.just; just nw D.just nw; just
[答案]
C
6.He _______ dinner at restaurants last year, but nw he usually cmes back hme after wrk and cks supper fr his family.
A.used t have B.is used t have
C.was used t have D.is used t having
[答案]
A
7.Many peple d nt realize the imprtance f health ______ they have fallen.
A.until B.while
C.when D.after
[答案]
A
Present perfect tense (现在完成时)
项目
内容
备注
概念
◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
Eddie has eaten my fd.
(Eddie ate the fd and nw Hb has nthing t eat.)
◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。
Eddie has lived with Mille since he was brn.
Eddie has lived with Mille fr fur years.
构成
助动词has/have +动词的过去分词
动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123）
肯定形式
They have finished their hmewrk.
He has finished his hmewrk.
缩略形式：
they have=they’ve;
he has=he’s
否定形式
They haven’t finished their hmewrk.
He hasn’t finished his hmewrk.
疑问形式
Have they finished their hmewrk?
Yes, they have. / N, they haven’t.
关键词

already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, fr+一段时间,
never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, nce, twice等)
befre, recently, in the past/last few years, s far, this mnth, tday, nw
◇表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。
I have lst my pen.
◇包括现在时间在内的时间状语如tday, this mnth, this week等有时也用现在完成时。
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Base frm
Past participle
Base frm
Past participle
visit
visited
hit
hit
repair
repaired
put
put
live
lived
meet
met
mve
mved
make
made
try
tried
sell
sld
study
studied
give
given
fit
fitted
write
written
非延续性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时形式
brrw
keep
She has kept this bk fr three weeks.
leave
be away
They have been away frm hme fr tw days.
arrive/reach/get/mve
be in/at
Kitty has been in Hng Kng fr a mnth.
cme/g
be in/at
My mum has been in Beijing fr tw mnths.
begin/start
be n
The film has been n fr an hur.
stp/finish/end
be ver
The meeting has been ver fr tw hurs.
die
be dead
The lamb has been dead fr sme time.
jin
be in/
be a member f
Simn has been a member f the Ftball Club since last year.
becme
be
Hw lng has yur sister been a teacher?
pen
be pen
The shp has been pen fr ten hurs.
clse
be clsed
The market has been clsed since 2010.
buy
have
He has had this mtrcycle fr tw years.
fall asleep
be asleep
The dg has been asleep fr several hurs.
catch a cld
have a cld
Hw lng have yu had a cld?
fall ill
be ill
Mike has been ill fr ten years.
get married
be married
They have been married fr fifteen years.
get up
be up
They have been up fr tw hurs.
cme back
be back
The lst cat has been back since last night.
g ut
be ut
The ld man has been ut since last Friday.
时态
结构
一般过去时
主语+ was/ were+其他
主语+ 动词过去式+其他
现在完成时
主语+has/ have +动词过去分词
时态
时间状语
一般过去时
yesterday, the ther day (= a few days ag), last…, … ag, the day befre yesterday, just nw, in +过去时间
现在完成时
already, ever, just, recently, (nt) yet, s far (迄今为止), up t nw, till nw, since, never, befre