广东省实验中学2022-2023学年高一英语上学期11月月考试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份广东省实验中学2022-2023学年高一英语上学期11月月考试题（Word版附解析），共27页。

广东实验中学2022-2023 学年(上) 高一级线上限时训练
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动， 用 橡皮擦干净后， 再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答， 答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内的相 应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液. 不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卷收回。
一、听力理解(满分 20 分)
第一节听力选择(每小题 1 分，满分 12 分)
听下面 5 段对话， 每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B 、C 三个选项中选出最 佳选项。 每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What advantage does the woman have over Samantha?
A. She is smarter. B. She is faster. C. She is taller.
2. What is different about the man?
A. He wears a suit. B. He has his hair cut. C. He puts on clean shoes.
3. What is the man trying to do?
A. Park the car. B. Open the door. C. Clear some space.
4. How many tickets does the man have now?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two.
5. What does the man think of smart watches?
A. Unnecessary. B. Convenient. C. Beautiful.
(以下每段材料读两遍)
听第 6 段材料， 回答第 6 、7 题。
6. What would the woman most like to become?
A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. An artist.
7. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Classmates. C. Teacher and student.
听第7 段材料，回答第8 、9 题。
8. What is the woman going to do this weekend?
A. Buy some burgers. B. Build a wall. C. Have a party.
9. Why did the man put off his plan?
A. He didn’t have pieces. B. He was tired. C. He was going on vacation.
听第 8 段材料， 回答第 10 、11 、12 题。
10. Where are the speakers?
A. In a school. B. In a company. C. In a bank.
11. What is the woman going to study?
A. Geography. B. Education. C. Business management.
12. How is the woman going to pay for her education?
A. With her own money.
B. With the money from her company.
C. With the money from the university.
第二节听力填空(每小题 1 分，满分 8 分)
听第 9 段材料， 回答第 13- 16 题。
News: More than ____ 13____ elephants died in Africa.
Reasons suggested by the man: They died of ____ 14____ or being ____ 15____.
Reason suggested by the woman: They may be ____ 16____.
听第 10 段材料， 回答第 17-20 题。
Topic: improve ____ 17____.
Three suggestions:
1) Avoid ____ 18____.
2) Make sure you stay active by ____ 19____ and running everyday.
3) Be sure you have a/an ____20____ each night.
二、单项选择(每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
1. Lisa for the next destination, isn’t she?
A. left B. will leave C. leaves D. is leaving
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查反义疑问句的谓语动词。句意：Lisa将要前往下一个目的地，难道不是吗？根据后文的反义疑问“isn't she”可知，此处谓语动词为含有be动词的肯定形式，故此处应为Lisa is leaving for...，正在进行时表示将来，故选D。
2. — When the bus ?
— In ten minutes.
A. is … starting B. shall … start C. does … start D. is … about to start
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——公交车何时发车？——十分钟后。根据答语In ten minutes.可知，问句为一般将来时，此处问公交车的时间，按照时刻表运行的交通工具，用一般现在时表示将来。故选C项。
3. Sometimes it is the truth that hurts, ?
A. does it B. aren’t they C. isn’t it D. don’t they
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：有时候，真相会让人受伤，不是吗？ 分析句意可知，此处为反义疑问句的附加疑问句部分，遵循“前肯后否”的原则，主语与前部分it保持一致，并且前面陈述句有be动词，疑问部分也应该为be动词，所以选项A为肯定式，不符合语法要求；选项B和D的主语为they，不符合语法要求；选项C为否定形式，且主语为it，动词为be动词，符合语法要求。故选C项。
4. Let’s try again, ?
A. don’t we B. shall we C. are we D. won’t we
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意：我们再试一次，好吗？分析句子的结构可知，Let’s do sth.句型的反义疑问句均使用shall we。故选B。
5. He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation he was likely to lose control over his car.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他开得如此之快，以致于使自己陷入一种很可能失去对汽车控制的危险境地。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是situation，在从句中充当抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选A。
6. The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A. which B. who C. when D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这本小说上个月出版，作者是一个15岁的女孩，是一本畅销书。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
7. This is the very knife I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. which B. by which C. that D. with that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我昨天用来切苹果的那把小刀。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词knife，指物。关系词在定语从句中作used的宾语，而先行词前面有the very的修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故选C。
8. This is Mr. White, ________ has something interesting to tell you.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是怀特先生，他有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Mr. White，指人，从句中缺少主语，故填who。故选C项
9. Some people always talk loudly in public, is really annoying.
A. which B. whom C. who D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一些人在公共场合总是大声讲话，这一点真的很让人生气。分析句子可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，主句“Some people always talk loudly in public”为先行词，指物；定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选A项。
10. The people in Syria have been looking forward to the day the war will end.
A. which B. whose C. who D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：叙利亚人民一直期待着战争结束的那一天。A. which哪一个；B. whose谁的；C. who谁；D. when何时。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the day，先行词指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故选D项。
三、阅读理解(每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)
(A)
Online Level 1 Course
OVERVIEW
The Online Level 1 Course includes two parts:
A self-paced online course that can be completed at home. The course begins with lecture-based and interactive instruction on the fundamental principles and movements of CrossFit and ends with a 50-question multiple-choice test.
A live webinar (网络研讨会), where participants can engage in a Q&A with CrossFit’s top coaches and receive coaching in a small group setting.
Please note: All participants must complete the online part of this course before their webinar.
PREPARATION
Read the Level 1 Certificate Course Participant Handbook.
Study the CrossFit Level 1 Training Guide.
PRICE
Currency Course Price Preferential Price
USD $1000 $750
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Is there a deadline to register for the online Level 1 webinar?
Registration for each live webinar offering is available until the webinar is full or the course begins whichever comes first. However, completion of the online course is required prior to registering for your webinar.
What equipment is required to take the Online Level 1 Course and webinar?
For the online course and test, you will need a personal electronic device with an active internet connection. A laptop or tablet is recommended. The webinar is held on the Zoom platform.
How and when are certificates delivered?
Certificates are individually mailed and can take four to six weeks to arrive for those living in the United States and eight to twelve weeks for those living outside the United States.
11. Which of the following is required to register for the webinar?
A. Completing an online course.
B. Being the first one to register.
C. Having a Q&A with CrossFit’s coaches.
D. Paying $1,000 for the webinar.
12. What might “Zoom” be in the answer to Question 2?
A. An online translator.
B. An online conferencing tool.
C. A famous computer brand.
D. A method of connecting to the internet.
13. When will Jenny in London get her certificate after finishing the course?
A. In at least six weeks. B. In at least eight weeks.
C. In at least four weeks. D. In at least twelve week.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为应用文。文章介绍了Online Level 1 Course网上课程的内容、上课时间、价格等事项，并回答了几个常见问题。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS”下文第一个问题“Is there a deadline to register for the online Level 1 webinar?”回答的最后一句 “However, completion of the online course is required prior to registering for your webinar.(但是，在注册参加网络研讨会之前，必须完成在线课程。)”可知，参与者必须先完成网上课程才能注册网络研讨会。故选A。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在段落“For the online course and test, you will need a personal electronic device with an active internet connection. A laptop or tablet is recommended. The webinar is held on the Zoom platform.(对于在线课程和测试，你需要一个有网络连接的个人电子设备。建议使用笔记本电脑或平板电脑。本次网络研讨会在Zoom平台上举行。)”可知，在线研讨会需通过有网络连接的电脑完成，结合划线词后的“platform”可推知，划线词Zoom指的是一种在线会议工具。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Certificates are individually mailed and can take four to six weeks to arrive for those living in the United States and eight to twelve weeks for those living outside the United States.(证书是单独邮寄的，居住在美国的人需要4到6个星期才能收到，居住在美国以外的人需要8到12个星期。)”可知，居住在伦敦的Jenny 至少需要8周时间才能收到证书。故选B。
(B)
The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers’ questions — where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.
“Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered. They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, and then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London.
It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotel’s swimming pool, I led the way.
The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I’ve backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up.
On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone.
14. By “My stomach was in knots,” the author probably means she was .
A. sick of repeating routines B. nervous of new situations
C. upset about the sudden change D. sorry about the careless plan
15. Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?
A. Homeless but lighthearted. B. Jobless and poorly educated.
C. Courageous but disrespectful. D. Warmhearted and experienced.
16. What did the author’s instinct told her?
A. It might cause trouble to have a swim. B. It could add excitement to get a free ride.
C. She would get along with the backpackers. D. She ought to stay away from the backpackers.
17. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The author thought it right to travel alone.
B. The author became a fulltime backpack traveler.
C. The woman missed the call in order to travel alone.
D. Most of the backpackers became the author’s lifelong friends.
【答案】14. C 15. D 16. C 17. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.(我解释说，我本来打算和一个朋友的朋友一起去旅行，但那天早上我给她打电话时，她没接，我也没办法联系到她。我的肚子很不舒服，但我还是决定无论如何都要出去，因为我想如果我去提比略，也就是我们计划一起去的地方，我可能会碰到她)”可推知，作者被放鸽子，对这种突然的变化感到心烦。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段““Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered.(“为什么不和我们一起旅行呢？”其中一个背包客提出)”由此可知他们很热情；根据后文“They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could.(他们都是经验丰富的冒险家，工作几个月，攒钱，然后尽可能多地旅行)”可知他们是有经验的冒险家，会工作几个月，攒钱，然后尽可能长时间地旅行。由此可推知，作者遇到的背包客是个热心和可靠的人。故选D。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It seemed risky to travel with perfect strangers, but my instinct said yes.(和完全陌生的人一起旅行似乎很冒险，但我的直觉告诉我就该这样做)”可知，作者本能告诉她，她会与背包客相处好。故选C。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone.(世界向我敞开了大门，因为我选择了独自旅行)”可推知，作者认为独自旅行是正确的。故选A。
(C)
Many Chinese people used to greet each other with “Have you had your meal?” to show their friendliness. Recently, a new greeting has appeared in many Chinese cities, namely “Have you lost weight?”
In recent years, food-delivery services have been growing and Chinese people can easily get access to foods from all over the world. But people are paying more and more attention to their health. On food-delivery platforms, meal replacement and food labeled with “low calories” and “light food” are becoming popular. More people are becoming familiar with various terms, such as “zero sugar” and “low-calorie Fast Diet plan.”
“I used to eat a lot of unhealthy food, which brought me much trouble,” Chen Xin, a programmer in Hangzhou said. “Following instructions from my nutritionist, I can feel that my body is in good condition again.”
As the quality of life for most has greatly improved over the past decades, most people no longer need to worry about whether they have enough food, but rather whether they have a healthy diet. According to statistics from global market research firm Euromonitor International, the global meal replacement market reached $66.16 billion in 2017, of which the Chinese market contributed about $8.45 billion. The number is expected to double in 2022.
Despite healthier diets, many people believe, to lose weight, exercise is also of vital importance. Besides training in the gym, many people choose to take fitness equipment home. Over the past two years, the online consumption of fitness equipment has increased greatly, particularly among women who attach great importance to body management. Many people even like to run marathons. In China’s major cities, holding marathons has become a fashion. 1,828 marathons were held nationwide in 2019, with 7.12 million participants.
According to Wang Hufeng, a professor at the Renmin University of China, health is a major issue of concern for the Chinese people and health is becoming a huge industry. “Health is an important indicator of a state’s soft power, and the improvement of overall health conditions can have a positive impact on economic development,” Wang said.
18. What can we know about the change of people’s greeting?
A. People become friendlier to others. B. People care less about their meals.
C. People show greater concern on health. D. People prefer a more direct manner.
19. The statistics in paragraph 4 indicate that .
A. China has greater buying power in food
B. food trading in China is expected to grow in 2022
C. Chinese people are more willing to spend on food
D. Chinese people are changing their food choice greatly
20. What can we infer from Professor Wang?
A. Health plays an important role in society.
B. Food safety should be stressed in the future.
C. China’s economy depends on health industry.
D. Government should develop health care industry.
21. What is the text mainly about?
A. A food market study. B. A trend in lifestyle.
C. Enthusiasm about exercise. D. Benefits of healthy diet.
【答案】18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国人如今越来越重视自己的健康了，分析了产生这一现象的原因以及专家对此的看法。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recently, a new greeting has emerged in many Chinese cities, namely “Have you lost weight?”(最近，在中国许多城市出现了一种新的问候语，那就是“你减肥了吗?”)”以及第二段中“But people are paying more and more attention totheir health.(但是人们越来越重视自己的健康)”可知，从人们问候语的变化，我们可以了解到人们更加关注健康。故选C项。。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“As the quality of life for most has greatly improved over the past decades, most people no longer need to worry about whether they have enough food, but rather whether they have a healthy diet. According to statistics from global market research firm Euromonitor International, the global meal replacement market reached $66.16 billion in 2017, of which the Chinese market contributed about $8.45 billion. The number is expected to double in 2022.(在过去的几十年里，大多数人的生活质量有了很大的提高，大多数人不再需要担心他们是否有足够的食物，而是他们是否有一个健康的饮食。根据全球市场研究公司欧睿信息咨询(Euromonitor International)的统计数据，2017年全球代餐市场规模达到661.6亿美元，其中中国市场贡献了约84.5亿美元。预计到2022年，这一数字将翻一番)”可知，大多数人不再需要担心他们是否有足够的食物，而是他们是否有一个健康的饮食，所以第四段中的统计数字表明中国人正在极大地改变他们的食物选择。故选D项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Health is an important indicator of a state 's soft power, and the improvement of overall health conditions can have a positive impact on economic development,”Wang said.(“健康是一个国家软实力的重要指标，整体健康状况的改善可以对经济发展产生积极影响”王说)”可推知，健康在社会中起着重要作用。故选A项。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In recent years, food-delivery services have been growing and Chinese people can easily get access to foods from all over the world. But people are paying more and more attention to their health.(近年来，外卖服务不断发展，中国人可以很容易地获得来自世界各地的食物。但是人们越来越重视他们的健康)”以及第四段“As the quality of life for most has greatly improved over the past decades, most people no longer need to worry about whether they have enough food, but rather whether they have a healthy diet.(在过去的几十年里，大多数人的生活质量有了很大的提高，大多数人不再需要担心他们是否有足够的食物，而是他们是否有一个健康的饮食)”和倒数第二段中“Despite healthier diets, many people believe, to lose weight, exercise is also of vital importance. Besides training in the gym, many people choose to take fitness equipment home. Over the past two years, the online consumption of fitness equipment has increased greatly, particularly among women who attach great importance to body management.(除了更健康的饮食，许多人相信，要减肥，运动也至关重要。除了在健身房训练，许多人选择把健身器材带回家。近两年来，网上健身器材的消费大幅增长，尤其在重视身体管理的女性群体中)”可知，本文主要讲述了中国人现在越来越注重健康饮食和锻炼，追求一种健康的生活方式，所以本文主要是讲一种生活方式的趋势。故选B项。
(D)
What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth- and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at the University of Washington designed an intervention (干预) to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement depends on ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual (智力的) struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while solving a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their after-intervention science performance, compared to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By recognizing a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize with the scientists during their own struggles.
22. Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists?
A. They are short of confidence.
B. They lack interest in science.
C. They don’t have inborn talent.
D. They have no ability to study science.
23. What’s the purpose of the intervention?
A. To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B. To expose students to scientists’ great achievements.
C. To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D. To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work.
24. What does the underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Important. B. Noticeable. C. Strange. D. Long-lasting.
25. What can we learn from the research?
A. Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B. Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C. Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs.
D. Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
【答案】22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as ‘I’m not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’ It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Researchers at the University of Washington designed an intervention (干预) to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement depends on ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们是如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以澄清学生对科学工作的误解。故选D项。
【24题详解】
词义猜测题。分析可知，非限制性定语从句“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. (对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lower performing students(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”。由此推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，即划线词应是“明显的，显著的”与noticeable同义。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“By recognizing a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize (共情) with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过认识科学家的奋斗，并介绍他或她在完成伟大工作时所运用的成长心态，学生们能够在科学家的奋斗过程中感同身受)”可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C项。
第二节(每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余 选项。
Most people don’t change. They just become more the way they already are. While there are exceptions, most people find change difficult for several reasons.
____26____ Few people have an accurate view of who they are and therefore don’t recognize the aspects of themselves that need improvement Most people want to believe they’re well-balanced and even outstanding in many ways.____27____
Then there is the human tendency to explain one’s difficulties, short-comings and failures by blaming somebody else. You may find many people around you blame their poor performance on others. ____28____ You will probably never hear anyone tell you, “I got fired because I was doing a terrible job.” Few people are willing to accept that their own character traits (弱点) and choices are the main causes of the kind of life they lead.
Finally, most people find it too challenging to change as it involves a lot of hard work and difficult choices. Even when you have learned enough about your true nature, you then need to do something about it.___29___ Meanwhile, the reality can be really discouraging: you do much hard work but the results are never the sort of ideal change you’re looking for.
No matter how difficult it is, you still need to find your own way to change.
____30____ Real change begins with the recognition of these ways in which you have remained the same and made the same unfortunate choices your entire life.
A. And you need to do that over and over again.
B. However, you have little choice but to change.
C. They don’t know themselves very well, to begin with.
D. They all want to think of themselves as special and gifted.
E. At first, they don’t think change can bring about encouraging results.
F. You can review the past and make a list of the ways in which you haven’t changed.
G. They are likely to paint themselves as victims but never recognize their own problems.
【答案】26. C 27. D 28. G 29. A 30. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大多数人不改变的原因。
【详解】1.根据上文“While there are exceptions, most people find change difficult for several reasons.”（虽然也有例外，但大多数人觉得改变很困难，原因有几个。）可知，接下来要描述的是具体的原因。另根据下文段落开头“Then there is ...”及“Finally, most people...”可知，此处为第一个原因。选项C.“They don’t know themselves very well, to begin with.”（首先，他们不太了解自己），“to begin with”和下文的“Then”“Finally”构成顺序上的衔接。故选C。
2.根据上文“Most people want to believe they’re well-balanced and even outstanding in many ways.”（大多数人想要相信他们很平衡，甚至在很多方面都很出色。）可知，很多人觉得他们很出色，所以接下来的描写，要承接上文描述这些觉得自己很出色的人会如何作为。选项D.“They all want to think of themselves as special and gifted.”（他们都认为自己很特别，很有天赋。）和前文的意思保持一致，符合文意。故选D。
3.根据上文“Then there is the human tendency to explain one’s difficulties, short-comings and failures by blaming somebody else. You may find many people around you blame their poor performance on others.”（然后，人类倾向于通过指责别人来解释自己的困难、缺点和失败。你可能会发现你周围的许多人把他们的糟糕表现归咎于别人。）可知，此处内容要承接上文，讲述这些把自己的糟糕表现归咎于他人的人的其他行为表现。选项G.“They are likely to paint themselves as victims but never recognize their own problems.”（他们很可能把自己描绘成受害者，却从来没有意识到自己的问题。）与前文的意思一致。故选G。
4.根据上文“ Even when you have learned enough about your true nature, you then need to do something about it.”（即使你已经充分了解了自己的本性，你还是需要做点什么。）下文“Meanwhile, the reality can be really discouraging: you do much hard work but the results are never the sort of ideal change you’re looking for.”（与此同时，现实可能真的令人沮丧： 你做了很多艰苦的工作，但结果从来不是你想要的那种理想的改变。）可推知，空白处表述的是你一遍遍的做着很多的努力工作。选项A.“And you need to do that over and over again.”（你需要一次又一次地这样做）和文意相符，选项中的“ do that over and over again”对应下文中的“do much hard work”。故选A。
5.根据上文“No matter how difficult it is, you still need to find your own way to change.”（不管有多困难，你还是需要找到自己的方式去改变。）可以推知，接下来描述的是你通过什么方式来改变。选项F.“You can review the past and make a list of the ways in which you haven’t changed.”（你可以回顾过去，列出你没有改变的地方。）符合文意。故选F。
四、完形填空(每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空 白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After getting married, I moved to an absolutely new town. ____31____as I was to be in a new city, with various new things to explore, I was still lonely. I was desperate to make friends and establish ____32____.
This could explain my enthusiastic “Count me in!” when ____33____to join in a half marathon. Reflecting on my usual 3 miles, I must have been ____34____— a half marathon, 13 miles seemed a(n) ____35____task.
After the initial shock wore off, I found comfort in burying myself in ____36____. I took it slow, one mile, and then two, three, four and five miles. Seven straight miles felt like to climb Everest in my eyes, and soon I became ____37____that high.
Mile after mile, I managed to step beside my running partners. We talked about our favorite music and ____38____ funny stories about our children. At about mile 10, the conversations ____39____. We shared our past and hopes for our future, our fears and disappointments. By the time we were running 12-mile legs, I know that I’d made ____40____friends.
____41____, the day of the race arrived. At the start line, armed with my friends, I already felt like a champion. My time training had ____42____. I managed to hold a steady pace and kept up with my ____43____. Legs shaking and knees buckling, we crossed the finish line together.
I have participated in multiple races since. Although running started as a ____44____of building social ties, it not only provided me with friendships, but with a skill that would benefit me the rest of my life. Though the first pair of shoes is long forgotten, running will never be ____45____.
31 A. Relaxed B. Excited C. Embarrassed D. Confused
32. A. reputation B. identity C. connections D. routines
33. A. allowed B. asked C. reminded D. required
34. A. special B. strange C. awkward D. crazy
35. A. impossible B. urgent C. rewarding D. pleasant
36. A. socializing B. studying C. training D. sharing
37. A. used to B. familiar with C. friendly to D. curious about
38. A. listened to B. made up C. spread D. exchanged
39. A. stopped B. deepened C. returned D. concluded
40. A. new B. more C. lifelong D. sporty
41. A. Finally B. Obviously C. Naturally D. Unluckily
42. A. failed B. continued C. caught on D. paid off
43. A. coaches B. judges C. companions D. competitors
44. A. series B. means C. habit D. tradition
45. A. chosen B. forbidden C. hurt D. replaced
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者搬到一个新的地方后通过跑步比赛和其他人建立良好关系的故事。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来到一个新的城市，有各种各样的新事物等着我去探索，我很兴奋，但我仍然很孤独。A. Relaxed放松的；B. Excited兴奋的；C. Embarrassed尴尬的；D. Confused困惑的。根据空前“I moved to an absolutely new town.”以及空后“as I was to be in a new city, with various new things to explore,”可知，去到新城市，有很多新事物要探索，所以作者还是很兴奋的。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我渴望交朋友，建立关系。A. reputation名声；B. identity身份；C. connections联系；D. routines惯例。根据空前“I was still lonely. I was desperate to make friends and establish”以及后文“I have participated in multiple races since. Although running started as a ______14______ of building social ties, it not only provided me with friendships,”可知，因为作者感到孤独，所以渴望交朋友，想和别人建立关系。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可以解释当被问及参加马拉松的时候我为什么会这么热情地回答“算我一个!”。A. allowed允许；B. asked问及；C. reminded提醒；D required要求。根据空前“This could explain my enthusiastic “Count me in!””可知，作者被问及参加半程马拉松时，说算她一个，所以此处应该是有人问作者要不要参加比赛。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起平时的3英里，我一定是疯了——半程马拉松，13英里似乎是不可能的任务。A. special特别的；B. strange奇怪的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据空前“Reflecting on my usual 3 miles, I must have been”以及空后“— a half marathon, 13 miles seemed a(n) ______5______ task.”可知作者平时只跑3英里，突然要跑13英里，所以认为自己一定是疯了。 故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起平时的3英里，我一定是疯了——半程马拉松，13英里似乎是不可能的任务。A. impossible不可能的；B. urgent紧急的；C. rewarding值得做的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据空前“Reflecting on my usual 3 miles, I must have been ______4______ — a half marathon, 13 miles seemed”可知，作者通常跑3英里，所以跑13英里一开始在作者看来是不可能的。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最初的震惊过去后，我在埋头训练中找到了安慰。A. socializing交往；B. studying学习；C. training训练；D. sharing分享。根据空后“I took it slow, one mile, and then two, three, four and five miles. Seven straight miles felt like to climb Everest in my eyes, and soon I became ______7______ that high.”可知，作者从一英里开始跑，然后两英里、三英里、四英里和五英里，然后是七英里，所以可以推断作者这是在进行跑步训练。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：在我眼里，连续7英里就像攀登珠穆朗玛峰，很快我就习惯了这么高。A. used to习惯于……的；B. familiar with对……熟悉的；C. friendly to对……友好的；D. curious about对……好奇的。根据空前的“Seven straight miles felt like to climb Everest in my eyes, and soon I became”可知七英里曾经在作者眼里就如同爬登珠峰那么遥不可及，但是随着训练的深入我已经慢慢习惯了这个距离。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查动词和动词词义辨析。句意：我们谈论我们最喜欢的音乐，谈论关于我们孩子的有趣的故事。A. listened to倾听；B. made up组成；C. spread 扩散；D. exchanged交流。根据空前“We talked about our favorite music and”以及空后“funny stories about our children.”可知，此处是在讲作者与他人逐渐开始熟络，交谈起来的，因此互相交流孩子的趣事比较符合生活实际。故选D项。
39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大约10英里处，谈话深入了。A. stopped停止；B. deepened加深；C. returned返回；归还；D. concluded得出结论。根据上文的“We talked about our favorite music and ______8______ funny stories about our children. At about mile 10, the conversations”以及空后“We shared our past and hopes for our future, our fears and disappointments.”可知，从交流最喜欢的音乐到自家孩子的趣事到分享过去的事情和对未来的希望，作者与新朋友们的谈话更加深入。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们开始跑12英里的时候，我知道我交到了一生的朋友。A . new新的；B. more更多的；C. lifelong终生的；D. sporty擅长运动的。根据前文“We shared our past and hopes for our future, our fears and disappointments. By the time we were running 12-mile legs, I know that I’d made”以及后文“Although running started as a ______14______ of building social ties, it not only provided me with friendships,”可知，本段描述作者在训练跑半程马拉松的过程中通过与新朋友谈话内容逐渐深入，她们的友谊逐渐加深，作者认为她们能成为终生的朋友。故选C项。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：终于到了比赛的日子。A. Finally终于；B. Obviously明显地；C. Naturally自然地；D Unluckily不幸地。根据空后“the day of the race arrived . At the start line, armed with my friends, I already felt like a champion.”可知，根据故事发展的时间逻辑，终于到了比赛的日子。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：我花时间进行的训练得到了回报。A. failed失败；B. continued继续；C. caught on流行；理解；D. paid off得到回报。根据下文的“I managed to hold a steady pace and kept up with my ______13______. Legs shaking and knees buckling, we crossed the finish line together.”可知，作者和朋友们一起越过了终点线，所以说作者花时间进行的训练得到了回报。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法保持稳定的步伐，跟上了我的同伴。A. coaches教练；B. judges裁判；C. companions同伴；D. competitors竞争者。根据上文的“At the start line, armed with my friends, I already felt like a champion.”以及后文“Legs shaking and knees buckling, we crossed the finish line together”可知，作者和朋友们一起越过了终点线，说明作者跟上了同伴。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我参加了多次比赛。虽然跑步一开始是作为一种建立社会关系的方式，但它不仅给我提供了友谊，而且还提供了一种使我受益终生的技能。A. series系列；B. means手段；C. habit习惯；D. tradition传统。根据前文“I was desperate to make friends and establish ______2______. This could explain my enthusiastic “Count me in!” when ______3______ to join in a half marathon.”可知，一开始作者是把参加半程马拉松当成建立社会联系的一种方式。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然第一双鞋早已被遗忘，但跑步永远不会被取代。A. chosen选择；B. forbidden禁止；C. hurt伤害；D. replaced代替。根据空前“it not only provided me with friendships, but with a skill that would benefit me the rest of my life”可知，这次跑步经历不仅让作者建立了友情，而且让作者得到了一种终生受益的技能，所以可以推出跑步永远不会被取代。故选D项。
五、语法填空(每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Great Wall is considered the firm backbone of China, while the Grand Canal is the bloodline________46________flows through the hearts of Chinese people. With________47________history of more than 2,500 years, the Grand Canal stretches nearly 3,200 kilometers and is the world’s________48________(long) man-made waterway.
Connecting the north and south of China, the Grand Canal connects trade and________49________(shape) culture. That was also the original reason________50________the Grand Canal was built. However, as some sections of the canal_______51_______(dry) up and been disused due to historical evolution and climate change, some people seem to forget its________52________(culture) value.
The urbanization (城市化) has led to garbage and other waste to be willfully (蓄意地) piled up on the waterway by some residents, while_______53_______have even been building illegal structures beside the canal. All of this has damaged the scenic and hydraulic (水力的) qualities of the canal.
But just as Chinese President Xi Jinping once said, “The cultural relics________54________(we) ancestors entrusted (委托) to us must be cherished.”
Many measures have been adopted toward revitalizing (使恢复生机) the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal is taking a turn for the better. There is no doubt that the time-honored Chinese culture is capable of________55________(add) glory to it today and in the days to come.
【答案】46. that##which 47. a
48. longest
49. shapes 50. why
51. have dried
52. cultural
53. others 54. our
55. adding
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。连接着中国南北的大运河，是世界上最长的人造水道，在中国的文化和贸易上都起着举足轻重的作用。但是城市化导致了大运河遭到破坏，不过目前已经采取了多项措施使其恢复生机，并逐步趋于好转。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：长城被认为是中国坚实的脊梁，而大运河是流经中国人心中的血脉。分析句子可知，“bloodline”后为定语从句，此处应为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是“bloodline”，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：大运河有2500多年的历史，全长近3200公里，是世界上最长的人造水道。分析句子可知，此处应用冠词，修饰“history”，with a history of... 意为：有着一段……的历史，符合句意。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大运河有2500多年的历史，全长近3200公里，是世界上最长的人造水道。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词，作定语，修饰名词短语“man-made waterway”；由“the world's”并结合常识，大运河在世界上是最长的人造水道，所以应用最高级。故填longest。
【49题详解】
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：大运河连接着中国的南北，连接着贸易和文化。根据“and”可知，此处与谓语动词“connects”为并列关系，所以也应用一般现在时，且为第三人称单数形式；根据宾语“culture”及句意，用主动形式，所以应用shapes。故填shapes。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：那也是大运河修建最初原因。分析句子可知，“reason”后为定语从句，此处应为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作状语，先行词是“reason”,应用关系副词why。故填why。
【51题详解】
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，由于历史演变和气候变化，运河的一些部分已经干涸和废弃，因此一些人似乎忘记了它的文化价值。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；由“and”可知，它与“been disused”为并列谓语，结合主句谓语动词“seem”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语是“some sections”，谓语应用复数形式；dry up 意为：干涸，应为主动语态。故填have dried up。
【52题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，由于历史演变和气候变化，运河的一些部分已经干涸和废弃，因此一些人似乎忘记了它的文化价值。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“value”。故填cultural。
【53题详解】
考查代词。句意：城市化导致一些居民在运河上蓄意堆放垃圾，甚至在运河旁建造非法建筑。分析句子可知，此处应用代词，在连词“while”引导的从句中作主语；根据主句中“some residents”及句意，此处应指“其他居民”，应用others。故填others。
【54题详解】
考查人称代词。句意：我们祖先托付给我们的文化遗产必须被珍惜。根据名词“ancestors”可知，此处应为形容词性的物主代词，作定语修饰“ancestors”。故填our。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，悠久的中华文化在今天和未来都有能力再创辉煌。根据句中谓语动词“is”可知，此处应用非谓语动词；在介词“of”后应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填adding。

六、单词填空(每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
56. Sand storms are a natural d commonly seen in deserts. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】disaster##isaster
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：沙尘暴是沙漠中常见的一种自然灾害。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词disaster，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填disaster。
57. It has been three years since he g________ from university. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】graduated##raduated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他大学毕业已经三年了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，动词graduate“毕业”符合题意，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，故填graduated。
58. Michael Jordon is a famous a in basketball. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】athlete##thlete
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：迈克尔·乔顿是篮球界的著名运动员。根据句意和首字母提示应填athlete“运动员”作表语，由不定冠词修饰用单数，故填athlete。
59. The article has been r by the editor to make it clear and logical. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】revised##evised
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：编辑对这篇文章进行了修订，使其清晰、合乎逻辑。根据句意和首字母提示应填动词revise“修订”作谓语，与主语article是被动关系，空前有has been，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故填revised。
60. Her excellent performance impressed all the a in the music hall. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】audience##udience
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她的出色表演给音乐厅的所有观众留下了深刻印象。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应用名词audience，表示“观众”，作动词impressed的宾语。故填audience。
61. You can always expect a few words of (智慧) from him. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】wisdom
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他总能冒出几句至理名言。设空处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示可知是wisdom，作智慧讲，为不可数名词，故填wisdom。
62. In case of (紧急情况), please follow our instructors. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】emergency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如有紧急情况，请跟随我们的教练。根据汉语提示“紧急情况”以及空前的In case of，可知应填名词形式emergency，作宾语,in case of emergency 意为“以防万一”，固定搭配。故填emergency。
63. It was so lucky that he (幸存) the terrible earthquake. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】survived
【解析】
【详解】考查动词及其时态。句意：他在那场可怕的地震中幸存下来，真是太幸运了。句子分析可知此句为主从复合句，设空处在从句中作谓语动词，根据句意以及汉语提示可知动词survive意为“幸存，幸免于难”符合句意；根据主句中“was so lucky”可知从句应用一般过去时，故填survived。
64. Scientific (实验) on animals are banned in some countries. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】experiments
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一些国家禁止对动物进行科学实验。表示“实验”应用名词experiment，作主语。根据谓语动词“are banned”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填experiments。
65. Feeling exhausted, she didn’t even have the (体力) to stand up.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】strength
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：感觉十分疲惫，她甚至没有体力站起来。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词strength，表示“体力，力气”时，为不可数名词。故填strength。
七、短语填空(每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)
66. When he found his mother coming near, he ________(假装在阅读) a book.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】pretended to be reading
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。句意：当他发现他的妈妈走近时，他假装正在读书。根据汉语提示可知，此处考查pretend to do sth假装做某事，read是正在进行的动作，故用不定式的进行式to be doing，根据时间状语从句“When he found his mother coming near”可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填pretended to be reading。
67. Figure skating is less exciting, when it (与……比较) short track speed skating. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】is compared with
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语及时态和语态。句意：当和短道速滑比起来，花样滑冰就没有那么令人振奋了。根据汉语提示，短语compare...with...符合题意，做从句谓语动词，Figure skating是被比较，且陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is compared with
68. Technological advance is believed (有作用或影响) rapid change of our daily life. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】to have an effect on##to have an impact on##to make a difference to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：技术的进步被认为对我们日常生活的快速变化产生了影响。根据汉语提示“有作用或影响”，空处填短语have an effect/impact on或者make a difference to，be believed to do sth表示“被认为做某事”，所以填to have an effect/impact on或to make a difference to。故答案为to have an effect/impact on或to make a difference to。
69. Yao Ming (树立榜样) for youth in China. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】sets an example
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：姚明为中国青年树立了榜样。表示“为某人树立榜样”应用短语set an example for sb.。分析句子可知，该句应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填sets an example。
70. Young people (喜爱) E-sports. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】are fond of
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，动词短语和主谓一致。句意：年轻人喜欢电子竞技。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，空处应填动词，结合所给中文提示词，应是be fond of意为“喜爱”，主语是集体名词people，作复数看，又描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时。故填are fond of。

八、课文背诵(每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)
71. 损失两大主力队员，是个巨大的挑战，但是郎平没有气馁。(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动名词，动词短语，时态和并列简单句。表达“损失两大主力队员”，用动名词做主语Losing two important players；表达“巨大的挑战”，用名词短语a great challenge；表达“气馁”，用动词短语 lose heart；根据句意，前后两部分为两个简单句并列，逻辑关系是转折，所以用but连接；再分析句意可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时态。故翻译为：Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart..
【点睛】
72. 她曾面临过各种困难，她知道只要她这些年轻的球员们齐心协力，就能获胜。(汉译英)
【答案】She had faced all the difficulties and knew that as long as her young players worked together, they could win.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和从句。观察中文提示可知，“面临困难”在“知道”之前，用过去完成时（had done）。“面临困难”译为face all the difficulties；“知道”译为know，用一般过去时，其后用that引导的宾语从句。“只要……”为用as long as引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般过去时。“她年轻的球员们”译为her young players；“齐心协力”译为work together；“获胜”译为win，前面加情态动词could。综上所述，句子翻译为She had faced all the difficulties and knew that as long as her young players worked together, they could win.
73. 昨天，40 年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成多个国家的 6,500 多人死亡。(汉译英)
【答案】The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in many countries.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、动词时态和非谓语动词。句子主语是The most powerful earthquake，意为“最为强烈的地震”，介词短语in the past 40 years作后置定语；谓语动词是cause，意为“引发”，根据时间状语“昨天”yesterday可知表示过去的动作，用一般过去时；a tsunami (一场海啸)是宾语；之后是that引导的定语从句修饰先行词a tsunami，且在从句中作主语，“重创亚洲沿海地带的海啸”翻译为a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia ；最后是现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果，“造成多个国家的 6,500 多人死亡”翻译为killing more than 6,500 people in many countries。故答案为：The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in many countries.
74. 渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被 9.0 级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。(汉译英)
【答案】Fishermen, tourists, hotels, houses and cars were swept away by the huge waves triggered by the 9.0 magnitude earthquake.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、短语和被动语态。分析句意可知，本句的时态可用一般过去时，“渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车”可用名词fishermen, tourists, hotels, houses and cars来表示，在句中作主语；表示“卷走”用动词短语sweep away，分析句意此处应该用被动语态，且主语是复数，所以用were swept away；表示“巨浪”可用名词huge waves；表示“9.0级强震所引发的”可用过去分词短语triggered by the 9.0 magnitude earthquake，作后置定语修饰huge waves。故答案为Fishermen, tourists, hotels, houses and cars were swept away by the huge waves triggered by the 9.0 magnitude earthquake。
75. 海啸巨浪由周日上午 7:00 许发生在印度尼西亚西岸附近海域的海底地震所引发。(汉译英)
【答案】The tsunami waves were generated by an undersea earthquake that/which struck off the west coast of Indonesia at about 7 a.m. Sunday. /The tsunami waves were generated by an undersea earthquake striking/hitting off the west coast of Indonesia at about 7 a.m. Sunday.
【解析】
【详解】考察动词、名词。表示“海啸巨浪”用tsunami waves, 此处是特指，故前面用定冠词the；表示“由……产生或引起”用be generated by；表示“海底的”用undersea; 表示“地震”用earthquake; 表示“侵袭，（灾害）发生”用strike/hit；表示“表示印度尼西亚西岸”用off the west coast of Indonesia；表示“周日上午 7:00 许”用at about 7 a.m. Sunday。本句的主干是“海啸巨浪是由地震引起的”，注意时态用一般过去时的被动语态，即 were generated by; 修饰说明“地震”可以用that/which引导的限制性定语从句（先行词指物，从句缺主语，故用that/which引导），谓语动词用一般过去时，也可用非谓语动词形式作后置定语（strike/hit与被修饰名词earthquake之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词）。故翻译为The tsunami waves were generated by an undersea earthquake that/which struck off the west coast of Indonesia at about 7 a.m. Sunday. /The tsunami waves were generated by an undersea earthquake striking/hitting off the west coast of Indonesia at about 7 a.m. Sunday.
九、书面表达(满分 20 分)
76. 假定你是李华，你所在的昌华社区地处地震频发地区。请草拟一份公开信，对社区内的外籍人士进行防震减灾宣传，内容包括：
1.地震的危害;
2.防震减灾的措施;
3.求助方式。
注意
1.词数 100 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear friends,
Since we are in Changhua Community, located in an earthquake prone area, it’s necessary for us to know essential information concerning it.
Earthquake is unpredictable and destructive, which does great harm to people’s body and heart. Some people have suffered a great loss to their belongings, some have become disabled, and others have even lost their lives. Therefore, in order to improve people’s awareness, Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Activity is scheduled to take place on 1st per month in our community. What’s more, the emergency evacuation drills for the quake are arranged regularly to help you grasp some protection knowledge to survive the possible earthquake danger. Besides, it’s really convenient to watch many related videos in our WeChat group.
Please remember the number 123456 and call for help in case of emergency.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，要求考生给社区的外籍人士写一篇有关防震减灾的公开信，内容包括地震的危害，防震减灾措施及求助方式。
【详解】1.词汇积累
坐落于：located in→situated in
破坏性的：destructive →devastating
训练：drill→training
除此之外：besides→ moreover
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Since we are in Changhua Community, located in an earthquake prone area, it’s necessary for us to know essential information concerning it.
拓展句：Since we are in Changhua Community, which is located in an earthquake prone area, it’s necessary for us to know essential information concerning it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Earthquake is unpredictable and destructive, which does great harm to people’s body and heart.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】What’s more, the emergency evacuation drills for the quake are arranged regularly to help you to grasp some protection knowledge to survive the possible earthquake danger. （运用了不定式作目的状语）